WO2021051315A1 - 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法 - Google Patents

模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021051315A1
WO2021051315A1 PCT/CN2019/106488 CN2019106488W WO2021051315A1 WO 2021051315 A1 WO2021051315 A1 WO 2021051315A1 CN 2019106488 W CN2019106488 W CN 2019106488W WO 2021051315 A1 WO2021051315 A1 WO 2021051315A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
modular multilevel
multilevel converter
switch
modular
discharge circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/106488
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2021051315A8 (zh
Inventor
张文平
巴鲁施卡dian伦纳特
廖华
Original Assignee
西门子股份公司
西门子(中国)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 西门子股份公司, 西门子(中国)有限公司 filed Critical 西门子股份公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/106488 priority Critical patent/WO2021051315A1/zh
Priority to CN201980099643.7A priority patent/CN115428319A/zh
Priority to EP19945760.7A priority patent/EP4016823A4/en
Publication of WO2021051315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021051315A1/zh
Publication of WO2021051315A8 publication Critical patent/WO2021051315A8/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • H02J3/1857Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters wherein such bridge converter is a multilevel converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to the field of circuit technology, and more specifically, to a modular multi-level converter and a discharge method thereof.
  • Modular Multilevel Converter In DC transmission, micro-grid or renewable energy applications, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) system offers many advantages over traditional voltage source converters. There are two common connections in the MMC system, namely the “double star” connection and the “delta” connection. For the modular multi-level converter with “delta” connection, for example, it can be used in STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator).
  • STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
  • Fig. 1 shows a topology diagram of a triangular MMC system 100 in the prior art.
  • the block 102 is a triangular-shaped connection modular multilevel converter
  • the block 108 is the AC power supply side.
  • the MMC includes three branches ab, ac and bc connected in a triangular shape. A, b, and c are the intersections of the two branches respectively.
  • Each branch includes N sub-modules SM ab1 -SM abn , SM ac1 -SM acn and SM bc1 -SM bcn of modular multilevel converters .
  • Each sub-module has a capacitor.
  • the capacitance of the sub-module is called the sub-module capacitance, and they are all marked as 110. Pay little a, b, c, respectively, through the inductor L a, L b, L c and a power switch S a, S b and S c connected to AC power v a, v b, and v c.
  • the energy of each sub-module capacitor 110 should be released, so as to ensure the safety of the system. Therefore, how to quickly release the energy of the sub-module capacitor is a common problem for MMC.
  • the number of components added for discharging should be as small as possible, which can reduce system cost and complexity.
  • FIG. 2 shows a topological diagram of an MMC system 200 with a discharge circuit according to the prior art.
  • a discharge circuit 206 (including a three-phase switch and three discharge resistors) is installed on the AC (alternating current power supply) side 208. When the energy of the sub-module capacitor is released, the switch of the discharge circuit 206 is turned on.
  • One of the disadvantages of this solution is that the number of added components is relatively large.
  • FIG. 3 shows another topology diagram of an MMC system 300 with a discharge circuit according to the prior art, in which a discharge circuit (circuit in a dashed frame) is installed for each sub-module.
  • a discharge circuit circuit in a dashed frame
  • the corresponding relay is turned on. In this way, the energy of the sub-module capacitor can be released in the corresponding discharge resistor.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that the number of additional components is very large.
  • FIG. 4 shows another MMC system 400 with a discharge circuit according to the prior art, in which a large resistor (the circuit in the dashed frame) is connected to each sub-module capacitor.
  • the energy of the sub-module capacitance can be released in the corresponding discharge resistance.
  • the main disadvantages of this scheme are: firstly, the discharge time is relatively long, and secondly, during normal operation, these increased resistances will consume energy, which will reduce the system efficiency.
  • a modular multilevel converter including: a triangular modular multilevel converter, wherein the triangular modular multilevel converter At least one of the branches is connected with a discharge circuit.
  • the discharge circuit includes at least one switch and at least one resistor connected in parallel.
  • the switch is a contactor or a power semiconductor device.
  • a modular multilevel converter including: a double star type modular multilevel converter, wherein the following At least one of the positions is connected to a discharge circuit: between the upper arms of any two of the three phases, between the lower arms of any two of the three phases, and between the upper arms of any of the three phases. On the upper bridge arm and on the lower bridge arm of any of the three phases.
  • the discharge circuit includes at least one switch and at least one resistor connected in parallel.
  • the switch is a contactor or a power semiconductor device.
