WO2021073430A1 - 电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021073430A1
WO2021073430A1 PCT/CN2020/119080 CN2020119080W WO2021073430A1 WO 2021073430 A1 WO2021073430 A1 WO 2021073430A1 CN 2020119080 W CN2020119080 W CN 2020119080W WO 2021073430 A1 WO2021073430 A1 WO 2021073430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
partition
explosion
protection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/119080
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄海华
方伍梅
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020227011965A priority Critical patent/KR102515477B1/ko
Priority to EP20877580.9A priority patent/EP3920255B1/en
Priority to JP2022523013A priority patent/JP7177299B2/ja
Publication of WO2021073430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021073430A1/zh
Priority to US17/488,472 priority patent/US11387519B2/en
Priority to US17/736,159 priority patent/US20220263180A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • Thermal runaway is an important issue that threatens the safety performance of battery products.
  • fireproof cotton is generally covered on the upper part of the battery pack to temporarily slow down the heat spread during thermal runaway. This method can play a certain protective role.
  • a technical problem to be solved by this application is to improve the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • this application provides a battery pack, which includes:
  • the partition structure is arranged in the cavity and divides the cavity into at least two containing areas, and the partition structure includes a first partition;
  • the battery row is arranged in the accommodating area and includes a plurality of batteries arranged side by side along the first direction.
  • the top cover of the battery is provided with an explosion-proof valve, and the first separator is located in two adjacent battery rows in the first direction.
  • the upper surface of the first separator is lower than the upper surface of the top cover in the height direction between the batteries, a recess is formed between the battery row and the first separator, and the first direction is perpendicular to the height direction;
  • the protective member includes a first protective part and a second protective part.
  • the first protective part covers all the explosion-proof valves of the battery row and is provided with a channel between the upper surface of the battery row and the channel is used to guide the fluid to flow in the first direction and It has a downward opening, and the second protection part closes the part of the opening facing the concave part.
  • the first protection portion includes a main body plate and two bent plates, and the two bent plates are respectively connected to opposite ends of the main body plate in the second direction and are both bent downward with respect to the main body plate.
  • the channel is located between the main body plate, the two bent plates and the upper surface of the battery row, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the height direction.
  • the cross section of the first protection part is in an inverted U shape.
  • the second protection portion includes a base plate, and the base plate closes the portion of the opening facing the recess.
  • the second protection part further includes an extension plate, which extends upward from the base plate and is connected to the first protection part.
  • the second protection portion includes two extension plates, and the two extension plates are respectively connected to two opposite ends of the base plate along the second direction and are both bent upward relative to the base plate, and both of the extension plates are Connected with the first protection part, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the height direction.
  • the two extension plates are respectively connected to the two bending plates of the first protection part.
  • the cross section of the second protection part is a positive U shape.
  • the battery pack further includes a box cover, the box cover is closed to the top of the box body, and an explosion-proof exhaust structure is provided on at least one of the two side plates of the box cover facing each other in the first direction, The explosion-proof exhaust structure communicates with the channel and is used to discharge the fluid flowing out of the channel to the outside of the battery pack.
  • the explosion-proof exhaust structure includes an explosion-proof valve or a weak part, the weak part is a part of the side plate and the strength of the weak part is lower than other parts of the side plate.
  • the battery pack further includes a box cover, the box cover is closed on the top of the box body, and the first protection part is connected with the box cover.
  • the partition structure further includes a second partition, the second partition intersects the first partition, and the second partition and the first partition jointly partition the cavity into at least two accommodating areas.
  • Another aspect of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes a power source and the battery pack of the present application.
  • the power source is used to provide power to the vehicle, and the battery pack is used to supply power to the power source.
  • the present application can effectively prevent the fluid generated by thermal runaway from flowing into the recessed portion, thereby more reliably achieving the directional discharge of thermal runaway fluid, and lifting the battery pack.
  • the safety performance can effectively prevent the fluid generated by thermal runaway from flowing into the recessed portion, thereby more reliably achieving the directional discharge of thermal runaway fluid, and lifting the battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a box, a partition structure, and a battery module in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the bottom structure of the case cover and the protective member in the battery pack of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of FIG. 2 with the first protection part omitted.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic bottom view of the structure of the protective member in Fig. 2.
  • Partition structure 31. The first partition; 32. The second partition;
  • Battery module 41, battery row; 41a, first battery row; 41b, second battery row; 411, battery; 411a, top cover; 411b, explosion-proof valve; 43, protective member; 431, first protective part; 431a, the main body plate; 431b, the bending plate; 432, the second protection part; 432a, the base plate; 432b, the extension plate;
  • FIGS 1-4 show a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery pack is used as a power device of the vehicle, which is arranged on the vehicle body and is used to provide electric power to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may include a power source that provides power to the vehicle; and a battery pack according to some embodiments, the battery pack is configured to provide power to the power source to provide electric power to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may include an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle or the like.
  • An electric vehicle may use an electric engine powered by electric energy output from a battery pack as a power source, and an electric vehicle may use a battery pack according to some embodiments to power the electric engine, for example, as a main power source and/or a backup power source.
  • Hybrid vehicles can use two or more types of power sources, such as internal combustion engines and electric motors, to provide power.
  • the coordinate system in Figure 1 is used to define the directions of the battery pack.
  • the coordinate axis H represents the height direction of the battery pack and is also the height of the storage box and the battery 411 in the storage box.
  • the terms “up”, “down”, “top”, “bottom”, etc. used in the following description to indicate the position or position relationship are all relative to the height direction H.
  • the battery pack The box cover 1 and the box body 2 are arranged oppositely along the height direction H, the direction of the box cover 1 relative to the box body 2 is up, and the direction of the box body 2 relative to the box cover 1 is down.
  • the battery pack of this embodiment includes a receiving box, a battery module 4, and the like.
  • the accommodating box is used for accommodating the battery module 4 and the like to provide protection for the battery module 4 inside.
  • the accommodating box includes a box body 2 and a box cover 1.
  • the box body 2 is provided with a cavity 2a for accommodating battery modules 4, etc., and the cavity 2a
  • the top of the box is open to facilitate the insertion or removal of the battery module 4; and the box cover 1 is closed on the top of the box body 2 to close the cavity 2a.
