WO2021054097A1 - 濃度測定装置 - Google Patents
濃度測定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021054097A1 WO2021054097A1 PCT/JP2020/032827 JP2020032827W WO2021054097A1 WO 2021054097 A1 WO2021054097 A1 WO 2021054097A1 JP 2020032827 W JP2020032827 W JP 2020032827W WO 2021054097 A1 WO2021054097 A1 WO 2021054097A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- gas
- concentration
- measurement
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- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 94
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
- G01N21/61—Non-dispersive gas analysers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/031—Multipass arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/031—Multipass arrangements
- G01N2021/0314—Double pass, autocollimated path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
- G01N2021/1731—Temperature modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/4133—Refractometers, e.g. differential
- G01N2021/414—Correcting temperature effect in refractometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/121—Correction signals
- G01N2201/1211—Correction signals for temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/121—Correction signals
- G01N2201/1218—Correction signals for pressure variations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concentration measuring device, and more particularly to a concentration measuring device that measures the concentration of a fluid based on the intensity of light transmitted through the measuring cell.
- a concentration measuring device that is incorporated in a gas supply line that supplies raw material gas to a semiconductor manufacturing device and is configured to measure the gas concentration
- the raw material gas include organometallic (MO) gas obtained from a liquid material or a solid material.
- concentration measuring device In this type of concentration measuring device, light of a predetermined wavelength from a light source is incident on a measuring cell through which gas flows, and the transmitted light that has passed through the measuring cell is received by a light receiving element to measure the absorbance. Further, from the measured absorbance, the concentration of the measurement gas can be obtained based on Lambert-Beer's law (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the measurement cell includes not only a measurement cell branched from the fluid supply line and arranged separately, but also an in-line transmitted light detection structure provided in the middle of the fluid supply line as shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3. included.
- a convex lens as a collimating lens is arranged in front of a translucent window portion arranged at one end of a measuring cell, and a convex lens as a collimating lens is arranged at the other end of the measuring cell. Is arranged with a reflective member. In this configuration, the light that has entered the cell as parallel light through the convex lens is reflected by the reflecting member at the other end, and the light that makes one round trip in the cell is guided to the light detector again through the convex lens. ..
- the incident light (the light beam diameter is, for example, about several millimeters) is irradiated to the center of the lens, that is, a position deviated from the optical axis of the lens. , The incident light is refracted as it passes through the lens.
- the light emitted from the lens does not enter completely perpendicular to the window surface of the translucent window provided at the end of the measurement cell, but slightly with respect to the central axis direction of the measurement cell. It is incident at an inclined angle.
- the light that travels in the cell and is reflected by the reflecting member also travels in the cell at an angle slightly inclined with respect to the central axis direction of the measurement cell, and then is refracted at the window, and is displaced from the center of the lens. It exits through (see FIG. 2).
- the refractive index at the interface between the window and the gas changes slightly when the refractive index of the gas in the measurement cell changes.
- the present inventor has found that the optical path of light propagating in the measurement cell also changes slightly due to the change in the refractive index of the medium in the cell, which can increase the error in the concentration measurement.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a concentration measuring device capable of suppressing an increase in concentration measurement error due to a change in the refractive index of a medium in a measuring cell.
- the concentration measuring device has a fluid unit having a measuring cell, a first optical transmission member for transmitting light from the light source to the measuring cell, and light detection from the measuring cell.
- Light from the first optical transmission member is incident on a second optical transmission member for transmission to the vessel and a lens provided in the fluid unit at a first position different from the optical axis of the lens.
- the arithmetic circuit connected to the optical detector and detecting the concentration of the fluid flowing through the measurement cell, the arithmetic circuit comprises the light in order to correct a measurement error corresponding to the refractive index of the fluid. It is configured to calculate the concentration of the fluid based on the output of the detector, the pressure output by the pressure sensor, and the correction factor associated with the concentration of the fluid.
- the arithmetic circuit has a memory that stores a table that describes the pressure output by the pressure sensor and the correction factor associated with the concentration of the fluid, and the correction factor read from the table. Use to measure concentration.
- the concentration measuring device further comprises a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the gas flowing through the measuring cell, and the arithmetic circuit uses the absorption coefficient ⁇ a associated with the measuring gas to: It is configured to obtain the volume concentration Cv + ⁇ Cn of the measurement gas in the mixed gas based on the formula.