  • a method for discharging the modular multilevel converter as described above including: when the modular multilevel converter is working normally, the switch of the discharge circuit is maintained On; when the modular multilevel converter is off, the switch of the discharging circuit is off, and the resistance of the discharging circuit releases the sub-module capacitance of the modular multilevel converter In the energy.
  • the switch of the discharging circuit when the modular multilevel converter is turned off, the switch of the discharging circuit is turned off, and the resistance of the discharging circuit releases the modular multilevel converter.
  • the energy in the capacitor of the sub-module of the level converter includes: the drive signal output by the control system of the modular multilevel converter is blocked, so that the output current of the modular multilevel converter is reduced Is zero; the modular multilevel converter is disconnected from the AC power supply; the switch is opened so that the resistor is inserted into the branch of the modular multilevel converter; the control system The output drive signal is released again, so that the modular multi-level converter generates a circulating current; and when the circulating current flows through the resistor, the sub-module capacitor of the modular multi-level converter The energy is released.
  • the magnitude of the circulating current is controlled by a circulating current reference in the control system
  • the circulating current reference includes: a current and a current provided by an energy balance loop of the control system
  • An additional current component provided by the additional current component generating unit of the control system, wherein the current provided by the energy balance loop is used to balance the energy of the branches of the modular multilevel converter, and the The additional current component is used to adjust the size of the circulating current.
  • the additional current component is direct current or alternating current.
  • the modular multilevel converter according to the present disclosure can only add a switch and a resistor, and the number of added components is small, which can save system cost, reduce system volume and the complexity.
  • the discharge time can also be controlled.
  • FIG. 1 shows the topology of a triangular modular multilevel converter (MMC) system in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 shows a topology diagram of an MMC with a discharge circuit in the prior art
  • Fig. 3 shows a topology diagram of an MMC with a discharge circuit in the prior art
  • Figure 4 shows a topology diagram of a prior art MMC with a discharge circuit
  • Fig. 5 shows a circuit topology diagram of an MMC system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 6a-6c show schematic diagrams of a specific process of discharging the MMC according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 shows a circuit topology diagram of an MMC system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Reference number
  • Triangular MMC system 102 Triangular MMC
  • MMC system 208 AC power supply
  • Discharge circuit 300 MMC system
  • MMC 508 AC power
  • Control system 601 Drive signal
  • Modulation unit 603 Current loop
  • Discharge circuit 7061 Switch
  • A, B, C Phase A, Phase B, Phase C S ac : AC switch
  • S dc1 , S dc2 DC switch La1 , La2 , La3 , La4 , La5 , La6 :
  • the term “including” and its variations mean open terms, meaning “including but not limited to.”
  • the term “based on” means “based at least in part on.”
  • the terms “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” mean “at least one embodiment.”
  • the term “another embodiment” means “at least one other embodiment.”
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may refer to different or the same objects. Other definitions can be included below, whether explicit or implicit. Unless clearly indicated in the context, the definition of a term is consistent throughout the specification.
  • the present disclosure proposes a modular multi-level converter and a method for discharging the modular multi-level converter.
  • the modular multi-level converter and discharge method according to the present disclosure The method can shorten the discharge time and reduce the number of added components.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit topology diagram of a modular multilevel converter (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC) system 500 according to the present disclosure.
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • the block 502 is the modular multilevel converter according to the present disclosure
  • the block 508 is the AC power supply.
  • the modular multilevel converter in Figure 5 works in a delta connection.
  • the modular multilevel converter 502 adds a discharge circuit 506 to a branch of the triangular modular multilevel converter 504.
  • the triangular modular multilevel converter 504 has a circuit topology similar to that of the triangular connected modular multilevel converter 104 in the prior art shown in FIG. Branches ab, ac and bc. Each branch includes N sub-modules SM ab1 -SM abn , SM ac1 -SM acn and SM bc1 -SM bcn of modular multilevel converters . Each sub-module has a capacitor. For ease of description, all The capacitances of the sub-modules are all called sub-module capacitances, and they are all labeled 510. The specific circuit topology of the triangular modular multilevel converter 504 will not be described in detail here.
  • the discharge circuit 506 may include a switch 5061 and a resistor 5062 connected in parallel.
  • the switch 5061 may be a contactor or a power semiconductor device, such as an IGBT or a MOSFET.
  • the contactor is preferred as a switch because the power loss of the contactor is small.
  • discharge circuit 506 is not limited to only one switch and one resistor, and the switch is not limited to a specific type, and will not be repeated here.
  • the discharge circuit 506 may be connected to any one of the a-b branch, the b-c branch, or the c-a branch of the triangular modular multilevel converter 504.
