WO2021056551A1 - 超分辨超声显微装置及其应用 - Google Patents

超分辨超声显微装置及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2021056551A1
WO2021056551A1 PCT/CN2019/109126 CN2019109126W WO2021056551A1 WO 2021056551 A1 WO2021056551 A1 WO 2021056551A1 CN 2019109126 W CN2019109126 W CN 2019109126W WO 2021056551 A1 WO2021056551 A1 WO 2021056551A1
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ultrasonic
super
resolution
microscopy device
sound wave
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PCT/CN2019/109126
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蔡飞燕
夏向向
郑海荣
邹峰
刘佳妹
周慧
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深圳先进技术研究院
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/109126 priority Critical patent/WO2021056551A1/zh
Publication of WO2021056551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056551A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of ultrasound imaging, and in particular to a super-resolution ultrasound microscopy device and its application.
  • Ultrasound as a mechanical wave, is generated by the vibration of an object (sound source) and causes it to propagate through the compression and expansion of the medium.
  • ultrasound has an important feature, that is, the attenuation in human tissues such as water and muscle is very small, and it can reach deeper human tissues.
  • the interaction between medical ultrasound and human tissues mainly uses the basic physical characteristics of the interaction between sound waves and matter, and has three acoustic effects such as wave effect, mechanical effect and thermal effect. These effects have important applications or great potential in biomedicine.
  • Traditional ultrasound is based on wave effect and thermal effect, and has developed into two basic functions: imaging diagnosis and thermal ablation therapy.
  • the wave effect can be used in ultrasound imaging diagnostic techniques such as B-ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, and contrast, which are widely used in clinical practice; thermal effect can be used in the thermal ablation of tumors and the treatment of nerve nucleus damage, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound.
  • Ultrasound imaging has always been the main detection method for human organ diagnosis.
  • ultrasound imaging such as internal diameter ultrasound, contrast ultrasound, three-dimensional imaging, elastography, etc. have developed rapidly on the basis of B-ultrasound imaging.
  • B-ultrasound imaging uses traditional curved ultrasound transducers or convex acoustic lenses combined with planar ultrasound transducers for ultrasound imaging.
  • the resolution of ultrasound imaging is not very high, and it is impossible to distinguish the fine structure and morphology of human tissues.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a super-resolution ultrasound microscopy device and its application, which aims to solve the problem of low imaging resolution of existing ultrasound imaging equipment.
  • a super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device which includes a planar ultrasonic transducer for transmitting ultrasonic sound wave signals, and a device located at the transmitting end of the planar ultrasonic transducer and used for adjusting the focusing of the ultrasonic waves beyond the diffraction limit.
  • Acoustic artificial structure and an imaging device for receiving imaging reflection signals of the planar ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic sound waves pass through the acoustic artificial structure to form an ultra-diffraction limit focused sound field area for imaging an object to be imaged.
  • the acoustic artificial structure is a circular cylinder that is connected end to end and closed, and the middle of the circular cylinder has a first diffraction channel for ultrasonic sound waves to pass through to focus the sound field beyond the diffraction limit.
  • the ring diameter of the ring cylinder is in the range of 4 ⁇ or more and 12 ⁇ or less, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic sound wave.
  • the cylinder diameter of the circular ring cylinder ranges from 0.2 ⁇ to 6 ⁇ .
  • the material of the circular cylinder is any one of resin, rubber and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the acoustic artificial structure is a sheet-like column, and a second diffraction channel for ultrasonic sound waves to pass through the acoustic field for focusing the sound field beyond the diffraction limit is opened in the middle of the sheet-like column.
  • the diameter of the sheet-shaped cylinder is greater than or equal to 2.4 ⁇ and less than or equal to 12 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic sound wave.
  • the diameter range of the second diffraction channel is greater than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ and less than or equal to 10 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the sheet-shaped column is greater than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ and less than or equal to ⁇ .
