WO2021051971A1 - 一种割台 - Google Patents

一种割台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021051971A1
WO2021051971A1 PCT/CN2020/101370 CN2020101370W WO2021051971A1 WO 2021051971 A1 WO2021051971 A1 WO 2021051971A1 CN 2020101370 W CN2020101370 W CN 2020101370W WO 2021051971 A1 WO2021051971 A1 WO 2021051971A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
star wheel
header
dial
projection
header body
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PCT/CN2020/101370
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王修善
谢方平
刘大为
李旭
吴正阳
曹鑫
罗琪
Original Assignee
湖南农业大学
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Application filed by 湖南农业大学 filed Critical 湖南农业大学
Publication of WO2021051971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021051971A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/14—Mowing tables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a header.
  • Rapeseed is the main oil crop in my country. For a long time, the planting area and total output of rapeseed in my country have accounted for about 30% of the world’s total. However, the current level of mechanized rapeseed production in my country, especially the mechanized harvesting level of rapeseed, is still relatively low. The level of mechanized rape harvesting in the country is only Around 34%. There are two main methods of mechanized harvesting of rapeseed: combined harvesting and segmented harvesting. Combine harvesting refers to the harvesting method of rapeseed harvesting, threshing and cleaning at the late stage of rape silique maturity. It has the advantages of high efficiency and labor-saving, and can effectively solve the problem of planting multiple crops. However, a big problem in the current rape combined harvesting is the high harvest loss rate, which makes farmers less accepting of rape combined harvesting.
  • the losses of rape combined harvesting mainly include header shattering loss, threshing loss, cleaning loss, etc., among which header shattering accounts for a large proportion of the total loss.
  • header shattering loss accounts for 40% of the total loss of rapeseed during combined harvesting. %, this is because the rape is in the mature stage when the rape is harvested, and the fruit pods are very easy to burst and cause the loss of shattering.
  • the rape combine harvester is the main equipment for the rape combine harvesting.
  • the existing rape combine harvester is modified on the traditional rice combine harvester by lengthening the header and vertical cutter, which cannot solve the impact of the machine on the rape pods.
  • the problem of making fried pods, especially these machines are equipped with reels, which directly act on the rape fruit pods when they work, and the fried pods are very serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a header with a mechanical structure that has less impact on the rape pods to reduce the loss of rape combined harvesting, increase farmers' acceptance of rape combined harvesting methods, and promote the improvement of the mechanization level of rape production in my country.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a header that can greatly reduce harvest loss, is reasonable in design, simple and compact in structure, and stable and reliable in operation.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a header includes a header body and a cutter installed at the front end of the header body.
  • the front end of the header body is provided with a plurality of guide channels for guiding crop plant stalks to the inside of the header body, and a plurality of guide channels It is located above the cutter and arranged at intervals, and each guide channel is provided with a transfer device for shifting the stalk of the action object plant so that the crop plant is poured into the header body along the guide channel.
  • the dialing device includes a dialing star wheel and a rotating drive assembly for driving the dialing star wheel to rotate.
  • the dialing star wheel includes a star wheel rotating body and a star wheel rotating body connected to the star wheel rotating body and rotating around the star wheel rotating body The transmission teeth are arranged at intervals on the axis.
  • the transmission tooth is used for contacting with the stalk of the crop plant, and the surface of the stalk of the crop plant is used as the transmission surface, the transmission surface is a convex arc surface, and the convex arc is in a direction away from the rotating body of the star wheel The face extends against the direction of rotation of the dial star wheel.
  • a number of guide plates arranged at intervals are installed on the header body, a guide channel is formed between any two adjacent guide plates, and the dial star wheel of the dial device corresponding to each guide channel is installed in the guide channel Below the guide plate on either side, the projection of the rotating body of the dial star wheel and the guide plate on the same horizontal plane satisfies that the projection of the rotating body is located within the projection of the guide plate.