  • Fig. 6a shows a circuit diagram of the modular multilevel converter system 500 in a normal working state.
  • the switch 5061 of the discharging circuit 506 is turned on, and the resistor 5062 of the discharging circuit 506 is short-circuited. Therefore, the triangular modular multilevel converter 502 There is no effect on the normal operation of the device.
  • the control system used to control the modular multi-level converter 502 can control the modular multi-level converter to provide power to the grid. It can maintain the total energy of the sub-module capacitor 510 of the modular multi-level converter 502 and achieve the balance of branch energy.
  • Fig. 6b shows a schematic block diagram of the control system 600 of the modular multilevel converter 502.
  • the control system 600 in FIG. 6b includes a driving signal 601, a modulation unit 602, a current loop 603, an energy loop 604, a reactive power loop 605, an energy balance loop 606, an additional current component generating unit 607, and the like.
  • the switch of the additional current component generating unit 607 of the control system 600 is turned off, that is, no additional current component is generated.
  • Figure 6c shows a circuit diagram of the modular multilevel converter 502 when it is turned off.
  • the drive signal 601 for all sub-modules of the modular multi-level converter 502 output by the control system 600 is blocked.
  • the output current of the modular multilevel converter 502 is reduced to zero, and then the power switches Sa to Sc in FIG. 6c are turned off, so that the modular multilevel converter 502 is disconnected from the AC power supply 508.
  • the switch 5061 of the discharge circuit 506 is turned off, so that the resistor 5062 of the discharge circuit 506 is inserted into the branch of the modular multilevel converter 502 and starts to work.
  • the drive signal 601 output by the control system 600 is activated again, thereby generating a circulating current in the modular multilevel converter 502.
  • the sub-module capacitor 510 can be released. energy of.
  • the size of the circulation is controlled by the circulation reference in the control system 600.
  • the circulating current reference includes two parts, one part is the current provided by the energy balance loop 606 of the control system 600, and the current is used to balance the various branches of the modular multilevel converter 502.
  • the other part is the additional current component provided by the additional current component generating unit 607 of the control system 600.
  • the additional current component can be a DC component or an AC component.
  • This additional current component can increase the size of the circulating current, which can speed up the discharge process. Moreover, by adjusting the current value of this additional current component, the discharge time can be adjusted.
  • the DC component is more effective than the AC component in shortening the discharge time.
  • the modular multilevel converter according to the present disclosure can only add a switch and a resistor, and the number of added components is small, which can save system cost, reduce system volume and the complexity.
  • the discharge time can also be controlled.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary topology diagram of a modular multi-level converter system 700 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the block 702 is a modular multilevel converter according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, where the block 708 is an AC power supply, and the block 701 is a DC side.
  • the modular multilevel converter 704 in FIG. 7 works in a double star connection mode.
  • the modular multilevel converter 702 according to the present disclosure shown in FIG. 7 is a double star type modular multilevel converter 704 between the upper bridge arm of the B phase and the upper bridge arm of the C phase. Discharge circuit 706.
  • the specific circuit topology of the dual-star modular multilevel converter 704 is not described in detail here, and the discharge circuit 706 is mainly described.
  • the discharge circuit 706 includes a switch 7061 and a resistor 7062 connected in parallel.
  • the switch 7061 may be a contactor or a power semiconductor device, such as an IGBT or a MOSFET.
  • a contactor is selected as the switch because the contactor loss is small.
  • discharge circuit 706 is not limited to only one switch and one resistor, and the switch is not limited to a specific type, and will not be repeated here.
  • the discharge circuit 706 is connected between the upper bridge arm of the B phase and the upper bridge arm of the C phase of the double star modular multilevel converter 704. It can be understood that the discharge circuit 706 can be connected between the upper bridge arms or between the lower bridge arms of any two phases, and can also be connected to the upper bridge arms or the lower bridge arms of any phase of the A phase, the B phase, and the C phase. .
  • the specific process of the method for discharging the modular multilevel converter 702 shown in FIG. 7 is the same as the method for discharging the modular multilevel converter 502 according to the present disclosure described with reference to FIGS. 6a-6c The specific process is similar and will not be repeated here.