  • the material of the sheet-shaped column is any one of resin, rubber, and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the transmitting frequency range of the planar ultrasonic transducer is 0.2MHz-100MHz.
  • the acoustic wave focusing focal spot in the super-diffraction limit focusing acoustic field region is less than or equal to 0.61 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic acoustic wave.
  • the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device further includes a needle-type ultrasonic probe which is arranged along the propagation direction of the ultrasonic sound wave and is arranged in the super-diffraction-limited focused sound field area.
  • an application of the above-mentioned super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device is provided, and the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device is applied to super-resolution imaging.
  • the size of the object used for super-resolution imaging by the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device is less than or equal to 0.61 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic sound wave.
  • the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device has the following working principle: the transmitting end of the planar ultrasonic transducer emits a certain frequency ultrasonic sound wave signal, and the ultrasonic sound wave passes through the acoustic artificial Diffraction phenomenon occurs after the structure, and along the transmission direction of the ultrasonic sound wave, an ultra-diffraction-limit focused sound field area is formed behind the acoustic artificial structure on the side of the acoustic artificial structure away from the planar ultrasonic transducer, and placed in the ultra-diffraction-limited focused sound field
  • the ultrasonic sound waves in the area blocked by the object to be imaged are reflected to the planar ultrasonic transducer and received, and finally, the received signal is transmitted to the imaging device for ultrasonic imaging, and a higher-resolution imaging image is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic artificial structure of the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic artificial structure of a super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device includes a planar ultrasonic transducer 10 for transmitting ultrasonic sound wave signals, and a transmitting end of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 and used for regulating the ultrasonic super-diffraction.
  • the ultrasonic sound waves pass through the acoustic artificial structure 20 to form an ultra-diffraction-limited focused sound field area 40 for imaging the object to be imaged.
  • the working principle of the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device is as follows: the transmitting end of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 emits an ultrasonic sound wave signal of a certain frequency, and the ultrasonic sound wave undergoes diffraction after passing through the acoustic artificial structure 20, and , Along the transmission direction of the ultrasonic sound wave, an ultra-diffraction limit focused sound field area 40 is formed behind the acoustic artificial structure 20 on the side of the sound artificial structure 20 away from the planar ultrasonic transducer 10, which is placed in the ultra-diffraction limit focused sound field area 40 The ultrasonic sound wave blocked by the object to be imaged is reflected to the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 and received, and finally, the received signal is transmitted to the imaging device 30 for ultrasonic imaging, and an imaging image with higher resolution is obtained.
  • the acoustic artificial structure 20 is a circular cylinder connected end to end and closed.
  • the center of the circular cylinder is provided for ultrasonic sound waves to pass through to focus the sound field beyond the diffraction limit.
  • the first diffraction channel 20a It is understandable that the circular cylinder is formed by a cylindrical rod connected end to end to form a closed circular structure with the first diffraction channel 20a in the middle.
  • the ultrasonic sound waves emitted from the transmitting end of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 are diffracted at the first diffraction channel 20 a and form an ultra-diffraction limit focused sound field area 40.
  • the range of the ring diameter D1 of the ring cylinder is greater than or equal to 4 ⁇ and less than or equal to 12 ⁇ .
  • the ring diameter D1 of the ring cylinder can be 4 ⁇ , 4.5 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 5.5 ⁇ , 6 ⁇ , 6.5 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 7.5 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 8.5 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 9.5 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , 10.5 ⁇ , 11 ⁇ , 11.5 ⁇ , and 12 ⁇ .
  • the cylinder diameter d1 of the circular cylinder is in the range of 0.2 ⁇ or more and 6 ⁇ or less.
  • the cylinder diameter d1 of the toroidal column can be 0.2 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ , 0.6 ⁇ , 0.8 ⁇ , 1, 1.2 ⁇ , 1.4 ⁇ , 1.6 ⁇ , 1.8 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 2.2 ⁇ , 2.4 ⁇ , 2.6 ⁇ , 2.8 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 3.2 ⁇ , 3.4 ⁇ , 3.6 ⁇ , 3.8 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , 4.2 ⁇ , 4.4 ⁇ , 4.6 ⁇ , 4.8 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 5.2 ⁇ , 5.4 ⁇ , 5.6 ⁇ , 5.8 ⁇ , and 6 ⁇ .
