WO2021035404A1 - 充电系统和方法 - Google Patents

充电系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021035404A1
WO2021035404A1 PCT/CN2019/102292 CN2019102292W WO2021035404A1 WO 2021035404 A1 WO2021035404 A1 WO 2021035404A1 CN 2019102292 W CN2019102292 W CN 2019102292W WO 2021035404 A1 WO2021035404 A1 WO 2021035404A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
batteries
transistor
charging system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/102292
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡章荣
时小山
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202311594601.5A priority Critical patent/CN117856378A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/102292 priority patent/WO2021035404A1/zh
Priority to EP19943830.0A priority patent/EP3993216A4/en
Priority to CN201980023567.1A priority patent/CN112703653B/zh
Publication of WO2021035404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021035404A1/zh
Priority to US17/677,860 priority patent/US20220181890A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of circuit technology, and in particular, to a charging system and method.
  • the charging system provided by the present application can improve the flexibility of charging and discharging the battery by switching the connection relationship of the battery in the electronic device, which is beneficial to improving the endurance of the electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a charging system that includes a voltage conversion circuit, a control circuit, an input port, and an output port.
  • the voltage conversion circuit and the control circuit are respectively connected to M batteries, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2, so
  • the input port is connected to an external power source, and the output port is connected to a load;
  • the control circuit is used to switch the connection relationship of the M batteries to connect at least one battery of the M batteries to In the voltage conversion circuit, the connection relationship includes at least one of series or parallel;
  • the voltage conversion circuit is connected to an input port and an output port for receiving electric energy from an external power source through the input port, The at least one battery is charged, and is also used to supply power to the load through the output port.
  • the charging system provided by the present application switches the connection relationship of M batteries, so that the battery can be charged through a variety of connection methods, and the battery can be charged and discharged using different connection methods; secondly, the charging system can be adapted to Equipped with multiple types of external charging adapters to improve battery charging speed and charging efficiency.
  • the control circuit includes M transistors, M-1 first switches, and M-1 second switches; the first ends of the M transistors are connected to the output port, The second end of each transistor is respectively connected to the anode of one of the M batteries; each first switch is connected between two of the M batteries for connecting the two batteries in series; Each second switch is connected between one of the M-1 batteries and the common ground, and is used to connect the one battery to the common ground, so as to connect the one battery and the M batteries except for M- One battery is connected in parallel with another battery.
  • the multiple transistors can independently manage the current flow of the branch where each battery is located under the control of the control unit, so that in a multi-battery power system, the rated battery charging and discharging efficiency can be guaranteed.
  • the charging and discharging of each battery can be realized without symmetry of each battery, which reduces the process complexity of each battery in the power supply system.
  • the battery By setting the transistor, the first switch and the second switch, based on the model of the external power adapter, the battery can be charged in series or in parallel, so that the charging system can adapt to multiple charging methods, thereby improving the charging speed of the charging system.
  • the charging system further includes: a control unit for controlling the gates of the M transistors, and controlling the M-1 first switches and the M-1 second switches Each switch is turned on or off to switch the connection relationship of the M batteries.
  • any one of the M-1 first switches and the M-1 second switches is a transistor switch, and the control unit is configured to control the gate of the transistor switch. To control the turn-on or turn-off of the transistor switch.
  • control unit is specifically configured to control the gate of any one of the M transistors to control the transistor to operate in: a unidirectional conduction state, a bidirectional conduction state, or an off state. status.
  • the battery By controlling the working state of the transistor, the battery can be independently managed to achieve at least one of independent charging, series charging, and parallel charging of the battery, and at least one of independent discharge and parallel discharge of the battery, so as to improve the stability of the charging system Sex.
  • control unit is further configured to collect the working parameters of the M batteries, and control the gates of the M transistors based on the working parameters, and control the M-1 Turning on or turning off each of the first switch and the M-1 second switches, and the operating parameter includes at least one of anode voltage or anode current.
  • the connection relationship of the battery is switched based on the working parameters of the battery, avoiding mutual charging between the batteries, and improving the stability of the charging system.
  • control unit is further configured to collect the output voltage supplied by the voltage conversion circuit to the load through the output port, and the control unit includes a first comparator for comparing any The anode voltage of a battery and the output voltage are used to obtain a first comparison result, and based on the first comparison result, the gate of the transistor corresponding to any one of the M transistors is controlled to control the transistor to operate at One-way communication status.
  • the transistor By setting the first comparator, it is possible to control the transistor to conduct unidirectional conduction to discharge the battery to supplement the output power when the load consumption is too large, causing the transient current of the output port to be too large, which exceeds the load capacity of the output port. The potential of the output terminal continues to drop, which improves the stability of the charging system.
  • control unit further includes a second comparator for comparing the operating parameters of at least one battery among the M batteries with preset parameters to obtain a second comparison result, according to the second comparison result.
  • the comparison result controls the voltage at which the voltage conversion circuit supplies power to the load through the output port.
  • the voltage conversion circuit can adjust the voltage of the output port based on the second comparison result, so that each battery can be charged with preset parameters and the charging efficiency can be improved.
  • the voltage conversion circuit includes: a first charging unit for charging one of the M batteries or charging at least two batteries connected in parallel among the M batteries, and The second charging unit or the third charging unit is used to charge at least two batteries connected in series among the M batteries.
  • the charging system can be adapted to multiple charging and discharging methods, and the flexibility of battery charging and discharging can be improved.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the charging system described in any implementation manner of the first aspect and the M batteries described in the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a charging method.
  • the method includes: a control circuit in the charging system switches the connection relationship of the M batteries connected to the charging system, so that the M batteries are At least one battery in the charging system is connected to the voltage conversion circuit in the charging system, wherein the connection relationship includes at least one of series or parallel, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the voltage conversion circuit passes through the input port in the charging system Receiving electric energy from an external power source; the voltage conversion circuit charges the at least one battery; and the voltage conversion circuit supplies power to the load through an output port in the charging system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first data analysis module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the working principle of the constant current charging stage in the second charging mode provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of the charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of a control unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of the second data analysis module and the connection with other units according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of the second control module and the connection with other units according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another structural schematic diagram of a control unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a discharge method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the “module” mentioned in this article generally refers to a functional structure divided logically.
  • the “module” can be implemented by pure hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • "and/or” describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. three situations.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations, or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. To be precise, words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used to present related concepts in a specific manner. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" means two or more. For example, multiple processing units refer to two or more processing units; multiple systems refer to two or more systems.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power supply system 1 is connected to the input port Vin of the charging system 2 to provide electric energy for the charging system.
  • the power supply system 1 may be an active circuit, which usually includes a voltage source.
  • the power supply system 1 may also be a grid power supply transmission line and an external power adapter, and the charging system 2 is connected to the grid power supply transmission line through the external power adapter, so that the power grid can supply power to the charging system 2 through the power adapter.
  • the output port Vout of the charging system 2 is connected to the load 3, and is used to provide the load 3 with electric energy required for operation.
  • the charging system 2 can also be called a charging and discharging system. In addition to performing the charging function, it can also realize the discharge function. When performing the discharge function, the charging and discharging system is used to control the electric energy flowing from the battery to the load 3. Since this embodiment focuses on the charging function, it focuses on the charging function.
  • the load 3 may be various processors or other types of devices, such as an image processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), and so on.
  • the load 3 may also be various integrated circuit chips, which include but are not limited to artificial intelligence chips, image processing chips, and the like. There is no limitation here. As shown in FIG.
  • the charging system 2 includes a voltage conversion circuit 01 and a control circuit 02.
  • the voltage conversion circuit 01 is connected to the input port Vin and the output port Vout of the charging system 2.
  • the control circuit 02 is connected to the voltage conversion circuit 01.
  • Both the voltage conversion circuit 01 and the control circuit 02 are connected to M batteries (the batteries are not shown in the figure). M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the M batteries can be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the control circuit 01 can switch the connection modes of the M batteries, so that at least one battery is connected to the voltage conversion circuit 02, and the control circuit 01 can perform the switching under the control of the control unit.
  • the voltage conversion circuit 02 can receive electric energy from the outside through the output port Vin, so as to charge at least one battery; the voltage conversion circuit 02 can also supply power to the load 03 through the output port.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 2 includes a voltage conversion circuit, a control circuit, a control unit 23, an input port Vin and an output port Vout.
  • the voltage conversion circuit includes a first charging unit 211, and the control circuit includes a first transistor BF1 and a second transistor BF2.
  • the input port Vin of the charging system 2 may be a power transmission port, such as a USB port.
  • One end of the input port Vin of the charging system 2 is connected to the input end of the first charging unit 211.
  • the other end of the input port Vin of the charging system 2 is connected to the power supply system 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the output terminal of the first charging unit 211 is connected to the output port Vout of the charging system 2.
  • the output port Vout is connected to the load 3 shown in FIG. 1, and the power supply system 1 supplies power to the load 3 through the first charging unit 211 and the output port Vout; or the battery in the charging system 2 supplies power to the load 3 through the output port Vout.
  • the first charging unit 211 may be a voltage conversion circuit, such as a boost-buck (BOOST-BUCK) conversion circuit, a buck conversion circuit, and the like.
  • a boost-buck (BOOST-BUCK) conversion circuit such as a boost-buck (BOOST-BUCK) conversion circuit, a buck conversion circuit, and the like.
  • BOOST-BUCK boost-buck
  • buck conversion circuit such as a boost-buck (BOOST-BUCK) conversion circuit, a buck conversion circuit, and the like.
  • the first charging unit 211 needs to adjust the voltage signal or current signal inputted from the outside, and convert it to directly supply power to the load or meet the battery charging requirements.
  • the voltage signal or current signal is used to supply power to the load or charge the battery.
  • the first terminal of the first transistor BF1 is connected to the output terminal Vout of the first charging unit 211
  • the second terminal of the first transistor BF1 is connected to the anode of the first battery 220
  • the gate of the first transistor BF1 Connect to the control terminal C1 of the control unit 23.
  • the first end of the second transistor BF2 is connected to the output port Vout and the first end of the first transistor BF1
  • the second end of the second transistor BF2 is connected to the anode of the second battery 221
  • the gate of the second transistor BF2 is connected to the control The control terminal C2 of the unit 23.
  • the cathodes of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are connected to the common ground of the charging system.
  • the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 may be BATFETs.
  • the transistor BATFET can be regarded as a special type of transistor. That is, its voltage-based control can work in the on state or in the off state.
  • the first transistor BF1 as an example, the working principle of the transistor is described in detail. As shown in Figure 2, the transistor BF1 is turned on under the control of the control unit 23, that is, the control terminal C1 applies a start signal to the transistor BF1 (for example, when the transistor BF1 is an N-channel transistor, a high-level signal is applied, and when the transistor BF1 is a P-channel transistor, Apply a low-level signal).
