WO2021042419A1 - 一种n型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种n型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021042419A1
WO2021042419A1 PCT/CN2019/106899 CN2019106899W WO2021042419A1 WO 2021042419 A1 WO2021042419 A1 WO 2021042419A1 CN 2019106899 W CN2019106899 W CN 2019106899W WO 2021042419 A1 WO2021042419 A1 WO 2021042419A1
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parts
solar cell
type solar
aluminum
silicon
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PCT/CN2019/106899
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱鹏
刘媛
刘梦雪
王叶青
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南通天盛新能源股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/260,229 priority Critical patent/US20220238249A1/en
Priority to EP19917532.4A priority patent/EP3813080A4/en
Publication of WO2021042419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021042419A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
    • C03C3/07—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead
    • C03C3/072—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron
    • C03C3/074—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc
    • C03C3/0745—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing lead containing boron containing zinc containing more than 50% lead oxide, by weight
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
    • C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • C03C8/16—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions with vehicle or suspending agents, e.g. slip
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
    • C03C8/18—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing free metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
    • H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of polymer-based conductive materials, in particular to an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste and a preparation method thereof.
  • N-type solar cells have the advantages of high conversion rate, low light-induced decay, good stability, and high cost performance. They are gradually attracting attention in the market. At the same time, N-type solar cells are still It has the advantages of double-sided power generation, suitable for building integration and vertical installation, and its application in the market is more and more favored by consumers.
  • N-type solar cells increase process difficulty and production cost while obtaining high efficiency, so their promotion is subject to certain restrictions.
  • the most common N-type solar cell structure is that the front side is a p + doped layer, the substrate is N-type silicon, and the back side is an n + doped layer.
  • the cell metallization generally adopts a double-sided H-type metal gate line structure, and the p + side Printing aluminum-doped silver paste, n + side printing silver paste.
  • aluminum-doped silver paste is used on the front side, the solderability can be improved, but the presence of silver-aluminum spikes will increase the recombination of solar cells. If aluminum paste is used, it will cause the grid to be more active and have a lower melting point.
  • the line is not smooth, and aluminum beads or aluminum cladding appear.
  • most of the processes for printing fine grids in the prior art are first slotting and then printing.
  • Chinese patents CN201510207047.X and CN105742378A Even if this type of process is used, not only the process is complicated, but also the passivation layer is damaged. In the case of laser grooving, it is necessary to increase the process equipment and increase the production cost. If aluminum paste can be used on the front of the N-type solar cell to replace the aluminum-doped silver paste printed fine grid, the production cost of the N-type solar cell can be greatly reduced, which is beneficial to its mass promotion in the market.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • the preparation raw materials include 1 to 5 parts of high activity glass powder, 1 to 5 parts of silicon powder, 75-79 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder and 15-20 parts of organic ingredients.
  • the raw materials for preparing the highly active glass powder include 5-20 parts of boric acid, 45-70 parts of lead oxide, 0-10 parts of lithium carbonate, 2-15 parts of zinc oxide, 0-10 parts of antimony trioxide, 5-30 parts of cesium carbonate, 1-10 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 12-20 wt%.
  • the median particle diameter of the highly active glass powder is 50-100 nanometers
  • the median particle diameter of silicon powder is 50-100 nanometers
  • the median particle diameter of aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1-100 nanometers. 3 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 3 to 5 parts of organic resin, 1 to 3 parts of binder, 2 to 4 parts of thixotropic agent, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersant. , 5-8 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is selected from a mixture of one or more of acrylic resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, alkyd resin, amino resin, and epoxy resin.
  • the binder is selected from a mixture of one or more of ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and butyl cellulose.
  • the thixotropic agent is selected from a mixture of one or more of polyamide wax, hydrogenated castor oil, fumed silica, and organic bentonite.
  • the dispersant is selected from one of oleic acid, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, tallow propylene diamine oleate, dimethyl adipate, and phosphate triester Or a mixture of multiple.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which includes the following steps: after the organic components are uniformly mixed to obtain an organic mixture, high activity glass powder is added to the organic mixture Disperse and mix with silicon powder evenly, then add aluminum-silicon alloy powder to continue to disperse and mix. After mixing, grind in a three-roller to obtain.
  • An N-type solar cell front fine grid paste provided by the present invention and its preparation method use aluminum paste to replace the aluminum-doped silver paste in the prior art, which reduces the production cost of N-type solar cells, and the aluminum paste contains
  • the high-active glass powder eliminates the slotting process before printing, simplifies the process steps, and does not cause damage to the passivation layer, which improves the electrical performance of the solar cell.