Abstract

模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法。模块化多电平变流器(502),包括:一个三角型模块化多电平变流器(504),其中,所述三角型模块化多电平变流器(504)的至少一个支路上(ab,bc,ac)连接有一个放电电路(506)。

Description

模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法 技术领域
本公开通常涉及电路技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法。
背景技术
在直流输电、微电网或可再生能源应用中,模块化多电平变流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)系统相比于传统的电压源变流器提供了许多优势。MMC系统存在两种常见连接,分别是“双星型”连接和“三角型(delta)”连接。对于“三角型”连接的模块化多电平变流器来说,例如可以应用在STATCOM(静态同步补偿器)中。
图1中示出了现有技术的一个三角型MMC系统100的拓扑图。其中方框102中是三角型连接的模块化多电平变流器,方框108中是交流电源侧。MMC包括三角型连接的三个支路ab、ac和bc,a、b、c分别是两个支路的交点。每个支路分别包括N个模块化多电平变流器的子模块SM ab1-SM abn、SM ac1-SM acn和SM bc1-SM bcn,每个子模块有一个电容,为了便于描述,将所有子模块的电容称为子模块电容,并且都标记为110。交点点a、b、c分别经过电感L a、L b、L c以及电源开关S a、S b和S c连接至交流电源v a、v b和v c
在MMC关断期间,应该释放每个子模块电容110的能量,这样可以确保系统的安全。因此,如何快速地释放子模块电容的能量对于MMC来说是一个普遍的问题。此外,用于放电所增加的部件的数量应该尽可能的少,这样可以减少系统成本和复杂性。
图2示出了一种根据现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC系统200的拓扑图,在AC(交流电源)侧208安装一个放电电路206(包括一个三相开关和三个放电电阻)。在释放子模块电容的能量时,放电电路206的开关接通。这种方案的缺点之一是增加的部件的数量相对较多。
图3示出了另一种根据现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC系统300的拓扑图,其中,针对每个子模块安装放电电路(虚线框内的电路)。在释放子模块电容的能量时,对应的继电器接通。这样,子模块电容的能量可以释放在对应的放电电阻中。这种方案的缺点是增加的部件的数量非常多。
图4示出了又一种根据现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC系统400,其中,给每个子模块电容连接一个大电阻(虚线框内的电路)。在对应的放电电阻中可以释放子模块电容的能量。这种方案的主要缺点是:首先放电时间相对来说很长,其次,在正常工作期间,这些增加的电阻会消耗能量,这会降低系统效率。
发明内容
在下文中给出关于本发明的简要概述,以便提供关于本发明的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解,这个概述并不是关于本发明的穷举性概述。它并不是意图确定本发明的关键或重要部分,也不是意图限定本发明的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念,以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
鉴于上述,根据本公开的一个方面,提供一种模块化多电平变流器,包括:一个三角型模块化多电平变流器,其中,所述三角型模块化多电平变流器的至少一个支路上连接有一个放电电路。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述放电电路包括并联连接的至少一个开关和至少一个电阻。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述开关是接触器或者功率半导体器件。
根据本公开的另一个方面,提供一种模块化多电平变流器,包括:一个双星型模块化多电平变流器,其中,所述双星型模块化多电平变流器的以下位置中的至少一个位置处连接有一个放电电路:三相中的任意两相的上桥臂之间、三相中的任意两相的下桥臂之间、三相中的任一相的上桥臂上、三相中的任一相的下桥臂上。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述放电电路包括并联连接的至少一个开关和至少一个电阻。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述开关是接触器或者功率半导体器件。
根据本公开的另一个方面,提供一种对根据以上所述的模块化多电平变流器进行放电的方法,包括:在模块化多电平变流器正常工作时,放电电路的开关保持接通;在所述模块化多电平变流器关断时,所述放电电路的开关断开,所述放电电路的电阻释放所述所述模块化多电平变流器的子模块电容中的能量。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,在所述模块化多电平变流器关断时,所述放电电路的开关断开,所述放电电路的电阻释放所述所述模块化多电平变流器的子模块电容中的能量包括:所述模块化多电平变流器的控制系统输出的驱动信号被封锁,使得所述模块化多电平变流器的输出电流减小为零;所述模块化多电平变流器与交流电源断开;所述开关断开以使得所述电阻被插入所述模块化多电平变流器的支路中;所述控制系统输出的驱动信号被再次放开,使得所述模块化多电平变流器产生环流;以及在所述环流流过所述电阻时,所述模块化多电平变流器的子模块电容中的能量被释放。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述环流的大小由所述控制系统中的环流参考来控制,所述环流参考包括:一个由所述控制系统的能量平衡环路提供的电流和一个由所述控制系统的附加电流分量生成单元提供的附加电流分量,其中,所述能量平衡环路提供的电流用于平衡所述模块化多电平变流器的支路的能量,所述附加电流分量用于调节所述环流的大小。
可选地,在上述方面的一个示例中,所述附加电流分量是直流或者交流。
根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器与现有技术中的电路相比,可以只增加一个开关和一个电阻,增加的部件的数量较少,这样可以节约系统成本、减小系统体积和复杂度。
根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法,可以实现快速放电。因此放电时间被极大的缩短,提高了变流器系统的安全性。