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of ultrasonic sound waves. That is, by limiting the ring diameter D1 and the cylinder diameter d1 of the ring cylinder, the inner diameter of the first diffraction channel 20a is further restricted.
  • the transmission frequency range of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 is 0.2 MHz-100 MHz. Understandably, the transmission frequency of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 can be 0.2MHz, 1MHz, 2MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, 30MHz, 35MHz, 40MHz, 45MHz, 50MHz, 55MHz, 60MHz, 65MHz, 70MHz, 75MHz, 80MHz, 85MHz, 90MHz, 95MHz and 100MHz.
  • the material of the toroidal cylinder is any one of resin, rubber, and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the emission frequency of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 is 1MHz
  • the material of the circular cylinder is photosensitive resin
  • the circular diameter D1 of the circular cylinder is 9mm.
  • the cylinder diameter d1 of the circular cylinder is 3.6 mm, that is, the inner diameter of the first diffraction channel 20a is 1.8 mm.
  • the acoustic artificial structure 20 is a sheet-like column, and the middle of the sheet-like column is provided with a second diffraction for ultrasonic sound waves to pass through to focus the sound field beyond the diffraction limit. Channel 20b. It is understandable that when the ultrasonic sound wave passes through the second diffraction channel 20b of the sheet-shaped cylinder, it can also form an ultra-diffraction limit focused sound field area 40.
  • the diameter D2 of the sheet-like column is in the range of 2.4 ⁇ or more and 12 ⁇ or less. Understandably, the diameter D2 of the lamellar cylinder may be 2.4 ⁇ , 2.6 ⁇ , 2.8 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 3.2 ⁇ , 3.4 ⁇ , 3.6 ⁇ , 3.8 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , 4.2 ⁇ , 4.4 ⁇ , 4.6 ⁇ , 4.8 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 5.2 ⁇ , 5.4 ⁇ , 5.6 ⁇ , 5.8 ⁇ , 6 ⁇ , 6.2 ⁇ , 6.4 ⁇ , 6.8 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 7.2 ⁇ , 7.4 ⁇ , 7.6 ⁇ , 7.8 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 8.2 ⁇ , 8.4 ⁇ , 8.6 ⁇ , 8.8 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 9.2 ⁇ , 9.4 ⁇ , 9.6 ⁇ , 9.8 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , 10.2 ⁇ , 10.4 ⁇ , 10.6 ⁇ , 10.8 ⁇ , 11 ⁇ , 11.2 ⁇ , 11.4 ⁇ , 11.6 ⁇ , 11.8 ⁇ , and 12 ⁇ .
  • the diameter range of the second diffraction channel 20b is greater than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ and less than or equal to 10 ⁇ . Understandably, the diameter of the second diffraction channel 20b is 0.4 ⁇ , 0.6 ⁇ , 0.8 ⁇ , ⁇ , 1.2 ⁇ , 1.6 ⁇ , 1.8 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 2.2 ⁇ , 2.4 ⁇ , 2.6 ⁇ , 2.8 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 3.2 ⁇ , 3.4 ⁇ , 3.6 ⁇ , 3.8 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , 4.2 ⁇ , 4.4 ⁇ , 4.6 ⁇ , 4.8 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 5.2 ⁇ , 5.4 ⁇ , 5.6 ⁇ , 5.8 ⁇ , 6 ⁇ , 6.2 ⁇ , 6.4 ⁇ , 6.8 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 7.2 ⁇ , 7.4 ⁇ , 7.6 ⁇ , 7.8 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 8.2 ⁇ , 8.4 ⁇ , 8.6 ⁇ , 8.8 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 9.2 ⁇ , 9.4 ⁇ , 9.6 ⁇ , 9.8 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ .
  • the thickness range of the sheet-shaped column is 0.2 ⁇ or more and ⁇ or less. Understandably, the thickness of the sheet-shaped column is 0.2 ⁇ , 0.3 ⁇ , 0.4 ⁇ , 0.5 ⁇ , 0.6 ⁇ , 0.7 ⁇ , 0.8 ⁇ , 0.9 ⁇ , and ⁇ .
  • the material of the sheet-like column is any one of resin, rubber, and polymethyl methacrylate.
  • the emission frequency of the planar ultrasonic transducer 10 is 1MHz
  • the material of the sheet-like cylinder is photosensitive resin
  • the diameter D2 of the sheet-like cylinder is 10.2mm.
  • the inner diameter of the ring first diffraction channel 20a is 0.6 mm
  • the thickness of the sheet-shaped column is 0.6 mm.
  • the acoustic wave focusing focal spot of the ultra-diffraction limit focusing acoustic field area 40 is less than or equal to 0.61 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic acoustic wave.
  • the ultra-diffraction limit imaging is to image an object with a size below 0.61 times the wavelength. That is, when the size of the object to be imaged is less than 0.61 ⁇ , the conventional ultrasound imaging equipment cannot achieve high-resolution imaging.
  • the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy apparatus further includes a needle-type ultrasonic probe 50, which is arranged along the ultrasonic sound wave propagation direction and is arranged in the super-diffraction-limit focused sound field area 40.
  • the needle ultrasonic probe 50 is used to receive ultrasonic sound waves transmitted through the object to be imaged to realize transmission ultrasonic imaging, that is, the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device can select the imaging mode according to the imaging requirements.
  • This application also provides an application of the above-mentioned super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device, which applies the super-resolution ultrasonic microscopy device to super-resolution imaging. That is, the super-diffraction-limit focusing of ultrasound is realized by the acoustic artificial structure 20, and the super-resolution imaging of the object can be performed by using the super-diffraction-limit focusing sound field. It is especially suitable for super-resolution imaging of indistinguishable human tissues.
  • the size of the object used for super-resolution imaging by the super-resolution ultrasound microscope is less than or equal to 0.61 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic sound wave.

Abstract

