WO2021036919A1

WO2021036919A1 - Multistage independent water circulation flotation method for used lead-acid batteries

Info

Publication number: WO2021036919A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/110418
Authority: WO
Inventors: 费跃波; 陈炳敏; 袁成; 陈利华; 施欢欢
Original assignee: 浙江浙矿重工股份有限公司
Priority date: 2019-08-29
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: CN110813520A

Abstract

A multistage independent water circulation flotation method for used lead-acid batteries, comprising: step S1, crushed material extraction; step S2, first-stage hydraulic sorting; step S3, hydrodynamic sorting; and step S4, second-stage hydraulic sorting. Multiple times of water circulation sorting of used lead-acid batteries can increase the total recovery rate of lead and the recovery rate of plastic in the used lead-acid batteries, thereby reducing the mutual mixing rate in material sorting, reducing loss, and reducing pollution to the environment. Liquids in a first-stage hydraulic sorting device, a hydrodynamic sorting device, and a second-stage hydraulic sorting device circulate independently of one another and do not interfere with each other. The material is neutralized in a first-stage hydraulic sorting box by adding sodium carbonate, and the material and liquid are alkaline. The service life of equipment can be prolonged, and the sorting accuracy can be ensured while achieving large production.

Description

Multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries

【Technical Field】

The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery treatment, in particular to the technical field of multi-stage independent flotation of waste lead-acid batteries.

【Background technique】

At present, waste lead-acid batteries are a major source of pollution in the natural environment. If the waste lead-acid batteries are not handled properly, it will have a serious impact on the environment. The electrodes of lead-acid batteries are mainly made of lead and its oxides. The liquid is a kind of storage battery of sulfuric acid solution. In the discharged state, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate. At present, the method of sorting waste lead-acid battery materials is "multi-stage integrated hydraulic sorting" adopted by similar equipment at home and abroad. The materials go through one-stage hydraulic sorting and two-stage hydraulic sorting, but the water for the whole system is from the source For the ship-type scraper, the water is weakly acidic and highly corrosive, so the service life of the equipment is greatly shortened. At the same time, because the lead paste in the ship-shaped scraper cannot be completely precipitated, a large amount of acid water containing lead paste enters the hydraulic separation system, resulting in a high rate of lead paste in the lead grid, plastic, and separator paper after the separation. The sorting accuracy reduces the total lead recovery rate at the same time, resulting in poor subsequent material sorting accuracy, high impurity content, low lead paste extraction rate, resulting in a certain amount of waste, and greater environmental damage.

[Summary of the invention]

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and propose a multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries, which can increase the total recovery rate of lead in the waste lead-acid batteries and reduce the inter-doping rate of material sorting. , To reduce waste, reduce environmental pollution, and increase the service life of equipment.

In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention proposes a multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries, which includes the following steps:

Step S1: Extraction of crushed material: After the waste battery is crushed and sorted by the front end, the oversize material enters the first-level sorting;

Step S2: First-level hydraulic sorting: introduce the crushed and sorted sieve into the first-level hydraulic sorting device, and then automatically add sodium carbonate through the automatic dosing device to make the liquid density in the device reach 1.1-1.2kg/m ³ , So that light materials such as ABS and PP in the materials with a density of less than 1.1kg/m ³ float on the water surface, and heavy materials such as separator paper and lead grids in the materials sink to the bottom of the first-level hydraulic separation device, and the first-level hydraulic separation There is a top screw conveyor at the top of the selection device and a bottom screw conveyor at the bottom. The light material floating on the water is removed from the system through the top screw conveyor installed in the first-level hydraulic separation device, and the heavy weight that is sunk at the bottom is removed. The material is conveyed to the hydrodynamic sorting device in the next step through the screw conveyor at the bottom;

Step S3 Hydrodynamic separation: The hydrodynamic separation device includes a hydrodynamic separator, a vertical circulating pump, an impurity separation screen, a hydrodynamic circulating water tank, a lead grid screw conveyor and a screw conveyor, and heavy materials enter the hydrodynamic separator Inside, the vertical circulation pump provides bottom-up high-pressure water flushing, which generates rising buoyancy while dispersing the material, so that the lead grid in the material is separated from other light materials. The lead grid sinks at the bottom and spirals through the lead grid. The conveyor moves out of the system, and light materials, including separator paper, plastic, leather caps, glue and other fine particles and impurities, float up, enter the impurity sorting sieve through high-pressure water flushing, and sort through high-frequency vibration to make the skin contained in the light material Small particles and impurities such as caps and glue fall into the bottom of the circulating pool and move out of the system through a screw conveyor. The impurities on the sieve, including plastic separator paper, enter the secondary hydraulic separation device;