此外,通过调节增加的电流分量的大小来调节环流的大小,还可以控制放电时间。
附图说明
参照下面结合附图对本发明实施例的说明,会更加容易地理解本发明的以上和其它目的、特点和优点。附图中的部件只是为了示出本发明的原理。在附图中,相同的或类似的技术特征或部件将采用相同或类似的附图标记来表示。
图1中示出了现有技术的三角型模块化多电平变流器(MMC)系统的拓扑图;
图2示出了现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC的拓扑图;
图3示出了现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC的拓扑图;
图4示出了现有技术的带有放电电路的MMC的拓扑图;
图5示出了根据本公开的一个实施例的MMC系统的电路拓扑图;
图6a-6c示出了对根据本公开的MMC进行放电的具体过程的示意图;以及
图7示出了根据本公开的另一个实施例的MMC系统的电路拓扑图。附图标记
100:三角型MMC系统          102:三角型MMC
108:交流电源               ab、ac、bc:支路
SM ab1-SM abn、SM ac1-SM acn、   110、510:子模块电容
SM bc1-SM bcn:子模块
a、b、c:交点               L a、L b、L c、L ab、L bc、L ac:电
                            感
S a、S b和S c:电源开关        V a、V b和V c:交流电源
200:MMC系统                208:交流电源
206:放电电路               300:MMC系统
400:MMC系统                500:MMC系统
502:MMC                    508:交流电源
504:三角型MMC              506:放电电路
5061:开关                  5062:电阻
600:控制系统               601:驱动信号
602:调制单元                  603:电流环路
604:能量环路                  605:无功功率环路
606:能量平衡环路              700:MMC系统
702:MMC                       708:交流电源
701:直流侧                    704:双星型MMC
706:放电电路                  7061:开关
7062:电阻                     607:附加电流分量生成单元
A、B、C:A相、B相、C相         S ac:交流开关
S dc1、S dc2:直流开关            L a1、L a2、L a3、L a4、L a5、L a6
                               电感
具体实施方式
现在将参考示例实施方式讨论本文描述的主题。应该理解,讨论这些实施方式只是为了使得本领域技术人员能够更好地理解从而实现本文描述的主题,并非是对权利要求书中所阐述的保护范围、适用性或者示例的限制。可以在不脱离本公开内容的保护范围的情况下,对所讨论的元素的功能和排列进行改变。各个示例可以根据需要,省略、替代或者添加各种过程或组件。例如,所描述的方法可以按照与所描述的顺序不同的顺序来执行,以及各个步骤可以被添加、省略或者组合。另外,相对一些示例所描述的特征在其它例子中也可以进行组合。
如本文中使用的,术语“包括”及其变型表示开放的术语,含义是“包括但不限于”。术语“基于”表示“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”和“一实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”。术语“另一个实施例”表示“至少一个其他实施例”。术语“第一”、“第二”等可以指代不同的或相同的对象。下面可以包括其他的定义,无论是明确的还是隐含的。除非上下文中明确地指明,否则一个术语的定义在整个说明书中是一致的。
为了解决上述问题,本公开提出了一种模块化多电平变流器,以及对该模块化多电平变流器进行放电的方法,根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器和放电方法能够缩短放电时间,并且降低增加部件的数量。
图5示出了根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)系统500的电路拓扑图。
在图5中,方框502中是根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器,方框508中是交流电源。图5中的模块化多电平变流器是以三角型(delta)连接的方式工作。
图5所示的根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器502是在三角型模块化多电平变流器504的一条支路上增加了一个放电电路506。
其中,三角型模块化多电平变流器504与图1所示的现有技术中的三角型连接的模块化多电平变流器104的电路拓扑结构类似,其包括三角型连接的三个支路ab、ac和bc。每个支路分别包括N个模块化多电平变流器的子模块SM ab1-SM abn、SM ac1-SM acn和SM bc1-SM bcn,每个子模块有一个电容,为了便于描述,将所有子模块的电容都称为子模块电容,并且都标记为510。在此对三角型模块化多电平变流器504的具体电路拓扑不再做详细说明。
在本说明书中,主要针对本发明所做出的技术改进进行说明,对于现有技术中常用的电路元件或拓扑结构不再做详细说明。
在一个示例中,放电电路506可以包括并联连接的一个开关5061和一个电阻5062。
具体地,开关5061可以是一个接触器或者功率半导体器件,例如IGBT或者MOSFET。优选接触器作为开关,因为接触器的功率损耗小。
本领域技术人员可以理解,放电电路506不限于只有一个开关和一个电阻,并且开关也不限于特定的类型,在此不再赘述。
其中,放电电路506可以连接在三角型模块化多电平变流器504的a-b支路、b-c支路或者c-a支路中的任一条支路上。
下面结合图6a-6c来说明对根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器502进行放电的方法的具体过程。
图6a示出了模块化多电平变流器系统500在正常工作状态下的电路图。当模块化多电平变流器系统500在正常工作状态下工作时,放电电路506的开关5061接通,放电电路506的电阻5062被短路,因此对三角型模块化多电平变流器502的正常工作没有影响。