  • the present invention provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • the technical difficulty in preparing the N-type solar cell front fine grid paste is: the burn-through aluminum paste burns through the N-type solar cell On the front side, it is difficult to form good contact while ensuring uniform firing.
  • the present invention solves this difficulty: using high-active glass powder in the formulation for burning through, while also adding 1 to 5 parts of silicon to the formulation. Powder, in the burn-through aluminum paste, silicon powder is adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum paste to prevent further reaction between the aluminum paste and the silicon substrate, making the sintering more uniform. And by adding silicon powder, the content of silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder increases, which increases the melting point of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder, thereby reducing the corrosion effect on the silicon base.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • the preparation raw materials include 1 to 5 parts of high activity glass powder, 1 to 5 parts of silicon powder, 75-79 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder and 15-20 parts of organic ingredients.
  • the raw materials for preparing the fine grid paste on the front side of the N-type solar cell include 2 to 4 parts of high activity glass powder, 2 to 4 parts of silicon powder, and 77 to 4 parts of aluminum silicon alloy powder. 79 parts, 16-19 parts of organic ingredients.
  • the content of Al-Si alloy powder is less than 75wt%, the viscosity of the front fine grid paste prepared will be too large, and the shape of the front fine grid paste will be poor, resulting in wide grid lines and large shading area during printing. The conversion efficiency is low. If the content of the Al-Si alloy powder is higher than 79wt%, the solid content of the prepared front fine grid paste will increase, resulting in poor printability.
  • the raw materials for preparing the N-type solar cell front fine grid paste include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components. Copies.
  • glass powder can etch the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum powder during the high-temperature sintering process, and drive the aluminum powder particles to align and adhere to the surface of the solar cell to form a dense conductive layer.
  • the raw materials for preparing the highly active glass powder include 5-20 parts of boric acid, 45-70 parts of lead oxide, 0-10 parts of lithium carbonate, 2-15 parts of zinc oxide, 0-10 parts of antimony trioxide, 5-30 parts of cesium carbonate, 1-10 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the raw materials for preparing the highly active glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, and carbonic acid. 18 parts of cesium and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the preparation method of the highly active glass powder in this application is not particularly limited, and it can be any one well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the mixed inorganic materials are completely melted into molten glass in a high-temperature furnace, and then the molten glass is poured into a roller.
  • the rolling mill makes glass flakes, and then the glass flakes are put into a ball mill and crushed into glass powder.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 50-100 nanometers; further preferably, the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers.
  • the use of high-active glass powder can react with the anti-reflection layer, and it is not necessary to use the conventional process of first opening and then printing on the surface of the anti-reflection layer, which avoids the impact of openings on polycrystalline silicon wafers.
  • the damage also greatly simplifies the process and reduces the cost.
  • the lead oxide in the high-activity glass powder will react with silicon nitride, penetrating the passivation film, and allowing the aluminum powder to penetrate into It also forms a good contact with the silicon wafer, which reduces the contact resistance between the fine grid and the silicon wafer.
  • the silicon dioxide generated by the reaction can be added into the glass powder to further assist the arrangement and adhesion of the aluminum powder on the surface of the battery;
  • Silicon powder is silica with extremely small particle size, and its synergistic effect with glass powder can appropriately lower the sintering temperature during the high-temperature sintering process, reduce the sintering time and improve the sintering efficiency.
  • silicon powder is adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum paste, preventing further reaction of the aluminum paste with the silicon substrate, and making the sintering more uniform.
  • the content of silicon in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder increases, which increases the melting point of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder, thereby reducing the corrosion effect on the silicon base.
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 50-100 nanometers; further preferably, the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers.
  • the aluminum-silicon alloy powder provides metal aluminum for the aluminum paste of the thin grid on the front of the solar cell, and gives the thin grid the role of conduction and current collection. Due to the existence of silicon, the compatibility with the surface of the solar cell is improved and the adhesion is increased.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 12-20 wt%; further preferably, the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1 to 3 microns; further preferably, the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the particle size of the Al-Si alloy powder is less than 1 ⁇ m, safety problems are likely to occur during the production process, and the explosion probability increases.
