WO2021068709A1 - 一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置 - Google Patents

一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021068709A1
WO2021068709A1 PCT/CN2020/114930 CN2020114930W WO2021068709A1 WO 2021068709 A1 WO2021068709 A1 WO 2021068709A1 CN 2020114930 W CN2020114930 W CN 2020114930W WO 2021068709 A1 WO2021068709 A1 WO 2021068709A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main body
enclosure frame
connecting pieces
fireproof member
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/114930
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨烁
林成金
吴友鑫
季进清
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2022520922A priority Critical patent/JP7386338B2/ja
Priority to EP20875536.3A priority patent/EP3934011B1/en
Priority to KR1020227012244A priority patent/KR102708932B1/ko
Publication of WO2021068709A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068709A1/zh
Priority to US17/715,783 priority patent/US12107288B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a fireproof member, a battery pack, and a device using a battery as a power source.
  • Electric vehicles mainly use high voltage provided by battery packs as power sources.
  • the entire industry has higher and higher safety requirements for the batteries in the battery pack. This is because during the use of the battery pack, if the battery in the battery pack is affected by factors such as short circuit and high temperature, high-pressure gas is easily generated inside the battery, which can easily cause thermal runaway and cause accidents such as combustion and explosion.
  • the existing battery packs are usually equipped with fireproof components, and the fireproof components are generally mica boards, fireproof cloths, etc., and when the mica boards, fireproof cloths, etc. are locked by bolts
  • the connection part with the battery pack is prone to problems such as crushing and cracking under the locking action of the bolts.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a fireproof member, a battery pack, and a device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the fireproof member has a simple structure and is easy to form, thereby improving production efficiency.
  • the fireproof member is applied to the battery
  • the battery pack is packed, the problems of crushing and cracking of the fireproof member are avoided, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • the fireproof component includes a main body and a surrounding frame.
  • the enclosure frame has a main body, an extension, and an opening.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the main body encloses an opening.
  • the extension is located on the outer periphery of the main body and connected to the outer peripheral surface of the main body, and the extension extends in the third direction and protrudes from the main body. unit.
  • the main body covers the opening of the enclosure frame and is connected to the main body.
  • the main body and the enclosure frame are separate parts, and the connection between the fireproof member and the battery module is realized by the screw connection of the enclosure frame and the battery module, the main body does not need to be fixed to the battery module, thus avoiding the connection between the main body and the battery module.
  • the main body is prone to problems such as crushing, cracking, etc., thereby improving the safety of the fireproof member.
  • the main body is located on the side of the main body of the enclosure in the third direction. Or, the main body is accommodated in the opening.
  • the main body is located on the side of the main body of the enclosure in the third direction.
  • the main body is provided with a first connection hole
  • the main body is provided with a second connection hole
  • the main body is connected to the main body through the second connection hole and the first connection hole to realize the connection between the main body and the enclosure frame.
  • the main body of the enclosure frame is further provided with a third connecting hole, and the third connecting hole is arranged close to the extension part relative to the first connecting hole.
  • the body is also provided with an escape groove, and the escape groove is used to expose the third connecting hole to the body, so that when the main body of the enclosure frame is fixedly connected to the battery module through the third connecting hole, the body is not directly fixed to the battery module.
  • the connection prevents the main body from being damaged during the connection process, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection between the fireproof member and the battery module.
  • the main body is a mica board, and the mica board has high temperature resistance characteristics, thereby improving the high temperature resistance of the main body.
  • the enclosure frame includes a plurality of connecting pieces, which are spliced and connected in sequence, and each connecting piece has a first plate portion and a second plate portion, and the second plate portion extends in the third direction and protrudes from the first plate portion.
  • the first plate portions of all the connecting pieces constitute the main body of the enclosure, and the second plate portions of all the connecting pieces constitute the extension of the enclosure.
  • a plurality of connecting pieces are sequentially spliced to form an enclosure frame. When a connecting element in the enclosure frame is damaged, the connecting element can be replaced without replacing the entire enclosure frame, which reduces the replacement cost.
