WO2021037020A1 - 无主栅太阳能电池片及无主栅太阳能光伏组件 - Google Patents

无主栅太阳能电池片及无主栅太阳能光伏组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021037020A1
WO2021037020A1 PCT/CN2020/111037 CN2020111037W WO2021037020A1 WO 2021037020 A1 WO2021037020 A1 WO 2021037020A1 CN 2020111037 W CN2020111037 W CN 2020111037W WO 2021037020 A1 WO2021037020 A1 WO 2021037020A1
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Prior art keywords
copper wire
solar cell
wire mesh
battery
cell
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PCT/CN2020/111037
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张国明
陶爱兵
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苏州携创新能源科技有限公司
无锡携创新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021037020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021037020A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a busbarless solar cell and a busbarless solar photovoltaic module.
  • the prior art uses welding ribbons and the main grid lines of the solar cells to connect the solar cells in series to form photovoltaic modules.
  • the flat ribbon materials will lead to the use of more silver paste, while the round welding materials are difficult to weld and weld.
  • the performance is difficult to guarantee; and in order to reduce the loss, the width of the busbar and the ribbon must be increased, but it will cause the solar cell to be severely shaded, reduce the conversion efficiency, and easily completely fail or scrap when the solar cell cracks.
  • a busbar-free solar cell the busbar-free solar cell is used in conjunction with a copper wire mesh, the front of the bus-free solar cell is provided with horizontal thin grid lines, and the front of the busbar-free solar cell is longitudinally At the two ends of the copper wire mesh, there is no thin grid line to form a gap.
  • Each other fine grid wire is provided with a widening structure at the cross welding place with the copper wire mesh to widen the width of the thin grid line of the structure It is larger than the width of the fine grid lines in other areas.
  • a further technical solution is that, on the front and back of the busbarless solar cell sheet, a longitudinal anti-breaking grid is printed between the thin grid lines.
  • the widening structure on each thin grid line is any one of rectangle, rhombus, circle and ellipse.
  • a further technical solution is that the backside of the busbarless solar cell has the same structure as the front to form a double-sided solar cell, or the backside of the busbarless solar cell is printed with an aluminum paste layer and several busbars The wires form single-sided solar cells.
  • a further technical solution is that the width of the notch is greater than the width of the copper wire in the copper wire mesh.
  • a busbar-less solar photovoltaic module includes a front protective layer, a battery layer, a back protective layer, an adhesive film layer, and a junction box.
  • the front protective layer, the battery layer, and the back protective layer are sequentially from top to bottom.
  • the adhesive film layer is filled on both sides of the battery layer, wraps the battery layer and glues the front protective layer and the back protective layer into a whole;
  • the battery layer includes M battery plates, each battery plate includes N rows of battery pieces,
  • Each row of solar cells includes P pieces of busbar-free solar cells disclosed in the present application.
  • a copper wire mesh is arranged between two adjacent rows of solar cells. One side of the copper wire mesh is connected to the front of each cell in a row of solar cells.
  • the thin grid lines are cross welded through the widening structure, and the other side of the copper wire mesh is cross welded to the grid lines on the back of each cell in another row of adjacent cells. The edges of each cell are avoided by the notch.
  • the copper wire mesh connects the P cells in the same row in parallel, and connects the two adjacent rows of cells in series; the copper wire nets at both ends of the M cell panels are connected by bus bars to form a series structure .
  • a further technical solution is that a diode is connected in parallel between the circuits between two adjacent copper wire nets in each battery block, or a diode is connected in parallel between the circuits between every Q copper wire nets.
  • each diode is arranged in a junction box and connected to the battery layer, or is built-in between the front protective layer and the back protective layer.
  • a further technical solution is that the thickness of the overlapping area of the two adjacent rows of the copper wire mesh in each of the upper and lower rows of battery sheets is smaller than the thickness of other areas and forms a concave structure.