  • the particle size of the Al-Si alloy powder is greater than 3 ⁇ m, the Al-Si alloy powder and the silicon substrate The contact gap is large and the contact is uneven, resulting in large contact resistivity and increased local recombination.
  • the weight ratio of the high-activity glass powder, silicon powder, and aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 1:(0.5 ⁇ 1.5):(25-27); further preferably, the high-activity glass powder The weight ratio of silicon powder and aluminum silicon alloy powder is 1:1:26.
  • silicon powder is a supplement to the silicon dioxide in the glass powder, which improves the efficiency in the sintering step; aluminum silicon
  • the alloy powder infiltrates the passivation layer with the assistance of high-activity glass powder and silicon powder to contact the silicon wafer, and due to the presence of silicon in the alloy, the contact between the aluminum powder during the sintering process is reduced, that is, the appearance of aluminum bead phenomenon is reduced.
  • the preparation process reduces energy consumption and cost.
  • the amount of silicon powder is too much, the corrosion effect of aluminum paste on the passivation layer is reduced, and the contact between aluminum powder and silicon wafer is poor, and the contact resistance increases, which reduces the electric conversion efficiency of the battery.
  • the organic components are used as the carrier of the slurry, so that the aluminum powder and other solid substances are uniformly dispersed in it, and can be stored stably, and a high-performance fine grid can be obtained during the printing process.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 3 to 5 parts of organic resin, 1 to 3 parts of binder, 2 to 4 parts of thixotropic agent, and 1 to 3 parts of dispersant. , 5-8 parts of solvent; further preferably, the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is selected from a mixture of one or more of acrylic resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, alkyd resin, amino resin, and epoxy resin; further preferably, the organic resin The resin is acrylic resin.
  • the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 25 to 35%, and the solvent is terpineol; further preferably, the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, The solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is selected from a mixture of one or more of ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and butyl cellulose; further preferably, the binder is ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and butyl cellulose. Base cellulose.
  • the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the weight ratio of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 1:1.
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 15-25%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 25-35%; further preferably, the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution The mass concentration of the ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%.
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD ethyl cellulose is 2000-5000; further preferably, the relative molecular weight of the STD ethyl cellulose is 3000.
  • the relative molecular weight of the N-type ethyl cellulose is 500-2000; further preferably, the relative molecular weight of the N-type ethyl cellulose is 1,000.
  • the STD-type ethyl cellulose in this application is produced by Dow with the brand name STD10; the N-type ethyl cellulose is produced by Ashland with the brand name N4.
  • the thixotropic agent is selected from a mixture of one or more of polyamide wax, hydrogenated castor oil, fumed silica, and organic bentonite; further preferably, the thixotropic agent is Polyamide wax.
  • the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 10-20%, and the solvent is terpineol; further preferably, the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax with a mass concentration of 15%. Solution, the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is selected from one of oleic acid, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol, tallow propylene diamine oleate, dimethyl adipate, and phosphate triester Or a mixture of multiple; further preferably, the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate.
  • the weight ratio of oleic acid to tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is selected from one or more of butyl carbitol, terpineol, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Further preferably, the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • the neutral shape is stable, no delamination occurs, and high-performance fine grids can be produced in the subsequent printing steps.
  • the organic phase in the aluminum paste volatilizes or decomposes, leaving the internal aluminum powder densely arranged and attached to the solar surface Tight fine grid.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which includes the following steps: after the organic components are uniformly mixed to obtain an organic mixture, high-activity glass powder is added to the organic mixture Disperse and mix with silicon powder evenly, then add aluminum-silicon alloy powder to continue to disperse and mix. After mixing, grind in a three-roller to obtain.
  • the method for preparing the fine grid paste on the front side of the N-type solar cell includes the following steps: uniformly mixing organic components to obtain an organic mixture, and then dispersing the organic mixture at 400-600 rpm for 5-15 seconds , 900 ⁇ 1100rmp dispersion for 100 ⁇ 120s, add high activity glass powder and silicon powder and disperse at 400 ⁇ 600rmp rotation speed for 5 ⁇ 15s, 900 ⁇ 1100rmp dispersion for 100 ⁇ 120s, then add aluminum silicon alloy powder and disperse at 400 ⁇ 600rpm rotation speed 5 ⁇ 15s, 900 ⁇ 1100rmp dispersion for 100 ⁇ 120s, after the dispersion is finished, grind 2 ⁇ 5 times in a three-roll machine.