  • the guide plate corresponding to each dial star wheel has a side end surface as the side wall of the corresponding guide channel of the dial star wheel, the side surface of each guide plate facing the inside of the header body is the inner end surface, and the dial star wheel is at any rotation angle
  • an arc-shaped transition surface is provided between the side end surface and the inner end surface.
  • the projection edge of the rotating body on the horizontal plane coincides with the projection of the side end surface on the horizontal plane.
  • a crop divider and a vertical cutter device are installed on either side of the header body.
  • the dial star wheel, the guide plate, the crop divider and the vertical cutting knife device are all installed on a bracket, and the bracket is detachably installed on the header body through a fastener.
  • the bracket is provided with a drive shaft for connecting with the power system of the header body to obtain power, and the bracket is provided with a support rod corresponding to each transmission star wheel, and each transmission star wheel is rotatably mounted on the corresponding through a bearing mechanism.
  • the vertical cutter device is connected with the transmission shaft and is driven by the vertical cutter device.
  • the vertical cutter device includes two vertical movable blades which are respectively slidably mounted on the bracket up and down, and each vertical movable blade is connected to the transmission shaft through a drive conversion mechanism and is driven to be displaced from each other by the transmission shaft.
  • the drive conversion mechanism includes a drive link and an eccentric wheel fixed on the transmission shaft. One end of the drive link is provided with a rotating sleeve sleeved on the eccentric wheel and capable of rotating relative to the eccentric wheel. The other end of the driving link is hinged with the vertical moving blade.
  • the header of the present invention is provided with a guide channel at the front end of the header body, and each guide channel is correspondingly provided with a dialing device.
  • the guide channel and the dialing device are combined into a new set of reeling structure.
  • the dialing device dials the moving object during operation.
  • the plant stalks make the crop plants fall into the header body along the guiding channel.
  • the action point of the transfer device on the crop plants is concentrated on the main stalk instead of the crop pods. Contact can avoid disturbing and hitting the crop pods, thereby greatly reducing harvest losses.
  • the header has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and compact structure, and stable and reliable work.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the header.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the header.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the header.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mounting bracket of the dialing star wheel, the guide plate, the crop divider and the vertical cutting knife device.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the dialing star wheel installed on the support rod.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of the dial star wheel installed on the support rod.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the dial star wheel and the guide plate.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial three-dimensional structure diagram of the mounting bracket of the vertical cutting knife device.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the connection between the driving link and the transmission shaft.
  • the header of this embodiment includes a header body 1 and a cutter 2 installed at the front end of the header body 1.
  • the front end of the header body 1 is provided with a number of A guide channel 3 is guided to the inside of the header body 1, a number of guide channels 3 are located above the cutter 2 and are arranged at intervals, and each guide channel 3 is provided with a stalk of the moving object plant to pour crop plants to the header body 1Internal dialing device4.
  • the header is provided with a guide channel 3 at the front end of the header body 1, and each guide channel 3 is provided with a transfer device 4 corresponding to the combination of the guide channel 3 and the transfer device 4 to form a new set of reeling structure, which is transferred during work
  • the device 4 shifts the stalks of the moving object plant to cause the crop plants to fall into the header body 1 along the guide channel 3.
  • the action point of the shifting device 4 on the crop plants is concentrated on the main body.
  • the stalks are not in contact with the crop pods, which can avoid disturbing and hitting the crop pods, thereby greatly reducing harvest loss.
  • the header has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and compact structure, and stable and reliable work.
  • the header is especially suitable for the harvesting operations of rapeseed, soybeans and other crops that are prone to explode pods during harvest.
  • the dialing device 4 includes a dialing star 41 and a rotating drive assembly for driving the dialing star 41 to rotate.
  • the dialing star 41 includes a star rotating body 411 and connected to the star rotating body 411 And the dial teeth 412 are arranged at intervals around the rotation axis of the star rotating body 411.