  • the box cover 1 and the box body 2 can be sealed and matched.
  • a sealing ring or other sealing elements can be arranged between the box cover 1 and the box body 2.
  • the box body 2 includes a bottom 21, a side 22 and an outer convex portion 23.
  • the side 22 and the bottom 21 enclose together to form a cavity 2a, wherein the side 22 is connected to the circumference of the bottom 21 and extends upward; and
  • the outer convex portion 23 is connected to one end of the side portion 22 and extends outward along the second direction L.
  • the side portion 22 and the bottom portion 21 are enclosed to form a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the inner rectangular parallelepiped cavity 2a is used for accommodating the battery module 4;
  • the outer convex portion 23 is trapezoidal in shape, and electronic components can be arranged on it to realize the alignment of the battery module. 4 Control of working modes such as charging and discharging.
  • the overall shape of the box cover 1 is compatible with the box body 2. It includes a rectangular part and a trapezoidal part.
  • the rectangular part includes a top plate 11 and a side plate 12 connected around the top plate 11 and extending downward, and the trapezoidal part is connected At one end of the side plate 12 and extending outward along the second direction L, a flange portion 13 is formed.
  • the box cover 1 faces upwards, and the side where the outer convex portion 23 and the flange portion 13 are located is arranged close to the front of the vehicle, that is, when the battery pack is installed on the vehicle, the height direction H is along The height direction of the vehicle body, and the second direction L is along the length direction of the vehicle body, which is also the direction in which the vehicle travels.
  • the battery module 4 is arranged in the cavity 2a and is a core component of the battery pack, and is used to provide electric energy for the vehicle. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, in this embodiment, the battery module 4 includes six battery rows 41, and the six battery rows 41 are arranged side by side along the second direction L.
  • each battery row 41 in this embodiment is the same. Therefore, only the structure of one of the battery rows 41 will be described below.
  • the battery row 41 includes a plurality of batteries 411, and the battery 411 includes a top cover 411a and an explosion-proof valve 411b provided on the top cover 411a.
  • the explosion-proof valve 411b can be opened by the gas, heat, flame and other high-temperature and high-pressure fluids (collectively referred to as gas) generated inside the battery 411, and the gas is discharged to the outside of the battery 411, so that the inside of the battery 411 The pressure is released from the top cover 411a.
  • All the batteries 411 in the battery row 41 are arranged side by side with the same orientation.
  • all the batteries 411 in the battery row 41 are arranged vertically, and the height direction H is along the vertical direction, which is consistent with the height direction of the box 11, and the top cover 411a is all facing upwards, in other words In other words, the top cover 411a faces the box cover 1 and faces away from the box body 2.
  • all the batteries 411 in the battery row 41 are arranged side by side along the first direction W to form a row.
  • the number of battery rows 41 in the battery module 4 is not limited to 6.
  • the battery module 4 may include one or at least two battery rows 41.
  • each battery row 41 41 are arranged side by side along the second direction L.
  • the battery pack of this embodiment includes a plurality of battery rows 41, and the number of batteries 411 in each battery row 41 is more than one. Therefore, the battery pack has a plurality of batteries 411, and the plurality of batteries 411 are in a row. Arranged in columns to form a multi-row and multi-column battery array.
  • the battery pack may further include a partition structure 3, which is arranged in the cavity 2a and divides the cavity 2a into There are at least two accommodating areas 2b, and the batteries 411 in the battery pack are grouped and arranged in different accommodating areas 2b. In this way, different groups of batteries 411 are respectively accommodated in different accommodating areas 2b, which is more orderly and convenient to place. At the same time, different groups of batteries 411 can be more reliably restricted by the partition structure 3.
  • the partition structure 3 of this embodiment includes a first partition 31, which extends along the second direction L, and divides the cavity 2a along the first direction W Arranged in different receiving areas 2b; and, the partition structure 3 further includes a second partition 32, the second partition 32 extends along the first direction W, and intersects the first partition 31, so that the second partition 32 further divide the receiving area 2b formed by the first partition 31, so that there are more receiving areas 2b in the cavity 2a, and these receiving areas 2b not only include the receiving areas 2b arranged along the first direction W At the same time, it also includes a receiving area 2b arranged along the second direction L.
  • different battery rows 41 can be grouped and housed in different accommodating areas 2b arranged along the second direction L, so as to realize the partition storage of the battery rows 41 of different groups, and
  • the batteries 411 in the same battery row 41 are grouped and accommodated along the first direction W in different accommodating areas 2b arranged along the first direction W, so as to realize the partition storage in the same battery row 41 along the first direction W.
  • the partition structure 3 includes a first partition 31 and two second partitions 32, and the two second partitions 32 are arranged side by side at intervals along the second direction L.
  • the first partition 31 is perpendicular to the two first partitions 31.
  • the partition structure 3 partitions the cavity 2a into 2 rows and 3 columns, a total of 6 accommodating areas 2b.
  • the six battery rows 41 arranged side by side in the second direction L are separated by two first separators 31, wherein the battery rows 41 are located on the same side of the same first separator 31 in pairs, and the same battery row 41 is located on the same side of the same first separator 31.
  • the first direction W is again separated by a second separator 32, that is, the first separator 31 is located between two adjacent batteries 411 in the battery row 41 along the first direction W, so that each battery row 41 is again separated by The second separator 32 separates the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b arranged along the first direction W, so that the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b in the same battery row 41 are also in different positions.
  • the containment area 2b is again separated by a second separator 32, that is, the first separator 31 is located between two adjacent batteries 411 in the battery row 41 along the first direction W, so that each battery row 41 is again separated by
  • the second separator 32 separates the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b arranged along the first direction W, so that the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b in the same battery row 41 are also in different positions.
  • the containment area 2b is also in different positions.
  • the first separator 31 is located in the middle of the battery row 41 along the first direction W, so that the batteries 411 in the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b The number is equal.
  • the number of the first partition 31 and the second partition 32 and the position of the first partition 31 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 3, for example, the number of the first partition 31 may also be at least two;
  • the number of second separators 32 can also vary with the number of groups of battery rows 41, generally one less than the number of groups of battery rows 41.