  • the copper wire mesh is formed by welding a plurality of crisscrossed copper wires with a coating on the surface, the coating includes electroplating and tin-containing alloys, and the tin-containing alloys include tin-lead alloys and tin-bismuth alloys.
  • a further technical solution is that the cross section of the copper wire in the copper wire mesh is round, square or flat, and the size of the copper wire is set to be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the busbar-free solar photovoltaic module is composed of a busbar-less solar cell and a copper wire mesh to form a battery plate. Or the structure of multiple plates in series constitutes the battery layer.
  • the busbar-less solar cell cancels the original busbar line design, which not only reduces the shielding of the cell, increases the power generation efficiency of the cell, but also reduces the amount of silver paste used. , Reduce the cost of the battery, and the thin grid line of the battery is widened by the widening structure at the welding place of the copper wire mesh, thereby increasing the welding performance of the battery. The edge of the battery is avoided from the copper wire through the notch.
  • the welding between the meshes reduces the possibility of splitting, and the performance of the cells is higher; the copper wire mesh connects the cells in the same row in parallel and connects the cells in adjacent rows in series.
  • the structure is simple and avoids the position of the copper wires.
  • the battery string also forms an overall plate structure that is not easy to move when it is laminated; the same row uses multiple cells in parallel through the copper mesh, and the structure can fundamentally increase the production capacity of the equipment and achieve training.
  • this circuit structure adopts the structural design of parallel connection and series connection to form a plate, so that the internal circuits of the cells in the parallel direction can be connected to each other, and the ability of component products to resist various failures in the application process is fundamentally improved, and the internal current is improved.
  • the ability of automatic shunting and automatic balancing will greatly improve the power generation efficiency, hot spot resistance and service life of photovoltaic modules.
  • busbar-less solar photovoltaic module disclosed in the present application completely eliminates the conventional string or panel layout, eliminates the fixed tape between strings/panels, eliminates the contribution of individual busbar welding, and realizes the most simplified industry The manufacturing process methods and processes.
  • Fig. 1 is a 3-slice and 6-slice general mesh layout of the busbar-less solar cell disclosed in the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of structure A in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a battery panel in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a cell block in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is another side view of a cell block in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is another structural diagram of a cell block in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit configuration diagram of the configuration diagram shown in FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the cell layer in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is another structural diagram of the cell layer in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application.
  • This application discloses a busbar-less solar cell sheet.
  • the busbar-free solar cell sheet is used in conjunction with a copper wire mesh.
  • the busbar-less solar cell is provided with horizontal thin grid lines 1 on the front side, and no busbar lines are provided.
  • the longitudinal ends of the front side of the busbar-less solar cell sheet are not provided with thin grid lines at the intersection of the copper wire mesh to form the notch 2.
  • the width and length of the notch 2 are set as required, and the width is usually larger than that in the copper wire mesh. The width of the copper wire.
  • Each of the other thin grid lines of the busbar-free solar cell is provided with a widening structure 3 at the cross welding point with the copper wire mesh.
  • the width of the conventional thin grid line is only 0.025mm ⁇ 0.035mm.
  • the widening structure 3 The design enables the thin grid wire 1 to form a welding part with a width larger than other areas at the intersection of the copper wire mesh, which can make the welding between the copper wire mesh and the thin grid wire more reliable and increase the welding performance.
  • the widening width of the thin grid line 1 by the widening structure 3 is designed according to actual needs.
  • the widening structure 3 is any one of rectangle, diamond, circle and ellipse, or can be processed into any shape according to actual needs.
  • a longitudinal anti-breaking grid 4 is also printed between the fine grid lines and the fine grid lines, and the anti-breaking grids 4 are usually arranged at intervals according to actual conditions.
  • the busbarless solar cell with this structure disclosed in the present application cancels the original busbar line design, which not only reduces the shielding of the cell, increases the power generation efficiency of the cell, but also reduces the amount of silver paste used and reduces
  • the widened structure 3 increases the welding performance of the battery, and the edge is passed through the notch 2 to avoid the welding with the copper wire mesh, which can be used in practical applications. Reduce the possibility of splitting.