  • Each connecting piece is a sheet metal piece.
  • the sheet metal parts are formed by stamping, and the process is mature, which is conducive to improving the production efficiency of the enclosure.
  • the end of one of the two adjacent connecting pieces is provided with a positioning groove, and the positioning groove accommodates the end of the other of the two adjacent connecting pieces, wherein the positioning groove is convenient for the adjacent
  • the two connecting pieces are positioned during installation.
  • the plurality of connecting pieces includes two first connecting pieces and two second connecting pieces.
  • the two first connecting pieces are arranged at intervals in the first direction, and the two second connecting pieces are arranged at intervals in the second direction.
  • the two connecting pieces connect the two first connecting pieces.
  • the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes a battery module and the above-mentioned fireproof member, and the body of the fireproof member and the main body part of the enclosure frame are located above the battery module, and the extension part is located on the outer side of the battery module in the circumferential direction.
  • the main body of the frame is fixedly connected to the battery module.
  • the battery module is fixed to the surrounding frame to realize the fixing of the battery module and the fireproof member, and to avoid the fixing of the battery module to the body, which is prone to problems such as crushing and cracking.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of batteries, and each battery is provided with an explosion-proof valve.
  • the thickness of the body of the fireproof component corresponding to the explosion-proof valve is greater than the thickness of the part of the body located outside the explosion-proof valve to prevent the body from being damaged by high-temperature and high-pressure gas discharged from the explosion-proof valve of the battery when the battery module is thermally out of control.
  • the multiple battery modules are arranged in at least one row of module units. Fireproof components are arranged on each row of module units.
  • the present application also provides a device using a battery as a power source, which includes: a power source for providing driving force for the device; and the above-mentioned battery pack configured to provide electric energy to the power source.
  • main body and the enclosure frame of the fire protection component are separate parts, different materials can be used for the two and they can be molded separately through different molding processes, so that both the main body and the enclosure frame can select appropriate molding processes based on their own materials.
  • This is not only beneficial to shorten the overall molding time of the fireproof component and improve the production efficiency, but also can ensure the structural strength of the frame of the fireproof component, so that when the frame is fixedly connected to the battery module, the body does not need to be fixed to the battery module. This avoids problems such as crushing and cracking of the main body when the main body is fixed to the battery module, thereby improving the safety of the fireproof component, and further improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack installed with the fireproof component.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the battery pack of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the fireproof member and the battery module in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the fire prevention member in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the fireproof member in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the fireproof member in another embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is an assembly diagram of the enclosure frame in Fig. 5.
  • the device using a battery as a power source of the present application includes a battery pack and a power source.
  • the power source is used to provide driving force for the device, and the battery pack is configured to provide electric energy to the power source.
  • the device may be a mobile device such as a vehicle, a ship, a small aircraft, etc.
  • the power source may be a battery pack and an engine, and the driving force provided by the power source may be all electric energy, or may include electric energy and other energy sources (for example, mechanical energy). Therefore, any device that uses a battery as a power source falls within the protection scope of this application.
  • the vehicle in the embodiment of the present application may be a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle.
  • the vehicle may include a vehicle body, a drive motor, a battery pack, a transmission mechanism, and wheels.
  • the battery pack and the drive motor are arranged on the vehicle body, and the battery pack is electrically connected to the drive motor to provide power to the drive motor.
  • the drive motor is connected to the drive motor through the transmission mechanism.
  • the wheels on the main body of the vehicle are connected to drive the vehicle.
  • the battery pack may be horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the battery pack includes a fireproof member 1, a battery module 2, an upper case 3 and a lower case 4.
  • the fireproof member 1 can be fixedly connected to the battery module 2 by bolts, and the lower box body 4 is assembled to the upper box body 3 and accommodates the battery module 2 and the fireproof member 1 together with the upper box body 3.