  • the method for preparing the fine grid paste on the front side of the N-type solar cell includes the following steps: uniformly mixing organic components to obtain an organic mixture, and then dispersing the organic mixture at 500 rpm for 10 s, and 1000 rpm for 110 s. , Add high-active glass powder and silicon powder and disperse at 500rpm for 10s, 1000rpm for 110s, and then add aluminum-silicon alloy powder at 500rpm for 10s, 1000rpm for 110s, and grind 4 times in a three-roller after dispersion.
  • Example 1 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, the raw materials for preparation include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which includes the following steps: mix the organic ingredients uniformly to obtain an organic mixture, and then disperse the organic mixture at 500 rpm for 10 seconds, 1000 rpm for 110 seconds, and add high activity Glass powder and silicon powder were dispersed at 500rpm for 10s, 1000rpm for 110s, and then aluminum-silicon alloy powder was added at 500rpm for 10s, 1000rmp for 110s, and after dispersion, they were ground 4 times in a three-roller.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, including the following steps: use the N-type solar cell front fine grid paste to print the fine grid on the front of the solar cell, and print the fine grid at 255°C after printing. Drying for 3 minutes, sintering at 650°C peak temperature for 10 seconds.
  • Example 2 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, its preparation raw materials include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 5 parts of boric acid, 45 parts of lead oxide, 2 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of cesium carbonate, and 1 part of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 3 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, the raw materials for preparation include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 20 parts of boric acid, 70 parts of lead oxide, 10 parts of lithium carbonate, 15 parts of zinc oxide, 10 parts of antimony trioxide, 30 parts of cesium carbonate, and 10 parts of silicon dioxide. Copies.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 4 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, its preparation raw materials include 1 part of high-activity glass powder, 1 part of silicon powder, 70 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 15 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose
  • the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose The relative molecular weight is 1000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 5 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, the raw materials for preparation include 5 parts of high-activity glass powder, 5 parts of silicon powder, 85 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 20 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 6 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • the raw materials for preparation include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for the preparation of the organic components include 3 parts of organic resin, 1 part of binder, 2 parts of thixotropic agent, 1 part of dispersant, and 5 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 7 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, its preparation raw materials include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 15 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 5 parts of organic resin, 3 parts of binder, 4 parts of thixotropic agent, 3 parts of dispersant, and 8 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 8 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • its preparation raw materials include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of aluminum powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 9 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, the preparation raw materials include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 12wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.
  • Example 10 provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid paste. Based on parts by weight, the raw materials for preparation include 3 parts of high-activity glass powder, 3 parts of silicon powder, 78 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder, and 18 parts of organic components.
  • the raw materials for preparing the high-activity glass powder include 12 parts of boric acid, 58 parts of lead oxide, 5 parts of lithium carbonate, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 5 parts of antimony trioxide, 18 parts of cesium carbonate, and 6 parts of silicon dioxide.
  • the silicon content in the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 20 wt%.
  • the median particle size of the highly active glass powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the silicon powder is 80 nanometers
  • the median particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 2 microns.
  • the raw materials for preparing the organic components include 4 parts of organic resin, 2 parts of binder, 3 parts of thixotropic agent, 2 parts of dispersant, and 6 parts of solvent.
  • the organic resin is an acrylic resin; the acrylic resin is an acrylic resin solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the binder is ethyl cellulose; the ethyl cellulose is a mixture of STD-type ethyl cellulose solution and N-type ethyl cellulose solution, the mass ratio is 1:1, and the solvent is terpineol;
  • the mass concentration of the STD-type ethyl cellulose solution is 20%, and the mass concentration of the N-type ethyl cellulose solution is 30%;
  • the relative molecular weight of the STD-type ethyl cellulose is 3000, and the N-type ethyl cellulose
  • the relative molecular weight of the element is 1,000.
  • the thixotropic agent is a polyamide wax; the polyamide wax is a polyamide wax solution with a mass concentration of 15%, and the solvent is terpineol.
  • the dispersant is a mixture of oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate; the weight ratio of the oleic acid and tallow propylene diamine oleate is 1:3.
  • the solvent is butyl carbitol.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste, which is similar to Example 1.
  • This example also provides an N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is printed using the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid paste.
  • This example also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned N-type solar cell front fine grid, which is similar to Embodiment 1.

