WO2021045236A1 - システム及び装置 - Google Patents
システム及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021045236A1 WO2021045236A1 PCT/JP2020/033841 JP2020033841W WO2021045236A1 WO 2021045236 A1 WO2021045236 A1 WO 2021045236A1 JP 2020033841 W JP2020033841 W JP 2020033841W WO 2021045236 A1 WO2021045236 A1 WO 2021045236A1
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- conductive
- conductive portion
- medium
- conductive part
- functional
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/24—Cells comprising two different electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/26—Cells without oxidising active material, e.g. Volta cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and an apparatus that provides an independent power source.
- a device that is, a battery that uses two different types of metals as electrodes and immerses them in an electrolytic solution to cause an oxidation reaction or reduction reaction at each electrode and create a path for electron flow, such as a voltaic battery or a Daniell cell. ).
- Patent Document 1 As a self-sustaining power source type device used for a sensor or the like, a device using solar power generation (for example, Patent Document 1) has been studied, but it is easily affected by the time of day and the weather, and a stable power supply is provided. There are things you can't do. In addition, a fuel cell system using microorganisms (for example, Patent Document 2) could not obtain a sufficient amount of power generation.
- the liquid used as the electrolyte for batteries can have adverse effects on the human body and the environment, such as the risk of chemical burns, fire or explosion, or the generation of toxic gas, making it extremely difficult to handle the electrolyte. It was a thing. In addition, there is a problem that the cost increases because it is necessary to prevent liquid leakage when commercializing the product.
- At least one object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of providing an independent power source.
- the system according to the present invention includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part, a medium, and a functional part, and the first conductive part and the functional part are connected to each other.
- the conductive portion and the functional portion are connected, and at least a part of the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion is in contact with the medium, and the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion are not in contact with each other.
- the medium is not the electrolytic solution of the battery.
- the first conductive portion is composed of a metal, a conductive polymer or carbon
- the second conductive portion is composed of a metal, a conductive polymer or carbon different from the first conductive portion. preferable.
- the medium contains water and the water content of the medium is 1% by mass or more.
- the functional unit has a conversion function for converting the output impedance.
- the functional unit has a power storage unit, and the power storage unit accumulates the electric charges supplied from the first conductive unit and / or the second conductive unit, and the time required for the storage is shorter than the time required for the storage. It is preferable to have a function of releasing the accumulated charge.
- the functional unit has an output voltage conversion unit.
- the functional unit has a boosting unit.
- the system according to the present invention preferably has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic in the input impedance of the functional unit.
- the system according to the present invention preferably has an input impedance of 1 k ⁇ or more in the functional unit.
- the resistance value between the first conductive part and the second conductive part of the medium is preferably 1 k ⁇ or more.
- the measured value of the polarization resistance of at least one of the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion using the AC impedance method is 100 ⁇ or more.
- the electromotive force generated from the first conductive portion and / or the second conductive portion is preferably 0.9 V or less.
- the distance between the position where the first conductive part comes into contact with the medium and the position where the second conductive part comes into contact with the medium is 1 cm or more.
- the lower limit of the operating voltage of the functional unit is preferably 0.9 V or less.
- the apparatus includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part, a functional part, a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit, and the first conductive part and the functional part are connected to each other.
- the second conductive part and the functional part are connected to each other, and the first conductive part and the second conductive part are non-contact with each other.
- the apparatus according to the present invention is integrally configured with a member in which at least a part of the first conductive portion and / or the second conductive portion does not have conductivity.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration corresponding to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention.
- the system is composed of a first conductive portion 1, a second conductive portion 2, a functional portion 3, and a medium 4.
- the first conductive portion 1 and the functional portion 3, and the functional portion 3 and the second conductive portion 2 are electrically connected to each other.
- Electrically connected means, for example, connected so as to be energized by a conducting wire or the like.
- first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are in contact with the medium 4.
- the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are not in contact with each other.
- the “non-contact” means, for example, a state in which the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are not in direct contact with each other.
- the distance between the position where the first conductive portion 1 contacts the medium 4 and the position where the second conductive portion 2 contacts the medium 4, that is, the distance between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 is 1 cm or more apart. It is preferable that the conductor is separated by 10 cm or more, more preferably 100 cm or more, and particularly preferably 1000 cm (10 m) or more.