  • each The two partitions 32 are arranged side by side along the second direction L with an interval from each other; for another example, the first partition 31 may not be located in the middle of the battery row 41 along the first direction W, but close to those along the first direction W. One side is installed. At this time, the number of batteries 411 in the first battery row 41a and the second battery row 41b is no longer equal.
  • the first partition 31 and the second partition 32 may be configured as a beam structure.
  • the first partition 31 may be referred to as a longitudinal beam
  • the second partition 32 may be referred to as a cross beam.
  • the first partition 31 and the second partition 32 are both fixedly connected to the box body 2.
  • both the first partition 31 and the second partition 32 are fixedly connected to the bottom 21 of the box 2.
  • the upper surface of the first separator 31 is not flush with the upper surface of the top cover 411a of the battery 411, but is lower than the upper surface of the top cover 411a
  • a recess S is formed between the battery row 41 and the first separator 31.
  • the recess S is located on the upper surface of the top cover 411a of the first battery row 41a and the upper surface of the top cover 411a of the second battery row 41b.
  • the concave portion S may contain a signal collection line for electrically connecting the batteries 411 in each containing area 2b, so as to realize the collection and transmission of the temperature or voltage signal of each battery 411.
  • the produced gas will be discharged from the explosion-proof valve 411b on the top cover 411a. If the produced gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 411b is not guided, the flow direction and diffusion range of the produced gas will be both It cannot be controlled. It will flow in the height direction H, the first direction W, and the second direction L.
  • the battery pack of this embodiment further includes a protective member 43 for preventing the gas released by the explosion-proof valve 411b.
  • a protective member 43 for preventing the gas released by the explosion-proof valve 411b.
  • the gas released by the guide explosion-proof valve 411b is no longer discharged upwards, downwards, or along the second direction L, but mainly along the first direction W, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway and improving the safety performance of the battery pack. Improve the safety of passengers.
  • the number of the protection members 43 is the same as the number of the battery rows 41 and is arranged above the battery rows 41 in a one-to-one correspondence. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, corresponding to the six battery rows 41, the number of protective members 43 is also six, and each protective member 43 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery row 41, so that each protective member 43 can be used.
  • the produced gas released by the explosion-proof valve 411b corresponding to the battery row 41 is guided to be discharged along the first direction W.
  • the protection members 43 have the same structure, including a first protection part 431 and a second protection part 432.
  • the first protection part 431 covers all the explosion-proof valves 411b in the battery row 41, and the first protection part 431
  • a channel P is provided between the upper surface of the top cover 411a and the top cover 411a.
  • the channel P is used to guide the air flow along the first direction W and has an opening O facing downward, and the second protection portion 432 closes the concave portion S facing the opening O. part.
  • the first shielding portion 431 can prevent the gas generated from the battery row 41 from flowing upward or along the second direction L, and by providing the second shielding portion 432, the portion of the opening O facing the channel P facing the recessed portion S is closed. In turn, the gas produced by the explosion-proof valve 411b can no longer flow down into the recess S. Therefore, the protective member 43 of this embodiment can prevent the gas from spreading to the area outside the channel P, and guide the gas in the channel P more reliably. Flow along the first direction W to improve the safety of the battery pack and prevent the gas from directly impacting the passengers above, improving the safety of the vehicle.
  • the second protection portion 432 is provided to close the portion of the opening O of the passage P facing downwards that faces the concave portion S, which can prevent the gas generated from the explosion-proof valve 411b from entering the concave portion S, thereby preventing the gas generated from burning the signal in the concave portion S
  • the collection line or flow to other areas can effectively reduce the risk of secondary hazards such as short circuits, which further improves the safety performance of the battery pack.
  • the first protection portion 431 includes a main body plate 431a and two bent plates 431b.
  • the main body plate 431a extends along the first direction W, that is, the main body plate 431a extends along the battery 411 in the battery row 41.
  • the arrangement direction extends, and the two bent plates 431b are connected to the opposite ends of the main body plate 431a along the second direction L, and are bent downward relative to the main body plate 431a (that is, toward the direction close to the battery row 41) .
  • the two bending plates 431b support the main body plate 431a above the battery row 41, and the main body plate 431a, the two bending plates 431b, and the upper surface of the top cover 411a of the battery row 41 are formed along the first direction W
  • the extended channel P, the top of the channel P and both sides along the second direction L are closed, and although the lower part of the channel P has an opening O facing downward, most of the opening O is also covered by the top cover 411a of the battery row 41
  • the upper surface is closed, and only the two ends along the first direction W and the portion of the opening O facing the recess S are open.
  • the second protection portion 432 includes a base plate 432a, and the base plate 432a closes the portion of the opening O facing the concave portion S.
  • the part of the opening O facing the concave part S is no longer open, and the gas produced by the explosion-proof valve 411b can no longer enter the concave part S, destroy the signal collection line contained in the concave part S or flow to other areas, which can effectively avoid secondary circuits such as short circuits.
  • the main body plate 431a and the bending plate 431b of the first protection part 431 have the effect of closing the top of the channel P and the two sides along the second direction L, so that only the two ends of the channel P along the first direction W are open.
  • the gas produced by the explosion-proof valve 411b of the battery 411 can no longer flow upward or in the second direction L, and can no longer flow into the recess S , And can only flow out in the first direction W.
  • the first direction W is along the width of the car body instead of the front of the car or above where the passengers are. Therefore, the gas produced is guided in the width of the car body. Discharging in the direction can reduce the safety threat of gas production to passengers while safely discharging gas production.
  • the base plate 432a may be directly connected to the first protection part 431, for example, the base plate 432a may be directly connected to the two bent plates 431a; or the second protection part 432 may further include an extension plate 432b
  • the extension plate 432b extends upward from the base plate 432a and is connected to the first protection part 431, so that the base plate 432a can be connected to the first protection part 431 through the extension plate 432b.
  • the second protection portion 432 may include two extension plates 432b, and the two extension plates 432b are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the base plate 432a along the second direction L and are both bent upward relative to the base plate 432a.
  • the two extension plates 432b are both connected to the first protection portion 431.