  • the structure of the backside of the busbarless solar cell is the same as the structure of the front side, that is, the busbarless structure as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is also formed, then the busbarless solar cell is formed as a double Surface solar cells.
  • the backside of the busbarless solar cell sheet can also adopt a conventional multiple busbar line design, that is, the backside of the busbarless solar cell sheet is printed with an aluminum paste layer and several busbar lines.
  • the grid solar cell sheet is formed as a single-sided solar cell sheet.
  • the present application also discloses a busbarless solar photovoltaic module based on the above-mentioned busbarless solar cell.
  • the busbarless solar photovoltaic module includes a front protective layer, a battery layer, a back protective layer, an adhesive film layer and a junction box, and a front protective layer.
  • the battery layer and the back protection layer are laminated from top to bottom.
  • the adhesive film layer is filled on both sides of the battery layer, wraps the battery layer, and bonds the front protection layer and the back protection layer into a whole.
  • a frame is also provided outside the grid solar photovoltaic module.
  • the battery layer is designed with a plate structure, and the battery layer includes M battery plates.
  • Each solar cell block mainly includes the above-mentioned busbar-free solar cells disclosed in this application and a copper wire mesh matched with it.
  • the copper wire mesh is formed by welding a plurality of criss-crossed copper wires with a coating on the surface.
  • the coating includes electroplating and containing Tin alloys, tin-containing alloys include tin-lead alloys and tin-bismuth alloys. Actually, tin alloys are adjusted according to different soldering temperatures.
  • the cross-section of the copper wire can be round, square or flat.
  • the size of the copper wire is set to 0.1mm ⁇ 0.5mm, while the width of the conventional ribbon is 0.8 ⁇ 1.1mm.
  • the use of copper mesh can greatly reduce the shading of the battery. Area to improve the power generation efficiency of the cell.
  • each battery panel includes N rows of solar cells, and each row of cells includes P busbar-less solar cells of the above-mentioned structure.
  • each row includes 6 cells 5 as an example.
  • a copper wire mesh 6 is arranged between every two adjacent rows of solar cells.
  • the width of the copper wire mesh 6 is greater than the width of the solar cell 5 and less than twice the width of the solar cell.
  • the copper wire mesh 6 covers the adjacent two rows of solar cells: For every two adjacent rows of cells, one side of the copper wire mesh 6 covers the front of one row of cells, and the other side covers the back of the other row of cells, and the copper wire mesh 6 is in contact with the thin grid lines of the cells in contact. The intersection is welded through the widened structure.
  • this structure makes the copper wire net 6 connect the P battery slices in the same row in parallel, and connect the battery slices in adjacent rows in series. Even if a certain cell is shaded, the electricity generated by other cells in the same string as this cell can be shunted out in parallel with another cell row through the copper wire network, which can increase the actual power generation of the photovoltaic module.
  • the copper wire mesh 6 of the present application has a thickness smaller than the thickness of other regions in the overlapping area of two adjacent rows of battery sheets 5 in each upper and lower rows, and forms a concave structure 60.
  • diodes 7 are connected in parallel between the circuits between two adjacent copper wire nets 6, as shown in Figure 3, or diodes 7 are connected in parallel between the circuits of every Q copper wire nets 6, such as every 3
  • the copper wire net 6 circuit is connected in parallel with a diode 7, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the equivalent circuit structure formed by the structure of Figure 6 is shown in Figure 7.
  • Each cell 5 generates electricity as a power source, and the diode 7 forms a parallel connection between the two ends of the power source.
  • the structure is protected to protect the cells between the two copper wire nets 6 connected to it. After the entire row is shaded, the diode 7 can respond more easily to isolate the cells in the shaded area.
  • Each diode 7 can be externally placed in the junction box and connected to the battery layer, or can be directly built-in between the front protective layer and the back protective layer, thereby reducing the cost of the junction box.