  • Transistor BF1 When the voltage difference between the first terminal potential and the second terminal potential of the transistor BF1 is less than the preset threshold value (the preset threshold value is usually very small, so that the potential values of the first terminal potential and the second terminal potential are approximately equal), Transistor BF1 conducts bidirectionally. In other words, at this time, the current at the first end of the transistor BF1 can flow to the second end, and the current at the second end can also flow to the first end. When the voltage difference between the first terminal potential and the second terminal potential of the transistor BF1 is greater than the preset threshold, and the first terminal potential of the transistor BF1 is higher than the second terminal potential, the transistor BF1 conducts unidirectionally. At this time, the transistor BF1 The current at the first end flows to the second end.
  • the preset threshold value is usually very small, so that the potential values of the first terminal potential and the second terminal potential are approximately equal
  • the transistor BF1 When the voltage difference between the first terminal potential and the second terminal potential of the transistor BF1 is greater than the preset threshold, and the first terminal potential of the transistor BF1 is lower than the second terminal potential, the transistor BF1 conducts unidirectionally. At this time, the transistor BF1 The current at the second end flows to the first end.
  • the control unit C1 applies a turn-off signal to the transistor BF1 (for example, a low-level signal is applied when the transistor BF1 is an N-channel transistor, and a high-level signal is applied when the transistor BF1 is a P-channel transistor), the transistor BF1 is turned off.
  • the control unit 23 may include: control terminals C1, C2, signal collection terminals A1, A2, A3, A4, a feedback signal output terminal Fo, a first enable control terminal EN1, and a second enable control terminal EN2.
  • the first enable control terminal EN1 is a charging enable terminal. When the first enable control terminal EN1 receives the enable signal, the charging system works in the charging state.
  • the second enable control terminal EN2 is a non-charging enable terminal. In other words, in this state, the charging system can be connected to the external adapter but does not charge the battery or discharge the battery.
  • the control unit 23 Under the control of the enable signal input from the first enable control terminal EN1, the control unit 23 cooperates with the first charging unit 211, the first transistor BF1, and the second transistor BF2 to provide information to the first battery 220 and the second The battery 221 is charged. Under the control of the enable signal received by the second enable control terminal EN2, the charging of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 is stopped.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the control unit 23 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control unit 23 may further include a first control module 231, a storage module 232, and a first data analysis module 233.
  • the first control module 231 is connected to the gate of the first transistor BF1 and the gate of the second transistor BF2 through the control terminals C1 and C2, respectively.
  • the first control module 231 can also connect to the external charging enable through the first enable control terminal EN1.
  • Control signal source connection may include a signal generator, which may generate a control signal to control the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 based on the signal sent by the first data analysis module 233 and the external charging enable control signal source.
  • the storage module 232 may be used to store the charging parameters of each battery.
  • the charging parameter may include, but is not limited to, a preset charging current value, a preset constant current charging voltage value, and the like.
  • the storage module 232 may be a latch.
  • the aforementioned charging parameters may be pre-written in the storage module 232 by the user based on the characteristics of each battery. Due to the difference in battery power, battery capacity, and charging and discharging speed, each battery has specific charging parameters corresponding to it.
  • the first data analysis module 233 includes a plurality of first input terminals. One of the first input terminals collects the charging current of the first battery 220 through the signal collection terminal A1; one of the first input terminals collects the second battery 221 through the signal collection terminal A2.
  • One of the first input terminals is connected to the anode of the first battery 220 through the above-mentioned signal collection terminal A3, and is used to collect the anode voltage of the first battery 220; one of the first input terminals is connected to the second through the signal collection terminal A4
  • the anode of the battery 221 is connected to collect the anode voltage of the second battery 221.
  • the input terminal of the first control module 231 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the first data analysis module 233, and the output terminal of the storage module 232 is connected to the second input terminal of the first data analysis module 233.
  • the first data analysis module 233 is connected to the feedback signal input terminal Fi of the first charging unit 211 through the feedback signal output terminal Fo.
  • the first data analysis module 233 may periodically collect the anode voltage signal and the charging current signal of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221. Then, the first data analysis module 233 sends to the first control module 231 based on the collected anode voltage signals and charging current signals of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221, and the battery charging parameters obtained from the storage module. Signals that control the working states of the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 and send a feedback signal to the first charging unit 231. Here, the feedback signal is used to indicate the difference between the charging current of each battery and the preset charging current value between each battery.
  • the first charging unit 231 can adjust the output voltage of the first charging unit 231 based on the feedback signal, so that the current flowing through the first battery 220 and the current flowing through the second battery 221 reach their respective preset charging current values, so that The first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are charged with a preset charging current value.
  • the first control module 231 can independently control the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 based on the control logic, or can cooperate with the first data analysis module 233, based on the signal pair sent by the first data analysis module 233.
  • the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 implement control.
  • the above-mentioned first control module 231, storage module 232, and first data analysis module 233 are all integrated in the control unit, so that the control unit passes A1, A2, A3, A4, C1, C2, Fo, EN1, The EN2 port communicates with external circuits.
  • the user may write the above-mentioned parameters into the storage module 232 in advance, and then integrate the storage module 232 into the control unit.
  • the control unit 232 may also include a data writing port (not shown in the figure). Therefore, the user can write the preset charging current value, constant current charging voltage value, constant current charging duration, constant voltage charging duration and other parameters of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 to the storage module 232 through the data writing port.
  • control unit 23 of the charging system may include a first data analysis module and a second data analysis module.
  • the first data analysis module is enabled during the battery charging process.
  • the second data analysis module is enabled during the battery discharge process.
  • the module division of the aforementioned control unit is not limited to this.
  • the first data analysis module and the second data analysis module can be implemented as one module.
  • the first data analysis module, the second data analysis module, and the storage module can be implemented as one module.
  • the control unit 23 is logically divided into the aforementioned modules.
  • the aforementioned control unit may also be implemented in other ways (for example, PLC, (Programmable Logic Controller, Programmable Logic Controller), etc.).
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first data analysis module 233 provided in the present application.
  • the first data analysis module 233 includes a first error amplifier EA1 and a second error amplifier EA2, a first strobe Q1, and a second strobe Q2.
  • the first gate Q1 includes a plurality of input terminals.
  • the first input terminal of the first error amplifier EA1 is connected to the anode of the first battery 220 through the signal acquisition terminal A1 of the control unit 23, and the second input terminal of the first error amplifier EA1 is connected to the output terminal of the storage module 232.
  • the output terminal of the amplifier EA1 is connected to one of the input terminals of the first strobe Q1.
  • the first input terminal of the second error amplifier EA2 is connected to the anode of the second battery 221 through the signal acquisition terminal A2 of the control unit 23, the second input terminal of the second error amplifier EA2 is connected to the output terminal of the storage module 232, and the second The output terminal of the error amplifier EA2 is connected to the other input terminal of the first strobe Q1.
  • the second gate Q2 includes a plurality of input terminals, the output terminal of the first gate Q1 is connected to one of the input terminals of the second gate Q2, and the other two input terminals of the second gate Q2 are respectively connected to the control
  • the signal collection terminals A3 and A4 of the unit 23 are connected.
  • the output terminal of the second gate Q2 is connected to the feedback signal input terminal Fi of the first charging unit 211 through the feedback signal output terminal Fo.
  • the first gate Q1 is used to gate the smallest signal value among the multiple input signal values; the second gate Q2 is used to gate the largest signal value among the multiple input signal values.
  • the charging system may charge the battery according to the first charging mode.
  • This first charging mode may also be referred to as a battery independent charging mode.
  • the first battery BF1 and the second battery BF2 are charged in time sharing.
  • the first charging mode will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 4.
  • the first control module 231 can control the first transistor BF1 to turn on, and control the second transistor BF2 to turn off.
  • the first charging unit 211 provides externally input power to the first battery 220 through the first transistor BF1 to charge the first battery 220. Specifically, in the constant current charging stage, the first charging unit 211 may adjust the potential of the output port Vout, so that the first battery 220 is charged with constant current.
  • the first data analysis module 233 periodically collects the anode voltage of the first battery 220, and compares the collected anode voltage with the maximum value of the constant current charging voltage obtained from the storage module 232, and determines that the first battery 220 When the anode potential reaches the maximum value of the constant current charging voltage, the constant current charging stage turns to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the battery charging current gradually decreases.
  • the first transistor BF1 is controlled to be turned off.
  • the first control module 232 controls the second transistor BF2 to be turned on.
  • the first charging unit 211 provides externally input power to the second battery 221 through the second transistor BF2 to charge the second battery 221.
  • the specific charging method of the second battery 221 refer to the charging method of the first battery 220, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second transistor BF2 can be controlled to turn off.
  • the above-mentioned constant current charging stage further includes a current detection step.
  • the first strobe Q1 gates the error amplification signal provided by the first error amplifier EA1;
  • the second battery BF2 is charged, the first selection The pass device Q1 gates the error amplification signal provided by the second error amplifier EA2;
  • the second gate device Q2 can directly provide the error amplification signal provided by the first gate Q1 to the first charging unit 211 through the feedback signal output terminal Fo Feedback signal input terminal Fi.
  • the first battery 220 as an example for detailed description.
  • the first error amplifier EA1 periodically collects the charging current of the first battery 220, compares the collected charging current with the preset charging current value of the first battery 220 stored in the storage module 232, and determines the charging current of the first battery 220 Whether it reaches the preset charging current value.
  • the error signal between the charging current of the first battery 220 and the preset charging current value may be passed through the first gate Q1 and the second gate.
  • the device Q2 is provided to the first charging unit 211, so that the first charging unit 211 increases the potential of the output port Vout, thereby increasing the charging current of the first battery 220.
  • the first error amplifier EA1 detects that the charging current of the first battery 220 reaches the preset charging current value, it sends a signal to the first charging unit 211 to maintain the potential of the output port Vout. In other words, at this time, the anode of the first battery 220 reaches the preset charging current value, and constant current charging is performed at the preset charging current value.
  • the charging system may charge the battery according to the second charging mode.
  • This second charging mode may also be referred to as a parallel charging mode.
  • the first control module 231 can control both the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 to be turned on.
  • the first charging unit 211 provides externally input power to the first battery 220 through the first transistor BF1 and to the second battery 221 through the second transistor BF2 to charge the first battery 220 and the second battery 221.
  • the first charging unit 211 can adjust the potential of the output terminal Vout, so that the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are charged with constant current.
  • the data analysis module 233 periodically collects the anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221, and determines whether the anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reach a preset threshold.
  • the constant current charging stage turns to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are kept unchanged, and at this time, the charging currents of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 gradually decrease.
  • the charging system 200 may pre-store the preset charging cut-off thresholds of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221.