Step S4 Secondary hydraulic separation: Add a quantitative amount of sodium carbonate to the secondary hydraulic separation equipment through an automatic adding device, and adjust the liquid density in the secondary hydraulic separation equipment to 1.1-1.2kg/m ³ , so as to make the plastic float. On the liquid level, and move out of the system through the top screw conveyor, the separator paper sinks to the bottom, and move out of the system through the bottom screw conveyor.

Preferably, in the step S1, the crushed material is extracted to crush the waste lead-acid battery twice, and the raw material of the waste lead-acid battery is transported to the first-stage hammer crusher to coarsely crush the waste battery. The first-grade coarse crushed raw materials directly fall into the first-level lead paste sorting sieve for sorting. The large amount of lead paste contained in the first-grade coarse crushed raw materials falls through the screen, and the sieve enters the second-level hammer crusher through the feeding equipment. The machine performs secondary fine crushing. After secondary crushing, the secondary finely divided raw materials directly fall into the secondary lead paste sorting sieve for secondary sorting, and the lead paste contained in the secondary finely divided raw materials falls through the screen.

Preferably, in the step S1, the crushed material is extracted from the crushed material and the lead paste is separated by a wet sorting method, and the lead paste at the upper end of the sorting screen is dropped through the sorting screen with the aid of high-pressure water washing.

Preferably, the liquids in the first-stage hydraulic separation in step S2, the hydraulic separation in step S3, and the second-stage hydraulic separation in step S4 all circulate independently and do not interfere with each other.

The beneficial effects of the multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries of the present invention: the present invention performs multiple water cycle separation on waste lead-acid batteries, which can increase the total recovery rate of lead in waste lead-acid batteries and the recovery rate of plastics , Which reduces the mutual doping rate of material sorting, reduces losses, and reduces environmental pollution. The liquids in the first-stage hydraulic sorting device, the hydrodynamic sorting device and the second-stage hydraulic sorting device of the present invention are all independently circulated It does not interfere with each other. The materials are neutralized by adding sodium carbonate in the first-level hydraulic sorting box. The materials and liquids are already alkaline, which can prolong the service life of the equipment and ensure the sorting accuracy while being used for large-scale production. .

The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

【Explanation of the drawings】

[Corrected according to Rule 91 27.09.2020]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a working flow chart of a multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries of the present invention.

【detailed description】

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present invention.

A multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step S3 Hydrodynamic separation: The hydrodynamic separation device includes a hydrodynamic separator, a vertical circulating pump, an impurity separation screen, a hydrodynamic circulating water tank, a lead grid screw conveyor and a screw conveyor, and heavy materials enter the hydrodynamic separator Inside, the vertical circulation pump provides bottom-up high-pressure water flushing, which generates rising buoyancy while dispersing the material, so that the lead grid in the material is separated from other light materials. The lead grid sinks at the bottom and spirals through the lead grid. The conveyor moves out of the system. Light materials, including separator paper, plastics, leather caps, glue and other fine particles, will float up, enter the impurity sorting sieve through high-pressure water, and sort through high-frequency vibration to make the skin contained in the light materials. Small particles and impurities such as caps and glue fall into the bottom of the circulating pool and move out of the system through a screw conveyor. The impurities on the sieve, including plastic separator paper, enter the secondary hydraulic separation device;

Wherein, in the step S1, the crushed material is extracted to crush the waste lead-acid battery twice, and the raw material of the waste lead-acid battery is first transported to the first-level hammer crusher to coarsely crush the waste battery. The coarsely crushed raw materials directly fall into the primary lead paste sorting sieve for sorting. The large amount of lead paste contained in the primary coarsely crushed raw materials falls through the sieve, and the screened material enters the secondary hammer crusher through the feeding equipment Perform secondary fine crushing. The secondary finely crushed raw materials after secondary crushing directly fall into the secondary lead paste sorting sieve for secondary sorting, and the lead paste contained in the secondary finely crushed raw materials falls through the screen. S1 The crushed material is extracted from the crushed material and the lead paste is separated by a wet sorting method. The lead paste at the upper end of the sorting screen is dropped through the sorting screen with the aid of high-pressure water washing. The liquids in the dynamic separation and the secondary hydraulic separation in step S4 circulate independently and do not interfere with each other.