- I 0 is the intensity of the incident light incident on the measurement cell
- I is the intensity of the incident light incident on the measurement cell.
- Light intensity is a gas constant
- T is a gas temperature in the measurement cell
- L is an optical path length
- Pt is a gas pressure in the measurement cell
- I (n) is a change in the amount of light based on a change in refractive index
- ⁇ Cn is a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the gas flowing through the measuring cell
- I a correction factor determined based on (RT / ⁇ a LPt) ⁇ ln (I 0 / I) and the gas pressure.
- the embodiment of the present invention it is possible to suppress an increase in measurement error due to a change in the refractive index of the medium in the measurement cell and perform concentration measurement with improved accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the concentration measuring device 100 used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the concentration measuring device 100 includes a fluid unit 10 having a measuring cell 1 incorporated in a gas supply line, and an electric unit 20 arranged separately from the fluid unit 10.
- the fluid unit 10 and the electric unit 20 are formed by an optical fiber cable 11 for incidence (first optical transmission member), an optical fiber cable 12 for emission (second optical transmission member), and a sensor cable (not shown). , Optically and electrically connected.
- the operating temperature of the fluid unit 10 is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be used in a room temperature environment, but it may be heated to about 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. depending on the type of measurement gas.
- the electric unit 20 isolated from the fluid unit 10 is usually arranged in a room temperature environment because of its low high temperature resistance.
- An external control device for transmitting an operation control signal to the concentration measuring device 100 and receiving a measured concentration signal from the concentration measuring device 100 is connected to the electric unit 20.
- the fluid unit 10 is provided with a measurement cell 1 having an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b of the measurement gas and a flow path 1c extending in the longitudinal direction to which these are connected.
- a translucent window 2 (here, a sapphire plate) in contact with the flow path is provided at one end of the measurement cell 1, and a reflective member 4 is provided at the other end of the measurement cell 1. ..
- the light includes not only visible light but also at least infrared rays and ultraviolet rays, and may include electromagnetic waves of any wavelength.
- the translucency means that the internal transmittance for the light incident on the measurement cell is high enough to perform the concentration measurement.
- the wavelength of the measurement light may be appropriately selected based on the absorption characteristics of the gas to be measured, but in the present embodiment, the concentration of an organic metal gas (for example, trimethylgallium (TMGa)) that absorbs ultraviolet light is measured.
- an organic metal gas for example, trimethylgallium (TMGa)
- TMGa trimethylgallium
- Near-ultraviolet light for example, wavelength 200 nm to 400 nm is used to detect moisture.
- a collimator 3 to which two optical fiber cables 11 and 12 are connected is attached in the vicinity of the window portion 2 of the measurement cell 1.
- the collimator 3 has a convex lens 3A (see FIG. 2) as a collimator lens, and causes light from a light source to enter the measurement cell 1 as parallel light through a window portion 2 and reflects light from a reflecting member 4. Is configured to receive light.
- the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 4 is provided so as to be perpendicular to the traveling direction of the incident light or the central axis of the flow path.
- the flow path 1c of the measurement cell 1 is also used as an optical path for the measurement light.
- the window portion 2 has resistance to detection light used for concentration measurement such as near-ultraviolet light and high transmittance, and is also resistant to gas (fluid) flowing through the measurement cell, and is mechanically and chemically.
- a stable sapphire plate is preferably used. However, other stable materials such as quartz glass can also be used.
- the main body (flow path forming portion) of the measurement cell 1 is made of, for example, SUS316L.
- the reflective member 4 may be provided with, for example, an aluminum layer as a reflective layer or a dielectric multilayer film on the back surface of the sapphire plate. If a dielectric multilayer film is used as the reflection layer, light in a specific wavelength range can be selectively reflected.
- the dielectric multilayer film is composed of a laminate of a plurality of optical thin films having different refractive indexes (high refractive index film and low refractive index film are alternately laminated), and the thickness and refractive index of each layer are appropriately selected. Allows light of a particular wavelength to be reflected or transmitted. Further, since the dielectric multilayer film can be designed to reflect light at an arbitrary ratio, a part (for example, 10%) of light is transmitted by a photodetector installed under the reflecting member 4. It may be detected as a reference light.