  • the two extension plates 432a can be respectively connected to the two bent plates 431b of the first protection portion 431, so as to achieve a more stable alignment to the base plate 432a. fixed.
  • the two extension plates 432b are both located in the channel P, and are respectively connected to the corresponding bending plates 431b, so that the base plate 432a can pass through the inner surfaces of the two extension plates 432b and the two bending plates 431b.
  • at least one of the two extension plates 432b may be located outside the channel P.
  • the main body plate 431a and the bent plate 431b can be various plate structures such as a flat plate, a curved plate, or a special-shaped plate, and the cross section of the first protection portion 431 (that is, the cross section perpendicular to the first direction W) can be an inverted U shape. Or M-shaped and other shapes.
  • the cross section of the first protection portion 431 is in an inverted U shape.
  • the structure of the first protection portion 431 is relatively simple and the processing is relatively convenient.
  • the base plate 432a and the extension plate 432b can also have various plate structures such as flat plates, curved plates, or special-shaped plates.
  • the cross section of the second protection portion 432 (that is, the cross section perpendicular to the first direction W) can be U-shaped or W.
  • Various shapes such as type.
  • the cross-section of the second protection portion 432 is U-shaped.
  • the structure of the second protection portion 432 is simpler, the processing is more convenient, and it is more convenient to combine with the inverted U-shaped first protection portion.
  • the 431 connection realizes a more stable fixation of the second protection portion 432, and is beneficial to realize a tighter closure of the portion of the opening O facing the concave portion S.
  • the protective member 43 can be connected to the cover 1, for example, can be welded to the top plate 11 through the main body plate 431a, so as to realize the installation and fixation of the protective member 43, and facilitate the protective member 43 to more reliably protect the battery. All explosion-proof valves 411b in row 41 are covered.
  • the protective member 43 having an M-shaped cross-section and other shapes the protective member 43 having an inverted U-shaped cross-section has a larger area between the main body plate 431a and the top plate 11, so that it is convenient Realize stronger welding with the top plate 11.
  • the gas generated from the interior of the battery 411 can be prevented from spreading to the area outside the channel P when flowing in the channel P, so that the With the cooperation of the shielding part 431 and the second shielding part 432, the produced gas can flow smoothly along the first direction W to the two ends of the containing box along the first direction W, and the generated gas can flow from the two ends of the containing box along the first direction W.
  • the end discharge can more fully play the guiding role of the protective member 43, and achieve the function of preventing heat diffusion more effectively.
  • At least one of the two side plates 12 facing each other along the first direction W of the box cover 1 is provided with an explosion-proof exhaust
  • the gas structure 121, the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 communicates with the passage P and is used to discharge the fluid in the passage P to the outside of the battery pack.
