Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
  • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
  • G01B11/254—Projection of a pattern, viewing through a pattern, e.g. moiré
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
  • G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
  • G01B11/2545—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object with one projection direction and several detection directions, e.g. stereo
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
  • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
  • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
  • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
  • B24B9/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of optical work, e.g. lenses, prisms
  • B24B9/144—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of optical work, e.g. lenses, prisms the spectacles being used as a template
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C13/00—Assembling; Repairing; Cleaning
  • G02C13/003—Measuring during assembly or fitting of spectacles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
  • G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
  • G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
  • G06T7/593—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/97—Determining parameters from multiple pictures
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
  • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
  • G06V10/40—Extraction of image or video features
  • G06V10/44—Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a device for determining a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge of glasses according to the preamble of the respective independent claim.
• the invention further relates to a computer program product and a use of a device for determining peak values and / or a device for creating a spatially resolved refractive value map.
• the invention is therefore particularly in the technical field of glasses.
• the contour of the frame edge and in particular the groove in the frame edge must be measured so that the dimensions and the course of the contour are available as digital information.
• the contour is then used for grinding in the lenses.
• the groove or the frame edge is conventionally measured by means of a tactile tracer, which dips into the groove of the frame edge with a measuring needle and scans it mechanically and thereby follows a so-called trace.
• the information determined in the process is mostly provided as two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinates of the groove.
• the required measurement accuracy is usually around 1/10 millimeter or 100 ⁇ m in order to ensure that the spectacle lens fits perfectly in the spectacle frame or in the groove.
• the requirements for determining the contours of the frame grooves include that the contours for both frame grooves of an eyeglass frame can be determined separately from one another, since tolerances in the manufacturing processes of the eyeglass frames lead to asymmetry of the two frame edges that exceed the tolerance limits for grinding the glasses. In particular, asymmetries must be recorded that lead to deviations greater than 0.1 mm between the frame edges.
• the absolute geometric inaccuracy of the frame contour must not exceed 0.1 mm, so that the lenses ground in on the basis of the defined contour sit flush in the frame, ie without wobbling.
• the frame edges must also be able to be detected independently of the material and color of the frame and independently of the scattering or reflectance of the frame material.
• a device and a method for determining the frame contour is known from DE19937647C1, in which an attempt is made to record different views of the groove by means of a camera and a device for generating a wobbling movement.
• the tumbling movement can be generated a) by Stellmo gates, or b) by means of a rotatable mirror which is mounted below the camera and below the socket to be measured.
• a similar device is known from DE4019866A1.
• a device for determining the vertex power and the frame contour of glasses in which the glasses are illuminated from behind with a surface light source (e.g. semitransparent screen).
• the 2D contour of the frame edge is determined using the silhouette visible in the camera image.
• some needles are motorized or inserted into the groove with springs and the position of the needles is determined.
• a device is known from DE4224640A with which a groove shaped in the form of a "V" is to be optically reconstructed.
• Two parallel light bundles from two different angles are directed onto the groove by means of two light sources and corresponding optics and the reflected or Scattered light recorded with a camera.
• the three marked points of the "V” are reconstructed by means of triangulation.
• the frame groove is moved into the measuring field with a rotating device.
• a device for determining the spatial shape of the groove is known from DE19727226A1, in which a light beam or a laser line is directed centrally onto the groove by means of deflecting mirrors.
• the three-dimensional shape of the groove is determined by means of triangulation.
• the socket has to be moved by means of a turntable.
• a profile section is generated for each image acquisition.
• DE19919311 C1 describes a method and a device for non-contact scanning of the groove in the opening of a spectacle frame, the groove over 360 ° in a first, above or below the plane of the opening of the spectacle frame or the spectacle lens or the shaped disc lying plane is scanned and is scanned submit in a lowered and a raised level.
• None of the known methods or devices is able to determine the entire contour and profile of the groove in a short time, i.e. with just a few images, with a target accuracy of 0.1 mm.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device by means of which a reliable, simple and inexpensive determination of the contour of a mounting groove is made possible.
• the invention in a first aspect, relates to a method for determining a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge of glasses.
• the method comprises illuminating the frame edge, capturing multiple images of the illuminated frame edge from different predetermined perspectives and evaluating the captured images and determining a spatial curve of the frame groove on the basis of the evaluated images.
• the method is characterized in that the frame edge is illuminated along the entire circumference of the frame edge by means of directional lighting.
• the evaluation of the captured images includes assigning partial areas contained in the captured images to a surface element of the frame groove in each case on the basis of at least one of the following properties: shading of the respective partial area, brightness of the respective partial area and phase position of the lighting the respective partial area.
• the invention relates to a device for the contactless determination of a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge of glasses.
• the device comprises an illumination device which is designed to illuminate the frame edge, an image acquisition device which is set up to capture multiple images of the illuminated frame edge from different predetermined perspectives and an image evaluation unit which is set up to capture the captured images evaluate and provide the evaluated images for a determination of a space curve of the socket groove.
• the device is characterized in that the lighting device is designed to illuminate the frame edge along the entire circumference of the frame edge with directional lighting, and that the evaluation of the captured images involves assigning partial areas contained in the captured images to a surface element in each case the mounting groove on the basis of at least one of the following properties: shading of the respective partial area, brightness of the respective partial area and phase position of the illumination of the respective partial area.
• the invention relates to a computer program product which comprises a non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium on which a executable program code is stored which is configured to cause a device to carry out a method according to the invention.
• the invention relates to a use of a device for determining vertex power or a device for creating a spatially resolved power map for determining a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge of a pair of glasses or a glasses frame.
• the invention relates to a method for grinding a spectacle lens into a spectacle frame, comprising a method according to the invention for determining a contour of the frame groove.
• the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for determining a geometry of a spectacle lens, comprising a method according to the invention for determining a contour (34) of a frame groove (12c) in a frame edge (12a) of an eyeglass frame.
• the frame edge is the surface of an eyeglass frame, which faces a lens inserted into the respective frame edge of the eyeglass frame and adjoins the lens.
• the edge of the frame is the area which delimits the opening of the frame, into which a lens can be inserted into the frame.
• the circumference of the Fas sungsrandes is preferably an inner circumference of the socket edge.
• the inner contour of the frame edge visible in an image is also referred to as the frame edge contour.
• the mounting groove which is also simply referred to as a groove, is a profile present in the mounting edge, which preferably runs orthogonally to the mounting edge.
• the mount groove can be designed as a notch and / or milled recess in the mount edge.
• the mounting groove can, for example, have a V-shape exactly or approximately in cross-section, whereby this information regarding the approximate or assumed cross-sectional shape of the mounting groove can be taken into account when determining the contour of the mounting groove.