  • the dial device 4 adopts a dial star wheel 41 with a dial tooth 412, which has a simple and compact structure and low cost.
  • the dial tooth 412 is used to contact the crop plant stalks, and the surface of the crop plant stalks is used as the dial surface 4121, and the dial surface 4121 is a convex arc surface, and rotates the body 411 along a distance away from the star wheel.
  • the directional convex arc surface extends against the rotation direction of the dial star wheel 41. In this way, the stalk can be prevented from being stuck between the shifting tooth 412 and the side wall of the guide channel 3, and jamming can be avoided.
  • the header body 1 is equipped with a number of guide plates 5 arranged at intervals, and a guide channel 3 is formed between any two adjacent guide plates 5, and each guide channel 3 corresponds to the transfer device 4
  • the star wheel 41 is installed under the guide plate 5 on either side of the guide channel 3, and the projection of the rotating body 411 of the dial star wheel 41 and the guide plate 5 on the same horizontal plane meets: the projection of the rotating body 411 is located on the projection of the guide plate 5 Inside. Referring to FIG.
  • the projection of the rotating body 411 is located in the projection of the guide plate 5, which can prevent the rotating body 411 that cannot be used for dialing from extending into the guide channel 3 and occupying the guide space, which is beneficial to improve the compactness of the structure and reduce the stem The stalk is twined.
  • the front end of the guide plate 5 has a pointed structure with a vertical splitting surface, which can improve the splitting effect and avoid the breakage of the stalk.
  • the guide plate 5 corresponding to each dial star wheel 41 has a side end 51 as the side wall of the corresponding guide channel 3 of the dial star wheel 41, and the side surface of each guide plate 5 facing the inside of the header body 1 is inward.
  • the end face 52 when the dial star wheel 41 is at any rotation angle, the projection of the dial tooth 412 on the horizontal plane is located within the projection of the inner end face 52 on the horizontal plane, and an arc-shaped transition surface 53 is provided between the side end face 51 and the inner end face 52 . The jamming phenomenon can be further avoided, and the crop can smoothly enter the inside of the header body 1.
  • the projection edge of the rotating body 411 on the horizontal plane coincides with the projection of the side end surface 51 on the horizontal plane. See FIG. 7.
  • This arrangement can increase the effective working part of the dial tooth 412 of the dial star 41. Conducive to improving the compactness of the structure.
  • a crop divider 6 and a vertical cutter device 7 are installed on either side of the header body 1.
  • the crop divider 6 can separate crop plants in the harvesting area from the area to be harvested, and the vertical cutter device 7 can Cut the plants that have not been completely separated to avoid tangling and pulling the crop plants in the harvest area and the area to be harvested.
  • Both the above-mentioned crop divider 6 and the vertical cutter device 7 can adopt the existing technology.
  • the dial star 41, the guide plate 5, the crop divider 6, and the vertical cutter device 7 are all installed on a bracket 8, and the bracket 8 is detachably installed on the header body 1 through fasteners. on.
  • the header body 1 can adopt the original structure of the existing combine harvester, just remove the reel on the existing header, and transfer the belt to the star wheel 41, the guide plate 5, the grain divider 6 and the vertical cutting machine.
  • the bracket 8 of the knife device 7 can be installed on the cutting table, which can be used in conjunction with the existing cutting table quickly and conveniently, without changing other structures of the existing cutting table, so that one machine can be used for multiple purposes, and the cost of using the machine can be reduced.
  • the bracket 8 is provided with a transmission shaft 80 for connecting with the power system of the header body 1 to obtain power.
  • the bracket 8 is provided with a support rod 81 corresponding to each of the transmission star wheels 41, and each of the transmission star wheels is provided with a support rod 81.
  • 41 is rotatably mounted on the corresponding support rod 81 through a bearing mechanism, and each dialing star 41 is connected to the transmission shaft 80 through a transmission mechanism; the vertical cutter device 7 is connected to the transmission shaft 80 and is driven by the vertical cutter device 7 action.