- both the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 have conductivity.
- the material of the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 for example, a metal, a conductive polymer, carbon and the like can be mentioned.
- the shapes of the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are not particularly limited. The shapes of the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 may be rectangular parallelepiped, columnar (rod), pyramidal, conical, plate or string, and may be in any shape.
- the metal used for the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 examples include silver, copper, gold, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, nickel, platinum, tin, titanium, stainless steel, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, or In addition, it can be appropriately selected from the oxides of the above-mentioned metals and the like.
- the predetermined metal may be coated with another metal different from the predetermined metal or another conductive material.
- the materials of the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 different kinds of materials may be used, or the same kind of materials may be used.
- a stainless steel columnar rod can be used for the first conductive portion 1
- a zinc columnar rod can be used for the second conductive portion 2.
- the first conductive section 1 and the second conductive section 2 are connected to the functional section 3 or the step-up circuit / step-down circuit by a conducting wire.
- the measured value is preferably 100 ⁇ or more.
- the conductive portion that is the starting point of the current is defined as the first conductive portion 1
- the conductive portion that is the ending point is defined as the second conductive portion 2.
- Which conductive portion functions as the first conductive portion 1 is determined by the material of the conductive portion or the environment surrounding the conductive portion (for example, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, pH, etc.). A chemical reaction is carried out at the interface between the first conductive portion 1 or the second conductive portion 2 and the medium 4, and free electrons are generated in the conductive portion.
- the metal having a lower standard electrode potential is used for the first conductive portion 1, and the metal having a higher standard electrode potential is used.
- the electrons move from the second conductive section 2 toward the functional section 3, and the electrons move from the functional section 3 toward the first conductive section 1. That is, a current is generated from the first conductive portion 1 side to the second conductive portion 2 side via the functional portion 3.
- the metal constituting the conductive portion is eluted as cations in the medium 4 to generate free electrons, and in the first conductive portion 1, the cations in the water of the medium 4 are electrons. Reacts with and is electrically neutralized.
- the high and low of the standard electrode potential is determined by comparing the relative values (relative values) of the standard electrode potentials of the substances, and is not compared by using the absolute value of the standard electrode potentials. For example, when a substance A having a standard electrode potential of ⁇ 5 V and a substance B having a standard electrode potential of + 2 V are compared, the standard electrode potential of the substance A is low and the standard electrode potential of the substance B is high.
- one of the conductive portions is designated as the first conductive portion 1 and the other is conductive depending on the conditions of the surrounding environment of the conductive portion such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and pH.
- the part functions as the second conductive part 2 and a current is generated. Therefore, if the ambient temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, pH, and other conditions of the two conductive parts change, what was functioning as the first conductive part 1 functions as the second conductive part 2 and functions as the second conductive part 2. What has been done may function as the first conductive portion 1.
- the electromotive force generated from the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 is preferably 0.9 V or less, more preferably 0.35 V or less, and further preferably 0.25 V or less. Further, the electromotive force generated from the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 is preferably 5 mV or more.
- the functional unit 3 refers to a unit that executes a predetermined function by being energized, for example.
- the functional unit 3 is a power consuming unit that consumes power and exerts a predetermined function, a power storage unit that stores electricity generated in the conductive unit, and an output voltage conversion that converts an output voltage such as a booster circuit or a step-down circuit. It can include a control unit such as a microcomputer that controls a circuit, a communication unit that can wirelessly communicate with other devices, and the like.
- any of a light source such as an incandescent light bulb or a light emitting diode, a heating element that emits heat, a sounding element that emits sound, a transmitter that emits a signal, or the like can be adopted.
- the power storage unit may be included in a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit.
- a control unit such as a microcomputer can control a circuit to discharge the electricity stored in the power storage unit under predetermined conditions. The released electricity is consumed by the power consumption unit. Further, since the control unit of the microcomputer or the like also consumes a small amount of electric power, it is possible to control so as to discharge the stored electricity while securing the electric power necessary for activating the control unit.
- the functional unit 3 may include any one of a power consumption unit, a power storage unit, an output voltage conversion unit, and a control unit, and any two of the power consumption unit, the power storage unit, the output voltage conversion unit, and the control unit.