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Abstract

一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉1～5份、硅粉1～5份、铝硅合金粉75～79份、有机成分15～20份。N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法使用铝浆替换现有技术中的掺铝银浆，降低了N型太阳能电池的生产成本，且铝浆中含有的高活性玻璃粉免去了印刷前的开槽工序，简化了工艺步骤，且对钝化层不会造成损害，提高了太阳能电池的电性能。

Description

一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子基导电材料领域，尤其涉及一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们环保意识的提高，清洁能源的开发与利用发展得越来越快，太阳能取之不尽、用之不竭，使得太阳能电池成为新能源领域研发的重点。目前占据较多市场太阳能电池主要为P型太阳能电池，然而N型太阳能电池具有转换率高、光致衰低、稳定性好、性价比高等优点，在市场上逐渐受到关注，同时N型太阳能电池还具有双面发电、适合建筑一体化以及垂直安装的优点，在市场上的应用越来越受到广大消费者的青睐。
N型太阳能电池在获得高效率的同时增加了工艺难度以及生产成本，因此其推广受到了一定限制。最常见的N型太阳能电池结构是正面为p +掺杂层，基体为N型硅，而背面为n +掺杂层，该电池金属化一般采用双面H型金属栅线结构，p +面印刷掺铝银浆，n +面印刷银浆。当正面使用掺铝银浆时，可以提高可焊性，但由于银铝尖峰的存在会造成太阳能电池复合的增加，若使用铝浆，则会因为铝更为活泼且熔点较低，而造成栅线不平滑，出现铝珠或铝包。此外，现有技术中印刷细栅的工艺多为先开槽后印刷，例如中国专利CN201510207047.X、CN105742378A，即使用了此类工艺，不仅工艺复杂，还会导致钝化层受损，如果使用激光开槽的话，还需要增加工艺设备，增加生产成本。若能在N型太阳能电池正面使用铝浆替换掺铝银浆印刷细栅，可以大大降低N型太阳能电池的生产成本，利于其在市场上大量推广。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的第一方面提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉1～5份、硅粉1～5份、铝硅合金粉75～79份、有机成分15～20份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸5～20份、氧化铅45～70份、碳酸锂0～10份、氧化锌2～15份、三氧化 二锑0～10份、碳酸铯5～30份、二氧化硅1～10份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为12～20wt％。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为1～3微米。
作为一种优选的技术方案，按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂3～5份、粘结剂1～3份、触变剂2～4份、分散剂1～3份、溶剂5～8份。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述有机树脂选自丙烯酸树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、醇酸树脂、氨基树脂、环氧树脂中的一种或多种的混合。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述粘结剂选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、丁基纤维素中的一种或多种的混合。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述触变剂选自聚酰胺蜡、氢化蓖麻油、气相二氧化硅、有机膨润土中的一种或多种的混合。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述分散剂选自油酸、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂、己二酸二甲酯、磷酸三酯中的一种或多种的混合。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种如上所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物后，向有机混合物中添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉并分散混合均匀，然后再添加铝硅合金粉继续分散混合，混合结束后于三辊机中研磨，即得。
有益效果：
1.本发明提供的一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料及其制备方法使用铝浆替换现有技术中的掺铝银浆，降低了N性太阳能电池的生产成本，且铝浆中含有的高活性玻璃粉免去了印刷前的开槽工序，简化了工艺步骤，且对钝化层不会造成损害，提高了太阳能电池的电性能。
2.本发明提供的一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，在制备N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的时候存在的技术难点为：烧穿型铝浆在烧穿N型太阳能电池的正面的时候很难在形成好的接触的同时还保证烧得均匀，本发明解决该难点为：在配方中使用高活性玻璃粉进行烧穿的同时还在配方中添加了1～5份的硅粉，在烧穿型铝浆中，硅粉吸附在铝浆的表面，阻止铝浆与硅基板的进一步反应，使得烧结更均匀。并且通过加入硅粉，铝硅合金粉中硅的含量升高，使得铝硅合金粉的熔点升高，从而减少对硅基地的腐蚀作用。
具体实施方式
结合以下本发明的优选实施方法的详述以及包括的实施例可进一步地理解本发明的内容。除非另有说明，本文中使用的所有技术及科学术语均具有与本申请所属领域普通技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。如果现有技术中披露的具体术语的定义与本申请中提供的任何定义不一致，则以本申请中提供的术语定义为准。
在本文中使用的，除非上下文中明确地另有指示，否则没有限定单复数形式的特征也意在包括复数形式的特征。还应理解的是，如本文所用术语“由…制备”与“包含”同义，“包括”、“包括有”、“具有”、“包含”和/或“包含有”，当在本说明书中使用时表示所陈述的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置。此外，当描述本申请的实施方式时，使用“优选的”、“优选地”、“更优选的”等是指，在某些情况下可提供某些有益效果的本发明实施方案。然而，在相同的情况下或其他情况下，其他实施方案也可能是优选的。除此之外，对一个或多个优选实施方案的表述并不暗示其他实施方案不可用，也并非旨在将其他实施方案排除在本发明的范围之外。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的第一方面提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉1～5份、硅粉1～5份、铝硅合金粉75～79份、有机成分15～20份。