  • the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 may include an explosion-proof valve, for example, a mounting hole may be provided on the side plate 12, and the explosion-proof valve may be installed in the mounting hole; or, the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 may include a weak portion, and the weak portion is a side plate The strength of a part of 12 and the weak part is lower than other parts of the side plate 12.
  • the weakened portion may be, for example, a groove or a score on the side plate 12.
  • the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 By arranging the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 on the side plate 12 in the first direction W, the produced gas derived from the passage P can be easily discharged through the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121, the smoothness of the exhaust is better, and the explosion-proof exhaust structure 121 can play a certain control effect on the discharge of the produced gas, for example, it can control the produced gas to be discharged when it reaches a preset pressure, which is beneficial to further improve the safety of the battery pack.
  • the protective member 43 can play a more effective role in guiding the air, and more reliably guide the produced gas to be directed and discharged along the desired first direction W to the explosion-proof exhaust gas located on the side plate 12.
  • the structure 121 releases the internal high temperature and high pressure of the battery 411 in time when it is thermally out of control to prevent the gas from spreading to undesired areas, reduce the risk of thermal runaway, improve the safety of the battery pack, and reduce the safety risk of passengers in the vehicle using the battery pack .

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Abstract

一种电池包和车辆，该电池包包括第一分隔件（31）、电池排（41）和防护构件（43），第一分隔件（31）位于电池排（41）中沿第一方向（W）相邻的两个电池（411）之间，且第一分隔件（31）的上表面低于顶盖（411a）的上表面，电池排（41）与第一分隔件（31）之间形成凹部（S），防护构件（43）包括第一防护部（431）和第二防护部（432），第一防护部（431）覆盖电池排（41）的所有防爆阀（411b）并与电池排（41）的上表面之间设有通道（P），通道（P）用于引导流体沿着第一方向（W）流动并具有朝下的开口（O），且第二防护部（432）封闭开口（O）的正对凹部（S）的部分。通过设置第二防护部（432）对通道（P）的朝下的开口（O）的正对凹部（S）的部分进行封闭，可以有效阻止热失控产生的流体流入凹部（S）中，更可靠地实现热失控流体的定向排放，提升电池包的安全性能。

Description

电池包和车辆
本申请要求于2019年10月15日提交中国专利局，申请号为201910975573.9，发明名称为“电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池包和车辆。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的蓬勃发展，对动力电池产品的需求日益增长，且电池产品的安全性能越来越受到重视。
热失控是威胁电池产品安全性能的重要问题，在传统的电池包中，一般会在电池包上部覆盖防火棉以暂时地减缓热失控时的热蔓延，这种方式虽然可以起到一定的防护作用，但存在气体流通不畅的问题，以致于热失控时产生的气体及火焰等流体会因无法及时排出而损伤电池包，甚至引发安全事故。
发明内容
本申请所要解决的一个技术问题是：提升电池包的安全性能。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种电池包，其包括：
箱体，内部设有空腔；
分隔结构，设置于空腔中，并将空腔分隔为包括至少两个容纳区，且分隔结构包括第一分隔件；
电池排，设置于容纳区内，并包括沿着第一方向并排布置的多个 电池，电池的顶盖上设有防爆阀，第一分隔件位于电池排中沿第一方向相邻的两个电池之间，且沿高度方向第一分隔件的上表面低于顶盖的上表面，电池排与第一分隔件之间形成凹部，第一方向垂直于高度方向；和
防护构件，包括第一防护部和第二防护部，第一防护部覆盖电池排的所有防爆阀并与电池排的上表面之间设有通道，通道用于引导流体沿着第一方向流动并具有朝下的开口，且第二防护部封闭开口的正对凹部的部分。
在一些实施例中，第一防护部包括主体板和两个弯折板，两个弯折板分别连接于主体板的沿第二方向相对的两端并均相对于主体板朝下弯折，通道位于主体板、两个弯折板以及电池排的上表面之间，第二方向垂直于第一方向及高度方向。
在一些实施例中，第一防护部的横截面呈倒U型。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部包括基体板，基体板封闭开口的正对凹部的部分。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部还包括延伸板，延伸板由基体板向上延伸并与第一防护部连接。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部包括两个延伸板，两个延伸板分别连接于基体板的沿第二方向相对的两端并均相对于基体板向上弯折，且两个延伸板均与第一防护部连接，第二方向垂直于第一方向及高度方向。
在一些实施例中，两个延伸板分别与第一防护部的两个弯折板连接。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部的横截面呈正U型。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括箱盖，箱盖盖合于箱体的顶部， 且箱盖的沿第一方向彼此相对的两个侧板中的至少一个上设有防爆排气结构，防爆排气结构与通道连通并用于将由通道流出的流体排出至电池包外部。