  • the first data analysis module 233 collects that the charging current values of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reach their respective preset charging cut-off thresholds, the first transistor BF1 connected to the first battery 220 and the first transistor BF1 connected to the first battery 220 are turned off. The second transistor BF2 connected to the two batteries. Thus, both the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are fully charged.
  • the constant current charging phase further includes the step of making the charging current of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reach the preset charging current value.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the working principle of the constant current charging stage in the second charging mode provided by an embodiment of the application. It specifically includes the following steps: step S51, initialize the first charging unit 211, so that the potential of the output terminal Vout of the first charging unit 211 is higher than the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221.
  • step S52 the first data analysis module 233 collects the charging current and anode voltage of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 respectively, and can perform the following based on the received charging current and anode voltage of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 Sub-step: step S521, comparing the charging current of the first battery 220 with the pre-stored preset charging current value of the first battery 220, and comparing the charging current of the second battery 221 with the pre-stored preset charging current of the second battery 221 The charging current values are compared to determine whether the charging current of the first battery 220 and the charging current of the second battery 221 both reach the preset charging current value.
  • step S522 when it is determined that the charging current of at least one battery has not reached the preset charging current value, it is further determined whether the difference between the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the anode potential of the second battery 221 is greater than a preset threshold.
  • step S523 it is determined that the difference between the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the anode potential of the second battery 221 is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and at the same time, it is determined that the anode potential of the first battery 220 is higher than that of the second battery 221.
  • the anode potential of the first battery 220 is fed back to the first charging unit 211, so that the output terminal of the first charging unit 211 outputs the anode potential of the first battery 220.
  • the potentials of the first terminal and the second terminal of the first transistor BF1 are the same, and the transistor BF1 is bidirectionally conductive.
  • the potential of the first terminal of the second transistor BF2 is higher than the potential of the second terminal, and the second transistor BF2 works in a constant current state, which enables the second battery 221 to perform constant current charging at a preset charging current value.
  • step S524 when it is determined that the difference between the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the anode potential of the second battery 221 is less than the preset threshold, the first data analysis module 233 may further determine the charging current of the first battery 220 and The difference between the preset charging current value, the difference between the charging current of the second battery 221 and the preset charging current value.
  • step S523 and step S524 are parallel steps.
  • the aforementioned first data analysis module 233 decides to perform step S523 or step S524 based on the determined difference between the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the anode potential of the second battery 221.
  • step S524 can be switched to.
  • Step S525 Convert each determined current difference value into an error signal based on a preset conversion mode, and determine the smallest error signal.
  • step S526 when it is determined that the voltage value requested by the smallest error signal is higher than the anode potential value of the first battery 220 and the anode potential value of the second battery, the voltage value requested by the smallest error signal is provided to the first charging unit 211's feedback signal input terminal.
  • the above-mentioned error signal may include a first signal and a second signal.
  • the first signal may be a "logic 0" signal
  • the second signal may be a "logic 1” signal.
  • the error signal is a "logic 0" signal, it means that the battery corresponding to the error signal is charged with the preset maximum current; when the error signal is a "logic 1” signal, it means that the charging current of the battery corresponding to the error signal has not The preset maximum charging current is reached. Therefore, the charging current value of each battery is determined based on the error signal to request the corresponding voltage value from the first charging unit.
  • the first terminal voltage of the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 are both higher than the second terminal voltage, and both the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 work in a charged state. Therefore, in this working state, there is a certain difference in the distribution of the initial charging current between the first battery 220 and the second battery 221. After working for a period of time, the currents of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 can reach the preset charging current value.
  • step S53 the first data analysis module 233 detects that the charging current of the first battery 220 and the charging current of the second battery 221 both reach the preset charging current value, and sends to the first charging unit 211 that the current reaches the preset charging current value. signal. Up to this point, both the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are working in a constant current charging state.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 2 includes a voltage conversion circuit, a control circuit, a control unit 23, an input port Vin and an output port Vout.
  • the voltage conversion circuit includes a first charging unit 211, and the control circuit includes a first transistor BF1 and a second transistor BF2.
  • the control unit 23 includes a first control module 231, a storage module 232 and a first data analysis module 233.
  • the control circuit further includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K2.
  • the first terminal of the first switch K1 is connected to the cathode of the second battery 220, and the second terminal of the first switch K1 is connected to the common ground Gnd.
  • the first end of the second switch K2 is connected to the anode of the first battery 220, and the second end is connected to the cathode of the second battery 221.
  • the voltage conversion circuit may further include a second charging unit 212.
  • the input terminal of the second charging unit 212 is connected to the input port Vin of the charging system 2, and the output terminal is connected to the anode of the second battery 221.
  • first switch K1 and the second switch K2 cooperate with each other, so that the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are connected in series or in parallel.
  • first switch K1 When the first switch K1 is closed and the second switch K2 is opened, the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are connected in parallel.
  • first switch K1 When the first switch K1 is opened and the second switch K2 is closed, the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are connected in series.
  • the first charging unit 211 may use the first charging mode or the second charging mode in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 to charge the first battery 220 and the second battery 221. At this time, the first switch K1 is closed, and the second switch K2 is open.
  • the specific charging methods of the first charging mode and the second charging mode reference may be made to the description of the embodiment in FIG. 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second charging unit 212 and the first charging unit 211 cooperate with each other, so that the charging system can charge the battery according to the third charging mode.
  • This third charging mode may be referred to as a series charging mode.
  • the third charging mode will be described in detail below based on the internal structure of the control unit 23 shown in FIG. 3 and the structure of the charging system 2 shown in FIG. 6.
  • the first transistor BF1 is controlled to work in a unidirectional conduction state, and the second transistor BF2 is controlled to turn off.
  • the first battery 220 and the second battery 211 are charged in series.
  • the second charging unit 212 converts the electric energy obtained from the input port Vin and supplies it to the first battery 220 and the second battery 221.
  • the first transistor BF1 allows current to flow from the battery anode to the output terminal Vout of the charging system.
  • the first data analysis module 233 in the control unit 23 periodically collects the anode voltage of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221, based on the collected anode voltage, and compares the collected anode voltage with the slave storage module 232 The obtained maximum value of the constant current charging voltage is compared to determine whether there is a battery anode that reaches the maximum value of the constant current charging voltage.
  • the constant current charging stage turns to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the first control module 231 controls the second transistor BF2 to be turned off, and keeps the first transistor BF1 in the on state.
  • the first data analysis module 233 sends a feedback signal to the first charging unit 211, so that the first battery 220 is charged at a constant voltage.
  • the first control module 231 determines that the charge cut-off threshold of the second battery is reached, it can determine that the first battery 220 is fully charged. At this time, the first control module 231 controls the first transistor BF1 to turn off.
  • the first control module 231 controls the second transistor BF2 to turn on, so that the first battery 220 is charged at a constant voltage.
  • the first control module 231 determines that the charge cut-off threshold of the second battery is reached, it can determine that the second battery 221 is fully charged and can control the second transistor BF2 to turn off.
  • the above-mentioned charging further includes the step of making the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reach the maximum charging current in the constant current charging stage.
  • the series charging stage when one of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reaches a preset charging current value, the series charging can be switched to the parallel charging. That is, at this time, turn off the second switch K2, turn on the first switch K1, so that the first switch is in the on state, and continue to charge the batteries in the first charging mode or the second charging mode until one of the batteries reaches the preset value.
  • the maximum charging current value when one of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reaches a preset charging current value, the series charging can be switched to the parallel charging. That is, at this time, turn off the second switch K2, turn on the first switch K1, so that the first switch is in the on state, and continue to charge the batteries in the first charging mode or the second charging mode until one of the batteries reaches the preset value.
  • the maximum charging current value is, at this time, turn off the second switch K2, turn on the first switch K1, so that the first switch is in the on state, and continue to charge the batteries in the first charging mode or the second charging
  • the charging system may charge the battery according to the fourth charging mode.
  • This fourth charging mode may be referred to as a series charging mode.
  • the first charging unit 211 is enabled.
  • the second transistor BF2 is controlled to be in a fully conductive state
  • the first transistor BF1 is controlled to be in a unidirectional conductive state or an off state.
  • the unidirectional conduction of the first transistor BF1 means that the first transistor BF1 allows current to flow from the anode of the battery to the output terminal Vout of the charging system.
  • the first switch K1 is controlled to be in the off state and the second switch is in the on state.
  • the first charging unit 211 charges the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 through the second transistor BF2 and the second switch K2.
  • the specific working principle of the series charging mode please refer to the specific description of the third charging mode, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 integrates a first charging unit, a second charging unit, a first switch K1, and a second charging system in the charging system.
  • Switch K2 enables the charging system to select the charging mode based on the structure of the external power adapter, improving the charging efficiency of the charging system, and at the same time providing effective protection for the battery, avoiding battery undercharge or overcharge, and improving battery utilization.
  • the third charging mode and the fourth charging mode have the same working principle.
  • the fourth charging mode can be regarded as an alternative to the third charging mode. The difference is that the third charging mode is to charge the batteries in series through the second charging unit, and the fourth charging mode is to charge the batteries in series through the first charging unit and one of the transistors.
  • FIG. 7 shows another structural schematic diagram of the control unit 23 provided in the present application.
  • the control unit 23 includes a first control module 231, a storage module 232, a first data analysis module 233, control terminals C1, C2, signal collection terminals A1, A2, A3, and A4, and feedback signal output terminals Fo, An enable control terminal EN1.
  • a first control module 231 a storage module 232
  • a first data analysis module 233 control terminals C1, C2, signal collection terminals A1, A2, A3, and A4, and feedback signal output terminals Fo
  • An enable control terminal EN1 For the connection relationship, specific structure and working principle of each module and port, please refer to the related description of the control unit 23 shown in FIG. 3, which will not be repeated here.
  • control unit 23 further includes a second data analysis module 234 and a second control module 235.
  • the second data analysis module 234 includes a plurality of first input terminals.
  • One of the first input terminals collects the charging current of the first battery 220 through the signal acquisition terminal A1; one of the first input terminals acquires the second battery 221 through the signal acquisition terminal A2.
  • One of the first input terminals is connected to the anode of the first battery 220 through the above-mentioned signal collection terminal A3, and is used to collect the anode voltage of the first battery 220; one of the first input terminals is connected to the second through the signal collection terminal A4
  • the anode of the battery 221 is connected to collect the anode voltage of the second battery 221.
  • the second data analysis module includes a plurality of output terminals, which are connected to the first input terminal of the first data analysis module 233 in a one-to-one correspondence, and are used to charge the collected first battery 220 and second battery 221
  • the current signal and voltage signal are provided to the first data analysis module 233.
  • the second input terminal of the second data analysis module 234 is connected to the storage module 232.