  • the above-mentioned transmission mechanism includes a transition shaft 91.
  • the transition shaft 91 is connected to the transmission shaft 80 through a bevel gear transmission mechanism 92.
  • the rotating shaft of the dial star 41 is connected to the transition shaft through a sprocket mechanism 93. 91 connected.
  • a bushing is detachably mounted on the header body 1
  • a power transmission shaft 94 is installed in the bushing
  • the power transmission shaft 94 is connected to the header body 1 through the transmission mechanism.
  • the power system is connected to the transmission shaft 80, so as to transmit the power of the power system of the header body 1 to the transmission shaft 80.
  • This structure is also convenient for modification on the existing header.
  • the shaft sleeve is installed on the header body 1 through a hoop, which has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to assemble and disassemble.
  • the vertical cutter device 7 includes two vertical movable blades 71 that are slidably mounted on the bracket 8 up and down, and each vertical movable blade 71 is converted by a drive.
  • the mechanism is connected with the transmission shaft 80 and is driven by the transmission shaft 80 to move in a mutual displacement.
  • the drive conversion mechanism includes a drive link 72 and an eccentric wheel 801 fixed on the drive shaft 80.
  • One end of the drive link 72 is sleeved on the eccentric wheel.
  • the rotating sleeve 721 on the 801 and capable of rotating relative to the eccentric wheel 801, the other end of the driving link 72 is hinged with the vertical moving blade 71.
  • the eccentric wheel 801 rotates synchronously with the transmission shaft 80, thereby forcing the rotating sleeve 721 to move up and down, and the rotating sleeve 721 drives the vertical moving blade 71 to move up and down repeatedly through the drive connecting rod 72.
  • the two eccentric wheels 801 So that the two vertical moving blades 71 can move up and down to cut the plants.