在一些优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，所述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉2～4份、硅粉2～4份、铝硅合金粉77～79份、有机成分16～19份。
如果Al-Si合金粉的含量低于75wt％，则制备得到的正面细栅浆料粘度偏大，正面细栅浆料的塑形差，导致印刷的时候栅线宽，遮光面积大，则光电转换效率低，如果Al-Si合金粉的含量高于79wt％，则制备得到的正面细栅浆料的固含增加，导致印刷性差。
在一些优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，所述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
高活性玻璃粉
玻璃粉作为无机粘结剂，在高温烧结过程中可以熔蚀铝粉表面氧化层，并带 动铝粉颗粒在太阳能电池表面排列、附着，形成致密的导电层。
在一些优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸5～20份、氧化铅45～70份、碳酸锂0～10份、氧化锌2～15份、三氧化二锑0～10份、碳酸铯5～30份、二氧化硅1～10份。
在一些优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
本申请中高活性玻璃粉的制备方法没有特别限制，可以为本领域技术人员熟知的任何一种，例如将混合好的无机物原料在高温炉内完全熔化成玻璃液，然后将玻璃液倒入辊轧机制成玻璃片，再将玻璃片放入球磨机粉碎制成玻璃粉。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米；进一步优选的，所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米。
申请人发现，相比于普通玻璃粉，使用高活性玻璃粉可以与减反层发生反应，无需在减反层表面采用先开孔再印刷的常规工艺，避免了开孔对多晶硅片带来的损伤，也大大简化了工艺，降低了成本，其原因在于，高温烧结中，高活性玻璃粉中的氧化铅会与氮化硅发生反应，对钝化膜造成穿透，使铝粉可以渗透进入并与硅片形成良好接触，降低了细栅与硅片之间的接触电阻，此外反应生成的二氧化硅可以补充进入玻璃粉，进一步辅助铝粉在电池表面的排列和附着；由于反应生成的铅在铝电极中的存在，若被氧化成氧化铅会大大增加铝电极的电阻率，而三氧化二锑可作为铅氧化过程中的催化剂，减少氧化铅的含量，使其进一步氧化成为二氧化铅，保证了铝电极较低的接触电阻；此外，硼的加入可以掺杂硅片，一定程度上增加了载流子密度，而氧化锌可以促进电子传输，锂和铯均为第一主族活泼金属，能够提高玻璃粉活性，促进钝化层反应。
硅粉
硅粉为颗粒度极小的二氧化硅，其与玻璃粉协同作用，可以在高温烧结过程中适当降低烧结温度，减少烧结时间，提高烧结效率。在烧穿型铝浆中，硅粉吸附在铝浆的表面，阻止铝浆与硅基板的进一步反应，使得烧结更均匀。并且通过加入硅粉，铝硅合金粉中硅的含量升高，使得铝硅合金粉的熔点升高，从而减少对硅基地的腐蚀作用。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述硅粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米；进一步优 选的，所述硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米。
铝硅合金粉
铝硅合金粉为太阳能电池正面细栅铝浆提供金属铝，赋予细栅导电和收集电流的作用，由于硅的存在，使得其与太阳能电池表面的相容性提高，附着力增加。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为12～20wt％；进一步优选的，所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为1～3微米；进一步优选的，所述铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
当Al-Si合金粉的粒径小于1μm，则在生产过程中容易出现安全性问题，爆炸概率增加，当Al-Si合金粉的粒径大于3μm，则Al-Si合金的粉体跟硅基底的接触空隙大，接触不均匀，造成接触电阻率大，局部复合增加。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述高活性玻璃粉、硅粉、铝硅合金粉的重量比为1：(0.5～1.5)：(25～27)；进一步优选的，所述高活性玻璃粉、硅粉、铝硅合金粉的重量比为1：1：26。
申请人发现，当高活性玻璃粉、硅粉和铝硅合金粉以一定的比例加入时，可以实现良好的电极接触，即接触电阻较低，且对制备工艺要求降低，能够节约更多的能源和成本，其原因在于，在优选范围内，高活性玻璃粉与钝化层之间的反应可控，一方面可以形成铝粉与硅片之间的良好接触，另一方面还可以对硅片进行局部掺杂，此外其对钝化层、硅片无其他损伤，保证了太阳能电池稳定的电性能；硅粉是对玻璃粉中二氧化硅的补充，使得烧结步骤中的效率提高；铝硅合金粉在高活性玻璃粉和硅粉的协助下渗入钝化层与硅片接触，且由于合金中硅的存在，降低了烧结过程中铝粉间的接触，即降低了铝珠现象的出现。申请人通过大量实验发现，当高活性玻璃粉、硅粉、铝硅合金粉的重量比为1：(0.5～1.5)：(25～27)时既能保证太阳能电池的电性能，还可以改进制备工艺、降低能耗和成本，当硅粉用量过多时，铝浆对钝化层的腐蚀效果降低，进而铝粉与硅片的接触性差，接触电阻升高，降低了电池的电转化效率，反之用量过少时，烧结所需的温度升高，增加了能耗，且印刷得到的细栅与电池表面附着性能变差；当铝硅合金粉的用量过多时，铝浆中铝粉结珠现象增加，即小粒径铝粉颗粒由于高温烧结出现严重收缩，进而形成了铝珠，导致了导电性能下降，反之用量过少时，铝粉含量降低，导电性能同样下降。
有机成分
有机成分作为浆料的载体，使铝粉及其他固体物质在其中均匀分散，并可以稳定保存，在印刷过程中以制得高性能的细栅。
在一些优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂3～5份、粘结剂1～3份、触变剂2～4份、分散剂1～3份、溶剂5～8份；进一步优选的，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述有机树脂选自丙烯酸树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、醇酸树脂、氨基树脂、环氧树脂中的一种或多种的混合；进一步优选的，所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为25～35％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇；进一步优选的，所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述粘结剂选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、丁基纤维素中的一种或多种的混合；进一步优选的，所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，溶剂为松油醇。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的重量比为1：1。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为15～25％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为25～35％；进一步优选的，所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为2000～5000；进一步优选的，所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为500～2000；进一步优选的，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