  • the second data analysis module 234 is enabled during the battery discharge process. During the battery discharge process, the second data analysis module 234 periodically collects the anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221, compares the collected anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221, and determines When the voltage difference between the anode voltages of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 is greater than a preset threshold (for example, 200 mV), an enable signal is output to the second enable terminal EN3 of the second control module 235.
  • a preset threshold for example, 200 mV
  • the second control module 235 includes a first enable terminal, a second enable terminal, and multiple output terminals.
  • the first enable terminal is connected to the external non-charging enable control signal source through the second enable control terminal EN2.
  • the second enable terminal EN3 is connected to the control signal output terminal of the second data analysis module 234. Two of the output terminals of the second control module 235 are respectively connected to the control terminals C1 and C2 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the second control module 235 is enabled under the combined action of the enable signal input from the second enable control terminal EN2 and the enable signal input from the second enable terminal EN3.
  • the second control module 235 is enabled when the charging system has external power input and the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are not in the charging state.
  • the potential difference between the anode of the first battery 220 and the anode of the second battery 221 is greater than a preset threshold (for example, 200 mv), and the charging system is enabled when there is no external power input.
  • the specific structure of the second data analysis module 234 is shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 8 shows the internal structure of the second data analysis module 234 and the schematic diagram of the connection with other units and modules according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second data analysis module 234 includes a differential amplifier OP1, a first comparator B1, and a signal conversion module 2341.
  • the first input terminal of the differential amplifier OP1 is connected to the anode of the first battery 221 through the signal acquisition terminal A4 of the control unit 23, and the second input terminal of the differential amplifier OP1 is connected to the second battery 220 through the signal acquisition terminal A3 of the control unit 23.
  • the anode is connected.
  • the output terminal of the differential amplifier OP1 is connected to the first input terminal of the first comparator B1.
  • the second input terminal of the first comparator B1 is connected to the storage module 232.
  • the output terminal of the first comparator B1 is connected to the input terminal of the signal conversion module 2341, and the output terminal of the signal conversion module 2341 is connected to the second enable terminal EN3 of the second control module 235.
  • the first comparator B1 is a hysteresis comparator.
  • the signal conversion module 2341 is used to convert the step signal provided by the first comparator B1 into a pulse signal.
  • the specific structure of the second control module 235 is shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 9 shows the internal structure of the second control module 235 and the schematic diagram of the connection with other units and modules according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second control module 235 includes a second comparator B2, a third comparator B3, and an offset terminal. Among them, the second comparator B2 and the third comparator B3 may be hysteresis comparators.
  • the first input terminal of the second comparator B2 is connected to the offset port and the first terminal of the first transistor BF1, the second input terminal of the second comparator B2 is connected to the second terminal of the first transistor BF1 and the anode of the first battery 220
  • the output terminal of the second comparator B2 is connected to the gate of the first transistor BF1 through the control terminal C1;
  • the first input terminal of the third comparator B3 is connected to the offset port and the first terminal of the second transistor BF2, and the third
  • the second input terminal of the comparator B3 is connected to the second terminal of the second transistor BF2 and the anode of the second battery 221, and the output terminal of the third comparator B3 is connected to the gate of the second transistor BF2 through the control terminal C2.
  • the output terminal Vout of the charging system 2 is connected to the offset port.
  • the offset terminal is a bias terminal, which is used to provide a comparison offset voltage, so that the effect of the hysteresis comparator can be enhanced.
  • the offset terminal can bias the voltage provided by the output terminal Vout and provide it to the first input terminal of the second comparator B2 and the third comparator B3.
  • the second control module 235 is enabled under the control of the enable signal sent by the second enable control terminal EN2.
  • the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 are in a unidirectional conduction state.
  • the external power supply system supplies power to the load through the first charging unit 211.
  • the second comparator B2 monitors the difference between the potential of the output terminal Vout and the anode potential of the first battery 220 in real time
  • the third comparator B3 monitors the difference between the potential of the output terminal Vout and the anode potential of the second battery 221 in real time.
  • the second comparator B2 and the third comparator B3 work independently, and their working principles are the same. Take the second comparator B2 as an example for illustration.
  • the second comparator B2 compares the potential input at the first input terminal with the potential input at the second input terminal, and determines that the difference between the potential at the output terminal Vout and the anode potential of the first battery 220 is greater than the expected value.
  • the threshold value is set and the potential of the output terminal Vout is lower than the anode potential of the first battery 220, it indicates that the load consumes too much energy, causing the transient current of the output terminal Vout to be too large, and when the load capacity of the first charging unit 211 is exceeded, it causes The potential of the output terminal Vout continues to drop.
  • the second comparator B2 controls the first transistor BF1 to be turned on, so that the first battery 220 provides electric energy to the output terminal Vout through the first transistor BF1, effectively suppressing the continuous drop of the potential of the output terminal Vout, and providing it to the output terminal Vout in time Electrical energy.
  • the second comparator B2 determines that the difference between the potential of Vout and the anode potential of the first battery 220 is less than the preset threshold, and the potential of the output terminal Vout is lower than the anode potential of the first battery 220, the transient state is described. The load current is cancelled, and the potential of the output terminal Vout rises. At this time, the second comparator B2 controls the first transistor BF1 to turn off.
  • the second control module 235 implements unidirectional enable control of the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2. In other words, one of the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 works in a unidirectional conduction state. At the same time, the second control module 235 can also control the transistors located in the higher voltage path to work in a fully-on state.
  • the battery When the charging system 2 is kept disconnected from the external power supply system, the battery provides electrical energy to the load.
  • the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 alternately supply power to the load.
  • One of the batteries is in a discharged state, and it is assumed that the first battery 220 is in a discharged state.
  • the first transistor BF1 is in a fully-on state, that is, at this time, current flows from the second end of the first transistor BF1 to the first end, and the second transistor BF2 is in an off state.
  • the second data analysis module 234 When the second data analysis module 234 detects that the difference between the anode potential of the first battery 220 and the anode potential of the second battery 221 is greater than the preset threshold value, the second data analysis module 234 sends a notification to the second control module 235
  • the enable terminal EN3 sends a phase enable signal, so that the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 work in a unidirectional conduction state.
  • the enabling can be automatically stopped.
  • the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 exit the unidirectional conduction state.
  • the branch where the second transistor 221 is located has a higher voltage path.
  • the second transistor 221 is controlled to work in the fully-on state, and the first transistor 220 is controlled to work in the off state.
  • the battery conversion discharge is completed.
  • the working process of the second enabling terminal controlling the enabling of the second control module 235 has completed the dynamic conversion of the alternate power supply from the first battery 220 to the second battery 221.
  • the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor BF2 may both work in a unidirectional enable state. Specifically, when the charging system 2 is kept disconnected from the external power supply system, the battery provides electrical energy to the load. One of the batteries is in a discharged state, and it is assumed that the first battery 220 is in a discharged state. At this time, the first transistor BF1 is in a unidirectional conduction state, and the second transistor BF2 is in an off state.
  • the second control module 235 detects that the anode voltage difference between the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 is greater than a preset threshold (for example, 200 mv), and the anode voltage of the second battery 220 is greater than the anode voltage of the first battery 220,
  • the first transistor BF1 is controlled to be turned off, and the second transistor BF2 is controlled to be unidirectionally conducted.
  • the second battery 221 is in a discharged state.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the charging system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 2 includes a voltage conversion circuit, a control circuit, a control unit 23, an input port Vin and an output port Vout.
  • the voltage conversion circuit includes a first charging unit 211 and a second charging unit 212, and the control circuit includes a first transistor BF1 and a second transistor BF2.
  • the control circuit further includes a third transistor BF3, and the voltage conversion circuit further includes a third charging unit 213.
  • the third transistor BF3 is connected between the output terminal Vout and the third battery 222.
  • the structure and control logic of each transistor can refer to the related description of the transistor shown in FIG. 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second charging unit 212 may be a charging unit that provides two batteries to be charged in series.
  • the third charging unit 213 may be a charging unit that provides three batteries to be charged in series.
  • control unit 23 In the charging system 2 shown in FIG. 10, the structure of the control unit 23 is shown in FIG. 11, which may include a first control module 231, a storage module 232, a first data analysis module 233, a second data analysis module 234, and a second data analysis module 234.
  • Two control module 235 For the specific internal connections and the working principles of each part, please refer to the related description of FIG. 8, which will not be repeated here.
  • the difference from the control unit 23 shown in FIG. 8 is that the control unit shown in this embodiment includes three control terminals C1, C2, C3, and the three control terminals C1, C2, C3 are connected to the first transistor BF1 and the second transistor respectively.
  • the control terminals of the second transistor BF2 and the third transistor BF3 are connected in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the control unit 23 also includes signal collection terminals A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6, wherein the signal collection terminals A1, A2, A3 are used to collect the charging currents of the first battery 220, the second battery 221, and the third battery 222, respectively. ;
  • the signal collection terminals A4, A5, A6 are respectively connected to the anodes of the first battery 220, the second battery 221 and the third battery 222 in a one-to-one correspondence to collect the anodes of the first battery 220, the second battery 221 and the third battery 222 Voltage.
  • the first enable terminal EN1 is enabled in a charged state
  • the second enable terminal EN2 is enabled in a non-charged state.
  • the charging system can charge the battery according to the first charging mode.
  • This first charging mode may also be referred to as a battery independent charging mode.
  • external electric energy is charged to each battery through the first charging unit 211.
  • the first switches K1_1, K1_2 and the first transistor BF1 are kept turned on, and the second switches K2_1, K2_2, the second transistor BF2 and the third transistor BF3 are kept turned off.
  • the first battery 220 is charged.
  • the first transistor BF1 is turned off, the second transistor BF2 is controlled to be turned on, and the second battery 221 is charged.
  • the second transistor BF2 When the second battery 221 is fully charged, the second transistor BF2 is turned off, the third transistor BF3 is controlled to be turned on, and the third battery 222 is charged.
  • the specific working principle of the first charging mode reference may be made to the related description of the first charging mode shown in FIG. 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the charging system can charge the battery according to the second charging mode.
  • This second charging mode may also be referred to as a battery parallel charging mode.
  • external electric energy is charged to each battery through the first charging unit 211.
  • the first transistor BF1, the second transistor BF2, the third transistor BF3, the first switches K1_1 and K1_2 are controlled to be turned on, and the second switches K2_1 and K2_2 are controlled to be turned off.
  • the first battery 220, the second battery 221, and the third battery 222 are charged with constant current.
  • the constant current charging phase turns to the constant voltage charging phase until all the batteries are fully charged.
  • the charging system can charge the battery according to the third charging mode.