• the contour of the mounting groove is preferably a three-dimensional space curve, which the course and / or the dimensions of the mounting groove reproduces.
• the mounting groove can also represent a two-dimensional spatial curve lying in one plane.
• the space curve can be provided by means of three-dimensional coordinates, for example as a set of points in space, and in particular as a set of space curves.
• a point in space is preferably a tuple of two-dimensional coordinates or a triple of three-dimensional coordinates, which defines the position of the point in space in a predetermined coordinate system.
• the predetermined coordinate system can preferably represent a relative coordinate system, for example relative to an optical center of the image capture unit and / or relative to a position defined by a marker element.
• the fact that the frame edge is illuminated along the entire circumference means that the frame edge is not swept over by the lighting sequentially along its circumference, but rather the entire circumference of the frame edge is covered by the lighting. This can be achieved in particular by the fact that the lighting is incident on the edge of the frame from outside. It is not necessary to illuminate the edge of the frame from within, i.e. with a light source arranged in the opening of the edge of the frame.
• the entire circumference of the frame edge is preferably illuminated at the same time. The fact that the lighting cannot penetrate completely into the socket groove under certain circumstances does not prevent the lighting along the entire circumference.
• the frame edge is illuminated over its entire circumference at the same time means that the lighting is directed at the entire frame edge, but not necessarily all parts of the frame edge are exposed at the same time, although this is optionally possible.
• the light source may in principle be directed at the entire edge of the frame, but due to the light pattern, some parts of the edge of the frame may not be captured by light from the light source at some points in time become. Nevertheless, this is considered to be the simultaneous illumination of the entire rim of the frame.
• the directional lighting is lighting that is incident on the edge of the frame from a given direction.
• the illumination can particularly preferably originate from a point light source and / or from area illumination from a predetermined direction.
• the directional lighting is chosen in such a way that it casts a shadow as precisely as possible on the Frame groove generated.
• Directed illumination can be achieved, for example, in that the spectacle frame is incident only from one direction relative to the image capture device, for example by means of incident light from the direction in which the image evaluation unit is also arranged relative to the spectacle frame.
• the lighting device can provide the directional lighting, for example by means of one or more point light sources, which illuminate the frame edge from a predetermined direction and produce a shadow that is as precise as possible on the frame groove.
• a point light source can be designed as an incandescent lamp and / or an LED and / or a laser diode and / or a laser.
• one or more light sources can be provided which enable transmitted light illumination for the frame edge.
• light sources can optionally be provided for the incidence of illumination from the opposite direction of the spectacle frame, ie from the side of the spectacle frame facing away from the image capture device.
• the image capturing device can, for example, have surface emitters, such as a display and / or an OLED light element. This can be advantageous in particular for determining the contour of the frame groove in at least partially transparent spectacle frames.
• surface light sources such as a display and / or an OLED light element, can be offered.
• the shading of the respective sub-areas is a property of the respective sub-area which is caused by a different light intensity of the lighting incident on the sub-area or the shading of the respective sub-area from the lighting.
• different partial areas can thus be identified in the captured images, which are preferably assigned to a surface element of the mounting groove (in space). Transitions between different brightnesses and / or shades can be assessed, for example, as transitions between adjacent partial areas, which can then also be assessed as transitions between adjacent surface elements.
• the cross-section of the socket groove can be detected at each position of the socket groove along the course of the socket groove through five spatial points, the surface elements running between the spatial points.
• the contour running in the groove base can be characterized in the profile section by a single point in space.
• the cross-section of the groove profile can be characterized by only three spatial points, with one of the spatial points in the cross-section identifying the groove base and the other two points the respective transitions between the groove flank and the frame edge.
• more than five spatial points can also be recorded in order to model the cross-sectional profile of the mounting groove.
• a surface element is, for example, a coherent area of a virtual and / or mathematical representation of the contour, which is assigned to a partial area in a captured image, which is due to homogeneous or approximately homogeneous properties in terms of their shading and / or brightness and / or phase position of the Transmitted and / or reflected lighting is recognized or assessed as interrelationships partial area and is thereby differentiated from other surface elements.
• a shading is, in particular, a brightness curve in the captured images.
• the shading can be present as a linear brightness curve or comprise one.
• Various image filters can preferably also be used, for example, to generate additional image channels and to segment and / or evaluate the images on the basis of the image channels generated in this way.
• the lighting device can provide phase-shifted lighting so that phase images and / or amplitude images and / or curvature images can also be calculated in the case of images that were captured with mutually phase-shifted lighting.
• the phase position of the illumination of the respective partial area is, for example, a relative phase position of the captured illumination with respect to other partial areas in the captured image.
• the phase of the lighting for example, the spatial course of the groove or the frame edge can be recorded particularly precisely.
• it can be particularly advantageous to illuminate at least partially transparent spectacle frames with transmitted light, since in this way the shading can be determined particularly reliably.
• the different predetermined perspectives from which the images are captured are advantageous in order to determine the exact position of the surface elements and / or the spatial points in space, for example by means of triangulation.
• the set of spatial curves is determined in particular on the basis of the spatial points.
• a spatial curve runs through those spatial points which lie along the course of the mounting groove at the respective corresponding cross-sectional position of the mounting groove or contour.
• the spatial curves thus preferably run parallel to the contour or the mounting groove, so that the set of spatial curves includes the respective surface elements and corresponds to the contour of the mounting groove.
• it can be advantageous to capture several images in which the directional lighting is incident on the frame edge from different predetermined perspectives, since in this way the shading can be determined particularly reliably.
• a device for determining vertex power is, for example, a vertex power meter or a lens meter. Such a device can be used to measure the apex value of a spectacle lens, the refractive index at the apex of the spectacle lens being able to be determined in the form of an individual value.
• the image acquisition device can for example have one or more sensors and / or cameras.
• a separate sensor and / or a separate camera can be provided for each frame edge.
• a sensor and / or a camera can be provided which can detect both frame edges at the same time.
• the image evaluation unit and the geometry evaluation unit can be designed as a computing unit and / or implemented in a computing unit.
• the image evaluation unit and the geometry evaluation unit can be assigned to a single arithmetic unit or to separate arithmetic units.
• the invention offers the advantage that the contours of the frame grooves of a glasses frame can be determined optically with just a few images.
• the invention also offers the advantage that, due to the directional lighting used, the contours of the mounting grooves can be determined particularly precisely and reliably, since in particular a high optical contrast is achieved can be io.
• the invention also offers the advantage that a particularly reliable automated detection of surface elements can be carried out by evaluating the shading in the captured images. The invention thus offers the advantage that a reliable, simple and sensitive option for determining the contour is provided.