- the functional unit 3 may be configured by combining the above. Further, the functional unit 3 may be one in which any two or more of the power consumption unit, the power storage unit, the output voltage conversion unit and the control unit are integrally configured, and the power consumption unit, the power storage unit, and the output voltage conversion unit may be integrally configured. And any of the control units may be configured separately while being electrically connected.
- the input impedance in the functional unit 3 is preferably 1 k ⁇ or more, and more preferably 10 k ⁇ or more. Further, the input impedance of the functional unit 3 preferably has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic (IV characteristic).
- the non-linear current-voltage characteristic means, for example, that in a voltage change when a current is passed through the functional unit 3, the voltage value increases as the current value increases, but the current value increases as the current value increases. This refers to the case where the voltage value required for this purpose increases in a large amount and the voltage is not proportional to the current.
- the current value increases as the voltage value applied to the functional unit 3 increases, but the degree of increase in the current value decreases as the voltage value increases, and the current value is not proportional to the voltage value.
- the input impedance of the functional unit 3 has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic, the electromotive force generated between the first conductive unit 1 and the second conductive unit 2 can be easily maintained.
- the functional unit 3 has a function of converting the output impedance. Thereby, the influence on the input signal of the functional unit 3 can be controlled. Further, the functional unit 3 has a power storage unit and stores electric charges supplied from the first conductive unit and / or the second conductive unit. The control unit controls to release the accumulated electric charge in a time shorter than the time required for accumulating the electric charge.
- the lower limit of the operating voltage of the functional unit 3 is preferably 0.9 V or less. It is more preferable to operate at 0.35 V or less, and further preferably to operate at 20 mV or less.
- the medium 4 may be in any form of gas, liquid, and solid.
- the medium 4 may be in the form of a sol or a gel.
- the medium 4 is not particularly limited as long as it can cause a chemical reaction at the interface with the first conductive portion 1 or the second conductive portion 2.
- the gas is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas when configuring this system, and examples thereof include oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and methane. When a gas is used as the medium 4, only a single type of gas may be used, or a mixture of a plurality of types of these gases may be used.
- the liquid used as the medium 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid when constructing this system, but for example, not only water but also a highly polar organic solvent, a less polar organic solvent, or a non-polar organic solvent is used. Can be used. Further, as the liquid used as the medium 4, a mixture of water and a highly polar organic solvent, a mixture of two or more different organic solvents, an emulsion, or the like can also be used. As the water, not only pure water but also water containing an electrolyte can be used. Among the electrolytes contained in water, the concentration of cations may be 1 mol / L or less, 0.6 mol / L or less, 0.1 mol / L or less, and 0.
- the highly polar organic solvent for example, lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, lower carboxylic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used. Further, as the organic solvent having low polarity, a higher alcohol such as hexanol or octanol, a higher carboxylic acid such as caproic acid or octanol can be used.
- non-polar organic solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, octane and nonane, and aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, octane and nonane
- aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene.
- the solid used as the medium 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid when constructing this system, but may be, for example, wood, plastic, metal, ceramics, concrete, or the like.
- a powdery or granular solid such as sand or soil can be used, and a solid obtained by stacking a plurality of stones or rocks can also be used. it can.
- sand, soil, stones, and rocks are piled up as the medium 4
- fine voids are generated in the medium 4, but even if there are such voids, the medium 4 is physically connected. Just do it.
- those having different compositions and characteristics can be physically connected to form one medium 4.
- the plastic when the plastic is in contact with the first conductive portion 1 and the wood is in contact with the second conductive portion 2, the plastic and the wood are in contact with each other, so that the plastic and the wood function as the medium 4.
- the resistance value between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 of the medium 4 is preferably 1 k ⁇ or more, and more preferably 10 k ⁇ or more.
- the medium 4 may be an insulator.
- An insulator is, for example, a non-conductor, which is a substance having a property of not easily conducting electricity or heat.
- the electrical conductivity of the insulator is preferably 10-5 S / m or less, more preferably 10-8 S / m, and even more preferably 10-11 S / m.
- the medium 4 preferably contains water.
- the water content of the medium 4 such as sand or soil is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and further preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the water content of the medium 4 is preferably 200% by mass or less.
- the water content means the weight of water divided by the sum of the weight of water and the weight of solid content.
- the system according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a first conductive portion 1, a second conductive portion 2, a functional portion 3, and a medium 4.