  • This third charging mode may also be referred to as a two-battery series charging mode. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are charged in series, and the third battery 222 is charged independently. In this charging mode, external electric energy is charged to each battery through the first charging unit 211 and the second charging unit 212. At this time, firstly, the first transistor BF1, the second transistor BF2, the first switch K1_1, and the fourth switch K2_2 are controlled to be turned off, and the third transistor BF3, the second switch K2_1, and the third switch K1_2 are controlled to be turned on. The first battery 220 and the second battery 221 are charged in series.
  • the second charging unit 212 provides the electric energy obtained from the input port Vin to the first battery 220 and the second battery 221.
  • the third battery is charged independently, and the first charging unit 211 provides the power obtained from the input port Vin to the third battery 222.
  • the anode voltage of one of the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 reaches the maximum value of the constant current charging voltage, the first battery 220 and the second battery 221 switch from series charging to parallel charging. You can refer to the related description of the second charging mode, which will not be repeated here.
  • the charging system can charge the battery according to the fourth charging mode.
  • This fourth charging mode may also be referred to as a three-battery series charging mode. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the first battery 220, the second battery 221, and the third battery 222 are charged in series.
  • the first charging unit 211 and the third charging unit 213 cooperate with each other to charge the battery.
  • the first transistor BF1 is controlled to work in a unidirectional conduction state
  • the second transistor BF2, the third transistor BF3, and the second switches K2_1 and K2_2 are turned on
  • the first switches K1_1 and K1_2 are controlled to be turned off.
  • the first battery 220, the second battery 221, and the third battery 222 are charged with constant current by the third charging unit.
  • the series charging phase turns to the parallel charging phase. That is, the first battery 220, the second battery 221, and the third battery 222 are switched from series charging to parallel charging. Refer to the related description of the second charging mode, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flow 1200 of a charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the charging method is applied to the charging system shown in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the charging method 1200 includes: step 1201, determining the charging mode implemented by the charging system. Step 1202, in response to detecting that the charging system is charging the battery according to the first charging mode, keep the transistor connected to the first battery in the on state, keep the remaining transistors in the off state, and charge the first battery.
  • Step 1203 in response to detecting that the potential of the anode of the first battery reaches the preset potential value, turn off the transistor connected to the first battery and turn on the transistor connected to the second battery, so that the transistor connected to the second battery is turned on State, charge the second battery.
  • it further includes the step of charging the battery according to the second charging mode. Specifically, it includes: step 1204, in response to detecting that the charging system is charging the battery according to the second charging mode, maintaining each transistor and each first switch in an on state, maintaining each second switch in an off state, and charging each battery. Step 1205, in response to detecting that the anode potential of one of the batteries reaches the maximum value of the constant current charging voltage, control the first charging unit to switch from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage. Step 1206, as the charging current of each battery gradually decreases, the charging cut-off current threshold is reached successively, the battery is confirmed to be fully charged, the corresponding transistor is controlled to stop charging, and finally all the batteries are fully charged.
  • it further includes the step of charging the battery according to the third charging mode. Specifically, it includes: step 1207, in response to detecting that the charging system is charging the battery according to the third charging mode, keeping each transistor and each second switch in an on state, maintaining each first switch in an off state, and charging each battery. Step 1208, in response to detecting that the anode potential of one of the batteries reaches the preset potential value, turn off the second charging unit, turn off each second switch, and turn on the first switch so that each first switch is in a conducting state, and all batteries are switched to Parallel state. In step 1209, the first charging mode or the second charging mode is adopted, so that each battery continues to be charged in a parallel charging state until all the batteries are fully charged.
  • the charging system may further charge the battery according to the fourth charging mode.
  • the fourth charging mode is also a series charging mode.
  • the specific charging method includes: keeping the n-th transistor in a fully-on state (for example, the second transistor BF2 shown in FIG. 2 and the third transistor BF3 shown in FIG. 10), and keeping the remaining transistors in a unidirectional on or off state, Keep each second switch in an on state, keep each first switch in an off state, and charge each battery. It is also said that at this time, the first charging unit enables charging, or the first charging unit and the second charging unit simultaneously enable charging.
  • the transistor connected to the battery reaching the preset potential value is turned off, each second switch is turned off, and the first switch is turned on, so that each first switch is in a conducting state , Continue to use the first charging mode or the second charging mode to charge the battery.
  • the above-mentioned maintaining each transistor and each first switch in a conducting state, maintaining each second switch in a closed state, and charging each battery specifically includes: initializing the first charging unit so that the first The potential of the output terminal of the charging unit is higher than the anode potential of each battery; the anode voltage and charging current of each battery are collected, and the collected charging current is compared with the preset charging current value of each battery to determine whether the charging current of each battery reaches Preset charging current; in response to determining that the charging current value of at least one battery does not reach the preset charging current, select the maximum anode potential and the minimum anode potential from the collected anode voltages of each battery to determine the maximum anode potential Whether the difference between the value and the minimum value of the anode potential is greater than a preset threshold.