  • the battery module 2 includes a plurality of batteries. When the battery in the battery module 2 is thermally out of control, the fireproof member 1 can effectively slow down the thermal runaway of the battery, thereby avoiding the occurrence of accidents such as combustion and explosion, thereby improving The safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • the number of battery modules 2 may be one or more.
  • the multiple battery modules 2 can be arranged into at least one row of module units M, and the fireproof member 1 can be arranged on each row of module units M, such as As shown in Figure 2.
  • the fire prevention member 1 may include a body 11 (made of a flame-retardant material) and an enclosure frame 12.
  • the surrounding frame 12 has a main body portion 12A, an extension portion 12B, and an opening 12C.
  • the main body portion 12A is a loop-shaped structure, and the inner peripheral surface of the main body portion 12A encloses the opening 12C.
  • the extension portion 12B is located on the circumferential outer side of the main body portion 12A and is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the main body portion 12A, and the extension portion 12B extends along the third The direction Z extends and protrudes from the main body portion 12A.
  • the main body 11 covers the opening 12C of the enclosure frame 12 and is connected to the main body 12A. Specifically, the main body 11 may be connected to the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 by riveting, welding or bolting.
  • the body 11 of the fireproof member 1 and the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 are located above the battery module 2, the extension portion 12B is located outside the battery module 2 in the circumferential direction, and the main body of the enclosure frame 12
  • the part 12A can be fixedly connected to the battery module 2 by bolts.
  • the fireproof member 1 can effectively slow down the diffusion speed of the battery thermal runaway; and, because of the main body 12A of the enclosure frame 12 Formed into an L-shaped structure together with the extension portion 12B, the enclosure frame 12 can guide the flame to spray downward, thereby preventing the flame from damaging the upper case 3 (made of composite material) of the battery pack, thereby improving the battery pack’s Safety and reliability.
  • the main body 11 and the enclosure frame 12 of the fire protection member 1 are separate parts, they can be made of different materials and molded separately through different molding processes (in other words, the molding process of the enclosure frame 12 is not affected by the main body 11 The limitation of the molding process), so that both the main body 11 and the surrounding frame 12 can select the appropriate molding process based on their own materials, which not only helps to shorten the overall molding time of the fireproof member 1 and improve the production efficiency, but also can ensure the fireproof member
  • the structural strength of the enclosure frame 12 of 1 prevents the enclosure frame 12 from collapsing and cracking under the locking force of the bolts when the enclosure frame 12 is fixedly connected to the battery module 2, thereby improving the battery pack The safety and reliability.
  • the body 11 may be a mica board.
  • the mica board includes a multi-layer mica sheet (made of mica material) and a bonding glue arranged between every two adjacent layers of mica sheet, and the multi-layer mica sheet and the bonding glue can be integrally formed by molding It is a flat structure. Since the compression molding method does not need to develop a mold, the body 11 of the fireproof member 1 can be quickly mass-produced.
  • the body 11 may be a mica board with a uniform thickness.
  • the main body 11 may also be a partially thick mica plate, that is, the thickness of the part of the main body 11 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve of the battery is greater than the thickness of the part of the main body 11 outside the explosion-proof valve.
  • the surrounding frame 12 may be a sheet metal part and formed by a stamping method, and the sheet metal part is made of a metal material. Due to the mature forming process of the stamping method, the production efficiency of the enclosure frame 12 is improved; and, due to the high strength of the sheet metal parts, when the enclosure frame 12 is fixedly connected to the battery module 2, the enclosure frame 12 is locked by the bolts. Under the applied force, there will be no problems such as crushing, cracking, etc., thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack.
  • the main body 11 may be located on the side of the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 in the third direction Z and fixedly connected to the main body portion 12A, that is, a portion of the main body 11 overlaps the main body portion 12A .
  • the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 may be provided with a first connecting hole T1
  • the body 11 may be provided with a second connecting hole T2.
  • the main body 11 is connected to the main body 12A by riveting or bolting through the second connecting hole T2 and the first connecting hole T1.