在一些实施例中，防爆排气结构包括防爆阀或薄弱部，薄弱部为侧板的一部分且薄弱部的强度低于侧板的其他部分。
在一些实施例中，电池包还包括箱盖，箱盖盖合于箱体的顶部，且第一防护部与箱盖连接。
在一些实施例中，分隔结构还包括第二分隔件，第二分隔件与第一分隔件相交设置，且第二分隔件与第一分隔件共同将空腔分隔为至少两个容纳区。
本申请另一方面还提供了一种车辆，其包括动力源和本申请的电池包，动力源用于为车辆提供动力，电池包用于为动力源供电。
通过设置第二防护部对通道的朝下的开口的正对凹部的部分进行封闭，本申请可以有效阻止热失控产生的流体流入凹部中，更可靠地实现热失控流体的定向排放，提升电池包的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出本申请一实施例电池包中箱体、分隔结构及电池模块的立体结构示意图。
图2示出图1所示实施例电池包中箱盖及防护构件的仰视结构示 意图。
图3示出图2中省略第一防护部后的俯视图。
图4示出图2中防护构件的仰视结构示意图。
图中：
1、箱盖；11、顶板；12、侧板；121、防爆排气结构；13、凸缘部；
2、箱体；2a、空腔；2b、容纳区；21、底部；22、侧部；23、外凸部；
3、分隔结构；31、第一分隔件；32、第二分隔件；
4、电池模块；41、电池排；41a、第一电池排；41b、第二电池排；411、电池；411a、顶盖；411b、防爆阀；43、防护构件；431、第一防护部；431a、主体板；431b、弯折板；432、第二防护部；432a、基体板；432b、延伸板；
P、通道；O、开口；S、凹部；H、高度方向；W、第一方向；L、第二方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有开展创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说 明书的一部分。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
图1-4示出了本申请一实施例的电池包。在该图示实施例中，电池包用作车辆的动力装置，其设置在车体上，用于为车辆提供电动动力。在一些实施例中，车辆可包括动力源，该动力源向车辆提供动力；和根据一些实施例的电池包，该电池包被配置为向动力源供电，以为车辆提供电动动力。车辆可以包括电动车辆或混合动力车辆等。电动车辆可使用由从电池包输出的电能提供动力的电动发动机作为动力源，电动车辆可使用根据一些实施例的电池包来为电动发动机供电，例如作为主动力源和/或备用动力源。混合动力车辆可使用两个或更多种类的动力源，例如内燃机和电动马达，以提供动力。
为了在接下来能够清楚地描述各方位，利用图1中的坐标系对电池包的各方向进行了定义，坐标轴H表示电池包的高度方向，同时也是容纳箱及容纳箱中电池411的高度方向；坐标轴W垂直于坐标轴H，被称为第一方向，表示电池包的宽度方向；坐标轴L垂直于坐标轴H和坐标轴W，被称为第二方向，表示电池包的长度方向。
基于上述方位定义，接下来的描述中所采用的“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等表示方位或位置关系的名词，均相对于高度方向H而言，其中，电池包的箱盖1和箱体2沿着高度方向H相对布置，箱盖1相对于箱体2所在的方向为上，箱体2相对于箱盖1所在的方向 为下。
然而，应当理解，前述方位定义仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
如图1-4所示，该实施例的电池包包括容纳箱和电池模块4等。
其中，容纳箱用于容置电池模块4等，为内部的电池模块4提供保护。如图1和图2所示，在该实施例中，容纳箱包括箱体2和箱盖1，箱体2内部设有用于容置电池模块4等的空腔2a，并且，该空腔2a的顶部敞开，方便电池模块4的放入或取出；而箱盖1则盖合于箱体2的顶部，对空腔2a进行封闭。箱盖1与箱体2之间可以密封配合，例如箱盖1与箱体2之间可以设置密封圈等密封件。
由图1可知，箱体2包括底部21、侧部22和外凸部23，侧部22和底部21一起围合形成空腔2a，其中侧部22连接于底部21的四周并向上延伸；而外凸部23则连接于侧部22的一端并沿着第二方向L向外延伸。具体地，侧部22和底部21围合形成中空长方体形，内部的长方体形空腔2a用于容纳电池模块4；外凸部23呈梯形，其上可以设置电子元器件，以实现对电池模块4充放电等工作模式的控制。
由图2可知，箱盖1的整体形状与箱体2相适应，其包括矩形部和梯形部，矩形部包括顶板11和连接于顶板11四周并向下延伸的侧板12，梯形部则连接于侧板12的一端并沿着第二方向L向外延伸，形成凸缘部13。
箱盖1盖合于箱体2上时，箱盖1的侧板12与箱体2的侧部22配合，箱盖1的凸缘部13与箱体2的外凸部23配合，实现对空腔2a的封闭。
而容纳箱布置于车体上时，箱盖1朝上，且外凸部23及凸缘部13所在的一侧靠近车头布置，即，当电池包安装于车辆上时，高度方向H沿着车体的高度方向，且第二方向L沿着车体的长度方向，也是车辆行驶的方向。
电池模块4设置在空腔2a中，为电池包的核心组成部分，用于为车辆提供电能。如图1和图3所示，在该实施例中，电池模块4包括6个电池排41，这6个电池排41沿着第二方向L并排布置。
为了简化结构，该实施例中各电池排41的结构均相同。因此，接下来仅对其中一个电池排41的结构予以说明。
如图3所示，电池排41包括多个电池411，电池411包括顶盖411a和设置于顶盖411a上的防爆阀411b。在电池411发生热失控时，防爆阀411b可以被电池411内部产生的气体、热量及火焰等高温高压流体(统称为产气)冲开，将产气排出至电池411外部，使得电池411内部的压力得以从顶盖411a处释放。
电池排41中的所有电池411朝向相同地并列布置。在图1和图3中，电池排41中的所有电池411均竖向布置，其高度方向H沿着竖直方向，与箱体11的高度方向一致，且顶盖411a均朝上，换句话说，顶盖411a均朝向箱盖1，而背离箱体2。同时，电池排41中的所有电池411沿着第一方向W并排布置，成为一排。
需要说明的是，电池模块4中电池排41的数量不局限于6个，实际上，电池模块4可以包括一个或至少两个电池排41，当包括至少两个电池排41时，各电池排41沿着第二方向L并排布置。
如前所述，该实施例的电池包包括多个电池排41，且每个电池排41中电池411的数量不止一个，因此，电池包中具有多个电池411，且这多个电池411成行成列排布，形成多行多列的电池阵列。
为了实现对电池包中多个电池411更有序的存放，如图1和3所示，电池包可以还包括分隔结构3，分隔结构3设置于空腔2a中并将空腔2a分隔为包括至少两个容纳区2b，电池包中的电池411分组设置于不同的容纳区2b中。这样，不同组电池411分别容置于不同的容纳区2b中，更加有序，也方便摆放，同时还能利用分隔结构3对不同组电池411进行更可靠地限位。
其中，由图1和图3可知，该实施例的分隔结构3包括第一分隔件31，第一分隔件31沿着第二方向L延伸，将空腔2a分隔为具有沿着第一方向W排布的不同容纳区2b；并且，分隔结构3还包括第二分隔件32，第二分隔件32沿着第一方向W延伸，并与第一分隔件31相交布置，这样，第二分隔件32对由第一分隔件31分隔形成的容纳区2b进行进一步地分隔，使得空腔2a内具有更多的容纳区2b，这些容纳区2b中不仅包括沿第一方向W排布的容纳区2b，同时还包括沿第二方向L排布的容纳区2b。
在将电池411分组放置于空腔2a中时，可以将不同电池排41分组容置于沿第二方向L排布的不同的容纳区2b中，实现不同组电池排41的分区存储，并将同一电池排41中的电池411沿第一方向W分组容置于沿第一方向W排布的不同容纳区2b中，实现同一电池排41内部沿第一方向W的分区存储。