- the medium 4 is in contact with both the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2, and the functional portion 3 is electrically connected to the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2.
- the system according to the embodiment of the present invention may use the medium 4a and the medium 4b instead of the medium 4.
- the medium 4a and the medium 4b may be different types of media from each other, or may be the same type of medium.
- the media 4a and 4b are housed in different containers and are in a non-contact state.
- the system according to the embodiment of the present invention may electrically connect the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 without using the medium 4. ..
- a plurality of first conductive portions 1a, 1b, ... 1n are electrically arranged in parallel. You may try to connect to.
- a plurality of second conductive portions 2a, 2b, ... 2m (m is an integer of 2 or more) may be electrically connected in parallel.
- a plurality of first conductive portions 1a, 1b, ... 1n may be electrically connected in series.
- a plurality of second conductive portions 2a, 2b, ... 2m may be electrically connected in series.
- a part or all of the first conductive portion 1 is covered with the insulating portion 5a and a part of the second conductive portion 2.
- the entire surface may be covered with the insulating portion 5b.
- the insulating portions 5a and 5b function as the medium 4.
- the insulating portions 5a and 5b may be made of insulators different from each other, or may be made of insulators having the same composition or properties.
- FIGS. 1A to 1E may be combined and configured.
- the combination is not limited as long as it exhibits the effect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram of a booster circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the step-up circuit or step-down circuit is an example of the functional unit 3, and includes a power storage unit.
- the inductor L, the diode D, the transistor Tr, and the capacitor C are electrically connected.
- the input terminal A1 is connected to the first conductive portion 1
- the input terminal A2 is connected to the second conductive portion 2.
- the output terminal B1 and the output terminal B2 are connected to a power consumption unit, a control unit, and the like.
- the control unit may be connected between the booster circuit and the first conductive unit 1 and the second conductive unit 2 so as to be in parallel with the booster circuit.
- the input voltage VIN is applied when the transistor Tr is ON, energy is stored in the inductor L.
- the input voltage V IN is the potential difference between the connection point P 1 and the connection point P 2.
- the transistor Tr When the transistor Tr is OFF, the energy stored in the inductor L is added to the electrical energy derived from the input voltage VIN, and the energy is output via the diode D. As a result, the output voltage V OUT , which is the potential difference between the connection point P 1 and the connection point P 2 , becomes higher than the input voltage V IN.
- the booster circuit is based on the premise that the input voltage VIN is lower than a predetermined voltage, and the boost control may not be executed at a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage.
- the input voltage VIN of the booster circuit is preferably 5 mV or more.
- the ON / OFF of the transistor Tr is controlled by the control unit.
- FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram of a step-down circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the transistor Tr, the inductor L, the diode D, and the capacitor C are electrically connected.
- the input terminal A1 is connected to the first conductive portion 1
- the input terminal A2 is connected to the second conductive portion 2.
- the output terminal B1 and the output terminal B2 are connected to a power consumption unit, a control unit, and the like.
- the control unit may be connected between the step-down circuit and the first conductive section 1 and the second conductive section 2 so as to be in parallel with the step-down circuit.
- the input voltage V IN is the potential difference between the connection point P 11 and the connection point P 12
- the output voltage V OUT is the potential difference between the connection point P 13 and the connection point P 14.
- the input voltage V IN is substantially equal to the output voltage V OUT.
- the transistor Tr is turned off, the potential of the connection point P 15 at the left end of the inductor L becomes lower than the potential of the connection point P 14 , so that the output voltage V OUT becomes a lower voltage.
- the step-down circuit is based on the premise that the input voltage VIN is higher than a predetermined voltage, and the step-down control may not be executed at a voltage lower than a predetermined voltage.
- the ON / OFF of the transistor Tr is controlled by the control unit.
- the "system” means, for example, a system including elements necessary for exerting the effect of the present invention. More specifically, the system also includes circuits and devices.
- the "conductive portion” may be, for example, a member that can be energized and may be made of any material.
- the "functional unit” means, for example, a unit that executes a predetermined function by passing an electric current. The function may be one that converts electricity into energy such as light or heat, or one that controls a circuit.
- the "electrolyte solution” means, for example, a solution having electrical conductivity in which an ionic substance is dissolved in a polar solvent.