当模块化多电平变流器系统500在正常工作状态下工作时,用于对模 块化多电平变流器502进行控制的控制系统可以控制模块化多电平变流器向电网提供无功功率,并且可以维持模块化多电平变流器502的子模块电容510的总能量和实现支路能量的平衡。
图6b示出了模块化多电平变流器502的控制系统600的示意性框图。
图6b中的控制系统600包括驱动信号601、调制单元602、电流环路603、能量环路604、无功功率环路605、能量平衡环路606以及附加电流分量生成单元607等。
当模块化多电平变流器502工作在正常工作状态下时,控制系统600的附加电流分量生成单元607的开关断开,即不产生附加电流分量。本领域技术人员可以理解当模块化多电平变流器502工作在正常工作状态下时,控制系统600对模块化多电平变流器502进行控制的具体过程,在此对于控制系统600的具体电路结构及在正常工作状态下的控制操作不做详述。
图6c示出了模块化多电平变流器502关断时的电路图。
在模块化多电平变流器502开始关断时,控制系统600输出的对于模块化多电平变流器502的所有子模块的驱动信号601被封锁(block)。模块化多电平变流器502的输出电流减小为零,然后图6c中的电源开关Sa~Sc被断开,使得模块化多电平变流器502与交流电源508断开。同时,放电电路506的开关5061断开,使得放电电路506的电阻5062插入到模块化多电平变流器502的支路中开始工作。
接着,控制系统600输出的驱动信号601被再次激活,从而在模块化多电平变流器502中产生一个环流(circulating current),当环流流过电阻5062时,就可以释放子模块电容510中的能量。
环流的大小是由控制系统600中的环流参考来控制的。在根据本公开的放电方法中,环流参考包括两个部分,一个部分是由控制系统600的能量平衡环路606提供的电流,该电流用于平衡模块化多电平变流器502的各个支路的能量;另一个部分是由控制系统600的附加电流分量生成单元607提供的附加电流分量,附加电流分量可以是一个直流分量也可以是交流分量。
通过这个附加电流分量可以增大环流的大小,从而可以加快放电过程。而且,通过调节这个附加电流分量的电流值,可以调整放电时间。
此外,要说明的是,在缩短放电时间方面,直流分量比交流分量更加有效。
另外要说明的一点是,在子模块电容的能量放电过程期间对于控制系统的电源的影响:如果控制系统的电源的来源是来自交流电网,则在电容电压放电过程期间,控制系统的电源不受到影响。另一种情况是控制系统的电源的来源是直接来自子模块电容。在这种情况下,可以在控制系统的电源的输入中增加一个大的缓冲电容。该缓冲电容可以在子模块电容放电过程期间有足够能量维持控制系统电源的正常工作。
根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器与现有技术中的电路相比,可以只增加一个开关和一个电阻,增加的部件的数量较少,这样可以节约系统成本、减小系统体积和复杂度。
根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法,可以实现快速放电。因此放电时间被极大的缩短,提高了变流器系统的安全性。
此外,通过调节增加的电流分量的大小来调节环流的大小,还可以控制放电时间。
图7是根据本公开的另一个实施例的模块化多电平变流器系统700的示例性拓扑图。
在图7中,方框702中是根据本公开的另一个实施例的模块化多电平变流器,其中,方框708中是交流电源,方框701中是直流侧。图7中的模块化多电平变流器704是以双星型(double star)连接的方式工作。
图7所示的根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器702是在双星型模块化多电平变流器704的B相的上桥臂和C相的上桥臂之间增加了一个放电电路706。
在此对双星型模块化多电平变流器704的具体电路拓扑不做详细说明,主要说明放电电路706。
在一个示例中,放电电路706包括并联连接的一个开关7061和一个电阻7062。
具体地,开关7061可以是一个接触器或者功率半导体器件,例如IGBT或者MOSFET。优选地,选用接触器作为开关,因为接触器损耗小。
本领域技术人员可以理解,放电电路706不限于只有一个开关和一个电阻,并且开关也不限于特定的类型,在此不再赘述。
在图7中,放电电路706是连接在双星型模块化多电平变流704的B相的上桥臂和C相的上桥臂之间。可以理解,放电电路706可以连接在任意两相的上桥臂之间或者下桥臂之间,也可以连接A相、B相和C相中的任意一相的上桥臂或者下桥臂上。
对于图7所示的模块化多电平变流器702进行放电的方法的具体过程与参照图6a-6c所说明的对根据本公开的模块化多电平变流器502进行放电的方法的具体过程类似,在此不再赘述。
上面结合附图阐述的具体实施方式描述了示例性实施例,但并不表示可以实现的或者落入权利要求书的保护范围的所有实施例。在整个本说明书中使用的术语“示例性”意味着“用作示例、实例或例示”,并不意味着比其它实施例“优选”或“具有优势”。出于提供对所描述技术的理解的目的,具体实施方式包括具体细节。然而,可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实施这些技术。在一些实例中,为了避免对所描述的实施例的概念造成难以理解,公知的结构和装置以框图形式示出。
本公开内容的上述描述被提供来使得本领域任何普通技术人员能够实现或者使用本公开内容。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,对本公开内容进行的各种修改是显而易见的,并且,也可以在不脱离本公开内容的保护范围的情况下,将本文所定义的一般性原理应用于其它变型。因此,本公开内容并不限于本文所描述的示例和设计,而是与符合本文公开的原理和新颖性特征的最广范围相一致。

Claims (10)

  1. 模块化多电平变流器(502),包括:
    一个三角型模块化多电平变流器(504),其中,
    所述三角型模块化多电平变流器(504)的至少一个支路(ab,bc,ca)上连接有一个放电电路(506)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的模块化多电平变流器(502),其中,所述放电电路(506)包括并联连接的至少一个开关(5061)和至少一个电阻(5062)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的模块化多电平变流器(502),其中,所述开关(5061)是接触器或者功率半导体器件。
  4. 模块化多电平变流器(702),包括:
    一个双星型模块化多电平变流器(704),其中,