  • the specific position of the diode can be set at the position of the solar cell of the photovoltaic module, or may be set at the side of the solar cell of the photovoltaic module.
  • the cell layer in the busbar-free solar photovoltaic module of the present application can be composed of a single cell plate.
  • 1/6 cell plates are used, and the cell plates are arranged in 6 rows of cells, that is, each row of cells Including 6 cells, so the current drawn can be consistent with conventional components.
  • the battery sheet layer in the busbar-less solar photovoltaic module of the present application can also be formed by multiple battery panels in series, that is, M ⁇ 2, then the copper wire nets at both ends of the M battery panels are connected by bus bars 8 to form a series structure ,
  • the bus bar 8 can be realized as a photovoltaic ribbon, a conductive tape or a conductive glue.
  • the copper wire nets at both ends of the two battery plates are connected in series through the bus bar 8 to form the battery layer. 1/3 of the battery slices are used, and each battery plate is equipped with 3 rows of battery slices.
  • the battery slices inside the battery block are all connected by copper wire nets, and diodes 7 are installed between the copper wire nets.
  • the copper wire nets at both ends of the four battery plates are connected in series through the bus bar 8 to form the battery layer. 1/3 of the battery slices are used, and each battery plate is equipped with 3 rows of battery slices.
  • the battery slices inside each battery block are all connected by copper wire nets, and diodes 7 are installed between the copper wire nets.

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种无主栅太阳能电池片及无主栅太阳能光伏组件，涉及光伏技术领域，无主栅太阳能电池片和铜线网焊接形成电池板块，通过单板块或多板块串联构成电池层制作得到无主栅太阳能光伏组件，无主栅太阳能电池片取消了主栅线，不仅减少了对电池片的遮挡、增加了电池片的发电效率，而且减少了成本，而且电池片的细栅线在与铜线网的焊接处通过加宽结构加宽从而增加了电池片的焊接性能，电池片的边缘处通过缺口部避开与铜线网之间的焊接从而减小发生裂片的可能；铜线网将同一排的电池片并联、将相邻排的电池片串联，可以避免电池串在层压时发生移动，也可以大大提高光伏组件的发电效率、抗隐裂、抗热斑能力和使用寿命。