具体在图示实施例中，由图3可知，分隔结构3包括一个第一分隔件31和两个第二分隔件32，两个第二分隔件32沿着第二方向L彼此间隔地并排布置，第一分隔件31则与两个第一分隔件31均垂直。这样，在第一分隔件31和第二分隔件32的作用下，分隔结构3将空腔2a分隔为2行3列共6个容纳区2b。沿第二方向L并排布置的6个电池排41之间通过2个第一分隔件31加以区隔，其中电池排41 两两位于同一第一分隔件31的同一侧，而同一电池排41在第一方向W上又通过一个第二分隔件32加以区隔，即第一分隔件31位于电池排41中沿第一方向W相邻的两个电池411之间，使得各电池排41又被第二分隔件32分隔为沿着第一方向W排布的第一电池排41a和第二电池排41b，从而使得同一电池排41中的第一电池排41a和第二电池排41b也处于不同的容纳区2b。
更具体地，如图3所示，在该实施例中，第一分隔件31沿第一方向W位于电池排41的正中间，使得第一电池排41a和第二电池排41b中的电池411数量相等。
应当理解，第一分隔件31和第二分隔件32的数量以及第一分隔件31的位置并不局限于图3所示，例如，第一分隔件31的数量也可以为至少两个；再例如，第二分隔件32的数量也可随电池排41的组数变化，一般比电池排41的组数少一即可，其中当第二分隔件32的数量为至少两个时，各第二分隔件32彼此间隔地沿着第二方向L并排布置；又例如，第一分隔件31也可以不位于电池排41的沿第一方向W的正中间，而是靠近沿第一方向W的一侧设置，此时第一电池排41a和第二电池排41b中电池411的数量不再相等。
其中，第一分隔件31和第二分隔件32可以被构造为梁结构，在图3中，第一分隔件31可以称为纵梁，而第二分隔件32可以称为横梁。此外，第一分隔件31和第二分隔件32均与箱体2固定连接。具体地，第一分隔件31和第二分隔件32均与箱体2的底部21固定连接。
并且，由图1可知，在该实施例中，沿高度方向H，第一分隔件31的上表面并不平齐于电池411的顶盖411a的上表面，而是低于顶盖411a的上表面，此时，电池排41与第一分隔件31之间形成凹部 S，具体地，凹部S位于第一电池排41a的顶盖411a的上表面、第二电池排41b的顶盖411a的上表面及第一分隔件31的上表面之间。该凹部S中可以容置用于电连接各容纳区2b中的电池411的信号采集线，以实现各电池411的温度或电压信号的采集和传输。
如前所述，电池411发生热失控时，产气会从顶盖411a上的防爆阀411b排出，如若不对由防爆阀411b喷出的产气进行引导，则产气的流动方向及扩散范围均无法受到控制，在高度方向H、第一方向W及第二方向L上均会流动，然而其中，向上流动时，会直接冲击位于电池包上方的乘客，威胁乘客的生命安全；而沿第二方向L流动时，不仅可能引发其他电池排41的失效，同时还会流动到车头下方，进一步加剧对乘客的危害；另外，在该实施例中，第一电池排41a、第二电池排41b和第一分隔件31之间存在凹部S，产气还会向下流入凹部S中，烧坏凹部S中的信号采集线，甚至引发短路等二次危险的发生。
所以，为了防止由防爆阀411b喷出的产气影响电池包及乘客的安全性，该实施例的电池包还包括防护构件43，该防护构件43用于对防爆阀411b所释放的产气进行定向引导，引导防爆阀411b所释放的产气不再向上、向下或沿着第二方向L排出，而主要沿着第一方向W排出，进而降低热失控风险，改善电池包的安全性能，提高乘客的安全性。
防护构件43的数量与电池排41的数量相同并与电池排41一一对应地布置于电池排41的上方。具体地，如图1所示，与6个电池排41相应，防护构件43的数量也为6个，各防护构件43与各电池排41一一对应地布置，使得可以利用每个防护构件43引导对应电池排41的防爆阀411b所释放的产气沿着第一方向W排出。
在该实施例中，各防护构件43的结构相同，均包括第一防护部431和第二防护部432，第一防护部431覆盖电池排41中的所有防爆阀411b，且第一防护部431与顶盖411a的上表面之间设有通道P，通道P用于引导气流沿着第一方向W流动并具有朝下的开口O，而第二防护部432则封闭开口O的正对凹部S的部分。
第一防护部431可以阻止电池排41的产气向上或沿着第二方向L流动，并且，通过设置第二防护部432对通道P朝下的开口O的正对凹部S的部分进行封闭，又使得防爆阀411b的产气无法再向下流动至凹部S中，因此，该实施例的防护构件43可以阻止产气蔓延到通道P之外的区域，更可靠地引导产气在通道P中沿着第一方向W流动，改善电池包的使用安全性，并防止产气直接冲击上方乘客，提升车辆的安全性。
并且，设置第二防护部432对通道P朝下的开口O的正对凹部S的部分进行封闭，可以阻止防爆阀411b的产气流入凹部S中，从而可以防止产气烧毁凹部S中的信号采集线或流向其他区域，有效降低短路等二次危险的发生风险，这也进一步提升电池包的安全性能。
具体地，如图4所示，第一防护部431包括主体板431a和两个弯折板431b，主体板431a沿着第一方向W延伸，即主体板431a沿着电池排41中电池411的排布方向延伸，两个弯折板431b连接于主体板431a的沿着第二方向L相对的两端，并均相对于主体板431a朝下(即朝着靠近电池排41的方向)弯折。基于此，两个弯折板431b将主体板431a支撑于电池排41的上方，主体板431a、两个弯折板431b及电池排41的顶盖411a的上表面之间形成沿第一方向W延伸的通道P，通道P的顶部及沿第二方向L的两侧均被封闭，且通道P的下部虽然具有朝下的开口O，但开口O的大部分也被电池排41的 顶盖411a上表面封闭，而只有沿第一方向W的两端以及开口O的正对凹部S的部分敞开。
而第二防护部432包括基体板432a，基体板432a封闭开口O的正对凹部S的部分。这样，开口O的正对凹部S的部分不再敞开，防爆阀411b的产气无法再进入凹部S中破坏容置于凹部S中的信号采集线或流向其他区域，可以有效避免短路等二次风险，并且，加之第一防护部431的主体板431a和弯折板431b对通道P顶部及沿第二方向L两侧的封闭作用，使得通道P只有沿第一方向W的两端是敞开的，从而在第一防护部431和第二防护部432的共同作用下，由电池411的防爆阀411b冲出的产气不仅无法再向上或沿第二方向L流出，也无法再流入凹部S中，而只能沿第一方向W流出，由于安装于车体上时，第一方向W沿着车体的宽度方向，而非车头方向或乘客所在的上方，因此，引导产气在车体宽度方向上排放，能够在安全排泄产气的同时，降低产气对乘客的安全威胁。
为了实现对基体板432a的固定，基体板432a可以直接与第一防护部431连接，例如基体板432a可以直接与两个弯折板431a连接；或者，第二防护部432可以还包括延伸板432b，延伸板432b由基体板432a向上延伸并与第一防护部431连接，使得基体板432a可以通过延伸板432b与第一防护部431连接。作为其中的一种方式，第二防护部432可以包括两个延伸板432b，两个延伸板432b分别连接于基体板432a的沿第二方向L相对的两端并均相对于基体板432a向上弯折，且两个延伸板432b均与第一防护部431连接，例如，两个延伸板432a可以分别与第一防护部431的两个弯折板431b连接，以实现对基体板432a更平稳地固定。
具体在图4中，两个延伸板432b均位于通道P中，并分别与对 应的弯折板431b连接，使得基体板432a可以通过两个延伸板432b与两个弯折板431b的内侧板面连接；而作为替代，也可以两个延伸板432b中的至少一个位于通道P外侧。
其中，主体板431a、弯折板431b可以为平板、曲面板或异形板等各种板体结构，第一防护部431的横截面(即垂直于第一方向W的截面)可以呈倒U型或M型等各种形状。例如，在图3中，第一防护部431的横截面呈倒U型，相对于其他形状，第一防护部431的结构较为简单，加工较为方便。
而基体板432a、延伸板432b也可以为平板、曲面板或异形板等各种板体结构，第二防护部432的横截面(即垂直于第一方向W的截面)可以呈正U型或W型等各种形状。例如，在图4中，第二防护部432的横截面呈正U型，相对于其他形状，第二防护部432的结构较为简单，加工较为方便，且更便于与倒U型的第一防护部431连接，实现对第二防护部432更平稳的固定，且有利于实现对开口O正对凹部S的部分的更严密地封闭。