    所述双星型模块化多电平变流器(704)的以下位置中的至少一个位置处连接有一个放电电路(706):三相(A,B,C)中的任意两相的上桥臂之间、三相(A,B,C)中的任意两相的下桥臂之间、三相(A,B,C)中的任一相的上桥臂上、三相(A,B,C)中的任一相的下桥臂上。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的模块化多电平变流器(702),其中,所述放电电路(706)包括并联连接的至少一个开关(7061)和至少一个电阻(7062)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的模块化多电平变流器(702),其中,所述开关(7061)是接触器或者功率半导体器件。
  7. 用于对根据权利要求1-3或4-6中任意一项所述的模块化多电平变流器(502,702)进行放电的方法,包括:
    在模块化多电平变流器(502,702)正常工作时,放电电路(506,706)的开关(5061,7061)保持接通;
    在所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)关断时,所述放电电路(506,706)的开关(5061,7061)断开,所述放电电路(506,706)的电阻(5062,7062)释放所述所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)子模块电容(510,710)中的能量。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,在所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)关断时,所述放电电路(506,706)的开关(5061,7061)断开,所述放电电路(506,706)的电阻(5062,7062)释放所述所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的子模块电容(510,710)中的能量包括:
    用于控制所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的控制系统(600)输出的驱动信号(601)被封锁,使得所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的输出电流减小为零;
    所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)与交流电源(508,708)断开;
    所述开关(5061,7061)断开以使得所述电阻(5062,7062)被插入所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的支路中;
    所述控制系统(600)输出的驱动信号(601)被再次激活,使得所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)产生环流;以及
    在所述环流流过所述电阻(5062,7062)时,所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的子模块电容(510,710)中的能量被释放。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述环流的大小由所述控制系统(600)中的环流参考来控制,所述环流参考包括:一个由所述控制系统(600)的能量平衡环路(606)提供的电流和一个由所述控制系统(600)的附加电流分量生成单元(607)提供的附加电流分量,其中,所述能量平衡环路(606)提供的电流用于平衡所述模块化多电平变流器(502,702)的支路的能量,所述附加电流分量用于调节所述环流的大小。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,
    所述附加电流分量是直流或者交流。
PCT/CN2019/106488 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法 WO2021051315A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2019/106488 WO2021051315A1 (zh) 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法
CN201980099643.7A CN115428319A (zh) 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法
EP19945760.7A EP4016823A4 (en) 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER AND METHOD OF DISCHARGE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2019/106488 WO2021051315A1 (zh) 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021051315A1 true WO2021051315A1 (zh) 2021-03-25
WO2021051315A8 WO2021051315A8 (zh) 2022-05-05

Family

ID=74883317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/106488 WO2021051315A1 (zh) 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4016823A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN115428319A (zh)
WO (1) WO2021051315A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102064555A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2011-05-18 中电普瑞科技有限公司 采用机械开关的链式statcom链节单元旁路结构
CN102931863A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2013-02-13 华北电力大学 一种建立模块化多电平换流器的混合结构模型的方法
CN203399013U (zh) * 2013-07-09 2014-01-15 上海交通大学 基于三电平h桥级联的静止同步补偿器及电压源逆变模块
CN103597693A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 Abb技术有限公司 用于对链式转换器去能量的方法、控制器、计算机程序和计算机程序产品