  • the header body 1 and the cutter 2 of this embodiment are both the structure of the existing header.
  • the harvester moves forward, and the rape plants in the harvesting area in front of the harvester approach the rotating transfer star 41 under the guidance of the guide channel 3, and the transfer star 41
  • the plant is pushed into the header body 1, and at the same time, the plant is cut by the cutter 2 on the header body 1, and the cut plants are transferred to the header body 1 by the star wheel 41 for subsequent transportation. , Threshing, cleaning and other processes.
  • the crop divider 6 separates the plants in the harvesting area from the plants to be harvested, and the undivided plants are cut and separated by the vertical cutter device 7 to prevent the harvesting area from being entangled and pulled by the plants in the harvesting area.

Abstract

一种割台，包括割台本体（1）和安装在割台本体（1）前端的切割器（2），割台本体（1）的前端设有若干用于将作物植株茎秆引导至割台本体（1）内部的引导通道（3），若干引导通道（3）位于切割器（2）上方且依次间隔布置，每条引导通道（3）均设有用于拨动作物植株茎秆以使作物植株沿引导通道（3）倒至割台本体（1）内部的拨送装置（4）。该割台设计合理、结构简单紧凑、工作稳定可靠，可大大减少收获损失。

Description

一种割台 技术领域
本发明涉及农用机械技术领域，具体涉及一种割台。
背景技术
油菜是我国主要的油料作物，长期以来我国油菜的种植面积和总产量都占全世界的30％左右，但目前我国油菜机械化生产水平特别是油菜机械化收获水平还比较低，全国油菜机械化收获水平只有34％左右。油菜的机械化收获方式主要有两种：联合收获和分段收获。联合收获是指在油菜角果成熟后期，通过联合收割机一次性完成油菜的收割、脱粒和清选等环节的收获方式，具有高效率，省工时等优点，能有效解决种植多茬种植抢工时的问题，但目前油菜联合收获存在的一个很大问题就是收获损失率偏高，这让农民对于油菜联合收获方式接受度降低。
油菜联合收获损失主要有割台落粒损失、脱粒损失、清选损失等，其中割台落粒占总损失比重很大，相关研究表明割台落粒损失占油菜联合收获时总损失率的40％左右，这是因为油菜联合收获时油菜处于完熟期，果荚极易炸裂造成落粒损失。
油菜联合收割机是油菜联合收获的主要机具，现有的油菜联合收割机都是在传统的水稻联合收割机上通过加长割台与竖割刀的方式进行改造，无法解决因机器对油菜果荚打击而做出炸荚落粒的问题，特别是这类机械都配备了拨禾轮，其工作时直接作用在油菜果荚上，炸荚落粒非常严重。因此，设计一种机械结构对油菜果荚打击作用较小的割台，以减少油菜联合收获损失，提高农民对油菜联合收获方式接受度，促进我国油菜生产机械化水平提高具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种可大大减少收获损失，设计合理、结构简单紧凑、工作稳定可靠的割台。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种割台，包括割台本体和安装在割台本体前端的切割器，所述割台本体的前端设有若干用于将作物植株茎秆引导至割台本体内部的引导通道，若干引导通道位于切割器上方且依次间隔布置，每条引导通道均设有用于拨动作物植株茎秆以使作物植株沿引导通道倒至割台本体内部的拨送装置。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：