- a calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) -based window material can also be used as the window portion 2.
- a calcium fluoride window material for ultraviolet light for example, manufactured by Sigma Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the transmittance of ultraviolet light at about 300 nm is about 90% or more, and the refractive index is about 1.45.
- sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) the transmittance for ultraviolet light at about 300 nm is about 85%, and the refractive index is about 1.81.
- calcium fluoride has a property of having a high transmittance for ultraviolet light and a low refractive index as compared with sapphire. Therefore, if the calcium fluoride window material is used, even when a change in the refractive index of the medium in the cell occurs, the change in the optical path can be relatively small, and it is more effective to generate a concentration measurement error based on the change in the refractive index. Can be suppressed.
- the fluid unit 10 also includes a pressure sensor 5 for detecting the pressure of the measurement gas flowing in the measurement cell 1 and a temperature sensor 6 for measuring the temperature of the measurement gas.
- the outputs of the pressure sensor 5 and the temperature sensor 6 are sent to the electric unit 20 via a sensor cable (not shown).
- the outputs of the pressure sensor 5 and the temperature sensor 6 are used to measure the gas concentration.
- the electric unit 20 includes a light source 22 that generates light incident on the measuring cell 1, a photodetector 24 that receives the light emitted from the measuring cell 1, and a photodetector 24. It is provided with an arithmetic circuit 28 that calculates the concentration of the measurement gas based on the detection signal (detection signal corresponding to the intensity of the received light) output by.
- the light source 22 is configured by using two light emitting elements (here, LEDs) 23a and 23b that emit ultraviolet light having different wavelengths from each other. Drive currents of different frequencies are passed through the light emitting elements 23a and 23b using an oscillation circuit, and frequency analysis (for example, fast Fourier transform or wavelet transform) is performed to obtain the detection signal detected by the photodetector 24. The intensity of light corresponding to each frequency component can be measured. LDs (laser diodes) can also be used as the light emitting elements 23a and 23b. Further, instead of using a plurality of combined wave lights having different wavelengths as the light source, a single wavelength light source can be used, and in this case, the combiner and the frequency analysis circuit can be omitted.
- LEDs light emitting elements
- the light emitting elements 23a and 23b are arranged so as to irradiate the half mirror 23c with light at an angle of 45 °. Further, a reference photodetector 26 is provided so as to face one of the light emitting elements 23b with the half mirror 23c interposed therebetween. A part of the light from the light source 22 is incident on the reference photodetector 26 and is used for examining deterioration of the optical element and the like. The remaining light is collected by the ball lens 23d and then incident on the optical fiber cable 11 for incident light.
- a photodiode or a phototransistor is used as the light receiving element constituting the photodetector 24 and the reference photodetector 26, for example.
- the arithmetic circuit 28 is composed of, for example, a processor or a memory provided on a circuit board, includes a computer program that executes a predetermined arithmetic based on an input signal, and can be realized by a combination of hardware and software.
- the arithmetic circuit 28 is built in the electric unit 20, but some or all of its components (such as a CPU) may be provided in a device outside the electric unit 20. Needless to say.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an optical path between the incident light L1 and the emitted light (reflected light) L2 in the measurement cell 1.
- the incident light L1 and the reflected light L2 are located at positions deviated from the center of the convex lens 3A of the collimator or the optical axis x1. Pass through.
- the incident light L1 is incident on the window portion 2 provided in the measurement cell 1 at an angle slightly inclined from the window surface normal direction (or the axial direction of the measurement cell). Then, after being refracted by the window portion 2, it is emitted into the space inside the measurement cell 1.
- the refractive index of the window portion (medium A) 2 is n A
- the refractive index of the medium B in the measurement cell is n B
- the incident angle from the window portion 2 to the medium in the cell is ⁇ A
- the exit angle is If (refractive angle) is ⁇ B
- n AB in the following equation is the relative refractive index of medium B with respect to medium A.
- the emission angle ⁇ B changes depending on the refractive index n B or the relative refractive index n AB of the medium in the cell. Therefore, when the refractive index n B of the medium in the cell changes, for example, when the inside of the cell changes from a vacuum to a measurement gas having a predetermined concentration, the emission angle ⁇ B and the optical paths of the light L1 and L2 traveling in the cell are also small. Changes to.