  • the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 may also be provided with a third connecting hole T3, and the third connecting hole T3 is disposed close to the extension portion 12B relative to the first connecting hole T1.
  • the main body 11 may also be provided with an avoiding groove T4, and the avoiding groove T4 is used to expose the third connecting hole T3 to the main body 11.
  • the main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 is fixedly connected to the battery module 2 through the third connection hole T3. Since the main body 11 is not directly fixedly connected with the battery module 2, the main body 11 is prevented from being damaged during the connection process, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection between the fireproof member 1 and the battery module 2.
  • the main body 11 may be entirely received in the opening 12C and fixedly connected to the inner peripheral surface of the main body portion 12A.
  • the main body portion 12A and the extension portion 12B of the enclosure frame 12 may be integrally formed.
  • the enclosure frame 12 may include a plurality of connecting members 121, and the plurality of connecting members 121 are sequentially spliced and connected in the circumferential direction to form a hollow enclosure frame 12.
  • the splicing connection method may be welding (such as spot welding), riveting or bolt connection.
  • Each connecting member 121 may be a sheet metal member and may be formed by stamping. Since the structure of the single connecting member 121 is simple, it is convenient for rapid molding, thereby improving the molding efficiency of the entire enclosure frame 12.
  • Each connecting member 121 may have a first plate portion 1211 and a second plate portion 1212.
  • the second plate portion 1212 extends along the third direction Z and protrudes from the first plate portion 1211, and the first plate portions 1211 of all the connecting members 121 constitute The main body portion 12A of the enclosure frame 12 and the second plate portions 1212 of all the connecting members 121 constitute the extension portion 12B of the enclosure frame 12.
  • a positioning groove 1213 is provided at the end of one of the two adjacent connecting members 121, and the positioning groove 1213 accommodates two adjacent connecting members 121. The end of the other of the two connecting pieces 121.