WO2017102033A1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 Abb Schweiz Ag Voltage balancing in a modular multilevel converter having delta configuration
CN206727898U (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-12-08 国家电网公司 一种模块化多电平换流器分层放电控制系统

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6261491B2 (ja) * 2014-11-19 2018-01-17 三菱電機株式会社 電力変換装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102064555A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2011-05-18 中电普瑞科技有限公司 采用机械开关的链式statcom链节单元旁路结构
CN103597693A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 Abb技术有限公司 用于对链式转换器去能量的方法、控制器、计算机程序和计算机程序产品
CN102931863A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2013-02-13 华北电力大学 一种建立模块化多电平换流器的混合结构模型的方法
CN203399013U (zh) * 2013-07-09 2014-01-15 上海交通大学 基于三电平h桥级联的静止同步补偿器及电压源逆变模块
WO2017102033A1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 Abb Schweiz Ag Voltage balancing in a modular multilevel converter having delta configuration
CN206727898U (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-12-08 国家电网公司 一种模块化多电平换流器分层放电控制系统

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP4016823A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4016823A1 (en) 2022-06-22
EP4016823A4 (en) 2023-05-03
WO2021051315A8 (zh) 2022-05-05
CN115428319A (zh) 2022-12-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Qiao et al. A general three-phase PFC controller for rectifiers with a series-connected dual-boost topology
CN102222937B (zh) 一种光伏并网逆变器及其并网控制方法
You et al. Applying reduced general direct space vector modulation approach of AC–AC matrix converter theory to achieve direct power factor controlled three-phase AC–DC matrix rectifier
JP2007166783A (ja) 電力変換装置
JP5132797B2 (ja) 電力変換装置
JP6178433B2 (ja) 電力変換装置
Za'im et al. Photovoltaic flyback microinverter with tertiary winding current sensing
CN104852595B (zh) 桥式模块化多电平开关电容ac‑ac变换器换流方法
JP2002238257A (ja) 共振型dc−dcコンバータの制御方法
CN100511935C (zh) 电压源转换器
WO2021051315A1 (zh) 模块化多电平变流器及其放电方法
CN101572415B (zh) 一种串联型电压质量补偿器的控制方法
CN110661410A (zh) 一种具有保护性质的模块化多电平矩阵变换器启动方法
CN110445406A (zh) 一种pwm整流器的双模态平滑过渡控制方法
US20170179727A1 (en) Power generation system of a multi-converter wind turbine and control method thereof
Yang et al. Individual DC voltage balancing method at zero current mode for cascaded H-bridge based static synchronous compensator
US7233081B2 (en) Power-supply device
TWI464994B (zh) 具無縫併網功能之分散式發電系統及使分散式發電系統無縫併網之方法
CN108649581B (zh) 一种线间多功能故障电流限制系统
JPH09200956A (ja) 交直変換装置の高調波抑制協調制御装置
US7973519B2 (en) Device for transforming a primary AC voltage in a lower AC voltage in a lower AC voltage for supplying an electrical load
CN110572068A (zh) 一种附加控制信号的电流源接入装置
Szromba Shunt power electronic buffer as active filter and energy flow controller
JP2580108B2 (ja) 電力変換装置
JP3903421B2 (ja) 電圧変動補償装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19945760

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2019945760

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20220318