一种超分辨超声显微装置及应用，超分辨超声显微装置包括平面超声换能器(10)、声人工结构件(20)以及成像装置(30)。平面超声换能器(10)的发射端发射出一定频率的超声声波信号，超声声波经过声人工结构件(20)后发生衍射现象，并且，沿超声声波的传输方向在声人工结构件(20)远离平面超声换能器(10)的一侧形成超衍射极限聚焦声场区域(40)，置于超衍射极限聚焦声场区域(40)内的待成像对象阻挡的超声声波反射至平面超声换能器(10)并接收，最后，接收的信号传输至成像装置(30)进行超声成像，并且，成像图像的分辨率更高。

Description

超分辨超声显微装置及其应用 技术领域
本申请涉及超声成像技术领域，具体涉及一种超分辨超声显微装置及其应用。
背景技术
超声作为一种机械波，是由物体(声源)振动产生，并通过压缩和膨胀媒质导致其传播。超声除了具有波的一般属性，还有一个重要特点，即在水、肌肉等人体组织内的衰减很小，可以抵达较深的人体组织。医学超声波与人体组织相互作用，主要应用了声波与物质相互作用的基本物理特性，具有波动效应、力学效应和热效应等三大声学效应，这些效应在生物医学中有着重要的应用或重大潜力。传统的超声基于波动效应和热效应，已经发展成为具有成像诊断和热消融治疗两大基本功能。波动效应可用于B超、彩超、造影等在临床具有十分广泛应用的超声成像诊断技术；热效应可用于肿瘤的热消融和神经核团毁损治疗，比如高强度聚焦超声。
超声成像，尤其是B超成像一直作为人体器官诊断的主要检测方法，随着超声的迅速发展，超声成像如内径超声、造影超声、三维成像、弹性成像等均在B超成像的基础上快速发展。现今B超成像均是利用传统曲面超声换能器，或者利用凸面声透镜结合平面超声换能器进行超声成像。而由于经典波本身存在衍射极限的限制，一般情况下很难打破限制实现超分辨。由此超声成像的分辨率不是很高，无法分辨人体组织的细微结构及形态。
发明概述
技术问题
本申请实施例的目的在于：提供一种超分辨超声显微装置及其应用，旨在解决现有的超声成像设备成像分辨率低的问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，提供了一种超分辨超声显微装置，包括用于发射超声声波信号的平面超声换能器、位于所述平面超声换能器的发射端的且用于调控声波超衍射极限聚焦的声人工结构件以及用于接收所述平面超声换能器的成像反射信号的成像装置，超声声波经过所述声人工结构件后形成用于对待成像对象进行成像的超衍射极限聚焦声场区域。
在一个实施例中，所述声人工结构件为首尾连接且封闭的圆环柱体，圆环柱体的中部具有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第一衍射通道。
在一个实施例中，所述圆环柱体的圆环直径范围为大于等于4λ且小于等于12λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
在一个实施例中，所述圆环柱体的柱体直径范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于6λ。
在一个实施例中，所述圆环柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
在一个实施例中，所述声人工结构件为片状柱体，所述片状柱体的中部开设有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第二衍射通道。
在一个实施例中，所述片状柱体的直径范围为大于等于2.4λ且小于等于12λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
在一个实施例中，所述第二衍射通道的直径范围为大于等于0.4λ且小于等于10λ。
在一个实施例中，所述片状柱体的厚度范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于λ。
在一个实施例中，所述片状柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
在一个实施例中，所述平面超声换能器的发射频率范围为0.2MHz～100MHz。
在一个实施例中，所述超衍射极限聚焦声场区域的声波聚焦焦斑小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
在一个实施例中，所述超分辨超声显微装置还包括针式超声探测器，所述针式超声探测器沿超声声波传播方向设置且设于所述超衍射极限聚焦声场区域内。
第二方面，提供了一种上述超分辨超声显微装置的应用，将所述超分辨超声显 微装置应用于超分辨成像。
在一个实施例中，所述超分辨超声显微装置用于超分辨成像的对象的尺寸小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
本申请提供的超分辨超声显微装置的有益效果在于：超分辨超声显微装置，其工作原理如下：平面超声换能器的发射端发射出一定频率的超声声波信号，超声声波经经过声人工结构件后发生衍射现象，并且，沿超声声波的传输方向在声人工结构件后于声人工结构件远离平面超声换能器的一侧形成超衍射极限聚焦声场区域，置于超衍射极限聚焦声场区域内的被待成像对象阻挡超声声波反射至平面超声换能器并接收，最后，接收的信号传输至成像装置进行超声成像，并且，获得分辨率更高成像图像。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的超分辨超声显微装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的超分辨超声显微装置的声人工结构的剖面图；
图3是本申请另一实施例提供的超分辨超声显微装置的声人工结构的结构示意图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另 一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于便于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了说明本申请的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