  • the structure and size of all the connecting members 121 may be the same, that is, the plurality of connecting members 121 are all parts of the same type. At this time, the connecting member 121 can be mass-produced, thereby improving production efficiency.
  • the plurality of connecting members 121 of the enclosure frame 12 may include two first connecting members 121A and two second connecting members 122B.
  • the members 121A are spaced apart in the first direction X
  • the two second connecting members 122B are spaced apart in the second direction Y
  • each second connecting member 122B connects the two first connecting members 121A.
  • the enclosure frame 12 only includes two types of parts (namely, the first connecting piece 121A and the second connecting piece 122B), and the first connecting piece 121A and the second connecting piece 122B can be mass-produced, thereby improving Productivity.

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种防火构件（1）、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置。防火构件（1）包括本体（11）和围框（12）。围框（12）具有主体部（12A）、延伸部（12B）和开口（12C），主体部（12A）围成开口（12C），延伸部（12B）位于主体部（12A）周向外侧并连接于主体部（12A），延伸部（12B）沿第三方向延伸并突出于主体部（12A）。本体（11）覆盖围框（12）的开口（12C）并连接于主体部（12A）。由于防火构件（1）的本体（11）和围框（12）各自为独立的部件，则二者可选用不同的材料、不同的成型工艺，有利于缩短防火构件的整体成型时间、提高了生产效率，还能够保证防火构件（1）的围框（12）的结构强度，从而在围框（12）与电池模组（2）固定连接时，本体（11）无需与电池模组（2）固定，避免了在本体（11）与电池模组（2）固定时本体容易出现压溃、开裂等问题，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。

Description

一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置
本申请要求于2019年10月10日提交中国专利局，申请号为201921689873.2，名称为“防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置。
背景技术
电动汽车主要使用电池包提供的高电压来作为动力能源。目前，随着新能源电动汽车行业的发展，整个行业对电池包中的电池的安全要求越来越高。这是因为，在电池包的使用过程中，若电池包中的电池受到短路、高温等因素的影响时，电池内部容易产生高压气体，进而容易引起热失控，从而造成燃烧、爆炸等事故。
为了减缓电池热失控的扩散速度以避免燃烧、爆炸等事故，现有的电池包通常设置有防火构件，且防火构件一般为云母板、防火布等，而当云母板、防火布等通过螺栓锁付到电池包中时，其与电池包的连接部分容易在螺栓的锁紧作用下产生压溃、开裂等问题。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本申请的目的在于提供一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置，防火构件的结构简单、便于成 型，从而提高了生产效率，当防火构件应用于电池包中时，避免了防火构件出现压溃、开裂的问题，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种防火构件，其用于电池包。防火构件包括本体和围框。围框具有主体部、延伸部和开口，主体部的内周面围成开口，延伸部位于主体部周向外侧并连接于主体部的外周面，且延伸部沿第三方向延伸并突出于主体部。本体覆盖围框的开口并连接于主体部。由于本体和围框各自为独立的部件，并且防火构件与电池模组连接是通过围框与电池模组螺接固定实现的，本体无需与电池模组固定，从而避免了在本体与电池模组固定时本体容易出现压溃、开裂等问题，由此提高防火构件的安全性。
本体在第三方向上位于围框的主体部一侧。或者，本体收容于开口。
本体在第三方向上位于围框的主体部一侧。主体部设置有第一连接孔，本体设置有第二连接孔，且本体通过第二连接孔和第一连接孔连接于主体部，实现本体和围框之间的连接。