Description

无主栅太阳能电池片及无主栅太阳能光伏组件 技术领域
本申请涉及光伏技术领域，尤其是一种无主栅太阳能电池片及无主栅太阳能光伏组件。
 背景技术
随着能源价格的上涨，开发利用新能源成为当今能源领域研究的主要课题。由于太阳能具有无污染、无地域性限制、取之不竭等优点，研究太阳能发电成为开发利用新能源的主要方向。利用太阳能电池发电是当今人们使用太阳能的一种主要方式，推动组件的高转换效率，推动组件的制造成本持续降低，推动组件的性能提升，这是行业的发展必然趋势。
目前常规的光伏电池片采用2个主栅线到6个主栅线设计，也有的组件厂设计到12根主栅线，行业称为MBB电池片，然后利用焊带与电池片的主栅线焊接来串联电池片制作形成光伏组件，这种常规做法会存在如下两个问题：
（1）如采用扁平焊带材料，主栅线越多，对银浆的用料也越多，大大提高了银浆的材料成本。如采用圆形焊接材料，电池片上主栅节省正面银浆的用量，但实际却牺牲掉焊接性能，将常规的面焊接改为少量的点焊接。在实际MBB焊接过程，对圆形焊丝位置的控制要求高，经常出现位置偏移、难以对准在点焊盘的位置上的情况。
（2）电池片发出的电通过主栅线和主栅线上的焊带引出，每根主栅线上的电流比较大，厂家需要将主栅线的宽度和焊带的宽度变大，用来减少损耗，而主栅线和焊带的宽度变大导致电池片被遮阴严重，降低了整体电池片的转换效率，而且传统的有主栅电池片使用焊带焊接，则电池片一旦产生隐裂组件整体效率会快速降低，甚至导致组件完全失效或则报废。
 技术问题
现有技术利用焊带与电池片的主栅线焊接来串联电池片制作形成光伏组件，但扁平焊带材料会导致银浆的用料较多，而圆形焊接材料的焊接难度较大、焊接性能难以保证；而且为了减少损耗需要增大主栅线和焊带的宽度，但会导致电池片被遮阴严重、降低转换效率，而且容易在电池片发生隐裂时完全失效或报废。
 技术解决方案
一种无主栅太阳能电池片，该无主栅太阳能电池片与铜线网配合使用，该无主栅太阳能电池片的正面设置有横向的细栅线，无主栅太阳能电池片的正面的纵向的两端在与铜线网的交叉焊接处不设置细栅线形成缺口部，其他每根细栅线在与铜线网的交叉焊接处设置有加宽结构，加宽结构的细栅线宽度大于其他区域细栅线宽度。
其进一步的技术方案为，无主栅太阳能电池片的正面和背面在细栅线之间印刷有纵向的防断栅。
其进一步的技术方案为，每根细栅线上的加宽结构为矩形、菱形、圆形和椭圆形中的任意一种。
其进一步的技术方案为，无主栅太阳能电池片的背面的结构与正面的结构相同形成双面太阳能电池片，或者，无主栅太阳能电池片的背面印刷有铝浆料层以及若干根主栅线形成单面太阳能电池片。
其进一步的技术方案为，缺口部的宽度大于铜线网中铜丝的宽度。
一种无主栅太阳能光伏组件，该无主栅太阳能光伏组件包括正面保护层、电池层、背面保护层、胶膜层以及接线盒，正面保护层、电池层和背面保护层从上至下依次层叠，胶膜层填充在电池层两侧、对电池层形成包裹并将正面保护层和背面保护层粘接成一个整体；电池层包括M个电池板块，每个电池板块包括N排电池片，每排电池片包括P个本申请公开的无主栅太阳能电池片，每上下相邻两排电池片之间设置有铜线网，铜线网的一边与一排电池片中各个电池片的正面的细栅线通过加宽结构处交叉焊接，铜线网的另一边与相邻的另一排电池片中各个电池片的背面的栅线交叉焊接，各个电池片的边缘处通过缺口部避开与铜线网之间的焊接，铜线网将同一排的P个电池片并联、将上下相邻两排的电池片串联；M个电池板块的两端的铜线网通过汇流条相连形成串联结构。
其进一步的技术方案为，每个电池板块中相邻两个铜线网之间电路并联有二极管，或者每隔Q个铜线网之间电路并联有二极管。
其进一步的技术方案为，各个二极管设置在接线盒中并与电池层相连，或者，内置在正面保护层和背面保护层之间。
其进一步的技术方案为，铜线网在每上下相邻两排电池片的重叠区域的厚度小于其他区域的厚度并形成内凹结构。
其进一步的技术方案为，铜线网由多根纵横交错的表面有镀层的铜丝通过焊接而成，镀层包括电镀和含锡合金，含锡合金包括锡铅合金和锡铋合金。
其进一步的技术方案为，铜线网中的铜丝的横截面为圆形、方形或扁平型，铜丝的尺寸设置为0.1mm~0.5mm。
 有益效果