所述拨送装置包括拨送星轮和用于驱动拨送星轮转动的旋转驱动组件，所述拨送星轮包括星轮转动本体和连接于星轮转动本体上且绕星轮转动本体转动轴线间隔布置的拨送齿。
所述拨送齿用于与作物植株茎秆接触以拨送作物植株茎秆的表面为拨送面，所述拨送面为凸弧面，且沿远离星轮转动本体的方向所述凸弧面逆着拨送星轮转动方向延伸。
所述割台本体上安装有若干依次间隔布置的导向板，任意相邻两块导向板之间形成一条所述引导通道，各引导通道对应的拨送装置的拨送星轮安装在该引导通道任意一侧的导向板下方，所述拨送星轮的转动本体和导向板在同一水平面上的投影满足：转动本体的投影位于导向板的投影内。
各拨送星轮对应的导向板具有作为该拨送星轮对应引导通道的侧壁的侧端面，各导向板朝向割台本体内部的侧面为内端面，所述拨送星轮处于任意转动角度时其拨送齿在所述水平面上的投影位于所述内端面在所述水平面上的投影内，所述侧端面和所述内端面之间设有弧形过渡面。
所述转动本体在所述水平面上的投影边缘与侧端面在所述水平面上的投影重合。
所述割台本体的任意一侧安装有分禾器和竖向割刀装置。
所述拨送星轮、导向板、分禾器和竖向割刀装置均安装在一支架上，所述支架通过紧固件以可拆卸方式安装在割台本体上。
所述支架上设有用于与割台本体的动力系统相连以获取动力的传动轴，所述支架上对应各拨送星轮均设有一支撑杆，各拨送星轮通过轴承机构转动安装在对应的支撑杆上，且各拨送星轮通过传动机构与所述传动轴相连；所述竖向割刀装置与所述传动轴相连并由所述竖向割刀装置驱动动作。
所述竖向割刀装置包括分别上下滑动安装在支架上的两个竖向动刀片，各竖向动刀片通过分别通过一驱动转换机构与所述传动轴相连并由所述传动轴驱使相互错位运动，所述驱动转换机构包括驱动连杆和固设于传动轴上的偏心轮，所述驱动连杆的一端设有套设于偏心轮上并能相对于偏心轮转动的转动套，所述驱动连杆的另一端与竖向动刀片铰接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明的割台在割台本体的前端设置引导通道，每条引导通道对应设置一个拨送装置，由引导通道和拨送装置组合成一套全新的拨禾结构，工作时拨送装置拨动作物植株茎秆，使作物植株沿引导通道倒至割台本体内部，相比于传统采用拨禾轮形式的割台，拨送装置对作物植株的作用点集中在主茎秆，不与作物果荚接触，可避免对作物果荚造成扰动和打击，从而大大减少收获损失，同时该割台具有设计合理、结构简单紧凑、工作稳定可靠的优点。
附图说明
图1为割台的立体结构示意图。
图2为割台的主视结构示意图。
图3为割台的拆分结构示意图。
图4为拨送星轮、导向板、分禾器和竖向割刀装置安装支架上的立体结构示意图。
图5为拨送星轮安装在支撑杆上的拆分结构示意图。
图6为拨送星轮安装在支撑杆上的剖视结构示意图。
图7为拨送星轮与导向板的位置关系示意图。
图8为竖向割刀装置安装支架上的局部立体结构示意图。
图9为驱动连杆与传动轴连接处的局部剖视结构示意图。
图例说明：
1、割台本体；2、切割器；3、引导通道；4、拨送装置；41、拨送星轮；411、转动本体；412、拨送齿；4121、拨送面；5、导向板；51、侧端面；52、内端面；53、弧形过渡面；6、分禾器；7、竖向割刀装置；71、竖向动刀片；72、驱动连杆；721、转动套；8、支架；80、传动轴；801、偏心轮；81、支撑杆；91、过渡轴；92、锥齿轮传动机构；93、链轮机构；94、动力传输轴。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1至图4所示，本实施例的割台，包括割台本体1和安装在割台本体1前端的切割器2，割台本体1的前端设有若干用于将作物植株茎秆引导至割台本体1内部的引导通道3，若干引导通道3位于切割器2上方且依次间隔布置，每条引导通道3均设有用于拨动作物植株茎秆以使作物植株倒至割台本体1内部的拨送装置4。该割台在割台本体1的前端设置引导通道3，每条引导通道3对应设置一个拨送装置4，由引导通道3和拨送装置4组合成一套全新的拨禾结构，工作时拨送装置4拨动作物植株茎秆，使作物植株沿引导通道3倒至割台本体1内部，相比于传统采用拨禾轮形式的割台，拨送装置4对作物植株的作用点集中在主茎秆，不与作物果荚接触，可避免对作物果荚造成扰动和打击，从而大大减少收获损失，同时该割台具有设计合理、结构简单紧凑、工作稳定可靠的优点。该割台尤其适用于油菜、大豆等在收获时易产生炸荚的作物收获作业。
本实施例中，拨送装置4包括拨送星轮41和用于驱动拨送星轮41转动的旋转驱动组件，拨送星轮41包括星轮转动本体411和连接于星轮转动本体411上且绕星轮转动本体411转动轴线间隔布置的拨送齿412。拨送装置4采用带拨送齿412的拨送星轮41，其结构简单紧凑、成本低。