围框的主体部还设置有第三连接孔，第三连接孔相对于第一连接孔靠近延伸部设置。本体还设置有避让槽，且避让槽用于使第三连接孔露出于本体，实现当围框的主体部通过第三连接孔与电池模组固定连接时，由于本体不与电池模组直接固定连接，从而避免了本体在连接过程中受到损坏，由此保证了防火构件与电池模组之间的连接可靠性。
本体为云母板，其中，云母板具有耐高温特性，从而提高本体的耐高温性能。
围框包括多个连接件，多个连接件依次拼接连接，且各连接件具有第一板部和第二板部，第二板部沿第三方向延伸并突出于第一板部。所有连接件的第一板部构成围框的主体部，所有连接件的第二板部构成 围框的延伸部。其中，通过多个连接件依次拼接形成围框，当围框中一连接件损坏时，可以更换该连接件，无需更换整个围框，降低更换成本。
各连接件为钣金件。其中，钣金件是通过冲压方式的成型的，其工艺成熟，有利于提高围框的生产效率。
在周向上，相邻两个连接件中的其中一者的端部设置有定位槽，且定位槽收容相邻两个连接件中的另一者的端部，其中，定位槽方便相邻的两个连接件在安装时进行定位。
多个连接件包括两个第一连接件和两个第二连接件，两个第一连接件在第一方向上间隔设置，两个第二连接件在第二方向上间隔设置，且各第二连接件连接两个第一连接件。
本申请还提供了一种电池包，其包括电池模组和上述的防火构件，且防火构件的本体以及围框的主体部位于电池模组上方、延伸部位于电池模组周向外侧，且围框的主体部固定连接于电池模组。其中，电池模组与围框固定，实现电池模块与防火构件固定，避免电池模组与本体固定，从而容易出现压溃、开裂等问题。
电池模组包括多个电池，且各电池设置有防爆阀。防火构件的本体与防爆阀对应的部分的厚度大于本体位于防爆阀外侧的部分的厚度，避免在电池模组热失控时，从电池的防爆阀处排出的高温高压气体冲坏本体。
电池模组在数量上为多个，且多个电池模组排列成至少一排模组单元。防火构件设置在每一排模组单元上。
本申请还提供了一种使用电池作为电源的装置，其包括：动力源，动力源用于为装置提供驱动力；以及被配置为向动力源提供电能的上述的电池包。
本申请的有益效果如下：
由于防火构件的本体和围框各自为独立的部件，则二者可选用不同的材料、并通过不同的成型工艺分别成型，从而使得本体和围框均能基于自身的材料选择适当的成型工艺，由此不仅有利于缩短防火构件的整体成型时间、提高了生产效率，还能够保证防火构件的围框的结构强度，从而在围框与电池模组固定连接时，本体无需与电池模组固定，避免了在本体与电池模组固定时本体容易出现压溃、开裂等问题，由此提高了防火构件安全，进而提高安装了防火构件的电池包的安全可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请的电池包的分解图。
图2是图1中的防火构件与电池模组的位置关系示意图。
图3是图2中的防火构件的立体图。
图4是防火构件在一实施例中的分解图。
图5是防火构件在另一实施例中的分解图。
图6是图5中的围框的组装图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1防火构件                   T1第一连接孔
11本体                      T2第二连接孔
12围框                      T3第三连接孔
12A主体部                   T4避让槽
12B延伸部                   2电池模组
12C开口                      3上箱体
121连接件                    4下箱体
1211第一板部                 M模组单元
1212第二板部                 X第一方向
1213定位槽                   Y第二方向
121A第一连接件               Z第三方向
121B第二连接件
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；术语“多个”是指两个以上(包括两个)；除非另有规定或说明，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接，或信号连接；“连接”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
本申请的使用电池作为电源的装置包括电池包和动力源，动力源用于为装置提供驱动力、电池包被配置为向所述动力源提供电能。其中， 所述装置可为车辆、船舶、小型飞机等移动设备。所述动力源可为电池包和发动机，且所述动力源提供的驱动力可全部为电能，也可包括电能和其他能源(例如机械能)。因此，只要是使用电池作为电源的装置均在本申请的保护范围内。
以车辆为例，本申请实施例中的车辆可为新能源汽车，所述新能源汽车可为纯电动汽车，也可为混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。具体地，车辆可包括车辆主体、驱动电机、电池包、传动机构以及车轮，电池包和驱动电机设置于车辆主体，且电池包电连接于驱动电机以为驱动电机提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动车辆行进。具体地，电池包可水平设置于车辆主体的底部。
参照图1和图2，电池包包括防火构件1、电池模组2、上箱体3和下箱体4。其中，防火构件1可通过螺栓固定连接于电池模组2，下箱体4装配于上箱体3并与上箱体3一起收容电池模组2和防火构件1。电池模组2包括多个电池，当电池模组2中的电池发生热失控时，防火构件1可以有效减缓电池热失控的扩散速度，从而避免了燃烧、爆炸等事故的发生，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。