- sin ⁇ B n A ⁇ sin ⁇ A / n B , the emission angle ⁇ B becomes smaller as the refractive index n B or the relative refractive index n AB increases.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in the optical path when the inside of the measurement cell changes from vacuum to acetone / N 2 gas.
- the incident light and reflected light passing through the acetone / N 2 gas are shown by broken lines as L1'and L2'.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the outside (lens side) of the window portion 2 is air (nitrogen), the window portion is sapphire glass, and the flow path 1c in the measurement cell changes from vacuum to 200 torr acetone gas. It is a figure which shows the change of an optical path.
- the refractive index of vacuum is 1.000000
- the refractive index of acetone at 0 ° C. and 1 atm is about 1.0001079
- the refractive index of N 2 is about 1.000298.
- the refractive index of Ar gas is about 1.000283
- the refractive index of SF 6 gas used as a dry etching gas or a cleaning gas in a semiconductor manufacturing process is about 1.000769.
- the refractive index of air is 1.000298, the refractive index of sapphire is 1.75449 (wavelength of incident light is 1060 nm), the refractive index of acetone of 200 Torr is 1.000284, and the light is incident on the window material.
- the emission angle is calculated assuming that the angle is 1 °.
- the refractive index n B of the medium becomes slightly large, so that the refraction angle ⁇ B of light when it enters the medium inside the cell from the window portion 2 becomes small.
- the angle of refraction of light also changes slightly according to the change in the refractive index of the medium in the cell.
- the detected reflected light intensity may decrease, and a measurement error based on the change in the refractive index occurs.
- the measurement error may be reduced by increasing the refractive index of the medium in the cell.
- the light was incident on the sapphire window 2 at an incident angle of 1.00000 ° (indicated by a larger angle in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity).
- the light is refracted at both interfaces of the window portion 2 and is emitted at an emission angle of 1.000298 ° when the inside of the cell is vacuum.
- the inside of the cell is filled with 200 Torr and 100% volume concentration of acetone, the light is emitted at an emission angle of 1.000014 °.
- the intensity of light detected by the photodetector 24 may change slightly even in the absence of absorption by the gas.
- the measurement error differs depending on the refractive index of the medium in the cell, but when a mixed gas such as acetone / N 2 gas is used, the refractive index of the medium in the cell changes depending on the concentration of acetone in the mixed gas. To do. More specifically, the higher the concentration of acetone having a higher refractive index, the larger the deviation of the optical path and the lower the measurement accuracy tends to be. However, when the optical system is designed so that the maximum amount of light can be obtained when the acetone concentration is 100% by volume, the measurement error may increase as the acetone concentration decreases.
- n (P, T) 1 + (n (0 ° C., 1 atm) / (1 + ⁇ T)) ⁇ P / 1.01325 ⁇ 10 5
- n (P, T) is the refractive index considering pressure and temperature
- n (0 ° C., 1 atm) is the refractive index at 0 ° C. and 1 atm
- ⁇ is the expansion rate
- T is the temperature
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure of the gas in the cell (Torr) and the change in the amount of light detected by the photodetector 24 (value standardized with 1 in vacuum). Further, in FIG. 6, in the data of the graph shown in FIG. 5, the refractive index is obtained based on the above equation on the assumption that the temperature T is constant at 23 ° C., and the obtained refractive index is taken as the horizontal axis. It shows the relationship between and the change in the amount of light.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the change in pressure and the amount of light when the measurement light wavelength is 300 nm and when the measurement light wavelength is 365 nm. Shown. It has been confirmed that none of the N 2 gas, SF 6 gas, and C 4 F 8 gas absorbs light having wavelengths of 300 nm and 365 nm. Further, FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the refractive index and the change in the amount of light for the N 2 gas and the SF 6 gas.
- the change in the amount of light tends to increase as the pressure of the gas in the cell increases, and similarly, the change in the amount of light tends to increase as the refractive index increases. Further, it can be confirmed that the relationship between the refractive index and the change in the amount of light tends to be the same regardless of the gas type and the measured light wavelength. As described above, since there is a correlation between the refractive index and the pressure, it is preferable to perform the correction according to the pressure in order to correct the increase in the measurement error (change in the amount of light) due to the change in the refractive index. Conceivable.