为了方便对防护构件43进行限位，防护构件43可以与箱盖1连接，例如可以通过主体板431a焊接于顶板11上，以实现防护构件43的安装固定，方便防护构件43更可靠地对电池排41中的所有防爆阀411b进行覆盖。与横截面呈M型等其他形状的防护构件43相比，横截面呈倒U型的防护构件43，其主体板431a与顶板11之间可以基于较大的面积更紧密地接触，因此，便于实现与顶板11更牢固的焊接。
由以上可知，通过在第一防护部431的基础上设置第二防护部432，可以阻止电池411内部冲出的产气在通道P中流动时蔓延至通道P以外的区域，使得在在第一防护部431和第二防护部432的配合 下，产气可以顺利地沿着第一方向W流动至容纳箱的沿第一方向W的两端，并由容纳箱的沿第一方向W的两端排出，更充分地发挥防护构件43的定向导气作用，更有效地达到防止热扩散的功能。
而为了进一步方便产气排出至容纳箱外部，如图1所示，在该实施例中，箱盖1的沿第一方向W彼此相对的两个侧板12中的至少一个上设有防爆排气结构121，防爆排气结构121与通道P连通并用于将通道P中的流体排出至电池包外部。其中，防爆排气结构121可以包括防爆阀，例如可以在侧板12上设置安装孔，并将防爆阀安装于安装孔中；或者，防爆排气结构121可以包括薄弱部，薄弱部为侧板12的一部分且薄弱部的强度低于侧板12的其他部分。薄弱部例如可以为侧板12上的凹槽或刻痕等。
通过在位于第一方向W上的侧板12上设置防爆排气结构121，使得由通道P导出的产气可以方便地经由防爆排气结构121排出，排出顺畅性更好，且防爆排气结构121可以对产气的排出起到一定的控制作用，例如可以控制产气达到预设压力时才被排出，这有利于进一步提高电池包的使用安全性。
综上可知，在本申请中，防护构件43可以起到更有效的定向导气作用，更可靠地引导产气沿着所期望的第一方向W定向排放至位于侧板12上的防爆排气结构121，及时释放电池411热失控时的内部高温高压，防止产气蔓延至不期望的区域，降低热失控风险，提高电池包的使用安全性，降低应用该电池包的车辆中乘客的安全风险。
以上所述仅为本申请的示例性实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池包，包括：
    箱体(2)，内部设有空腔(2a)；
    分隔结构(3)，设置于所述空腔(2a)中，并将所述空腔(2a)分隔为包括至少两个容纳区(2b)，且所述分隔结构(3)包括第一分隔件(31)；
    电池排(41)，设置于所述容纳区(2b)内，所述电池排(41)包括沿着第一方向(W)并排布置的多个电池(411)，所述电池(411)的顶盖(411a)上设有防爆阀(411b)，所述第一分隔件(31)位于所述电池排(41)中沿所述第一方向(W)相邻的两个电池(411)之间，且沿高度方向(H)所述第一分隔件(31)的上表面低于所述顶盖(411a)的上表面，所述电池排(41)与所述第一分隔件(31)之间形成凹部(S)，所述第一方向(W)垂直于所述高度方向(H)；和
    防护构件(43)，包括第一防护部(431)和第二防护部(432)，所述第一防护部(431)覆盖所述电池排(41)的所有防爆阀(411b)并与所述顶盖(411a)的上表面之间设有通道(P)，所述通道(P)用于引导流体沿着所述第一方向(W)流动并具有朝下的开口(O)，且所述第二防护部(432)封闭所述开口(O)的正对所述凹部(S)的部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其中，所述第一防护部(431)包括主体板(431a)和两个弯折板(431b)，所述两个弯折板(431b)分别连接于所述主体板(431a)的沿第二方向(L)相对的两端并均相对于所述主体板(431a)朝下弯折，所述通道(P)位于所述主体 板(431a)、所述两个弯折板(431b)以及所述顶盖(411a)的上表面之间，所述第二方向(L)垂直于所述第一方向(W)及所述高度方向(H)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其中，所述第一防护部(431)的横截面呈倒U型。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的电池包，其中，所述第二防护部(432)包括基体板(432a)，所述基体板(432a)封闭所述开口(O)的正对所述凹部(S)的部分。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包，其中，所述第二防护部(432)还包括延伸板(432b)，所述延伸板(432b)由所述基体板(432a)向上延伸并与所述第一防护部(431)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其中，所述第二防护部(432)包括两个所述延伸板(432b)，所述两个延伸板(432b)分别连接于所述基体板(432a)的沿第二方向(L)相对的两端并均相对于所述基体板(432a)向上弯折，且所述两个延伸板(432b)均与所述第一防护部(431)连接，所述第二方向(L)垂直于所述第一方向(W)及所述高度方向(H)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包，其中，所述两个延伸板(432b)分别与所述第一防护部(431)的两个弯折板(431b)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6-7任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述第二防护部(432)的横截面呈正U型。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括箱盖(1)，所述箱盖(1)盖合于所述箱体(2)的顶部，且所述箱盖(1)的沿所述第一方向(W)彼此相对的两个侧板(12)中的至少一个上设有防爆排气结构(121)，所述防爆排气结构(121) 与所述通道(P)连通并用于将由所述通道(P)流出的流体排出至所述电池包外部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池包，其中，所述防爆排气结构(121)包括防爆阀或薄弱部，所述薄弱部为所述侧板(12)的一部分且所述薄弱部的强度低于所述侧板(12)的其他部分。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包还包括箱盖(1)，所述箱盖(1)盖合于所述箱体(2)的顶部，且所述第一防护部(431)与所述箱盖(1)连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池包，其中，所述分隔结构(3)还包括第二分隔件(32)，所述第二分隔件(32)与所述第一分隔件(31)相交设置，且所述第二分隔件(32)与所述第一分隔件(31)共同将所述空腔(2a)分隔为所述至少两个容纳区(2b)。
  13. 一种车辆，包括：
    动力源，所述动力源为所述车辆提供动力；以及
    如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池包，所述电池包被配置为向所述动力源供电。
PCT/CN2020/119080 2019-10-15 2020-09-29 电池包和车辆 WO2021073430A1 (zh)

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CN112331981A (zh) 2021-02-05
EP3920255A4 (en) 2022-06-08
JP7177299B2 (ja) 2022-11-22
KR20220062597A (ko) 2022-05-17
KR102515477B1 (ko) 2023-03-29
US20220021063A1 (en) 2022-01-20
CN112331981B (zh) 2021-09-17
EP3920255B1 (en) 2023-06-28
JP2022545135A (ja) 2022-10-25

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