具体地，电池模组2在数量上可为一个或多个。当电池模组2在数量上为多个时，所述多个电池模组2可排列成至少一排模组单元M，此时防火构件1可设置在每一排模组单元M上，如图2所示。
参照图2至图6，防火构件1可包括本体11(由阻燃材料制成)和围框12。围框12具有主体部12A、延伸部12B和开口12C。主体部12A为回形结构，且主体部12A的内周面围成所述开口12C，延伸部12B位于主体部12A周向外侧并连接于主体部12A的外周面，且延伸部12B沿第三方向Z延伸并突出于主体部12A。本体11覆盖围框12的所述开口12C并连接于主体部12A。具体地，本体11可通过铆接、焊接或螺栓 连接方式连接于围框12的主体部12A。
当防火构件1应用于电池包中时，防火构件1的本体11以及围框12的主体部12A位于电池模组2上方、延伸部12B位于电池模组2周向外侧，且围框12的主体部12A可通过螺栓与电池模组2固定连接。当电池模组2中的电池发生热失控时，由于防火构件1的本体11具有阻燃作用，则防火构件1可以有效地减缓电池热失控的扩散速度；并且，由于围框12的主体部12A与延伸部12B一起形成为L型结构，则围框12可以引导火焰向下喷，从而避免了火焰烧坏电池包的上箱体3(由复合材料制成)，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。
由于防火构件1的本体11和围框12各自为独立的部件，则二者可选用不同的材料、并通过不同的成型工艺分别成型(换句话说，围框12的成型工艺不受本体11的成型工艺的限制)，从而使得本体11和围框12均能基于自身的材料选择适当的成型工艺，由此不仅有利于缩短防火构件1的整体成型时间、提高了生产效率，还能够保证防火构件1的围框12的结构强度，从而在围框12与电池模组2固定连接时，避免了围框12在螺栓的锁紧作用力下出现压溃、开裂等问题，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。
由于云母板具有耐高温特性，则在一些实施例中，本体11可为云母板。所述云母板包括多层云母片(由云母材料制成)以及设置于每相邻两层云母片之间的粘接胶，且所述多层云母片以及粘接胶可采用模压方式整体形成为平板状结构。由于模压成型方式无需开发模具，则防火构件1的本体11可迅速的进行大批量生产。
具体地，本体11可以是厚度均匀的云母板。为了提高本体11的烧蚀能力，本体11也可以是局部做厚的云母板，即本体11与电池的防爆阀对应的部分的厚度大于本体11位于防爆阀外侧的部分的厚度。
围框12可为钣金件并采用冲压方式成型，而钣金件由金属材料制成。由于冲压方式的成型工艺成熟，从而提高了围框12的生产效率；并且，由于钣金件的强度高，从而当围框12与电池模组2固定连接时，围框12在螺栓的锁紧作用力下不会出现压溃、开裂等问题，由此提高了电池包的安全可靠性。
在一实施例中，参照图3至图5，本体11可在第三方向Z上位于围框12的主体部12A一侧并与主体部12A固定连接，即本体11的部分与主体部12A重叠。具体地，围框12的主体部12A可设置有第一连接孔T1，本体11可设置有第二连接孔T2。其中，本体11通过第二连接孔T2和第一连接孔T1铆接或螺栓连接于主体部12A。
参照图3至图6，围框12的主体部12A还可设置有第三连接孔T3，第三连接孔T3相对于第一连接孔T1靠近延伸部12B设置。本体11还可设置有避让槽T4，且所述避让槽T4用于使第三连接孔T3露出于本体11。此时，围框12的主体部12A通过第三连接孔T3与电池模组2固定连接。由于本体11不与电池模组2直接固定连接，从而避免了本体11在连接过程中受到损坏，由此保证了防火构件1与电池模组2之间的连接可靠性。
在另一未示出的实施例中，本体11可整体收容于所述开口12C内并与主体部12A的内周面固定连接。
在一实施例中，参照图4，围框12的主体部12A和延伸部12B可一体成型。
在另一实施例中，参照图5和图6，围框12可包括多个连接件121，且所述多个连接件121在周向上依次拼接连接以形成中空的围框12。具体地，所述拼接连接方式可为焊接(如点焊)、铆接或螺栓连接。各连接件121可为钣金件并可通过冲压方式形成。由于单个连接件121 的结构简单，其便于快速成型，由此提高了围框12整体的成型效率。
各连接件121可具有第一板部1211和第二板部1212，第二板部1212沿第三方向Z延伸并突出于第一板部1211，且所有连接件121的第一板部1211构成围框12的主体部12A、所有连接件121的第二板部1212构成围框12的延伸部12B。
为了便于所述多个连接件121之间的定位安装，在周向上，相邻两个连接件121中的其中一者的端部设置有定位槽1213，且所述定位槽1213收容相邻两个连接件121中的另一者的端部。
在一未示出实施例中，所有连接件121的结构和尺寸可均相同，即所述多个连接件121均为同一种类型的零件。此时，连接件121可进行批量生产，由此提高了生产效率。
在另一实施例中，参照图5和图6，围框12的所述多个连接件121可包括两个第一连接件121A和两个第二连接件122B，所述两个第一连接件121A在第一方向X上间隔设置，所述两个第二连接件122B在第二方向Y上间隔设置，且各第二连接件122B连接两个第一连接件121A。此时，围框12仅包括两种类型的零件(即第一连接件121A和第二连接件122B)，则第一连接件121A和第二连接件122B均可进行批量生产，由此提高了生产效率。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种防火构件(1)，用于电池包，其中，防火构件(1)包括本体(11)和围框(12)；