  • the maximum value of the anode potential is fed back to the feedback signal input terminal of the first charging unit, so that the output terminal of the first charging unit outputs the anode Maximum potential.
  • the difference between the charging current of each battery and the preset charging current value can also be determined Value; Convert the current difference value into an error signal based on a preset conversion method, and select the smallest value of the error signal; when it is determined that the voltage value requested by the smallest error signal is higher than the anode potential value of each battery, the smallest error
  • the voltage value requested by the signal is provided to the feedback signal input terminal of the first charging unit 211, so that the first charging unit adjusts the output voltage based on the received error signal value.
  • FIG. 13 shows a flow 1300 of a discharging method provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the discharging method is applied to the charging system shown in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the discharging method 1300 includes: step 1301, selecting one of the batteries as the first battery for discharging, using the remaining undischarged batteries as the second battery, and performing the following discharging steps: maintaining the transistors corresponding to the discharge branch of the first battery and the first battery.
  • the switch is in a fully conductive state, the transistor corresponding to the discharge branch of the second battery is kept in a unidirectional conductive state, and each second switch is kept in the off state, and the first battery is discharged.
  • Step 1302 in response to detecting that the potential difference between the anode of the first battery and the anode of one of the second batteries is greater than a preset threshold, control the transistor corresponding to the discharging branch of the battery being discharged to turn off.
  • a battery whose anode potential difference is greater than the preset threshold is used as the second battery, and the discharging step is continued.
  • the above discharging method further includes: in response to detecting that the voltage difference between the at least two batteries is greater than a preset threshold and the charging system has no external power input, or in response to detecting that the charging system When there is external power input and each battery is not in the charging state, the following steps are performed: collect the anode potential of each rechargeable battery based on a preset time interval; respond to the collected anode potential of at least one battery and the output terminal of the charging system When the difference between the potentials of the battery is greater than the preset threshold, and the output potential of the output terminal of the charging system is lower than the anode potential of the battery, the transistor is controlled to turn on to discharge each battery; in response to collecting the anode potential of each battery and The difference between the potentials output by the output terminals of the charging system is less than the preset threshold, and the control transistor is turned off.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1400 may be a portable computer (such as a mobile phone), a notebook computer, a wearable electronic device (such as a smart watch), a tablet computer, an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, or a vehicle-mounted device, etc.
  • the electronic equipment shown in the present application includes the charging system shown in any of the embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6 to 11.
  • the electronic device further includes at least two batteries, and the voltage conversion circuit and the control circuit of the electronic device are respectively connected to the at least two batteries.

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Abstract

一种充电系统和方法,该充电系统包括电压转换电路(01)、控制电路(02)、输入端口(Vin)以及输出端口(Vout),电压转换电路(01)以及控制电路(02)分别连接至M个电池,输入端口(Vin)连接至外部电源,输出端口(Vout)连接至负载(3);其中,控制电路(02)用于对M个电池的连接关系进行切换,以将M个电池中的至少一个电池连接至电压转换电路(01),其中,连接关系包括串联或并联中的至少一种;电压转换电路(01),连接至输入端口(Vin)以及输出端口(Vout),用于通过输入端口(Vin)接收来自外部电源的电能,对至少一个电池进行充电,以及还用于通过输出端口(Vout)向负载(3)供电。通过对电子设备中电池的连接关系进行切换,可以提高电池充放电的灵活性,有利于提高电子设备的续航能力。

Description

充电系统和方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电路技术领域,尤其涉及一种充电系统和方法。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展,电子设备技术也得到了快速的提升。现有的电子设备技术中,为了满足用户使用需求,电子设备通常向体积小、屏幕尺寸大、窄边框、高续航能力以及快速充电的方向发展。
现有技术中,为了提高移动电子设备的工作时长,通常在电子设备的屏幕背板设置多块电池以为电子设备供电。为了减少电子设备中的充电电路数目以满足电子设备小体积的需求,针对多电池的电子设备,通常采用单一的电池连接的方式(例如电池串联连接方式或电池并联连接方式)进行电池充放电。
相关技术中,采用电池并联连接方式对电池充电时,受到充电导线的制约,每一个电池的储能功率受到限制。电池采用串联连接方式放电时,其放电电压通常高于5V,在电池与负载之间需要增加降压模块以满足电子设备的工作电压,这样一来,降压模块中各元器件的工作带来能耗损失,降低了电池供电效率。其次,为了满足用户对电子设备快速充电的需求、匹配各种类型的外部充电适配器,通常需要灵活调整电池的连接方式以提高电池充电速度以及电池充电效率。综上所述,如何对多个电池进行灵活的充放电设置就成为一个问题。
发明内容
本申请提供的充电系统,通过对电子设备中电池的连接关系进行切换,可以提高电池充放电的灵活性,有利于提高电子设备的续航能力。
为达到上述目的,本申请采用如下技术方案:
第一方面,本申请实施例提供一种充电系统:包括电压转换电路、控制电路、输入端口以及输出端口,电压转换电路以及控制电路分别连接至M个电池,M为大于等于2的整数,所述输入端口连接至外部电源,所述输出端口连接至负载;其中,所述控制电路用于对所述M个电池的连接关系进行切换,以将所述M个电池中的至少一个电池连接至所述电压转换电路,其中,所述连接关系包括串联或并联中的至少一种;所述电压转换电路,连接至输入端口以及输出端口,用于通过所述输入端口接收来自外部电源的电能,对所述至少一个电池进行充电,以及还用于通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电。
本申请提供的充电系统,通过对M个电池的连接关系进行切换,使得电池可以通过多种连接方式进行充电,还可以使得电池采用不同的连接方式进行充电和放电;其次,可以使得充电系统适配多种类型的外部充电适配器,提高电池充电速度以及充电效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述控制电路包括M个晶体管、M-1个第一开关以及 M-1个第二开关;所述M个晶体管的第一端连接至所述输出端口,每个晶体管的第二端分别与所述M个电池中一个电池的阳极连接;每个第一开关连接在所述M个电池中的两个电池之间,用于串联所述两个电池;每个第二开关连接在M-1个电池中的一个电池与公共地之间,用于将所述一个电池连接至公共地,以将所述一个电池与所述M个电池中除了M-1个电池外的另一个电池并联。
通过设置与电池相同数目个晶体管,该多个晶体管在控制单元的控制下,可以独立管理各电池所在的支路的电流流向,使得多电池电源系统中,在保障电池额定充放电效率的前提下,不需要各电池对称即可实现各电池的充放电,降低了电源系统中的各电池的工艺复杂度。其次,可以使得在电池充放电过程中,避免各电池之间由于电压差而相互充电,提高充电系统稳定性。
通过设置晶体管、第一开关和第二开关,基于外部电源适配器的型号,可以实现电池的串联充电或者电池的并联充电,使得充电系统可以适配多种充电方式,从而提高充电系统的充电速度。
在一种可能的实现方式中,充电系统还包括:控制单元,用于控制所述M个晶体管的栅极,以及控制所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中每个开关的导通或关断,以对所述M个电池的连接关系进行切换。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中任一开关是晶体管开关,所述控制单元用于通过控制该晶体管开关的栅极以控制该晶体管开关的导通或关断。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述控制单元具体用于通过控制所述M个晶体管中任一晶体管的栅极以控制所述晶体管工作于:单向导通状态、双向导通状态或关断状态。
通过控制晶体管的工作状态,可以对电池进行独立管理,实现电池的独立充电、串联充电、并联充电中的至少一种,以及实现电池的独立放电、并联放电中的至少一种,提高充电系统稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述控制单元还用于采集所述M个电池的工作参数,并基于所述工作参数控制所述M个晶体管的栅极,以及控制所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中每个开关的导通或关断,所述工作参数包括阳极电压或阳极电流中的至少一个。
通过该实现方式,使得电池充放电过程中,基于电池的工作参数对电池的连接关系进行切换,避免各电池之间的相互充电,提高充电系统的稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述控制单元还用于采集所述电压转换电路通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电的输出电压,所述控制单元包括第一比较器,用于比较任一电池的阳极电压与所述输出电压以得到第一比较结果,基于所述第一比较结果控制所述M个晶体管中与所述任一电池对应的晶体管的栅极以控制所述晶体管工作于单向导通状态。
通过设置第一比较器,可以使得在负载耗能过大,导致输出端口的瞬态电流过大,超过输出端口负载能力时,可以控制晶体管单向导通以使电池放电来补充输出端电能,抑制输出端的电位持续下跌,提高充电系统稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述控制单元还包括第二比较器,用于比较所述M个电池中至少一个电池的工作参数与预设的参数以得到第二比较结果,根据第二比较结果控 制所述电压转换电路通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电的电压。