本申请中的STD型乙基纤维素由陶氏生产，牌号为STD10；N型乙基纤维素由亚什兰生产，牌号为N4。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述触变剂选自聚酰胺蜡、氢化蓖麻油、气相二氧化硅、有机膨润土中的一种或多种的混合；进一步优选的，所述触变剂为聚酰 胺蜡。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为10～20％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇；进一步优选的，所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述分散剂选自油酸、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂、己二酸二甲酯、磷酸三酯中的一种或多种的混合；进一步优选的，所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述溶剂选自丁基卡必醇、松油醇、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇甲乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或多种的混合；进一步优选的，所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
申请人发现，有机成分中各组分均为极性物质，对于无机物有一定的相容性，且分散剂的存在可以进一步提高无机粉末在有机载体中的均匀分散，使得浆料在储存过程中性状稳定，不出现分层，且在后续的印刷步骤中可以制得高性能的细栅，高温烧结后铝浆中的有机相挥发或分解，留下内部铝粉排列致密、与太阳能表面附着紧密的细栅。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种上所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物后，向有机混合物中添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉并分散混合均匀，然后再添加铝硅合金粉继续分散混合，混合结束后于三辊机中研磨，即得。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物，然后将有机混合物于400～600rmp转速下分散5～15s，900～1100rmp分散100～120s，添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉于400～600rmp转速下分散5～15s，900～1100rmp分散100～120s，然后再添加铝硅合金粉于400～600rmp转速下分散5～15s，900～1100rmp分散100～120s，分散结束后于三辊机中研磨2～5次。
在一些优选的实施方式中，所述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物，然后将有机混合物于500rmp转速下分散10s，1000rmp分散110s，添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉于500rmp 转速下分散10s，1000rmp分散110s，然后再添加铝硅合金粉于500rmp转速下分散10s，1000rmp分散110s，分散结束后于三辊机中研磨4次。
实施例
以下通过实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。如无特殊说明，本发明中的原料均为市售。
实施例1
实施例1提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物，然后将有机混合物于500rmp转速下分散10s，1000rmp分散110s，添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉于500rmp转速下分散 10s，1000rmp分散110s，然后再添加铝硅合金粉于500rmp转速下分散10s，1000rmp分散110s，分散结束后于三辊机中研磨4次。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，包括以下步骤：在太阳能电池正面使用所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷细栅，印刷后于255℃烘干3分钟，650℃烧结峰值温度烧结10秒。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例2
实施例2提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸5份、氧化铅45份、氧化锌2份、碳酸铯5份、二氧化硅1份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯 二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例3
实施例3提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸20份、氧化铅70份、碳酸锂10份、氧化锌15份、三氧化二锑10份、碳酸铯30份、二氧化硅10份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例4
实施例4提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉1份、硅粉1份、铝硅合金粉70份、有机成分15份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶 剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例5
实施例5提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉5份、硅粉5份、铝硅合金粉85份、有机成分20份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例6
实施例6提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂3份、粘结剂1份、触变剂2份、分散剂1份、溶剂5份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD 型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例7