    所述围框(12)具有主体部(12A)、延伸部(12B)和开口(12C)，所述主体部(12A)的内周面围成所述开口(12C)，所述延伸部(12B)位于所述主体部(12A)周向外侧并连接于所述主体部(12A)的外周面，且所述延伸部(12B)沿第三方向(Z)延伸并突出于所述主体部(12A)；
    所述本体(11)覆盖所述围框(12)的所述开口(12C)并连接于所述主体部(12A)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防火构件(1)，其中，
    所述本体(11)在所述第三方向(Z)上位于所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)一侧；或者
    所述本体(11)收容于所述开口(12C)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防火构件(1)，其中，
    所述本体(11)在所述第三方向(Z)上位于所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)一侧；
    所述主体部(12A)设置有第一连接孔(T1)，所述本体(11)设置有第二连接孔(T2)，且所述本体(11)通过所述第二连接孔(T2)和所述第一连接孔(T1)连接于所述主体部(12A)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防火构件(1)，其中，
    所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)还设置有第三连接孔(T3)， 所述第三连接孔(T3)相对于所述第一连接孔(T1)靠近所述延伸部(12B)设置；
    所述本体(11)还设置有避让槽(T4)，且所述避让槽(T4)用于使所述第三连接孔(T3)露出于所述本体(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的防火构件(1)，其中，所述本体(11)为云母板。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的防火构件(1)，其中，
    所述围框(12)包括多个连接件(121)，所述多个连接件(121)依次拼接连接，且各所述连接件(121)具有第一板部(1211)和第二板部(1212)，所述第二板部(1212)沿所述第三方向(Z)延伸并突出于所述第一板部(1211)；
    所有所述连接件(121)的所述第一板部(1211)构成所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)，所有所述连接件(121)的所述第二板部(1212)构成所述围框(12)的所述延伸部(12B)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防火构件(1)，其中，各所述连接件(121)为钣金件。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的防火构件(1)，其中，在周向上，相邻两个所述连接件(121)中的其中一者的端部设置有定位槽(1213)，且所述定位槽(1213)收容相邻两个所述连接件(121)中的另一者的端部。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的防火构件(1)，其中，所述多个 连接件(121)包括两个第一连接件(121A)和两个第二连接件(122B)，所述两个第一连接件(121A)在第一方向(X)上间隔设置，所述两个第二连接件(122B)在第二方向(Y)上间隔设置，且各所述第二连接件(122B)连接所述两个第一连接件(121A)。
  10. 一种电池包，其中，包括电池模组(2)和权利要求1-9中任一项所述的防火构件(1)，且所述防火构件(1)的所述本体(11)以及所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)位于所述电池模组(2)上方，所述延伸部(12B)位于所述电池模组(2)周向外侧，且所述围框(12)的所述主体部(12A)固定连接于所述电池模组(2)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池包，其中，
    所述电池模组(2)包括多个电池，且各所述电池设置有防爆阀；
    所述防火构件(1)的所述本体(11)与所述防爆阀对应的部分的厚度大于所述本体(11)位于所述防爆阀外侧的部分的厚度。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电池包，其中，
    所述电池模组(2)在数量上为多个，且所述多个电池模组(2)排列成至少一排模组单元(M)；
    所述防火构件(1)设置在每一排所述模组单元(M)上。
  13. 一种使用电池作为电源的装置，其中，所述装置包括：
    动力源，所述动力源用于为所述装置提供驱动力；以及
    被配置为向所述动力源提供电能的如权利要求10-12任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2020/114930 2019-10-10 2020-09-12 一种防火构件、电池包及使用电池作为电源的装置 WO2021068709A1 (zh)

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