通过设置第二比较器,可以使得电池充电过程中,电压转换电路基于第二比较结果调节输出端口的电压,从而可以使得每一个电池以预设的参数进行充电,提高充电效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电压转换电路包括:用于对所述M个电池中一个电池做充电或对所述M个电池中并联的至少两个电池做充电的第一充电单元、以及用于对所述M个电池中串联的至少两个电池做充电的第二充电单元或第三充电单元。
通过该实现方式,可以使得充电系统适配多种充放电方式,提高电池充放电的灵活性。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供一种电子设备,包括如第一方面任意一种实现方式所述的充电系统以及如第一方面所述的M个电池。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供一种充电方法,所述方法包括:充电系统中的控制电路对连接至所述充电系统的M个电池的连接关系进行切换,以将所述M个电池中的至少一个电池连接至充电系统中的电压转换电路,其中,所述连接关系包括串联或并联中的至少一种,M为大于等于2的整数;所述电压转换电路通过充电系统中的输入端口接收来自外部电源的电能;所述电压转换电路对所述至少一个电池进行充电;以及所述电压转换电路通过充电系统中的输出端口向负载供电。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的充电系统的一个应用场景示意图;
图2是本申请实施例提供的充电系统的一个结构示意图;
图3是本申请实施例提供的控制单元的一个结构示意图;
图4是本申请实施例提供的第一数据分析模块的一个结构示意图;
图5是本申请实施例提供的第二充电模式下的恒流充电阶段的工作原理流程图;
图6是本申请实施例提供的充电系统的又一个结构示意图;
图7是本申请实施例提供的控制单元的又一个结构示意图;
图8是本申请实施例提供的第二数据分析模块的一个内部结构以及与其他单元连接示意图;
图9是本申请实施例提供的第二控制模块的一个内部结构以及与其他单元连接示意图;
图10是本申请实施例提供的充电系统的再一个实施例的结构示意图;
图11是本申请实施例提供的控制单元的再一个结构示意图;
图12是本申请实施例提供的充电方法的一个流程图;
图13是本申请实施例提供的放电方法的一个流程图;
图14是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的一个结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本文所提及的"第一"、"第二"以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,"一个"或者"一"等类似词语也不表示数量限制,而是表示存在至少一个。"连接"或者"相连"等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接,而是可以包括电性的连接,不管是直接的还是间接的,等同于广义上的耦合或联通。
在本文中提及的"模块"通常是指按照逻辑划分的功能性结构,该"模块"可以由纯硬件实现,或者,软硬件的结合实现。在本申请实施中,“和/或”描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。
在本申请实施例中,“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言,使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。在本申请实施例的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是指两个或两个以上。例如,多个处理单元是指两个或两个以上的处理单元;多个系统是指两个或两个以上的系统。
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请中的附图,对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参考图1,其示出了本申请实施例提供的充电系统的一个应用场景示意图。在图1所示的应用场景示意图中,包括供电系统1、充电系统2和负载3。供电系统1与充电系统2的输入端口Vin连接,以为充电系统提供电能。其中,供电系统1可以为有源电路,其通常包括电压源。供电系统1也可以为电网供电传输线和外部电源适配器,充电系统2通过外部电源适配器与电网供电传输线连接,从而,使得电网通过电源适配器向充电系统2供电。充电系统2的输出端口Vout与负载3连接,用于向负载3提供运行所需要的电能。充电系统2也可以叫充放电系统,除了执行充电功能,还能实现放电功能。在执行放电功能时,该充放电系统用于控制电池流向负载3的电能。由于本实施例关注充电功能,因此,着重介绍充电的功能。负载3可以为各种处理器或其他类型的器件,例如图像处理器(GPU),中央处理器(CPU)等。负载3还可以为各种集成电路芯片,该集成电路芯片包括不限于人工智能芯片、图像处理芯片等。在此不做限定。如图1所示,充电系统2包括电压转换电路01和控制电路02。其中,电压转换电路01连接至充电系统2的输入 端口Vin和输出端口Vout。控制电路02与电压转换电路01连接。电压转换电路01和控制电路02均连接至M个电池(图中未示出电池)。M为大于等于2的整数。该M个电池可以串联连接,可以并联连接。控制电路01可以对该M个电池的连接方式进行切换,以使得至少一个电池连接至电压转换电路02,控制电路01可以在控制单元的控制下执行所述切换。电压转换电路02可以通过输出端口Vin接收来自外部的电能,从而对至少一个电池进行充电;电压转换电路02还可以通过输出端口向负载03供电。
下面,结合图2-图11,对图1所示的充电系统2的结构以及工作原理进行详细说明。为了论述的更加清楚完整,图2、图6、图9以及图10所示的实施例中均示出了与电压转换电路01和控制电路02连接的电池。关于图1中的充电系统2,图2示出了本申请实施例提供的充电系统的一种结构示意图。如图2所示,充电系统2包括电压转换电路、控制电路、控制单元23、输入端口Vin和输出端口Vout。其中,电压转换电路包括第一充电单元211,控制电路包括第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2。
充电系统2的输入端口Vin可以为电能传输端口,例如USB端口等。充电系统2的输入端口Vin的一端与第一充电单元211的输入端连接。在供电过程中或者电池充电过程中,充电系统2的输入端口Vin的另一端连接至图1所示的供电系统1。第一充电单元211的输出端连接至充电系统2的输出端口Vout。输出端口Vout与图1所示的负载3连接,供电系统1通过第一充电单元211、输出端口Vout向负载3供电;或者充电系统2中的电池通过输出端口Vout向负载3供电。
作为一种实现方式,第一充电单元211可以为电压变换电路,例如升压-降压(BOOST-BUCK)型变换电路、降压(BUCK)变换电路等。通常,外部输入至充电系统的电能不能直接为负载供电或为电池充电,需要经过第一充电单元211对外部输入的电压信号或电流信号进行调节,转换成可以直接为负载供电或者满足电池充电要求的电压信号或电流信号,以为负载供电或者向电池充电。
在本实施例中,第一晶体管BF1的第一端与第一充电单元211的输出端Vout连接,第一晶体管BF1的第二端与第一电池220的阳极连接,第一晶体管BF1的栅极连接至控制单元23的控制端C1。第二晶体管BF2的第一端与输出端口Vout以及第一晶体管BF1的第一端连接,第二晶体管BF2的第二端与第二电池221的阳极连接,第二晶体管BF2的栅极连接至控制单元23的控制端C2。第一电池220、第二电池221的阴极连接至充电系统的公共地。
具体的,第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2可以为BATFET。晶体管BATFET可以看作特殊类型的晶体管。也即,其基于电压的控制可以工作在导通状态或关断导通状态。以第一晶体管BF1为例,对晶体管的工作原理进行具体阐述。如图2所示,晶体管BF1在控制单元23的控制下开启,也即控制端C1向晶体管BF1施加启动信号(例如晶体管BF1为N沟道晶体管时施加高电平信号、为P沟道晶体管时施加低电平信号)。当晶体管BF1的第一端电位和第二端电位之间的电压差小于预设阈值(该预设阈值通常很小,可以使得第一端电位和第二端电位的电位值近似相等)时,晶体管BF1双向导通。也即是说,此时,晶体管BF1的第一端的电流可以流向第二端,第二端的电流也可以流向第一端。当晶体管BF1的第一端电位和第二端电位之间的电压差大于预设阈值、且晶体管BF1的第一端电位高于第二端电位时,晶体管BF1单向导通,此时,晶体管BF1的第一端电流流向第二 端。当晶体管BF1的第一端电位和第二端电位之间的电压差大于预设阈值、且晶体管BF1的第一端电位低于第二端电位时,晶体管BF1单向导通,此时,晶体管BF1的第二端电流流向第一端。当控制单元C1向晶体管BF1施加关断信号(例如晶体管BF1为N沟道晶体管时施加低电平信号、为P沟道晶体管时施加高电平信号),晶体管BF1关断。
控制单元23可以包括:控制端C1、C2,信号采集端A1、A2、A3、A4,反馈信号输出端Fo,第一使能控制端EN1,第二使能控制端EN2。第一使能控制端EN1为充电使能端。当第一使能控制端EN1接收到使能信号时,充电系统工作在充电状态。第二使能控制端EN2为非充电使能端。也即是说,在该状态下,充电系统可以与外部适配器连接但不对电池充电,或者电池放电。在第一使能控制端EN1输入的使能信号的控制下,控制单元23通过与第一充电单元211、第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2之间相互配合,向第一电池220和第二电池221充电。在第二使能控制端EN2接收到的使能信号的控制下,停止向第一电池220和第二电池221充电。
具体的,如图3所示,图3示出了本申请实施例提供的控制单元23的一个结构示意图。控制单元23还可以包括第一控制模块231、存储模块232和第一数据分析模块233。第一控制模块231通过控制端C1、C2分别与第一晶体管BF1的栅极、第二晶体管BF2的栅极连接,第一控制模块231还可以通过第一使能控制端EN1与外部充电使能控制信号源连接。在这里,第一控制模块231可以包括信号发生器,其可以基于第一数据分析模块233以及外部充电使能控制信号源发送的信号,产生控制信号以控制第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2的工作状态。存储模块232可以用于存储各个电池的充电参数。该充电参数可以包括但不限于预设充电电流值、预设恒流充电电压值等。在这里,存储模块232可以为锁存器。上述充电参数可以为用户基于各电池特性预先写入存储模块232中的。由于电池的功率、电池容量、充放电速度不同,因此,每一个电池均有与其对应的特定充电参数。第一数据分析模块233包括多个第一输入端,其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A1采集第一电池220的充电电流;其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A2采集第二电池221的充电电流;其中一个第一输入端通过上述信号采集端A3与第一电池220的阳极连接,用于采集第一电池220的阳极电压;其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A4与第二电池221的阳极连接,用于采集第二电池221的阳极电压。第一控制模块231的输入端与第一数据分析模块233的控制信号输出端连接,存储模块232的输出端与第一数据分析模块233的第二输入端连接。第一数据分析模块233通过反馈信号输出端Fo与第一充电单元211的反馈信号输入端Fi连接。第一数据分析模块233可以周期性的采集第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压信号以及充电电流信号。然后,第一数据分析模块233基于采集到的第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压信号、充电电流信号以及从所述存储模块获取到的电池的充电参数,向第一控制模块231发送控制第一晶体管BF1以及第二晶体管BF2的工作状态的信号以及向第一充电单元231发送反馈信号。这里,反馈信号用于指示各电池的充电电流与各电池之间的预设充电电流值之间的差异。第一充电单元231可基于反馈信号,对第一充电单元231的输出电压进行调节,使得流过第一电池220以及流过第二电池221的电流均达到各自的预设充电电流值,从而使得第一电池220和第二电池221以预设充电电流值进行充电。值得注意的是,第一控制模块231可以基于控制逻辑对第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2实施独立控制,也可以与第一数据分析模块233配合, 基于第一数据分析模块233发送的信号对第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2实施控制。
在本实施例中,上述第一控制模块231、存储模块232和第一数据分析模块233均集成于控制单元中,使得控制单元通过A1、A2、A3、A4、C1、C2、Fo、EN1、EN2端口与外部电路进行信号交流。在某些应用场景中,用户可以预先将上述各参数写入存储模块232中,然后将存储模块232集成在控制单元中。在一些应用场景中,控制单元232还可以包括数据写入端口(图中未示出)。从而,用户可以通过数据写入端口向存储模块232写入第一电池220、第二电池221的预设充电电流值、恒流充电电压值、恒流充电时长、恒压充电时长等参数。
在本实施例中,充电系统的控制单元23可以包括第一数据分析模块和第二数据分析模块。第一数据分析模块在电池充电过程中使能。第二数据分析模块在电池放电过程中使能。
在这里值得注意的是,上述控制单元的模块划分不仅限于此。例如,第一数据分析模块和第二数据分析模块可以作为一个模块实现。第一数据分析模块、第二数据分析模块和存储模块可以作为一个模块实现。为了便于对控制单元23的工作原理进行更为清楚的描述,将控制单元23逻辑划分为上述各个模块。此外,在一些场景中,上述控制单元还可以通过其他方式(例如PLC,(可编程逻辑控制器,Programmable Logic Controller)等方式)实现。
请继续参看图4,图4示出了本申请提供的第一数据分析模块233的一个结构示意图。结合图2所示的充电系统、图3所示的控制单元23,对第一数据分析模块233的内部结构以及与其他单元模块之间的连接关系进行阐述。在图4中,第一数据分析模块233包括第一误差放大器EA1和第二误差放大器EA2、第一选通器Q1和第二选通器Q2。第一选通器Q1包括多个输入端。第一误差放大器EA1的第一输入端通过控制单元23的信号采集端A1连接至第一电池220的阳极,第一误差放大器EA1的第二输入端与存储模块232的输出端连接,第一误差放大器EA1的输出端连接至第一选通器Q1的其中一个输入端。第二误差放大器EA2的第一输入端通过控制单元23的信号采集端A2连接至第二电池221的阳极,第二误差放大器的EA2的第二输入端与存储模块232的输出端连接,第二误差放大器EA2的输出端连接至第一选通器Q1的另外一个输入端。第二选通器Q2包括多个输入端,第一选通器Q1的输出端与第二选通器Q2的其中一个输入端连接,第二选通器Q2的另外两个输入端分别与控制单元23的信号采集端A3、A4连接。第二选通器Q2的输出端通过反馈信号输出端Fo连接至第一充电单元211的反馈信号输入端Fi。第一选通器Q1用于选通多个输入信号值中最小的信号值;第二选通器Q2用于选通多个输入信号值中最大的信号值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,充电系统可以根据第一充电模式实施对电池充电。该第一充电模式也可以称为电池独立充电模式。在该充电模式下,分时给第一电池BF1和第二电池BF2充电。结合图2-图4,对第一充电模式进行阐述。