- the “boosting circuit” refers to, for example, a circuit that boosts an input voltage and outputs it.
- the “step-down circuit” refers to, for example, a circuit that steps down an input voltage and outputs it.
- the "conductive polymer” refers to, for example, a polymer compound having electrical conductivity.
- Carbon refers to, for example, conductive carbon fibers.
- “Integral configuration” means, for example, joining different objects to each other, more specifically, bonding with an adhesive, mechanical joining using other members, welding, crimping, etc., chemically and / Or joining by physical force can be mentioned.
- Example 1 The following tests were conducted at normal temperature and pressure. A circuit including the first conductive portion 1, the second conductive portion 2, the functional portion 3, and the medium 4 shown in FIG. 1 (A) was used. A stainless steel (austenite, SUS304 series) plate-shaped member (0.5 mm thickness, 10 cm ⁇ 15 cm) is used as the first conductive portion 1, and a galvanized steel plate (iron) plate-shaped member is used as the second conductive portion 2. Using (0.5 mm thickness, 10 cm ⁇ 15 cm), the first conductive portion 1, the second conductive portion 2, and the functional portion 3 were each connected by a copper conducting wire. The functional unit 3 includes a power consumption unit, an output voltage conversion unit, and a control unit.
- the input impedance was 1 k ⁇ or more, and the one having a non-linear current-voltage characteristic was used.
- the power consumption unit an LED bulb that lights up when a current of 2 mA or more flows is used.
- the booster circuit shown in FIG. 2A was used for the output voltage conversion unit to configure the system.
- the first conductive unit 1 was connected to the input terminal A1 of the booster circuit of the output voltage conversion unit, and the output terminal B1 of the booster circuit was connected to the LED bulb. Further, the second conductive portion 2 is connected to the input terminal A2 of the booster circuit, and the output terminal B2 of the booster circuit is connected by a terminal opposite to the terminal connected to the output terminal B1 of the LED bulb. ..
- Pure water manufactured by Furukawa Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., high-purity purified water, temperature 25 degrees: medium 4) up to a height of 7.5 cm in an acrylic container (cube with an outer diameter of 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm, an inner diameter of 14.5 cm)
- the system was constructed by immersing the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2.
- the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are non-contact, the distance between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 is 12 cm, and the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are plate-shaped. It was installed so that the planes were parallel.
- the voltage between the first conductive part 1 and the second conductive part 2 was measured (measurement 1).
- a 34401A multimeter manufactured by Agilent Technologies was used for the measurement. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the LED bulb repeatedly blinked every 270 to 330 seconds. That is, it was confirmed that electricity was generated from the first conductive portion 1 and / or the second conductive portion 2.
- the first conductive part 1 and the second conductive part 2 are immersed in an acrylic container (cube having an outer diameter of 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm, an inner diameter of 14.5 cm) to a height of 7.5 cm, and pure water (Furukawa Yakuhin Kogyo). High-purity purified water manufactured by Co., Ltd., temperature 25 degrees: medium 4) was put in, and the first conductive part 1 and the second conductive part 2 were immersed.
- the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are non-contact, the distance between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 is 12 cm, and the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are plate-shaped.
- the planes were installed so as to be parallel.
- first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 are not electrically connected. Then, the voltage between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 was measured using the 34401A multimeter (measurement 2). Further, in this state, the resistance value of the medium 4 between the first conductive portion 1 and the second conductive portion 2 was measured (measurement 3).
- Example 2 Measurements 1 to 3 were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the medium 4 was changed to soil (manufactured by Protoleaf Co., Ltd., soil of foliage plants). The results are shown in Table 1. In the system shown in Example 2, the LED bulbs repeatedly blinked at approximately equal intervals every 21 to 23 seconds. That is, it was confirmed that electricity was generated from the first conductive portion 1 and / or the second conductive portion 2.
- Example 3 A waste cloth immersed in an aqueous solution of 50 g of pure water (same as that of Example 1) and 5 g of salt (manufactured by Hakata Salt Co., Ltd., Hakata salt) is placed in contact with the medium 4 in the first conductive portion 1 and the second. Same as in Example 1 except that the medium 4 was affixed to the surface of the conductive portion 2 and the medium 4 was changed to sand (manufactured by Toyo Materan Co., Ltd., silica sand having a particle size peak (weight ratio) of about 0.9 mm). , Measurements 1 to 3 were carried out. The results are shown in Table 1. In the system shown in Example 3, the LED bulb repeatedly blinked every 80 to 100 seconds. That is, it was confirmed that electricity was generated from the first conductive portion 1 and / or the second conductive portion 2.