本申请公开了一种无主栅太阳能电池片以及基于该电池片制作的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，无主栅太阳能光伏组件通过无主栅太阳能电池片和铜线网构成电池板块，通过单板块或多板块串联的结构构成电池层，无主栅太阳能电池片取消了原有的主栅线设计，不仅减少了对电池片的遮挡、增加了电池片的发电效率，而且减少银浆的使用量、减少了电池片成本，而且电池片的细栅线在与铜线网的焊接处通过加宽结构加宽从而增加了电池片的焊接性能，电池片的边缘处通过缺口部避开与铜线网之间的焊接从而减小发生裂片的可能，电池片的性能更高；铜线网将同一排的电池片并联、将相邻排的电池片串联，结构简单，避免了铜线的位置偏移，实现更加精准的对位，另外电池串在层压时也形成整体板块结构不容易发生移动；同一列采用多片电池片通过铜网并联，结构可以根本性的提升设备的产能，实现培增的效果；这种电路结构采用并联结合串联形成板块的结构设计，让并联方向电池片的内部电路互相贯通，组件产品在应用过程对抗各种失效的能力得到根本性的提升，提升内部电流的自动分流，自动平衡的能力，将可以大大提高光伏组件的发电效率、抗热斑能力和使用寿命。
相比于传统的不同电池片之间通过焊带互联条焊接的工艺，铜线网与细栅线之间的触点有几千个，在硅片隐裂和微裂部位电流传导的路径更加优化，因此由于隐裂造成的损失被大大减小。铜线网之间的二极管可以实现最佳的抗热斑性能，光伏组件不再对遮挡有任何热斑的潜在风险。
采用小尺寸细柔软的铜丝形成铜线网焊接工艺，可以适合薄片化硅片电池片工艺，对电池片的抗隐裂能力得到质的飞跃提升，对电池片硅片走向薄片化提供新的思路和选择，为行业的持续降本提供可能。
另外，本申请公开的这种无主栅太阳能光伏组件的结构，完全消除了常规的串或者板块排版，消除了串间/板块间固定贴胶带，消除了汇流条单独焊接贡献，实现行业最简化的制造工艺方法和流程。
 附图说明
图1是本申请公开的无主栅太阳能电池片的3分片和6分片通用网版图。
图2是图1中结构A的结构放大图。
图3是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中一个电池板块的结构图。
图4是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中一个电池板块的侧视图。
图5是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中一个电池板块的另一种侧视图。
图6是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中一个电池板块的另一结构图。
图7是图6所示的结构图的等效电路结构图。
图8是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中电池层的一种结构图。
图9是本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中电池层的另一种结构图。
本申请的实施方式
本申请公开了一种无主栅太阳能电池片，该无主栅太阳能电池片与铜线网配合使用，请参考图1所示的3分片和6分片通用网版图以及如图2所示的对图1中结构A处的放大图，该无主栅太阳能电池片的正面设置有横向的细栅线1，不设置主栅线。该无主栅太阳能电池片的正面的纵向的两端在与铜线网的交叉焊接处不设置细栅线形成缺口部2，缺口部2的宽度长度根据需要设置、宽度通常大于铜线网中铜丝的宽度。该无主栅太阳能电池片的其他每根细栅线在与铜线网的交叉焊接处设置有加宽结构3，常规的细栅线的宽度只有0.025mm~0.035mm，该加宽结构3的设计使得细栅线1在与铜线网的交叉焊接处形成宽度大于其他区域的焊接部分，可以使得铜线网与细栅线之间的焊接更牢靠，增加焊接性能。该加宽结构3对细栅线1的加宽宽度根据实际需要设计，加宽结构3为矩形、菱形、圆形和椭圆形中的任意一种，或者可以根据实际需要加工成任意形状。细栅线与细栅线之间还印刷有纵向的防断栅4，防断栅4通常根据实际情况间隔设置有多根。本申请公开的这种结构的无主栅太阳能电池片取消了原有的主栅线设计，不仅减少了对电池片的遮挡、增加了电池片的发电效率，而且减少银浆的使用量、减少了电池片成本，而且本申请公开的这种结构中，加宽结构3增加了电池片的焊接性能，而且边缘处通过缺口部2避开与铜线网之间的焊接，在实际应用中可以减小发生裂片的可能。
