WO2021045476A1 - Tôle d'acier pour formage à chaud, élément formé à chaud et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Tôle d'acier pour formage à chaud, élément formé à chaud et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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WO2021045476A1
WO2021045476A1 PCT/KR2020/011684 KR2020011684W WO2021045476A1 WO 2021045476 A1 WO2021045476 A1 WO 2021045476A1 KR 2020011684 W KR2020011684 W KR 2020011684W WO 2021045476 A1 WO2021045476 A1 WO 2021045476A1
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hot
steel sheet
less
formed member
forming
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PCT/KR2020/011684
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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이재화
조규진
전효식
채동철
손현성
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주식회사 포스코
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Priority to JP2022513945A priority Critical patent/JP7461464B2/ja
Priority to EP20860644.2A priority patent/EP4008800A4/fr
Priority to US17/639,414 priority patent/US20220298595A1/en
Priority to CN202080061905.3A priority patent/CN114391049B/zh
Publication of WO2021045476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021045476A1/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673Quenching devices for die quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02Hardening by precipitation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
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    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236Cold rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0273Final recrystallisation annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004Dispersions; Precipitations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005Ferrite

Definitions

  • the content of Cr in the hot-formed member may be 3.5 to 5.5%.
  • the content of S is less than 0.01%.
  • the steel sheet for hot forming of the present invention contains a ferrite phase and a carbonitride of 20% by volume or less in a microstructure.
  • a ferrite phase and a carbonitride of 20% by volume or less in a microstructure.
  • HPF hot press forming
  • good hot formability is required, and for this purpose, it is necessary to refine the grain size of the ferrite phase.
  • the present invention can exhibit excellent oxidation resistance by controlling the content of Si, Cr, C, and Mn to satisfy Equation (1) even if the plating layer does not exist.
  • the content of oxidation inhibitory elements such as Cr and Si affects the oxidation resistance of the hot-formed member the most, but it is sensitive to the content of C, Mn, etc., which promotes the formation of precipitates and oxides. Equation (1) was derived.
  • the content of Cr and Si is low, the formation of dense Cr and Si oxides on the surface layer is suppressed, and a phenomenon in which thick Fe oxides are formed occurs.
  • the Cr content in the matrix is reduced due to the increase in the generation of Cr carbide, thereby causing the formation of Fe oxide.
  • Mn oxide is formed, resulting in poor surface oxidation resistance.
  • the prepared steel sheet for hot forming is heated to a temperature range of Ac3+50°C to Ac3+200°C at a rate of 1 to 1,000°C/sec.
  • the temperature rise rate is less than 1°C/sec, it is difficult to secure sufficient productivity.
  • the crystal grain size becomes too large to reduce impact toughness, and excessive oxides are formed on the surface of the molded member to reduce spot weldability. If the heating rate exceeds 1,000°C/sec, expensive equipment is required.
  • the hot-formed member is cooled to a temperature of Mf or less at the same time as the hot-formed member, and the cooling rate is preferably controlled at 1 to 1000°C/sec. If the cooling rate is less than 1°C/sec, unwanted ferrite is formed, making it difficult to secure a tensile strength of 1,500 MPa or more. On the other hand, in order to exceed 1,000°C/sec, expensive special cooling equipment is required.
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph showing an example of good (a) moldability and poor (b) moldability when hot forming with a mini-bumper mold.
  • FIG. 2(b) cracks or bursting phenomenon occurred on the surface, and this is indicated as "defective” in Table 2.
  • Fig. 2 (a) when good molding quality is shown, it is marked as "good”.
  • the hydrogen delayed fracture resistance can be inferred through the results of the tensile curve according to the tensile test.
  • the tensile strength leading to fracture after showing the maximum tensile strength As it showed the behavior, it was confirmed that the hydrogen delayed fracture resistance was excellent.
  • Comparative Examples 16 and 17 showed good formability even when Nb was not added, which resulted in a large amount of Cr carbide being produced due to a rather high C content, resulting in more heat deterioration in oxidation resistance, but rather good formability due to oxidation scale. It was identified as a result.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne : une tôle d'acier non plaquée hautement résistante qui est destinée à un formage à chaud et peut convenir à être utilisée dans des éléments structuraux d'automobile qui nécessitent des attributs de résistance à la collision ; un élément formé à chaud ; et un procédé de fabrication de ce dernier. Une tôle d'acier pour formage à chaud et un élément formé à chaud selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention contiennent, en % en poids, 0,05 à 0,3 % de C, 0,5 à 3,0 % de Si, 0,1 à 2,0 % de Mn, 3,0 à 9,0 % de Cr, plus de 0 % et moins de 0,2 % de N et 0,03 à 1,0 % de Nb, le reste comprenant du Fe et des impuretés inévitables.
PCT/KR2020/011684 2019-09-03 2020-09-01 Tôle d'acier pour formage à chaud, élément formé à chaud et son procédé de fabrication WO2021045476A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022513945A JP7461464B2 (ja) 2019-09-03 2020-09-01 熱間成形用鋼板と、熱間成形部材およびその製造方法
EP20860644.2A EP4008800A4 (fr) 2019-09-03 2020-09-01 Tôle d'acier pour formage à chaud, élément formé à chaud et son procédé de fabrication
US17/639,414 US20220298595A1 (en) 2019-09-03 2020-09-01 Steel sheet for hot forming, hot-formed member, and method for manufacturing same
CN202080061905.3A CN114391049B (zh) 2019-09-03 2020-09-01 热成型用钢板、热成型构件及用于制造其的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2019-0108827 2019-09-03
KR1020190108827A KR102279900B1 (ko) 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 열간 성형용 강판, 열간 성형 부재 및 그 제조방법

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US (1) US20220298595A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4008800A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP7461464B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102279900B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114391049B (fr)
WO (1) WO2021045476A1 (fr)

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JP2011063877A (ja) * 2009-08-21 2011-03-31 Jfe Steel Corp ホットプレス部材、ホットプレス部材用鋼板、ホットプレス部材の製造方法
KR20150075277A (ko) 2013-12-25 2015-07-03 주식회사 포스코 용융 도금재 테일러드 블랭크를 이용한 차등 강도 핫 프레스 포밍 부품 제조 방법 및 그 부품
KR20160078851A (ko) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-05 주식회사 포스코 내식성이 우수한 열간성형 부재 및 그 제조방법
KR101696121B1 (ko) 2015-12-23 2017-01-13 주식회사 포스코 내수소지연파괴특성, 내박리성 및 용접성이 우수한 열간성형용 알루미늄-철 합금 도금강판 및 이를 이용한 열간성형 부재
KR101830527B1 (ko) * 2016-09-26 2018-02-21 주식회사 포스코 내식성 및 점용접성이 우수한 열간성형용 냉연강판, 열간성형부재 및 그들의 제조방법
WO2018179839A1 (fr) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Jfeスチール株式会社 Élément pressé à chaud et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément pressé à chaud
KR20180131943A (ko) 2017-06-01 2018-12-11 주식회사 포스코 도금 밀착성이 우수한 열간 프레스 성형 부재용 강판 및 그 제조방법

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JPH07310141A (ja) * 1993-07-09 1995-11-28 Kawasaki Steel Corp 高温多湿環境用耐海水鋼およびその製造方法
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CN114391049A (zh) 2022-04-22
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KR102279900B1 (ko) 2021-07-22
EP4008800A4 (fr) 2022-11-30
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US20220298595A1 (en) 2022-09-22
CN114391049B (zh) 2023-03-03

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