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Abstract
Description
以下、実施例により本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
以下の試験は、常温、常圧で行った。図1(A)に示す、第一導電部1、第二導電部2、機能部3及び媒体4を備える回路を用いた。第一導電部1として、ステンレス製(オーステナイト、SUS304系)の板状部材(0.5mm厚、10cm×15cm)を用い、第二導電部2として、亜鉛メッキ鋼板(鉄)製の板状部材(0.5mm厚、10cm×15cm)を用い、第一導電部1、第二導電部2及び機能部3を、それぞれ銅製の導線で接続した。機能部3は、電力消費部、出力電圧変換部及び制御部を備えている。また、その入力インピーダンスは1kΩ以上であり、非線形な電流-電圧特性を有するものを用いた。電力消費部には、2mA以上の電流が流れると点灯するLED電球を用いた。出力電圧変換部には、図2(A)に示す昇圧回路を用い、システムを構成した。
媒体4を、土(株式会社プロトリーフ製、観葉植物の土)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、測定1~3を実施した。結果を表1に示す。実施例2に示したシステムでは、LED電球は21~23秒おきに、略等間隔に点滅を繰り返した。すなわち、第一導電部1及び/又は第二導電部2から、起電していることを確認できた。
純水(実施例1のものと同じ)50gに塩(伯方塩業株式会社製、伯方の塩)5gを溶かした水溶液に浸したウエスを、媒体4と接触する第一導電部1及び第二導電部2の面に貼り付け、媒体4を砂(トーヨーマテラン株式会社製、粒度ピーク(重量比)が、約0.9mmの珪砂)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、測定1~3を実施した。結果を表1に示す。実施例3に示したシステムでは、LED電球は80~100秒おきに点滅を繰り返した。すなわち、第一導電部1及び/又は第二導電部2から、起電していることを確認できた。
Claims (17)
- 第一導電部及び第二導電部と、
媒体と、
機能部と
を備え、
第一導電部及び機能部は接続されており、
第二導電部及び機能部は接続されており、
第一導電部及び第二導電部の少なくとも一部が該媒体と接触し、
第一導電部及び第二導電部は、互いに非接触である、システム。 - 媒体が電解液ではない、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 第一導電部が、金属、導電性ポリマー又はカーボンから構成され、
第二導電部が、第一導電部とは異なる金属、導電性ポリマー又はカーボンから構成される、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。 - 媒体は水分を含み、媒体の含水率が1質量%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部が、出力インピーダンスを変換する変換機能を有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部が蓄電部を有し、
第一導電部及び/又は第二導電部から供給される電荷を蓄電部が蓄積し、
蓄積に要した時間よりも短い時間で、蓄積した電荷を放出する機能を有する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のシステム。 - 機能部が出力電圧変換部を有する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部が昇圧部を有する、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部の入力インピーダンスが非線形な電流-電圧特性を有する、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部における入力インピーダンスが1kΩ以上である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 媒体の第一導電部と第二導電部間の抵抗値が1kΩ以上である、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 第一導電部及び第二導電部の少なくとも一方に対する、交流インピーダンス法を用いた分極抵抗の測定値が100Ω以上である、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 第一導電部及び/又は第二導電部から生じる起電力が0.9V以下である、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 第一導電部が媒体と接触する位置、及び、第二導電部が媒体と接触する位置の距離が1cm以上である、請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 機能部の動作電圧の下限値が0.9V以下である、請求項1~14のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 第一導電部及び第二導電部と、
機能部と、
昇圧回路又は降圧回路と
を備え、
第一導電部及び機能部は接続されており、
第二導電部及び機能部は接続されており、
第一導電部及び第二導電部は、互いに非接触である、装置。 - 第一導電部及び/又は第二導電部の少なくとも一部が導電性を有しない部材と一体的に構成されている、請求項16に記載の装置。
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WO2023120605A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | トライポッド・デザイン株式会社 | システム及び方法 |
WO2023145523A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | トライポッド・デザイン株式会社 | 電力供給システム |
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