实施例7提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为15wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂5份、粘结剂3份、触变剂4份、分散剂3份、溶剂8份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤 维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例8
实施例8提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤 维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观出现铝珠。测试其接触电阻率，结果超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例9
实施例9提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为12wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N 型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
实施例10
实施例10提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉3份、硅粉3份、铝硅合金粉78份、有机成分18份。
按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸12份、氧化铅58份、碳酸锂5份、氧化锌8份、三氧化二锑5份、碳酸铯18份、二氧化硅6份。
所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为20wt％。
所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为80纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为80纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为2微米。
按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂4份、粘结剂2份、触变剂3份、分散剂2份、溶剂6份。
所述有机树脂为丙烯酸树脂；所述丙烯酸树脂为质量浓度为30％的丙烯酸树脂溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述粘结剂为乙基纤维素；所述乙基纤维素为STD型乙基纤维素溶液和N型乙基纤维素溶液的混合，质量比为1：1，溶剂为松油醇；所述STD型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为20％，N型乙基纤维素溶液的质量浓度为30％；所述STD型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为3000，所述N型乙基纤维素的相对分子量为1000。
所述触变剂为聚酰胺蜡；所述聚酰胺蜡为质量浓度为15％聚酰胺蜡溶液，溶剂为松油醇。
所述分散剂为油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的混合；所述油酸和牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂的重量比为1：3。
所述溶剂为丁基卡必醇。
本例还提供了上述N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
将制得的浆料在80±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后再在-20±2℃条件下静置24小时，取出恢复至室温后观察浆料性状，无分层现象。
本例还提供了一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅，其是使用上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料印刷而成的。
本例还提供了一种上述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅的制备方法，其与实施例1类似。
肉眼观察印刷得到的细栅，外观光滑平整，无铝珠出现。测试其接触电阻率，结果不超过1.0mΩ·cm 2。
最后指出，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，按重量份计，其制备原料包括高活性玻璃粉1～5份、硅粉1～5份、铝硅合金粉75～79份、有机成分15～20份。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述高活性玻璃粉的制备原料包括硼酸5～20份、氧化铅45～70份、碳酸锂0～10份、氧化锌2～15份、三氧化二锑0～10份、碳酸铯5～30份、二氧化硅1～10份。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述铝硅合金粉中硅含量为12～20wt％。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述高活性玻璃粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米，硅粉的中值粒径为50～100纳米，铝硅合金粉的中值粒径为1～3微米。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述有机成分的制备原料包括有机树脂3～5份、粘结剂1～3份、触变剂2～4份、分散剂1～3份、溶剂5～8份。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述有机树脂选自丙烯酸树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、醇酸树脂、氨基树脂、环氧树脂中的一种或多种的混合。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述粘结剂选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、丁基纤维素中的一种或多种的混合。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述触变剂选自聚酰胺蜡、氢化蓖麻油、气相二氧化硅、有机膨润土中的一种或多种的混合。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料，其特征在于，所述分散剂选自油酸、硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、牛油基丙烯二胺油酸脂、己二酸二甲酯、磷酸三酯中的一种或多种的混合。
  10. 一种如权利要求1～9任一项所述的N型太阳能电池正面细栅浆料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将有机成分混合均匀得到有机混合物后，向有机混合物中添加高活性玻璃粉和硅粉并分散混合均匀，然后再添加铝硅合金 粉继续分散混合，混合结束后于三辊机中研磨，即得。
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