• the invention it is not necessary to carry out a mechanical scanning of the mounting groove. Preferably it follows the determination of the contour of the mounting groove without contact.
• This offers the further advantage that a particularly high level of accuracy can be achieved, since there is no risk of deformation of the spectacle frame due to mechanical scanning, which is particularly advantageous in the case of very thin frame edges. Since there is no need for manual adjustment of the device, in contrast to, for example, mechanical tracers, a particularly high level of reliability and reliability as well as a low susceptibility to incorrect operation can also be achieved in this way.
• the invention also enables the contour to be determined particularly quickly, since preferably only a few image recordings are required.
• the invention offers the advantage that no mechanical positioning units to be calibrated with high precision are required. As a result, a large adjustment effort can be avoided and the susceptibility to errors can be reduced. The maintenance costs can also be reduced as a result.
• the invention offers the advantage that the three-dimensional contour of the frame groove can be determined in the profile section or cross-section and this can thus be taken into account when grinding the glasses.
• the spectacle lenses can be adapted particularly precisely to the spectacle frame when grinding in, in order to achieve the best possible hold of the spectacle lenses in the frame.
• the determination of the three-dimensional contour also enables the reliable and precise grinding of spectacle lenses for strongly curved frames, for which a contour determined only in two dimensions might not be sufficient.
• the lens design can be optimized on the basis of the contours of the frame grooves and frame edges, so that the lenses of the finished glasses also meet optional aesthetic requirements. For example, it can be achieved that the glasses finished glasses close as exactly as possible with the front edge of the frame rim.
• Glass design is understood to mean the spatial configuration or geometry of the spectacle lens which the spectacle lens has after completion.
• the lens design can depend, for example, on the effect of the prescription, the material of the lens and the contour of the frame in which the lens is to be inserted.
• the glass design can also depend, for example, on other parameters, such as the position of the viewing points and / or the expected viewing habits of the user, which can then be taken into account when creating the glass design.
• the invention also offers the advantage that the contour of the mounting groove can be determined independently of the ambient light by using a lighting device. In this way, reliably repeatable results can be achieved even under different ambient light conditions.
• the invention offers the advantage that the contour (s) of the mounting groove (s) can be detected very quickly. It is particularly preferred that only a few image recordings are required in order to capture the contours.
• the invention can also offer the advantage that very large or long sections of the contour of the mounting groove can be captured as a respective coherent partial surface or surface element. For example, at least one surface element can extend over at least 10 ° of the inner angle of the frame edge.
• the invention preferably comprises determining a set of spatial curves on the basis of the surface elements assigned in the respective images, the set of spatial curves corresponding to the contour of the frame groove.
• the method further comprises determining a plurality of spatial points on the basis of a linkage of the correspondingly assigned surface elements in the respective captured images, which precedes the determination of the set of spatial curves, the set of spatial curves being determined in such a way that the spatial curves are each through at least part of the Space points run.
• the space curves can be determined in a particularly precise manner.
• the directional lighting preferably has at least one of the following features: collimated lighting, structured lighting, transmitted-light lighting, incident-light lighting, ultraviolet lighting and polarized lighting.
• This offers the advantage that specially defined lighting can be provided which offers a large number of parameters which enable the captured images to be evaluated.
• Directed lighting is, for example, lighting that is incident on the edge of the frame from one direction.
• Directed lighting can preferably be provided by means of a point light source.
• the directional lighting has the effect that a precise shadow is cast at the frame groove, which results in a precisely assignable shading of the partial areas.
• the lighting device can include one or more incandescent lamps, LEDs and / or laser diodes.
• the lighting device preferably has at least one of the following lighting elements: slide projector, digital strip projector, laser line projector and laser point pattern projector.
• a lighting device for directional lighting can, for example, comprise one or more LEDs. The position of the LED lighting is preferably positioned up to 90 ° out of the plane of the cameras in order to achieve sufficient scattering of the light at the frame edges into the field of view of the lighting device.
• the lighting device can additionally have one or more light sources for the transmitted light illumination, which are optionally arranged on the side of the frame edge facing away from the image capturing device. These can for example be designed as surface radiators. This offers the advantage that incident-light and transmitted-light measurements can be combined for at least partially transparent spectacle frames.
• the evaluation of the images can preferably include filtering the captured images and / or performing other preprocessing steps, in particular on the image channels.
• the image channels can in particular be output images of a phase-shifting processing of strip images, i.e. of output images that were recorded on the basis of input images that were recorded when the edge of the frame was illuminated with structured lighting, such as strip projection, and then with phase shift algorithms were evaluated.
• the base intensity, the amplitude image and the phase image are typically present as separate image channels. This can be advantageous, for example, for further processing and / or evaluation of the images and / or simplify and / or improve the geometry evaluation.
• the use of “Micro Phase Shifting” methods is particularly advantageous in this context, see M. Gupta and SK Nayar, “Micro Phase Shifting,” 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Lexington, RI, 2012, pp. 813-820, doi: 10.1109 / CVPR.2012.6247753.
• the evaluation and / or acquisition of images can preferably include adding up and / or forming a difference between several images.
• mean values of the pixel brightness can be calculated for a plurality of captured images and one or more images composed of such mean values can be used for further image evaluation.
• the device can be designed to provide collimated illumination of the frame edges, for example by means of laser line projection.
• optical features are preferably projected onto the frame edges, which can be brought into relation to one another in the image recordings from the different perspectives and make it easier to determine the contour. This offers the advantage that the lighting can be provided in a particularly defined manner.
• the collimated illumination can be provided by means of a laser diode or by means of a laser.
• collimated lighting by means of lenses and / or curved mirrors can be achieved starting from a divergent or convergent light source.
• Structured lighting can be achieved, for example, by projecting and / or mapping a pattern onto the frame edge.
• a line pattern and / or point pattern can be projected and / or mapped onto the frame edge, which enables the contour to be reliably determined.
• the structured lighting can be provided by means of a lighting device which includes a slide projector, in particular for projecting a static pattern, and / or a digital strip projector and / or a laser line projector and / or a laser point pattern projector.
• the image evaluation unit can be set up for this purpose be to determine the image positions of the projected pattern features in the image.
• the geometry evaluation unit can be set up to calculate or determine the spatial position of the respective feature from the image positions of corresponding or linked image features and to determine the contour therefrom, for example.
• the structured lighting is projected onto the frame edge in at least two different arrangements, with at least one image being captured from each of the different perspectives in each arrangement, so that each part of the frame edge is captured as an image at least once in different structures of the structured lighting becomes.
• images can be captured in which some parts of the frame edge are located in a dark area of a projected strip lighting and, on the other hand, images can be captured in which the same parts are located in a bright area of the projected strip lighting.