本实施例中，拨送齿412用于与作物植株茎秆接触以拨送作物植株茎秆的表面为拨送面4121，拨送面4121为凸弧面，且沿远离星轮转动本体411的方向凸弧面逆着拨送星轮41转 动方向延伸。这样可防止茎秆卡在拨送齿412与引导通道3侧壁之间，避免卡死现象。
本实施例中，割台本体1上安装有若干依次间隔布置的导向板5，任意相邻两块导向板5之间形成一条引导通道3，各引导通道3对应的拨送装置4的拨送星轮41安装在该引导通道3任意一侧的导向板5下方，拨送星轮41的转动本体411和导向板5在同一水平面上的投影满足：转动本体411的投影位于导向板5的投影内。参见图7，转动本体411的投影位于导向板5的投影内，可避免不起拨动作用的转动本体411伸入引导通道3内而占用导向空间，有利于提高结构紧凑性，同时可减少茎秆缠绕。
优选的，导向板5的前端为具有竖直分禾面的尖端结构，能够提高分禾效果，避免茎秆折断。
本实施例中，各拨送星轮41对应的导向板5具有作为该拨送星轮41对应引导通道3的侧壁的侧端面51，各导向板5朝向割台本体1内部的侧面为内端面52，拨送星轮41处于任意转动角度时其拨送齿412在水平面上的投影位于内端面52在水平面上的投影内，侧端面51和内端面52之间设有弧形过渡面53。能够进一步避免卡死现象，使作物能够顺畅的进入割台本体1内部。
本实施例中，转动本体411在水平面上的投影边缘与侧端面51在水平面上的投影重合，参见图7，该设置能够增大拨送星轮41的拨送齿412的有效工作部分，有利于提高结构紧凑性。
本实施例中，割台本体1的任意一侧安装有分禾器6和竖向割刀装置7，分禾器6能收割区与待收割区的作物植株分开，竖向割刀装置7能将未被完全分开的植株剪断分开，避免收割区与待收割区的作物植株缠绕拉扯。上述分禾器6和竖向割刀装置7均可采用现有技术。
本实施例中，拨送星轮41、导向板5、分禾器6和竖向割刀装置7均安装在一支架8上，支架8通过紧固件以可拆卸方式安装在割台本体1上。割台本体1可以采用现有联合收割机的原有结构，只需卸掉现有割台上的拨禾轮，将带拨送星轮41、导向板5、分禾器6和竖向割刀装置7的支架8安装到割台上即可，能够快速便捷的与已有割台配合使用，不需要改变现有割台的其他结构，能够实现一机多用，减少机具使用成本。
本实施例中，支架8上设有用于与割台本体1的动力系统相连以获取动力的传动轴80，支架8上对应各拨送星轮41均设有一支撑杆81，各拨送星轮41通过轴承机构转动安装在对应的支撑杆81上，且各拨送星轮41通过传动机构与传动轴80相连；竖向割刀装置7与传动轴80相连并由竖向割刀装置7驱动动作。不需要另外单独设置驱动装置，可提高结构简单紧凑性，降低成本。
优选的，如图5和图6所示，上述传动机构包括过渡轴91，过渡轴91通过锥齿轮传动 机构92与传动轴80相连，拨送星轮41的转轴通过链轮机构93与过渡轴91相连。
优选的，如图1和图3所示，割台本体1上以可拆卸方式安装有轴套，轴套中安装有动力传输轴94，动力传输轴94分别通过传动机构与割台本体1的动力系统和传动轴80相连，从而将割台本体1的动力系统的动力传递至传动轴80，该结构也便于在现有割台上进行改造。进一步优选的，轴套通过抱箍安装在割台本体1上，其结构简单、成本低，易于装卸。
本实施例中，如图8和图9所示，竖向割刀装置7包括分别上下滑动安装在支架8上的两个竖向动刀片71，各竖向动刀片71通过分别通过一驱动转换机构与传动轴80相连并由传动轴80驱使相互错位运动，驱动转换机构包括驱动连杆72和固设于传动轴80上的偏心轮801，驱动连杆72的一端设有套设于偏心轮801上并能相对于偏心轮801转动的转动套721，驱动连杆72的另一端与竖向动刀片71铰接。传动轴80转动时，偏心轮801随传动轴80同步转动，从而迫使转动套721上下运动，转动套721再通过驱动连杆72驱使竖向动刀片71上下反复运动，通过配置两个偏心轮801，可使两个竖向动刀片71上下错位运动，从而剪断植株。
本实施例的割台本体1和切割器2均为现有割台的结构。