Working process of the present invention:

In a multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries of the present invention, in the working process, multiple water circulation separation of the waste lead-acid batteries can increase the total recovery rate of lead in the waste lead-acid batteries and reduce the separation of materials Mutual doping rate reduces waste and reduces environmental pollution. The water in the primary hydraulic separation box, the hydrodynamic separation device and the secondary hydraulic separation device in the present invention circulate independently and does not interfere with each other. The materials are neutralized by adding sodium carbonate to the first-level hydraulic sorting box, and the materials and liquids are already alkaline, which can extend the service life of the equipment.

The above-mentioned embodiment is an illustration of the present invention, not a limitation of the present invention, and any solution after a simple modification of the present invention belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step S1: Extraction of crushed material: After the waste battery is crushed and sorted by the front end, the oversize material enters the first-level sorting;

Step S2: First-level hydraulic sorting: introduce the crushed and sorted sieve into the first-level hydraulic sorting device, and then automatically add sodium carbonate through the automatic dosing device to make the liquid density in the device reach 1.1-1.2kg/m 3 , So that light materials such as ABS and PP in the materials with a density of less than 1.1kg/m 3 float on the water surface, and heavy materials such as separator paper and lead grids in the materials sink to the bottom of the first-level hydraulic separation device, and the first-level hydraulic separation There is a top screw conveyor at the top of the selection device and a bottom screw conveyor at the bottom. The light material floating on the water is removed from the system through the top screw conveyor installed in the first-level hydraulic separation device, and the heavy weight that is sunk at the bottom is removed. The material is conveyed to the hydrodynamic sorting device in the next step through the screw conveyor at the bottom;

Step S3 Hydrodynamic separation: The hydrodynamic separation device includes a hydrodynamic separator, a vertical circulating pump, an impurity separation screen, a hydrodynamic circulating water tank, a lead grid screw conveyor and a screw conveyor, and heavy materials enter the hydrodynamic separator Inside, the vertical circulation pump provides bottom-up high-pressure water flushing, which generates rising buoyancy while dispersing the material, so that the lead grid in the material is separated from other light materials. The lead grid sinks at the bottom and spirals through the lead grid. The conveyor moves out of the system, and light materials, including separator paper, plastic, leather caps, glue and other fine particles and impurities, float up, enter the impurity sorting sieve through high-pressure water flushing, and sort through high-frequency vibration to make the skin contained in the light material Small particles and impurities such as caps and glue fall into the bottom of the circulating pool and move out of the system through a screw conveyor. The impurities on the sieve, including plastic separator paper, enter the secondary hydraulic separation device;

Step S4 Secondary hydraulic separation: Add a quantitative amount of sodium carbonate to the secondary hydraulic separation equipment through an automatic adding device, and adjust the liquid density in the secondary hydraulic separation equipment to 1.1-1.2kg/m 3 , so as to make the plastic float. On the liquid level, and move out of the system through the top screw conveyor, the separator paper sinks to the bottom, and move out of the system through the bottom screw conveyor.
The method for multi-stage independent water circulation flotation of waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the crushed material is extracted to crush the waste lead-acid batteries twice, and the raw materials of the waste lead-acid batteries are firstly crushed. Transported to the primary hammer crusher for primary coarse crushing of waste batteries. After primary crushing, the primary coarsely crushed materials directly fall into the primary lead paste sorting sieve for sorting. The primary coarse crushed materials contain a large amount of The lead paste falls through the sieve, and the screened material enters the secondary hammer crusher through the feeding equipment for secondary fine crushing. After secondary crushing, the secondary finely crushed raw materials directly fall into the secondary lead paste sorting sieve for secondary crushing. For sorting, the lead paste contained in the secondary finely divided raw material falls through the screen.
A multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 crushed material is extracted from the crushed material and the lead paste is separated by a wet separation method, assisted by high-pressure water washing The lead paste on the upper end of the sorting screen is dropped through the sorting screen.
A multi-stage independent water circulation flotation method for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2, the first stage hydraulic separation, the step S3, the step S3, and the step S4, the second stage hydraulic separation. The liquid inside circulates independently, without interference with each other.