在本申请中，该无主栅太阳能电池片的背面的结构与正面的结构相同，也即同样形成如图1和2所示的无主栅结构，则该无主栅太阳能电池片形成为双面太阳能电池片。或者，该无主栅太阳能电池片的背面也可以采用常规的多根主栅线设计，也即无主栅太阳能电池片的背面印刷有铝浆料层以及若干根主栅线，则该无主栅太阳能电池片形成为单面太阳能电池片。
本申请还基于上述无主栅太阳能电池片公开了一种无主栅太阳能光伏组件，无主栅太阳能光伏组件包括正面保护层、电池层、背面保护层、胶膜层以及接线盒，正面保护层、电池层和背面保护层从上至下依次层叠，胶膜层填充在电池层两侧、对电池层形成包裹并将正面保护层和背面保护层粘接成一个整体，实际应用时，无主栅太阳能光伏组件外部还设置边框。电池层采用板块结构设计，电池层包括M个电池板块。每个电池板块主要包括本申请公开的上述无主栅太阳能电池片以及与其匹配的铜线网，铜线网由多根纵横交错的表面有镀层的铜丝通过焊接而成，镀层包括电镀和含锡合金，含锡合金包括锡铅合金和锡铋合金，实际根据不同的焊接温度对锡合金做相应的调整。铜丝的横截面可以为圆形、方形或扁平型，铜丝的尺寸设置为0.1mm~0.5mm，而常规的焊带宽度为0.8~1.1mm，采用铜网可以大大减少对电池片的遮光面积，提升电池片的发电效率。
请参考图3和图4，每个电池板块包括N排电池片，每排电池片包括P个上述结构的无主栅太阳能电池片，如图3以每排包括6个电池片5为例。每上下相邻两排电池片之间设置有铜线网6，铜线网6的宽度大于电池片5的宽度且小于电池片两倍宽度，铜线网6覆盖相邻两排电池片：对于每上下相邻两排电池片，铜线网6的一边覆盖一排电池片的正面、另一边覆盖另一排电池片的背面，且铜线网6与相接触的电池片的细栅线的交叉处通过加宽结构处焊接。相比于传统的不同电池片之间通过焊带互联条焊接的工艺，铜线网与细栅线之间的触点有几千个，在硅片隐裂和微裂部位电流传导的路径更加优化，因此由于隐裂造成的损失被大大减小。而且这种结构使得铜线网6将同一排的P个电池片并联、将相邻排的电池片串联。即使某一个电池片发生遮阴，与这个电池片同串的另外的电池片发出的电也可以通过铜线网与另外的电池排并联分流流出，这样可以增加光伏组件的实际发电量。
如图4所示，在电池片5和铜线网6敷设形成的结构中，每上下相邻两排电池片5之间存在重叠部分，则为了减少电池片在该重叠部分受到的损伤，请参考图5，本申请的铜线网6在每上下相邻两排电池片5的重叠区域的厚度小于其他区域的厚度并形成内凹结构60。
对于每个电池板块，相邻两个铜线网6之间电路并联有二极管7，如图3所示，或者每隔Q个铜线网6之间电路并联有二极管7，比如每隔3个铜线网6电路并联一个二极管7，如图6所示，图6的结构形成的等效电路结构如图7所示，每个电池片5发电等效为电源，二极管7形成电源两端的并联结构进行保护，从而对其所连的两个铜线网6之间的电池片做保护，整排遮阴之后，二极管7可以比较很容易做出响应，将被遮光区域的电池片进行隔断，只旁路了其中一小部分电池片，大部分的电池片可以正常发电，提高光伏组件的发电效率且最大限度的防止被遮阴的电池片发生热斑问题而造成电池片损坏或者降低光伏组件使用寿命。各个二极管7可以外置在接线盒中并与电池层相连，也可以直接内置在正面保护层和背面保护层之间，从而减少接线盒的成本。具体的二极管的位置可以设置于光伏组件的太阳能电池片位置，也可以设置于光伏组件的太阳能电池片侧边。
本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中的电池片层可以由单个电池板块构成，在实际应用时，采用1/6分片电池片，电池板块设置成6列电池片，也即每排电池片包括6个电池片，这样引出的电流可以与常规组件一致。
本申请的无主栅太阳能光伏组件中的电池片层还可以由多个电池板块串联而成，也即M≥2，则M个电池板块的两端的铜线网通过汇流条8相连形成串联结构，汇流条8可以实现为光伏焊带、导电胶带或导电胶。比如如图8所示，采用2个电池板块两端的铜线网通过汇流条8串联形成电池层的设计方案，采用1/3分片电池片，每个电池板块设置3列电池片，每个电池板块内部的电池片均由铜线网连接，铜线网之间安装有二极管7。再比如如图9所示，采用4个电池板块两端的铜线网通过汇流条8串联形成电池层的设计方案，采用1/3分片电池片，每个电池板块设置3列电池片，每个电池板块内部的电池片均由铜线网连接，铜线网之间安装有二极管7。