请参考图1，本申请实施例提供的超分辨超声显微装置，包括用于发射超声声波信号的平面超声换能器10、位于平面超声换能器10的发射端的且用于调控声波超衍射极限聚焦的声人工结构件20以及用于接收平面超声换能器10的成像反射信号的成像装置30。超声声波经过声人工结构件20后形成用于对待成像对象进行成像的超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40。
本申请实施例提供的超分辨超声显微装置，其工作原理如下：平面超声换能器10的发射端发射出一定频率的超声声波信号，超声声波经过声人工结构件20后发生衍射现象，并且，沿超声声波的传输方向在声人工结构件20后于声人工结构件20远离平面超声换能器10的一侧形成超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40，置于超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40内的被待成像对象阻挡的超声声波反射至平面超声换能器10并接收，最后，接收的信号传输至成像装置30进行超声成像，并且，获得分辨率更高的成像图像。
请参考图1和图2，在一个实施例中，声人工结构件20为首尾连接且封闭的圆环柱体，圆环柱体的中部具有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第一衍射通道20a。可以理解地，圆环柱体是由一柱状杆体首尾连接形成封闭的且中部具有第一衍射通道20a的圆环结构。平面超声换能器10发射端发射的超声声波在第一衍射通道20a处发生衍射，并形成超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40。
产生超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40需要满足下列条件：圆环柱体的圆环直径D1范围为大于等于4λ且小于等于12λ。可以理解地，圆环柱体的圆环直径D1可为4λ、 4.5λ、5λ、5.5λ、6λ、6.5λ、7λ、7.5λ、8λ、8.5λ、9λ、9.5λ、10λ、10.5λ、11λ、11.5λ以及12λ。圆环柱体的柱体直径d1范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于6λ。圆环柱的柱体直径d1可为0.2λ、0.4λ、0.6λ、0.8λ、1、1.2λ、1.4λ、1.6λ、1.8λ、2λ、2.2λ、2.4λ、2.6λ、2.8λ、3λ、3.2λ、3.4λ、3.6λ、3.8λ、4λ、4.2λ、4.4λ、4.6λ、4.8λ、5λ、5.2λ、5.4λ、5.6λ、5.8λ以及6λ。其中，λ为超声声波的波长。即通过限定圆环柱体的圆环直径D1和柱体直径d1，进而限制第一衍射通道20a的内径大小。并且，平面超声换能器10的发射频率范围为0.2MHz～100MHz。可以理解地，平面超声换能器10的发射频率可为0.2MHz、1MHz、2MHz、5MHz、10MHz、15MHz、20MHz、25MHz、30MHz、35MHz、40MHz、45MHz、50MHz、55MHz、60MHz、65MHz、70MHz、75MHz、80MHz、85MHz、90MHz、95MHz以及100MHz。并且，圆环柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
在一个实施例中，平面超声换能器10的发射频率为1MHz，超声声波的波长为λ＝1.5mm，圆环柱体的材质为光敏树脂，圆环柱体的圆环直径D1为9mm，圆环柱体的柱体直径d1为3.6mm，即第一衍射通道20a的内径为1.8mm。
请参考图1和图3，在另一实施例中，声人工结构件20为片状柱体，片状柱体的中部开设有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第二衍射通道20b。可以理解地，当超声声波通过片状柱体的第二衍射通道20b时，同样能形成超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40。
产生超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40需要满足下列条件：片状柱体的直径D2范围为大于等于2.4λ且小于等于12λ。可以理解地，片状柱体的直径D2可为2.4λ、2.6λ、2.8λ、3λ、3.2λ、3.4λ、3.6λ、3.8λ、4λ、4.2λ、4.4λ、4.6λ、4.8λ、5λ、5.2λ、5.4λ、5.6λ、5.8λ、6λ、6.2λ、6.4λ、6.8λ、7λ、7.2λ、7.4λ、7.6λ、7.8λ、8λ、8.2λ、8.4λ、8.6λ、8.8λ、9λ、9.2λ、9.4λ、9.6λ、9.8λ、10λ、10.2λ、10.4λ、10.6λ、10.8λ、11λ、11.2λ、11.4λ、11.6λ、11.8λ以及12λ。第二衍射通道20b的直径范围为大于等于0.4λ且小于等于10λ。可以理解地，第二衍射通道20b的直径为0.4λ、0.6λ、0.8λ、λ、1.2λ、1.6λ、1.8λ、2λ、2.2λ、2.4λ、2.6λ、2.8λ、3λ、3.2λ、3.4λ、3.6λ、3.8λ、4λ、4.2λ、4.4λ、4.6λ、4.8λ、5λ、5.2λ、5.4λ、5.6λ、5.8λ、6λ、6.2λ 、6.4λ、6.8λ、7λ、7.2λ、7.4λ、7.6λ、7.8λ、8λ、8.2λ、8.4λ、8.6λ、8.8λ、9λ、9.2λ、9.4λ、9.6λ、9.8λ以及10λ。并且，片状柱体的厚度范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于λ。可以理解地，片状柱体的厚度为0.2λ、0.3λ、0.4λ、0.5λ、0.6λ、0.7λ、0.8λ、0.9λ以及λ。并且，片状柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