• the phase of the strip lighting can be varied.
• micro phase shifting can be used, as is known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art (see, for example, M. Gupta et al. “Micro Phase Shifting”; IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp . 1-8, Jun. 2012).
• This shifting of the phase enables all parts of the frame edge that are detected by the projected strip lighting to be detected at least once in a dark and once in a light part of the lighting.
• the phase is the phase of an at least approximately sinusoidal intensity profile of the stripe pattern.
• the illumination with a pattern can preferably be combined with the image acquisition of an image with collimated illumination in order, for example, to be able to use the principle of edge detection in a particularly reliable manner.
• This offers the advantage that a particularly reliable determination of the contour is made possible.
• a digital strip projector is used for pattern projection
• a series of phase-shifted strip images can preferably be captured using the known method of phase-shifting strip projection.
• These images can be used, for example, with known methods (such as averaging per pixel over all images) averaged image (so-called base intensity) and / or a gradient image from phase gradients and / or an image from amplitude values can be calculated.
• the channel of the amplitude image of the strip image or the strip images can be used for the edge detection.
• the edge detection can then be used particularly advantageously since, compared to a regular gray value image, additional information that is helpful for the edge detection is provided.
• the contrast in the amplitude image is particularly rich in detail, as is the curvature intensity, which becomes visible by deriving and evaluating the curvature information of the phase image.
• Transmitted light illumination can be achieved, for example, by illuminating the edge of the mount from the side of the edge of the mount opposite the image capturing device.
• Transmitted light illumination can be particularly advantageous in the case of at least partially transparent spectacle frames, in which the illumination can penetrate at least partially through the spectacle frame and in particular at least partially through the frame edges. The advantage is that a reliable determination of the contour is made possible even if a lack of reflectivity of the spectacle frame would be impossible or difficult to determine using only incident light.
• Incident light illumination can in particular take place by illuminating the edge of the mount from the same side of the edge of the mount on which the image capturing device is also arranged.
• the optical axes of the light source and the image capturing device can lie exactly or approximately in one plane.
• the incident light illumination offers the advantage that light reflected and / or scattered from the edge of the frame can be detected.
• Incident light illumination can be advantageous in particular for non-transparent frame edges through which the illumination cannot penetrate or at least cannot penetrate to a sufficient extent.
• Ultraviolet lighting can be provided, for example, by means of a UV lamp and / or by means of a laser. Ultraviolet illumination can be particularly advantageous in that reflective effects can be reduced, in particular on metallic surfaces.
• Polarized lighting can be achieved, for example, by using a polarized emitting light source and / or by means of a polarization filter.
• the polarized lighting is preferably a linearly polarized lighting. This offers the advantage that the reflective properties of the lighting on the frame edges can be adapted and / or varied.
• a certain polarization can also be advantageous in that it is possible to emphasize differences in intensity or differences in brightness of different partial areas or segments of the frame edge and / or to suppress interfering reflections.
• the lighting preferably includes switchable lighting of the socket edge, so that socket edges made of both transparent or semi-transparent materials and non-transparent materials, such as metal, can be recorded in such a way that the various surface segments are recorded Images are distinguishable.
• transmitted light so-called backlight
• incident light illumination is preferably used in the case of opaque or nontransparent materials, such as metal
• the strength of the lighting i.e. the lighting intensity, can particularly advantageously be adapted to the degree of absorption of the material - with strong absorption, the lighting intensity can be increased, with strong reflectivity or scattering, the lighting intensity can be reduced.
• the captured images are preferably evaluated at least partially by means of image segmentation.
• image segmentation optionally comprises the following steps: framing or segmentation of the framing, detection of the contour of the inner framing, edge detection and completion of edges of the groove profile by means of a mathematical optimization process.
• the frame edge segmentation or segmentation of the frame can take place, for example, by means of a foreground / background segmentation, for which a transmitted light illumination can be particularly advantageous. It is preferred an image of the silhouette of the frame is created by placing the frame between the lighting and the camera and the frame standing out from the background. In the image, pixels of the frame's silhouette are darker than the background. A segmentation of the frame, the result of which is a binary image, is thus possible, for example, by using a threshold value method. To further improve the contrast, a difference image can be formed from the silhouette image and an empty background image without a frame, for example, before the threshold value formation and binarization.
• the contour line of the inner frame edge can preferably be derived from the binary image using common edge extraction methods, for example using morphological operators.
• an edge detection with subpixel accuracy can preferably be carried out in the area of the frame edge contour.
• a subpixel Canny method can be used, as described in the document “Stable Segmentation of 2D Curves”, AWJ Fritzgibbon, PhD thesis, 1997, University of Edinburgh.
• edges that belong to the groove profile can, in particular, follow within the segmented frame edge or the binary image of the frame and prefer the detection of edges that run parallel or almost parallel to the contour line of the inner frame edge.
• directional vectors are preferably assigned to points or sections of the respective line, which can be calculated, for example, by forming a gradient or determining a straight line. Edge sections whose direction vectors differ more than a specified maximum angle are optionally excluded from the further calculation.
• the completion of edges by means of a mathematical optimization method can include, for example, the minimization of a cost function.
• a model of the contour lines to be determined is preferably used which has free parameters.
• a V-shaped cross-section of the socket groove can be assumed and included in the optimization process.
• the distances between the edges and the model are preferably included in the cost function as a data term.
• a set of parameters for which the cost function is minimal is preferably determined in an optimization loop.
• additional terms can optionally be included in the cost function, which, for example, evaluate the smoothness of the respective contour line.
• the model can for example comprise a complex-valued Fourier series, the free parameters determining the coefficients of the series and the real and imaginary parts each encoding the x and y values of the contour points.
• Other usable contour models can be based on polynomial splines, NURBS or conic sections, for example.
• the capturing of the images from the different predetermined perspectives preferably includes capturing images from mutually different predetermined viewing angles about an axis of rotation.
• the spectacle frame can be arranged at different angles relative to the image capture device.
• the spectacle frame can be pivoted into different positions for this purpose.
• the axis of rotation for pivoting the spectacle frame preferably runs parallel to the upper edge of the spectacle frame.
• the position of the image capturing device can also be changed in order to enable capturing of images from different perspectives and / or viewing angles.
• a plurality of image capturing devices can also be used, which enable the capturing of images from different predetermined viewing angles or perspectives without the need to pivot and / or move the spectacle frame and / or the image capturing device.
• the spectacle frame is arranged at different angles relative to the image capturing device in the different perspectives. This offers the possibility of capturing the spectacle frame from different angles with the image capturing device. From some of the different angles, partial areas of the spectacle frame can then optionally be viewed which may not be visible from other angles or perspectives. This allows the glasses frame to be viewed from different perspectives simply and effectively.