- the refractive index also changes with changes in the concentration of gas in the cell. Therefore, by obtaining a correction factor based on the density and pressure and correcting the density calculation using this correction factor, it is possible to perform correction corresponding to the change in the refractive index and obtain the density more accurately. is there.
- FIG. 7 shows a table TB that records the concentration correction factor ⁇ Cn associated with the pressures P1 to Pn and the concentrations n1 to nn.
- a plurality of correction factors ⁇ C11 to ⁇ Cnn corresponding to the concentrations n1 to nn and the pressures P1 to Pn are recorded in the table TB.
- the concentration can be calculated by using the correction factor ⁇ Cn read from the table TB. ..
- This makes it possible to correct the error caused by the change in the amount of light due to the refractive index instead of the absorption by the gas by converting it into a density, and to measure the density with improved accuracy.
- the correction factor ⁇ Cn corresponding to the closest pressure and concentration may be selected. Further, for example, when the pressure is between P1 and P2 and the concentration is between n1 and n2, ⁇ Cn is determined from the average of ⁇ C11, ⁇ C21, ⁇ C12, and ⁇ C22, and the correction factor described in the table TB is determined. An appropriate correction factor may be obtained by calculation from ⁇ C11 to ⁇ Cnn.
- the optical path length of the light reciprocating inside the measurement cell 1 can be defined by twice the distance between the window portion 2 and the reflection member 4.
- the concentration measuring device 100 the light having a wavelength ⁇ incident on the measuring cell 1 and then reflected by the reflecting member 4 is absorbed depending on the concentration of the gas.
- the arithmetic circuit 28 can measure the absorbance A ⁇ at the wavelength ⁇ by frequency-analyzing the detection signal from the photodetector 24, and further, the Lambert-Vale represented by the following equation (1). based on the law, it is possible to calculate the molar concentration C M from the absorbance a?.
- I 0 is the intensity of incident light incident on the measurement cell
- I is the intensity of light passing through the gas in the measurement cell
- ⁇ ' is the molar extinction coefficient (m 2 / mol)
- L is the optical path.
- the length (m) and CM are molar concentrations (mol / m 3 ).
- the molar extinction coefficient ⁇ ' is a coefficient determined by the substance.
- I / I 0 is generally called transmittance. When the transmittance I / I 0 is 100%, the absorbance A ⁇ becomes 0, and when the transmittance I / I 0 is 0%, the absorbance A ⁇ is infinite. It becomes.
- the intensity of the light detected by the photodetector 24 may be regarded as the incident light intensity I 0.
- the concentration measuring device 100 may be configured to obtain the gas concentration in consideration of the pressure and temperature of the gas flowing through the measuring cell 1.
- C M the amount of substance of gas per unit volume
- N the amount of substance (mol) of the gas, that is, the number of moles
- V the volume (m 3 ).
- P the pressure (Torr)
- T the temperature (K).
- the pressure that can be detected by the pressure sensor is the total pressure Pt (Torr) of the mixed gas containing the measurement gas and the carrier gas.
- the measured gas concentration (volume%) at the measured light wavelength can be obtained by calculation based on each measured value (gas temperature T, total pressure Pt, and transmitted light intensity I). Is.
- concentration of the absorbed gas in the mixed gas can be obtained in consideration of the gas temperature and the gas pressure.
- the extinction coefficient ⁇ a of the measurement gas is obtained in advance from the measured values (T, Pt, I) when the measurement gas having a known concentration (for example, 100% concentration) is passed, according to the formula (3) or (4). Can be left.
- the extinction coefficient ⁇ a obtained in this way is stored in the memory, and when the concentration calculation of the measurement gas having an unknown concentration is performed based on the equation (4), the extinction coefficient ⁇ a is read from the memory and used. Can be done.
- the transmitted light intensity I detected by the photodetector 24 includes a change in the amount of light caused by a change in the refractive index of the medium in the cell. Since the change in the amount of light based on the refractive index is not caused by absorption by the gas, it is preferable to correct the change in the amount of light due to the change in the refractive index when determining the absorbance and the concentration more accurately.
- the formula of the concentration Cv'considering the refractive index n is given as the following formula (5).