在一个实施例中，平面超声换能器10的发射频率为1MHz，超声声波的波长为λ＝1.5mm，片状柱体的材质为光敏树脂，片状柱体的直径D2为10.2mm，圆环第一衍射通道20a的内径为0.6mm，片状柱体的厚度为0.6mm。
在一个实施例中，超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40的声波聚焦焦斑小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。这里，超衍射极限成像为对0.61倍波长以下尺寸的物体进行成像。即当待成像对象的尺寸小于0.61λ时，传统的超声成像设备无法实现高分辨率的成像。
请参考图1，在一个实施例中，超分辨超声显微装置还包括针式超声探测器50，针式超声探测器50沿超声声波传播方向设置且设于超衍射极限聚焦声场区域40内。针式超声探测器50是用于接收透过待成像对象的超声声波，实现透射式超声成像，即该超分辨超声显微装置可根据成像需求进行成像方式的选择。
本申请还提供一种上述超分辨超声显微装置的应用，将超分辨超声显微装置应用于超分辨成像。即通过声人工结构件20实现超声波的超衍射极限聚焦，并且利用此超衍射极限聚焦声场可进行物体的超分辨成像。尤其适合对无法分辨的人体组织的细微结构进行超分辨成像。
在一个实施例中，超分辨超声显微装置用于超分辨成像的对象的尺寸小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，包括用于发射超声声波信号的平面超声换能器、位于所述平面超声换能器的发射端的一侧且用于调控声波超衍射极限聚焦的声人工结构件以及用于接收所述平面超声换能器的成像反射信号的成像装置，超声声波经过所述声人工结构件后于所述声人工结构件远离所述平面超声换能器的一侧形成用于对待成像对象进行成像的超衍射极限聚焦声场区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述声人工结构件为首尾连接且封闭的圆环柱体，所述圆环柱体的中部具有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第一衍射通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述圆环柱体的圆环直径范围为大于等于4λ且小于等于12λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
  4. 根据权利要求3的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述圆环柱体的柱体直径范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于6λ。
  5. 根据权利要求2的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述圆环柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述声人工结构件为片状柱体，所述片状柱体的中部开设有供超声声波穿过用以超衍射极限聚焦声场的第二衍射通道。
  7. 根据权利要求6的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述片状柱体的直径范围为大于等于2.4λ且小于等于12λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
  8. 根据权利要求7的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述第二衍射通道的直径范围为大于等于0.4λ且小于等于10λ。
  9. 根据权利要求8的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述片 状柱体的厚度范围为大于等于0.2λ且小于等于λ。
  10. 根据权利要求6的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述片状柱体的材质为树脂、橡胶以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任意一种。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述平面超声换能器的发射频率范围为0.2MHz～100MHz。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10任一项的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述超衍射极限聚焦声场区域的声波聚焦焦斑小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
  13. 根据权利要求1至10任一项的所述超分辨超声显微装置，其特征在于，所述超分辨超声显微装置还包括针式超声探测器，所述针式超声探测器沿超声声波传播方向设置且设于所述超衍射极限聚焦声场区域内。
  14. 根据权利要求1的所述超分辨超声显微装置的应用，其特征在于，将所述超分辨超声显微装置应用于超分辨成像。
  15. 根据权利要求14的所述超分辨超声显微装置的应用，其特征在于，所述超分辨超声显微装置用于超分辨成像的对象的尺寸小于等于0.61λ，其中，λ为超声声波的波长。
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