以上所述的仅是本申请的优选实施方式，本申请不限于以上实施例。可以理解，本领域技术人员在不脱离本申请的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化，均应认为包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种无主栅太阳能电池片，所述无主栅太阳能电池片与铜线网配合使用，其特征在于，所述无主栅太阳能电池片的正面设置有横向的细栅线，所述无主栅太阳能电池片的正面的纵向的两端在与所述铜线网的交叉焊接处不设置细栅线形成缺口部，其他每根细栅线在与所述铜线网的交叉焊接处设置有加宽结构，所述加宽结构的细栅线宽度大于其他区域细栅线宽度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的无主栅太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述无主栅太阳能电池片的正面和背面在细栅线之间印刷有纵向的防断栅。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的无主栅太阳能电池片，其特征在于，每根所述细栅线上的所述加宽结构为矩形、菱形、圆形和椭圆形中的任意一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的无主栅太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述无主栅太阳能电池片的背面的结构与正面的结构相同形成双面太阳能电池片，或者，所述无主栅太阳能电池片的背面印刷有铝浆料层以及若干根主栅线形成单面太阳能电池片。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的无主栅太阳能电池片，其特征在于，所述缺口部的宽度大于所述铜线网中铜丝的宽度。
  6. 一种无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，所述无主栅太阳能光伏组件包括正面保护层、电池层、背面保护层、胶膜层以及接线盒，所述正面保护层、电池层和背面保护层从上至下依次层叠，所述胶膜层填充在所述电池层两侧、对所述电池层形成包裹并将所述正面保护层和所述背面保护层粘接成一个整体；所述电池层包括M个电池板块，每个所述电池板块包括N排电池片，每排电池片包括P个如权利要求1-5任一所述的无主栅太阳能电池片，每上下相邻两排电池片之间设置有铜线网，所述铜线网的一边与一排电池片中各个电池片的正面的细栅线通过加宽结构处交叉焊接，所述铜线网的另一边与相邻的另一排电池片中各个电池片的背面的栅线交叉焊接，各个电池片的边缘处通过缺口部避开与所述铜线网之间的焊接，所述铜线网将同一排的P个电池片并联、将上下相邻两排的电池片串联；所述M个电池板块的两端的铜线网通过汇流条相连形成串联结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，每个所述电池板块中相邻两个铜线网之间电路并联有二极管，或者每隔Q个铜线网之间电路并联有二极管。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，各个二极管设置在所述接线盒中并与所述电池层相连，或者，内置在所述正面保护层和背面保护层之间。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，所述铜线网在每上下相邻两排电池片的重叠区域的厚度小于其他区域的厚度并形成内凹结构。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一所述的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，所述铜线网由多根纵横交错的表面有镀层的铜丝通过焊接而成，所述镀层包括电镀和含锡合金，所述含锡合金包括锡铅合金和锡铋合金。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的无主栅太阳能光伏组件，其特征在于，所述铜线网中的铜丝的横截面为圆形、方形或扁平型，铜丝的尺寸设置为0.1mm~0.5mm。
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