本实施例的割台安装在收割机上进行作业时，收割机往前行走，收割机前方收割区的油菜植株在引导通道3的引导作用下靠近旋转的拨送星轮41，拨送星轮41将植株往割台本体1内推送，与此同时植株被去割台本体1上的切割器2切断，切断后的植株被拨送星轮41拨倒至割台本体1内，进行后续的输送、脱粒、清选等工序。同步的，分禾器6将收割区与待收割区的植株分开，未被分开的植株则被竖向割刀装置7剪断分开，避免收割区域被收割区植株缠绕拉扯。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术构思前提下所得到的改进和变换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种割台，包括割台本体(1)和安装在割台本体(1)前端的切割器(2)，其特征在于：所述割台本体(1)的前端设有若干用于将作物植株茎秆引导至割台本体(1)内部的引导通道(3)，若干引导通道(3)位于切割器(2)上方且依次间隔布置，每条引导通道(3)均设有用于拨动作物植株茎秆以使作物植株沿引导通道(3)倒至割台本体(1)内部的拨送装置(4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的割台，其特征在于：所述拨送装置(4)包括拨送星轮(41)和用于驱动拨送星轮(41)转动的旋转驱动组件，所述拨送星轮(41)包括星轮转动本体(411)和连接于星轮转动本体(411)上且绕星轮转动本体(411)转动轴线间隔布置的拨送齿(412)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的割台，其特征在于：所述拨送齿(412)用于与作物植株茎秆接触以拨送作物植株茎秆的表面为拨送面(4121)，所述拨送面(4121)为凸弧面，且沿远离星轮转动本体(411)的方向所述凸弧面逆着拨送星轮(41)转动方向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的割台，其特征在于：所述割台本体(1)上安装有若干依次间隔布置的导向板(5)，任意相邻两块导向板(5)之间形成一条所述引导通道(3)，各引导通道(3)对应的拨送装置(4)的拨送星轮(41)安装在该引导通道(3)任意一侧的导向板(5)下方，所述拨送星轮(41)的转动本体(411)和导向板(5)在同一水平面上的投影满足：转动本体(411)的投影位于导向板(5)的投影内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的割台，其特征在于：各拨送星轮(41)对应的导向板(5)具有作为该拨送星轮(41)对应引导通道(3)的侧壁的侧端面(51)，各导向板(5)朝向割台本体(1)内部的侧面为内端面(52)，所述拨送星轮(41)处于任意转动角度时其拨送齿(412)在所述水平面上的投影位于所述内端面(52)在所述水平面上的投影内，所述侧端面(51)和所述内端面(52)之间设有弧形过渡面(53)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的割台，其特征在于：所述转动本体(411)在所述水平面上的投影边缘与侧端面(51)在所述水平面上的投影重合。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的割台，其特征在于：所述割台本体(1)的任意一侧安装有分禾器(6)和竖向割刀装置(7)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的割台，其特征在于：所述拨送星轮(41)、导向板(5)、分禾器(6)和竖向割刀装置(7)均安装在一支架(8)上，所述支架(8)通过紧固件以可拆卸方式安装在割台本体(1)上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的割台，其特征在于：所述支架(8)上设有用于与割台本体(1)的动力系统相连以获取动力的传动轴(80)，所述支架(8)上对应各拨送星轮(41)均设有一支撑杆(81)，各拨送星轮(41)通过轴承机构转动安装在对应的支撑杆(81)上，且各拨 送星轮(41)通过传动机构与所述传动轴(80)相连；所述竖向割刀装置(7)与所述传动轴(80)相连并由所述竖向割刀装置(7)驱动动作。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的割台，其特征在于：所述竖向割刀装置(7)包括分别上下滑动安装在支架(8)上的两个竖向动刀片(71)，各竖向动刀片(71)通过分别通过一驱动转换机构与所述传动轴(80)相连并由所述传动轴(80)驱使相互错位运动，所述驱动转换机构包括驱动连杆(72)和固设于传动轴(80)上的偏心轮(801)，所述驱动连杆(72)的一端设有套设于偏心轮(801)上并能相对于偏心轮(801)转动的转动套(721)，所述驱动连杆(72)的另一端与竖向动刀片(71)铰接。
PCT/CN2020/101370 2019-09-20 2020-07-10 一种割台 WO2021051971A1 (zh)

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