• the glasses frame can be pivoted about the axis of rotation, the axis of rotation running parallel to the upper edge of the glasses frame.
• This enables the frame groove to be seen from the different angles or perspectives even when the image capturing device is arranged outside the frame edge.
• it is not necessary to position the image capture device within the frame edges, ie in an area that is provided for a spectacle lens to be used. Rather, it is sufficient to view the frame edge from outside with the image acquisition device.
• the complexity of the device for contactless determination of a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge can be kept low and, moreover, a large area of the frame edge or the frame groove can be captured simultaneously by the image acquisition device.
• the entire rim of the frame can be recorded at the same time.
• the images are captured from the different perspectives on the basis of changed positions of the image capture device.
• the position and / or orientation of the image capturing device is optionally changed relative to the spectacle frame for capturing the images from the different perspectives and / or the position of the spectacle frame relative to the image capturing device. This enables a simple realization and technical implementation of the acquisition of the images from the different perspectives.
• images can be captured from different viewing angles from one another using multiple image capture devices.
• This offers the possibility that images of the frame edge can be captured from several perspectives at the same time.
• This optionally avoids the need to bring about a change in the relative position and / or orientation of the glasses mount to the image capturing device. As a result, the time required for determining the contour of the mounting groove can be reduced.
• the multiple images are captured in such a way that the image capture device captures two frame edges of a spectacle frame in the image area. This saves time, since it is not absolutely necessary to record the two frame edges in two separate measurements.
• the image evaluation for both frame edges can also be carried out in one process without several different images having to be evaluated for the individual frame edges.
• a marker element is preferably also provided, which is arranged at a clearly predetermined position in such a way that the captured images can be used to clearly position the frame edge relative to the mark element.
• This offers the possibility of using the marker element to determine the unique position of the glasses frame and thus the contour of the frame groove relative to the image capture device.
• the marker element preferably has a precisely defined position relative to the image capturing device. Based on the position of the glasses frame relative to the marker element, the position of the glasses frame relative to the image capturing device can be determined.
• the marker element preferably has at least one distinctive feature that can be localized with high accuracy in the captured images of the image capture device and, if it has multiple cameras, in the images of all cameras involved, and that in a fixed spatial relationship to the edge of the frame stands.
• This offers the advantage that simple orientation and / or position determination is made possible in the captured images.
• the image position of this marker element is determined in order to determine the relative position and orientation of the frame edge to the cameras involved.
• the marker element can preferably be partially transparent in order to be able to determine one or more distinctive features both with incident light illumination and with transmitted light illumination.
• An excellent feature here is a feature whose position in the captured images can be clearly determined with high reliability and great accuracy.
• the device preferably comprises a holding device, the holding device being designed to hold the glasses in a fixed position and fixed in orientation relative to the lighting device and the image capturing device.
• the fact that the image capturing device can optionally be arranged in several different positions relative to the edge of the frame does not prevent this, since the positi onsfeste and orientation-fixed positioning relates to a fixed arrangement of the image capturing device in one of the different perspectives.
• the holding device is preferably also designed to hold the glasses in at least two different orientations relative to the lighting device and the image capturing device, the at least two different orientations defining different predetermined viewing angles of the image capturing device on the frame edge.
• the image capturing device is preferably designed to rotate or pivot the spectacle frame about an axis of rotation in order to enable the image capturing device to capture images of the illuminated frame edge from at least two and particularly preferably several different predetermined perspectives.
• the holding device preferably has a glasses holder with a spring element for stable holding of the glasses in various pivoting positions. This enables simple attachment and removal of the glasses, as well as a secure hold of the glasses while the contour of the frame groove is being determined.
• the device according to the invention is preferably also designed to determine at least one of the following two properties of spectacle lenses of spectacles held in the device: vertex refractive power and spatially resolved refractive power map.
• the device is preferably designed as a vertex breaker and / or as a device for measuring a spatially resolved refractive index map and can be used in a further function to determine the contour of a socket groove or to determine the contours of both socket grooves.
• the contours of both mount grooves can preferably be determined in the course of a measurement. It is particularly preferable for the two contours to be captured at the same time. This enables the contours to be determined particularly quickly.
• the image evaluation unit can be set up to detect both frame edges in each image recording.
• the image capture device can be designed to capture the two frame edges in the image area.
• the image acquisition device can have a plurality of sensors and / or cameras in order to acquire each frame edge with a separate sensor and / or a separate camera.
• the image capturing device preferably comprises at least two cameras. Each of the two cameras is particularly preferably aligned in such a way that the optical The axis of the respective camera runs through one of the two frame edges or contours or through the opening of the glasses spanned by the respective frame edge.
• the image acquisition device preferably has at least one "high dynamic ranks” (HDR) camera.
• the image acquisition includes the acquisition of several images for each arrangement or pivot position of the spectacle frame using a series of lighting states (e.g. different lighting intensities), see above that both the transition from the frame edge to the groove and the groove base are made clearly visible in at least one of the images of the series of lighting conditions with a suitable lighting condition.
• HDR high dynamic ranks
• the image capture device has at least one camera, the optical axis of the at least one camera running through one of the two frame edges or contours or through the opening of the glasses spanned by the respective frame edge.
• the at least one camera is aimed at the opening of at least one of the frame edges.
• the frame edges can be viewed from outside and it is therefore not necessary to position the camera inside the frame edge, i.e. in the area that is intended for the spectacle lens to be used.
• An interpolation of distances between the space curves of the set of space curves is preferably carried out in order, for example, in the case of local obscurations of the contours in the image, to still be able to determine the contour completely.
• This is particularly advantageous when the tilting or pivoting of the spectacle frame about a horizontal axis is restricted, since in this case the contours on the left and right frame edges can be covered in all rotational positions.
• the same applies preferably to the upper lower Fas sungr selected when the rotation about a vertical axis is restricted.
• the image evaluation unit and the geometry evaluation unit are preferably used iteratively in an optimization loop, the results of the geometry evaluation unit being used in each case in order to allow them to flow into the image evaluation unit as further input.
• the steps of evaluating the captured images, determining the plurality of spatial points and determining the set of spatial curves are repeated performed in an iteration loop.
• the advantage of such an optional extended image evaluation unit is the more precise definition of the detection results - the results of the edge detection can be improved in this way, especially in regions with low contrast.
• the geometry evaluation unit is preferably also set up to determine a plurality of spatial points on the basis of a linkage of the surface elements correspondingly assigned in the respective captured images, which precedes the determination of the set of spatial curves, and to determine the set of spatial curves in such a way that the spatial curves each run through at least part of the spatial points. This offers the advantage that the spatial curves can be determined particularly precisely.
• FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for the contactless determination of a contour of a mounting groove
• FIG. 2 shows a folding device 28 according to a preferred one
• 3A to 3C show a folding device 28 of a device 10 according to a preferred embodiment in three different perspective representations
• FIGS. 4A and 4B captured images of a spectacle frame by way of example; 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary determined or reconstructed contour of a mount groove 12c in a mount edge;
• FIG. 6 shows an exemplary illustration of image acquisition from different perspectives
• 7A to 7C are exemplary explanations for modeling the contour.
• FIGS. 1 A and 1 B show a schematic representation of a device 10 for contactless determination of a contour of a frame groove in a frame edge of a spectacle frame 12 in a side view (FIG. 1A) or in a plan view (FIG. 1 B) according to a preferred embodiment.
• the device 10 has an illumination device 14 which, according to the embodiment shown, is designed as a display.
• the display can, for example, comprise a commercially available computer display or be designed as such.
• the lighting device 14 is designed to provide the Fas sungsrand of the spectacle frame 12 along the entire circumference of the frame edge 12a with a directional illumination as transmitted light illumination.
• the spectacle frame 12 comprises two frame rims 12a and two temples 12b.
• the device 10 can have a further illumination device and / or light source which is designed to provide incident light illumination so that the light is incident on the spectacle frame 12 from the side of the spectacle frame 12 facing the image capturing device.
• the device 10 also has an image acquisition device 16 by means of which several images of the illuminated frame edges 12a can be acquired.
• the eyeglass frame 12 is arranged between the image evaluation unit 16 and the lighting device 14 so that the directional lighting provided by the lighting device 14 as transmitted light at least partially passes through the frame edge 12a or the frame edges 12a of the eyeglass frame 12 and is captured by the image acquisition device 16 becomes.
• the image capturing device 16 comprises two optical cameras 18 which are arranged in such a way that their optical Axes run through the openings spanned by the frame edges 12a of the spectacle frame 12.
• the cameras 18 are set in such a way that the frame edges 12a of the spectacle frame 12 are arranged within a focus area 100 of the cameras 18 so that the image acquisition device 16 can capture a sharp or focused image of the frame edges 12a.
• the two cameras 18 are arranged next to one another in such a way that their lateral distance corresponds approximately to the distance between the two center points of the openings spanned by the frame edges 12a.
• other arrangements of the cameras 18 are also possible, with which an image of the frame edges 12a is made possible.
• the image acquisition device can also have only one camera or one sensor or more than two cameras or sensors, by means of which images of the frame edges 12a can be acquired.
• the device 10 can be designed to determine only the contour of the frame groove of one of the two frame edges 12a of an eyeglass frame 12. With such a device, the contour of the two grooves of the frame edges 12a can then be recorded sequentially one after the other.
• the image capturing device 16 can be pivoted in such a way that the image capturing device 16 can capture images of the frame edges 12a from different predetermined perspectives.
• the device 10 can have a suitable holding device, by means of which the spectacle frame 12a can be arranged in different orientations in order to use the image capture device 16 to encompass images from different predetermined perspectives.
• the device 10 also has a computing unit 20 in which an image evaluation unit 22 and a geometry evaluation unit 24 are integrated or implemented.
• the image evaluation unit 22 and the geometry evaluation unit 24 can also be designed in separate computing units.
• the computing unit has a data communication connection to the image acquisition device in order to receive and evaluate the acquired images.
• the image evaluation unit 22 evaluates the images captured and provided by the image capture device 16 and assigns the partial areas contained therein to a surface element of the frame groove. The assignment takes place on the basis of the shading and / or the brightness of the respective partial area.
• the geometry evaluation unit 24 determines a plurality of spatial points in space, i.e. in the object space of the spectacle frame 12, by linking the surface elements in the captured images from different perspectives and determines a set of spatial curves. This link can preferably take place by means of triangulation.
• the space curves each run through at least some of the space points.
• the set of space curves corresponds to the contour of the socket groove.
• the device 10 has a housing 26 which encloses the other components of the device 10.
• the housing 26 is preferably impermeable to light and is designed in such a way that the components of the device 10 arranged in the housing 26 are shielded from ambient light. This offers the advantage that disruptive background lighting when determining the contour (s) can be avoided and therefore the accuracy and / or reliability of the determination can be increased.
• the contour (s) can also be determined independently of the brightness and / or the illumination of the surroundings.
• the device 10 is preferably a device 10 which is also designed to determine the vertex refractive power and / or to create a spatially resolved refractive power map.
• the device 10 can be designed both to determine the vertex power and / or to determine a spatially resolved power map, as well as to determine the contour (s) of the grooves of the frame edges 12a. This offers the advantage that, for example, an optician can perform several tasks or functions with a single device.
• a spectacle frame or spectacle frame 12 without glasses can be arranged in the device 10 in order to determine the contours of the frame edges.
• the spectacle frame 12 together with the spectacle lenses can then be arranged again in the device 10 in order to determine the vertex refractive power and / or a spatially resolved refractive power map.
• the cameras are preferably designed as high-resolution cameras with at least 10 mega-pixels.
• the device is preferably set up to measure the optical effect of the two glasses inserted into the glasses over the entire visual surface of the glasses frame 12 at the same time by means of the cameras.
• the cameras are preferably calibrated precisely to one another, for example with an accuracy of 1/10 mm or better, and directed at a holding device for holding the spectacle frame 12.
• the display of the lighting device 14 can preferably be set up to show an optical pattern so that an image or several images of the pattern can be captured through the spectacle lenses with the image capture device 16 or with the cameras.
• the cameras are preferably adjusted in such a way that the focal position is set precisely on the spectacle lenses of the spectacle frame 12.
• the spectacle frame 12 can be held in position with high mechanical precision and can be shifted and / or pivoted or rotated, so that the image acquisition device can capture images of the illuminated frame edges from at least two predetermined perspectives that enable the contours 34 to be determined of the grooves 12c of the frame edges 12a allow.
• the device preferably enables, for example by means of a holding device 28, at least one of the three mechanical movements mentioned below of the spectacle frame or spectacle frame 12 in relation to the cameras or to the image capturing device 16:
• the cameras are moved relative to the glasses frame and / or the glasses frame is moved relative to the cameras.
• the axis of rotation can lie freely in space - ie the axis of rotation does not necessarily have to be parallel to one of the other straight lines or surfaces.
• the spectacle frame including its frame edges 12a is pivoted about a horizontal axis of rotation 200, the axis of rotation being arranged parallel to a connecting line perpendicular to the optical axes of the two cameras. This makes it possible for the spectacle frame edges 12a to lie both in the focus area and in the vertically and horizontally limited field of view of the cameras even when rotated.