- I (n) the transmitted light intensity in consideration of the refractive index of the medium in the cell
- I (n) I + ⁇ I (n), that is, the transmitted light intensity I detected by the light detector.
- the concentration Cv before correction is calculated based on the above equation (4), and ⁇ Cn indicating the change in light intensity corresponding to the refractive index is specified with reference to the table TB shown in FIG. 7, thereby refracting. It is possible to obtain the concentration at which the change in the rate is compensated.
- ⁇ Cn described in the table TB is determined by the pressure and the concentration, and the light intensity change (of the photodetector 24) when the concentration of the measurement gas and the pressure in the cell are changed.
- the change in output is obtained by measuring using light having a wavelength that is not absorbed by the measuring gas.
- the concentration measuring device according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the light used for the measurement it is also possible to use light in a wavelength region other than the ultraviolet region, depending on the type of gas.
- the concentration measuring device is used for a semiconductor manufacturing device and the like, and is suitably used for measuring the concentration of various gases.
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Abstract
Description
Cv+ΔCn=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I+I(n))=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I)+ΔCn
(sinθA/sinθB)=nB/nA=nAB
n(P、T)=1+(n(0℃、1atm)/(1+αT))×P/1.01325×105
Aλ=-log10(I/I0)=α’LCM ・・・(1)
ln(I0/I)=αL(P/RT) ・・・(2)
ln(I0/I)=αaL(Pt・Cv/RT) ・・・(3)
Cv=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I) ・・・(4)
Cv’=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I(n)) ・・・(5)
ここで、I(n)は、セル内の媒質の屈折率を考慮した透過光強度を表しており、I(n)=I+ΔI(n)、すなわち、光検出器の検出した透過光強度Iと、屈折率による光強度変化分との和に対応する。
Cv+ΔCn
=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/(I+ΔI(n)))
=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I)+ΔCn ・・・(6)
2 窓部
3 コリメータ
3A 凸レンズ
4 反射部材
5 圧力センサ
6 温度センサ
10 流体ユニット
11 光ファイバケーブル(入射用)
12 光ファイバケーブル(出射用)
20 電気ユニット
22 光源
24 光検出器
26 参照光検出器
28 演算回路
100 濃度測定装置
Claims (3)
- 光源および光検出器を有する電気ユニットと、
測定セルを有する流体ユニットと、
前記光源からの光を前記測定セルに伝送するための第1光伝送部材と、
前記測定セルからの光を前記光検出器に伝送するための第2光伝送部材と、
前記流体ユニットに設けられたレンズであって、前記レンズの光軸とは異なる第1の位置に前記第1光伝送部材からの光が入射され、かつ/または、前記レンズの光軸とは異なる第2の位置から前記第2光伝送部材に光を出射するように配置されたレンズと、
前記測定セルを流れる流体の圧力を測定する圧力センサと、
前記光検出器に接続され、前記測定セルを流れる流体の濃度を検出する演算回路と
を備え、
前記演算回路は、前記流体の屈折率に対応する測定誤差を補正するために、前記光検出器の出力と、前記圧力センサが出力する圧力および前記流体の濃度に関連付けられた補正ファクタとに基づいて前記流体の濃度を演算により求めるように構成されている、濃度測定装置。 - 前記演算回路は、前記圧力センサが出力する圧力および前記流体の濃度に関連付けられた補正ファクタを記載するテーブルを格納したメモリを有し、前記テーブルから読み出された補正ファクタを用いて濃度を測定する、請求項1に記載の濃度測定装置。
- 前記測定セルを流れるガスの温度を測定する温度センサをさらに有し、
前記演算回路は、測定ガスに関連付けられた吸光係数αaを用いて、下記の式に基づいて混合ガス中の測定ガスの体積濃度Cv+ΔCnを求めるように構成されており、下記の式において、I0は前記測定セルに入射する入射光の強度、Iは前記測定セルを通過した光の強度、Rは気体定数、Tは前記測定セル内のガス温度、Lは光路長、Ptは前記測定セル内のガス圧力、I(n)は屈折率変化に基づく光量変化であり、ΔCnは(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I)と前記ガス圧力とに基づいて決定される補正ファクタである、請求項1または2に記載の濃度測定装置。
Cv+ΔCn=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I+I(n))=(RT/αaLPt)・ln(I0/I)+ΔCn
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