• a large number of images of the frame edges are captured from a large number of perspectives or viewing angles.
• the device and the method are particularly preferably set up in such a way that the frame edges are not shaded in the different positions or arrangements in the field of view of the cameras.
• a high-precision mechanical holding device (see, for example, FIG. 2) is also advantageous, with which the change in the positioning and / or orientation of the glasses frame can be controlled and leads to a controllable positioning and / or orientation of the glasses frame.
• the device is preferably designed such that the spectacle frame is fixed by the holding device in such a way that the position and / or orientation of the spectacle frame 12 or the spectacle frame does not change even if the positioning and / or orientation relative to the holding device is changed .
• FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic representation, a holding device 28 according to a preferred embodiment, by means of which a spectacle frame 12 or a spectacle frame can be held or fixed in a device 10.
• the holding device 28 has three holding arms 30 by means of which the spectacle frame 12 can be held or fixed in a specific position and / or orientation relative to the image acquisition device 16. According to the embodiment shown, one of the holding arms 30 fixes the web of the spectacle frame 12, while the other two holding arms 30 each fix one of the temples 12b.
• the eyeglass frame 12 can also simply be placed on the holding arms 30.
• the holding arms 30 are preferably designed in such a way that they firmly fix the glasses and also secure them against slipping.
• the holding arms 30 can be variable in their height or length, so that the spectacle frame 12 can be pivoted or rotated at least partially about the axis of rotation 200 in a predetermined angular range.
• the lengths of the rear holding arms 30 can be lengthened and / or the front holding arm 30 can be shortened, so that the spectacle frame 12 is inclined forward and vice versa.
• the holding arms 30 can be designed as telescopic arms, for example.
• the entire holding device 28 can be designed to be rotatable or pivotable or tiltable in order to enable the glasses 12 to be pivoted about the axis of rotation 200.
• the axis of rotation 200 can also be arranged at a different location and / or run in a different direction.
• the holding device 28 is then preferably set up to pivot the spectacle frame 12 about the respective axis of rotation 200.
• the holding device 28 has a marker element 32, which is fixed in its position and orientation relative to the holding device 28.
• the device 10 is also preferably set up and calibrated in such a way that the position and orientation of the marker element relative to the image capturing device (in the different perspectives) are precisely known in order to obtain an exact position of the contour of the frame edges 12a in the images captured by the image capturing device 16 to be able to determine as exactly as possible, although the relative position and / or orientation of the spectacle frame 12 to the image acquisition device 16 was not initially determined exactly.
• the marker element 32 can preferably serve to provide a reference point for determining the exact position and / or orientation of the contour (s) of the spectacle frame 12.
• FIGS. 3A to 3C show a holding device 28 of a device 10 according to a preferred embodiment in three different perspective representations.
• a spectacle frame 12 is fastened in a holding device 28 in such a way that three holding arms 30 of the holding device 28 fix the spectacle frame 12.
• the two rear holding arms 30, which fix the temples 12b of the glasses are rigid.
• the front holding arm 30 is, however, designed to be movable and enables the frame edges 12a to be raised and / or lowered in order to enable the acquisition of images of the frame edges 12a from a different perspective.
• the main handle for fixation the eyeglass frame 12 is accordingly clamped to the web of the eyeglass frame and fixes the eyeglass frame 12 even if its center of gravity changes.
• the frame is clamped on both temples 12b, so that flexible temples, such as, for example, with Titanflex glasses, do not obscure the field of view of the image acquisition device 16.
• the folding device 28 holds the spectacle frame in a horizontal position in front of the cameras 18 of the image capturing device 16.
• the glasses frame can be rotated by one or more breathe certain angles about a horizontal axis of rotation up and down by precisely defined angles, for example by means of a stepper motor.
• the image capturing device makes recordings of the frame and its frame edges for each discreet position.
• the algorithm can preferably be supported by means of various lighting setups of the frame edge.
• lighting can be used that include a fringe projection.
• the marker element 32 is designed as an integral part of the front holding arm 30, whereby a fixed positioning and Orientie tion of the mark element 32 relative to the holding device 28 is achieved in a simple manner.
• the lighting device 14 is also shown, which provides the lighting for the contactless determination of the contour (s) of the mounting groove 12c and for determining the vertex power and / or the spatially resolved power maps.
• FIGS. 4A and 4B show, by way of example, captured images of a spectacle frame, which show the frame edge 12a of the spectacle frame 12.
• the frame edges 12a were illuminated with transmitted light illumination, which clearly protrudes the frame groove 12c in the respective frame edges 12a in the images.
• FIG. 5B shows two enlarged views of sections of one of the frame edges 12a, which shows the frame groove 12c even more clearly.
• the socket grooves 12c can be recognized by shading different partial areas, since the socket grooves 12c cause a shadow to be cast due to the depression.
• the shadow cast can therefore be recognized and recorded in the recorded images as partial areas with different shading or different brightness. Partial areas with the same shading can therefore preferably be assigned to a surface element with high accuracy.
• the evaluation of the captured images is explained below using a preferred embodiment as an example.
• An image evaluation which is based on known methods for image segmentation, is designed to detect the image areas belonging to individual partial areas or area segments of the frame edge or the frame groove.
• Appropriate methods are known in the prior art and are described, for example, in the online encyclopedia Wikipedia under the term “image segmentation”.
• the edge detection can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a suitably trained neural network.
• a human expert annotates the edge of the frame and the edges of a large number of frames that are as different as possible.
• a neural The network is trained on the basis of this data in such a way that, in the case of unknown versions, the frame edge and the edges belonging to the spatial curves K1 to K5 are determined in the image.
• a two-stage method is advantageous, for example, in which the frame edge is determined in each case in the entire image and, based on the frame edge, a number of image windows along the frame edge is determined. It is advantageous to use image windows of a fixed size. The edges that belong to the spatial curves K2, K3, K4 in the image are thus each determined within the image window.
• a neural network instead of a neural network, for example, other machine learning methods can also be used, such as a main component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM).
• PCA main component analysis
• SVM support vector machines
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a determined or reconstructed contour of a mount groove 12c in a mount edge.
• a V-shaped profile section of the contour was assumed as a model and the determination of the shape edge contour was used as a basis.
• the contour is defined or determined by the spatial points P1 to P5.
• the spatial points P1, P2, P4 and P5 mark the edge of the mount, while P3 determines the bottom of the notch or recess of the mount groove 12c.
• the “V-shape” of the groove is therefore spanned in particular by the spatial points P2, P3 and P4 shown in the example.
• each cross-sectional position naturally has corresponding spatial points.
• the position of the spatial points P1 to P5 is determined by linking the respective points in the images that were captured from different predetermined perspectives. This can be done using triangulation.
• the contour is determined by the space curves K1 to K5, the space curves K1 to K5 running through the respective spatial points P1 to P5 and through all other spatial points which are arranged at the respective position of the cross section.
• the spatial curve K1 runs through the spatial point P1 and through all points which correspond to point P1 in a cross-section through the Fas sung edge at a different position along the edge of the mount.
• surface segments F1 to F4 are modeled, which run between the respective neighboring space curves. For example, the surface segment F1 runs between the spatial curves K1 and K2 etc.
• the contour 34 of the frame groove 12c can then be reproduced or determined and provided as information for the adaptation of the respective spectacle lens, for example for grinding.
• FIG. 6 shows, in a schematic representation, the acquisition of several images of the illuminated frame edge 12a from different predetermined perspectives according to a preferred embodiment.
• the image capturing device 16 is directed at the spectacle frame 12 or the frame edge 12a from two different perspectives, the two perspectives differing in that the image capturing device 16 is directed at the spectacle frame 12 from different positions or orientations.
• the different positions or orientations or perspectives correspond to different angular positions about the axis of rotation 200, the different angular positions including an angle ⁇ .
• FIG. 6 Although two image capturing devices 16 are shown in FIG. 6, this can be a single image capturing device 16 which, in both cases, is arranged in different positions relative to the spectacle frame 12.
• the different positions of the image capturing device 16 relative to the spectacle frame 12 can be realized by the mobility of the spectacle frame 12 and / or the image capturing device 16.
• the optical axis of the imaging device 16 is shown as a dashed line.
• the image capturing device 16 preferably has two cameras which are each directed at a frame edge 12a of the spectacle frame of the spectacle frame 12.
• an exemplary method for calibrating and for determining the contours of the frame grooves of the spectacle frame 12 or the function of the geometry evaluation unit is explained with reference to FIG.
• a first step an intrinsic calibration takes place, with the image capturing device 16 in particular being calibrated so that the assignment of camera pixels of the cameras of the image capturing device 16 to lines of sight in the coordinate system of the respective camera is known.
• Exemplary lines of sight are identified as S1 and S2.
• the position and orientation of the axis of rotation 200 is calibrated relative to the cameras of the image acquisition device 16 in the various positions and / or orientations around the axis of rotation 200 Board with printed checkerboard pattern, or with the help of a marker element 32 (see, for example, FIG. 2) with a fixed spatial reference to the socket, the spatial position and orientation of which can be determined relative to the image capturing device 16 with the aid of a single recorded image.
• the positions of the optical centers Z1 and Z2 and the axis A in space are known.
• an assignment of camera pixels of both images, i.e. the images from the two different perspectives, to lines of sight in space is known.
• epipolar planes are determined to determine the linkage of camera pixels of the image from the first perspective to planes from camera lines of sight of the image from the second perspective.
• epipolar geometry is known in the art as epipolar geometry and is explained, for example, in the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
• the total amount of epipolar planes always runs through both optical centers Z1 and Z2.
• a determination of the linkage of image points of the first image to sets of image points of the second image (in the general case, these pixel sets form epipolar curves; if additional image drawing is used as part of the intrinsic calibration, they form epipolar lines; if additional image rectification is used, these are located on the image columns of the second camera image).
• an image point Q1 is selected in the first camera image, ie the camera image from the first perspective, which belongs to any desired spatial point P on the frame edge on a spatial curve Kj.
• the basis for the selection of the image point Q1 are the polygonal lines provided by the image evaluation unit, which are assigned to spatial curves.
• An epipolar plane and a set of points M2 of image points of the second camera image, ie the image from the second perspective, which are each assigned to the image point Q1 or are linked to it, are then determined.
• the epipolar plane thus contains, in particular, the line of sight S1.
• the epipolar plane contains the spatial point P.
• the image point Q2 is then determined from the point set M2 on the basis of a polygon to the spatial curve Kj in the second image.
• a point of intersection can be determined, the epipolar curve or the epipolar plane being intersected at M2 with the polygon.
• the representation of the polygon can already be selected on the basis of the image columns so that the associated image point can be read off directly.
• the lines of sight S1 and S2 are triangulated. From the knowledge of Q1 and Q2, with the aid of the calibration information of the intrinsic calibration, sight ray S1 can be determined from Q1 and sight ray S2 can be determined from Q2. The point of smallest distance in space to S1 and S2 forms an approximation for the sought point P.
• the method described can then be carried out iteratively for all spatial points of the spatial curves in order to capture the entire contour.
• An efficient determination of the epipolar planes results from the use of image de-drawing in the context of intrinsic calibration and image rectification in the context of determining the epiopolar planes, so that the epipolar planes that are assigned to the pixels of an image column in the first image come together which are identical, and conversely, the epipolar planes that are assigned to the camera pixels of an image column in the second image are also identical.
• the triangulation of the lines of sight is carried out jointly for all spatial points P of a spatial curve, with the criterion of the smallest distance as an optimization target in the form of a term of a cost function in an iterative optimization.
• further terms can preferably be included in the cost function be included, such as a smoothness condition of the space curves. Since the groove is created as part of a manufacturing process, certain smoothness assumptions can be made, for example. A numerical calculation of tangential vectors on the space curves can be carried out and a measure of the differences between neighboring tangential vectors can be included in the cost function.
• Statistical dimensions are also possible, for example with the aid of a main component analysis over a large number of known groove shapes in eyeglass frames.
• the edge detection For the accuracy of the edge detection, no subpixel-accurate detection is used due to the blurring (defocus) and an optionally resulting low contrast of the contour line generated by the shading differences.
• the object-side pixel size is used here as a measure of the inaccuracy.
• the profile or the contour of the groove can also deviate from the V-shape assumed as a model insofar as the tip of the V has a radius of curvature.
• FIG. 7A shows, by way of example, a cross section of the frame edge of the spectacle frame detected by means of a CT scan, in which the tip or bottom of the socket groove has a radius of curvature r of 0.15 mm and the V angle has an angle of approximately 80 ° .
• Folding device 30 Folding arm 32 Marker element 34 Contour 100 Focal area of the image capture device 200 Rotation axis 300 Connection path between the upper ends of the “V” 400 Position of the gray value transition 500 nodes 600 circular arcs

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• 2019
  • 2019-10-15 EP EP19203172.2A patent/EP3809371A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2020
  • 2020-10-15 CN CN202080072103.2A patent/CN114556047A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-10-15 EP EP20789181.3A patent/EP4046133A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-10-15 WO PCT/EP2020/079067 patent/WO2021074308A1/de active Search and Examination
• 2022
  • 2022-04-13 US US17/719,489 patent/US20220316870A1/en active Granted

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