第一控制模块231可以控制第一晶体管BF1导通,控制第二晶体管BF2关断。第一充电单元211将外部输入的电能通过第一晶体管BF1提供至第一电池220,以为第一电池220充电。具体的,在恒流充电阶段,第一充电单元211可以调节输出端口Vout的电位,从而使得第一电池220恒流充电。第一数据分析模块233周期性的采集第一电池220的阳 极电压,并将所采集到的阳极电压与从存储模块232获取到的恒流充电电压最大值进行比较,在确定出第一电池220的阳极电位达到恒流充电电压最大值时,由恒流充电阶段转向恒压充电阶段。恒压阶段,电池充电电流逐渐减小,当电流减小到充电截止门限,可以确定第一电池220电量充满,此时控制第一晶体管BF1关断。进一步地,第一控制模块232控制第二晶体管BF2导通。第一充电单元211将外部输入的电能通过第二晶体管BF2提供至第二电池221,以为第二电池221充电。第二电池221的具体充电方式可以参考第一电池220的充电方式,在此不再赘述。待第二电池221的电量充满,可以控制第二晶体管BF2关闭。
在一些可选的实现方式中,上述恒流充电阶段还包括电流检测步骤。需要说明的是,在第一充电模式下,对第一电池BF1充电时,第一选通器Q1选通第一误差放大器EA1提供的误差放大信号;对第二电池BF2充电时,第一选通器Q1选通第二误差放大器EA2提供的误差放大信号;第二选通器Q2可以将第一选通器Q1提供的误差放大信号直接通过反馈信号输出端Fo提供给第一充电单元211的反馈信号输入端Fi。以第一电池220为例进行具体阐述。
第一误差放大器EA1周期性的采集第一电池220的充电电流,将采集到的充电电流与存储模块232存储的第一电池220的预设充电电流值进行比较,确定第一电池220的充电电流是否达到预设充电电流值。在确定出第一电池220的阳极未达到预设充电电流值时,可以将第一电池220的充电电流与预设充电电流值之间的误差信号通过第一选通器Q1、第二选通器Q2提供至第一充电单元211,以使第一充电单元211提高输出端口Vout的电位,从而升高第一电池220的充电电流。当第一误差放大器EA1检测出第一电池220的充电电流达到预设充电电流值时,向第一充电单元211发送保持输出端口Vout的电位的信号。也即是说,此时第一电池220的阳极达到预设充电电流值,以预设充电电流值进行恒流充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中,充电系统可以根据第二充电模式实施对电池充电。该第二充电模式也可以称为并联充电模式。
具体的,第一控制模块231可以控制第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2均导通。第一充电单元211将外部输入的电能通过第一晶体管BF1提供至第一电池220、通过第二晶体管BF2提供至第二电池221,以为第一电池220和第二电池221充电。具体的,在恒流充电阶段,第一充电单元211可以调节输出端Vout的电位,从而使得第一电池220和第二电池221恒流充电。数据分析模块233周期性的采集第一电池220、第二电池221的阳极电压,并确定第一电池220、第二电池221的阳极电压是否达到预设阈值。数据分析模块233在确定出第一电池220、第二电池221的其中一个电池的阳极电压达到预设阈值时,由恒流充电阶段转向恒压充电阶段。在恒压充电阶段,保持第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压不变,此时第一电池220和第二电池221的充电电流逐渐减小。充电系统200中可以预先存储有第一电池220和第二电池221的预设充电截止门限值。当第一数据分析模块233采集到第一电池220和第二电池221的充电电流值达到各自的预设充电截止门限值时,关断与第一电池220连接的第一晶体管BF1以及与第二电池连接的第二晶体管BF2。从而,第一电池220和第二电池221的电量均充满。
基于第二充电模式的充电过程,在一种可能的实现方式中,恒流充电阶段还包括使第 一电池220和第二电池221的充电电流达到预设充电电流值的步骤。如图5所示,图5为本申请实施例提供的第二充电模式下的恒流充电阶段的工作原理流程图。其具体包括以下步骤:步骤S51,初始化第一充电单元211,使得第一充电单元211的输出端Vout的电位高于第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电位。
步骤S52,第一数据分析模块233分别采集第一电池220和第二电池221的充电电流和阳极电压,可以基于接收到的第一电池220和第二电池221的充电电流和阳极电压,执行如下子步骤:步骤S521,将第一电池220的充电电流和预先存储的第一电池220的预设充电电流值进行比较、将第二电池221的充电电流和预先存储的第二电池221的预设充电电流值进行比较,确定第一电池220的充电电流和第二电池221的充电电流是否均达到预设充电电流值。
步骤S522,在确定出至少一个电池的充电电流未达到预设充电电流值时,进一步确定第一电池220的阳极电位与第二电池221的阳极电位之间的差值是否大于预设阈值。步骤S523,在确定出第一电池220的阳极电位与第二电池221的阳极电位之间的差值大于或等于预设阈值,同时确定出第一电池220的阳极电位高于第二电池221的阳极电位时,将第一电池220的阳极电位反馈给第一充电单元211,以使第一充电单元211的输出端输出第一电池220的阳极电位。此时,第一晶体管BF1第一端和第二端的电位相同,晶体管BF1双向导通。第二晶体管BF2第一端的电位高于第二端电位,第二晶体管BF2工作在恒流状态,可以使得第二电池221以预设充电电流值进行恒流充电。
步骤S524,在确定出第一电池220的阳极电位与第二电池221的阳极电位之间的差值小于预设阈值时,第一数据分析模块233还可以进一步确定第一电池220的充电电流与预设充电电流值之间的差值、第二电池221的充电电流与预设充电电流值之间的差值。
值得注意的是,步骤S523和步骤S524为并列的步骤。也即是说,上述第一数据分析模块233基于所确定出的第一电池220的阳极电位与第二电池221的阳极电位之间的差值的大小来决定执行步骤S523或者步骤S524。但是,在某些情况下,例如,当步骤S523执行一段时间后,检测到上述两电池的阳极电位之间的差值小于预设阈值时,可以转为执行步骤S524。
步骤S525,将所确定出的各个电流差值基于预先设定的转换方式转换成误差信号,确定出最小的误差信号。步骤S526,在确定出最小的误差信号请求的电压值均高于第一电池220的阳极电位值、第二电池的阳极电位值时,将最小的误差信号请求的电压值提供至第一充电单元211的反馈信号输入端。
这里,上述误差信号可以包括第一信号和第二信号。第一信号可以为“逻辑0”信号,第二信号可以为“逻辑1”信号。当误差信号为“逻辑0”信号时,说明与该误差信号对应的电池以预设最大电流充电;当误差信号为“逻辑1”信号时,说明与该误差信号对应的电池的充电电流还未达到预设最大充电电流。从而,基于误差信号来判断各电池的充电电流值,以向第一充电单元请求相应的电压值。这样,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2的第一端电压均高于第二端电压,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2均工作于充电状态。从而,在该工作状态下,第一电池220和第二电池221的初始充电电流的分配存在一定的差值。待工作一段时间后,第一电池220和第二电池221的电流均可达到预设充电电流值。
步骤S53,第一数据分析模块233在检测出第一电池220的充电电流和第二电池221 的充电电流均达到预设充电电流值,向第一充电单元211发送电流达到预设充电电流值的信号。直到此时,第一电池220和第二电池221均工作在恒流充电状态。
关于图1所示的充电系统2,请继续参考图6,其示出了本申请实施例提供的又一个充电系统的结构示意图。在图6中,充电系统2包括电压转换电路、控制电路、控制单元23、输入端口Vin和输出端口Vout。其中,电压转换电路包括第一充电单元211,控制电路包括第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2。控制单元23包括第一控制模块231、存储模块232和第一数据分析模块233。其具体的内部结构和具体连接可参考图2-图5对应的描述,在此不再赘述。
如图6所示,与图2所示的充电系统不同的是,控制电路还包括第一开关K1和第二开关K2。第一开关K1的第一端与第二电池220的阴极连接,第一开关K1的第二端与公共地Gnd连接。第二开关K2的第一端与第一电池220的阳极连接,第二端与第二电池221的阴极连接。在图6所示的充电系统中,电压转换电路还可以包括第二充电单元212。第二充电单元212的输入端与充电系统2的输入端口Vin连接,输出端连接至第二电池221的阳极。
从图6中可以看出,第一开关K1和第二开关K2相互配合,使得第一电池220和第二电池221串联或者并联。当第一开关K1闭合、第二开关K2断开时,第一电池220和第二电池221并联。当第一开关K1断开、第二开关K2闭合时,第一电池220和第二电池221串联。
在本实施例中,第一充电单元211可以采用图2所示的实施例中的第一充电模式或者第二充电模式对第一电池220和第二电池221进行充电。此时,第一开关K1闭合,第二开关K2断开。其中,第一充电模式和第二充电模式的具体充电方式可以参考图2实施例的描述,在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中,第二充电单元212与第一充电单元211之间相互配合,使得充电系统可以根据第三充电模式实施对电池充电。该第三充电模式可以称为串联充电模式。下面基于图3所示的控制单元23的内部结构和图6所示的充电系统2的结构,对第三充电模式进行具体阐述。
首先,控制第一开关K1工作在关断状态,控制第二开关K2工作在导通状态。控制第一晶体管BF1工作在单向导通状态、控制第二晶体管BF2关断。此时,第一电池220和第二电池211串联充电。第二充电单元212将从输入端口Vin获取到的电能进行转换后提供至第一电池220和第二电池221。此时,第一晶体管BF1允许电流由电池阳极流向充电系统的输出端Vout。
然后,控制单元23中的第一数据分析模块233周期性的采集第一电池220、第二电池221的阳极电压,基于采集到的阳极电压,并将所采集到的阳极电压与从存储模块232获取到的恒流充电电压最大值进行比较,确定是否存在电池阳极达到恒流充电电压最大值。
在确定出存在电池的阳极电位达到恒流充电电压最大值时,由恒流充电阶段转向恒压充电阶段。此时,第一控制模块231控制第二晶体管BF2关断,保持第一晶体管BF1处于导通状态。第一数据分析模块233向第一充电单元211发送反馈信号,以使得第一电池220恒压充电。第一控制模块231在确定达到第二电池的充电截止门限时,可以确定第一 电池220电量充满,此时第一控制模块231控制第一晶体管BF1关闭。同时,第一控制模块231控制第二晶体管BF2导通,以使得第一电池220恒压充电。第一控制模块231在确定达到第二电池的充电截止门限时,可以确定第二电池221电量充满,可以控制第二晶体管BF2关闭。
在一种可能的实现方式中,上述充电还包括使得第一电池220和第二电池221在恒流充电阶段达到最大充电电流的步骤。
具体的,在串联充电阶段,当第一电池220和第二电池221中的其中一个达到预设充电电流值时,可以由串联充电转向并联充电。也即此时,关闭第二开关K2,开启第一开关K1,使得第一开关处于导通状态,继续采用上述第一充电模式或者第二充电模式对电池实施充电,直到其中一个电池达到预设最大充电电流值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,充电系统可以根据第四充电模式实施对电池充电。该第四充电模式可以称为串联充电模式。在第四充电模式下,第一充电单元211使能。
在第四充电模式下,控制第二晶体管BF2处于全导通状态、控制第一晶体管BF1处于单向导通状态或关断状态。这里,第一晶体管BF1单向导通即为:第一晶体管BF1允许电流由电池阳极流向充电系统的输出端Vout。
控制第一开关K1处于关断状态、第二开关处于导通状态,此时第一充电单元211通过第二晶体管BF2、第二开关K2向第一电池220和第二电池221充电。其中,串联充电模式的具体工作原理可以参考第三充电模式的具体描述,在此不再赘述。
值得注意的是,在三充电模式和第四充电模式时,通过将第一晶体管BF1设置于单向导通状态,可是使得在负载耗能过大以至于超过第一充电单元211的功能时,可以使得电池及时参与供电,从而抑制输出端Vout电压跌落。从图6中可以看出,除了图2所示的充电系统的有益效果外,图6所示实施例通过在充电系统中集成第一充电单元、第二充电单元、第一开关K1和第二开关K2,可以使得充电系统可以基于外部电源适配器的结构来选择充电模式,提高充电系统的充电效率,同时为电池提供有效的保护,避免电池欠充或过充,提高电池利用率。
需要说明的是,第三充电模式和第四充电模式具有相同的工作原理。也即是说,第四充电模式可以看作第三充电模式的替换。其不同的是,第三充电模式是通过第二充电单元向各电池进行串联充电,第四充电模式是通过第一充电单元以及其中一个晶体管向各电池进行串联充电。
继续参看图7,其示出了本申请提供的控制单元23的又一个结构示意图。在图7中,控制单元23包括第一控制模块231、存储模块232、第一数据分析模块233、控制端C1、C2,信号采集端A1、A2、A3、A4,反馈信号输出端Fo、第一使能控制端EN1。其中,各模块、端口的连接关系、具体结构和工作原理可参考图3所示的控制单元23的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
与图3所示的控制单元不同的是,在图7中,控制单元23还包括第二数据分析模块234和第二控制模块235。
第二数据分析模块234包括多个第一输入端,其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A1采集第一电池220的充电电流;其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A2采集第二电 池221的充电电流;其中一个第一输入端通过上述信号采集端A3与第一电池220的阳极连接,用于采集第一电池220的阳极电压;其中一个第一输入端通过信号采集端A4与第二电池221的阳极连接,用于采集第二电池221的阳极电压。第二数据分析模块包括多个输出端,该多个输出端与第一数据分析模块233的第一输入端一一对应连接,用于将采集到的第一电池220、第二电池221的充电电流信号、电压信号提供给第一数据分析模块233。第二数据分析模块234的第二输入端与存储模块232连接。
第二数据分析模块234在电池放电过程中使能。在电池放电过程中,第二数据分析模块234周期性的采集第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压,将采集到的第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压进行比较,在确定出第一电池220和第二电池221的阳极电压之间的压差大于预设阈值(例如200mV)时,向第二控制模块235的第二使能端EN3输出使能信号。
第二控制模块235包括第一使能端、第二使能端和多个输出端。其中,第一使能端通过第二使能控制端EN2与外部非充电使能控制信号源连接。第二使能端EN3与第二数据分析模块234的控制信号输出端连接。第二控制模块235的其中两个输出端分别与控制端C1、C2一一对应连接。第二控制模块235在第二使能控制端EN2输入的使能信号和第二使能端EN3输入的使能信号的共同作用下使能。也即是说,第二控制模块235在充电系统有外部电能输入、且第一电池220和第二电池221均未在充电状态时使能。或者,第一电池220的阳极和第二电池221的阳极之间的电位差值大于预设阈值(例如200mv),并且充电系统无外部电能输入时使能。
第二数据分析模块234的具体结构如图8所示。图8示出了本申请实施例提供的第二数据分析模块234的内部结构以及与其他单元、模块连接示意图。第二数据分析模块234包括差分放大器OP1、第一比较器B1、以及信号变换模块2341。其中,差分放大器OP1的第一输入端通过控制单元23的信号采集端A4与第一电池221的阳极连接,差分放大器OP1的第二输入端通过控制单元23的信号采集端A3与第二电池220的阳极连接。差分放大器OP1的输出端与第一比较器B1的第一输入端连接。第一比较器B1的第二输入端与存储模块232连接。第一比较器B1的输出端与信号变换模块2341的输入端连接,信号变换模块2341的输出端与第二控制模块235的第二使能端EN3连接。在这里,第一比较器B1为迟滞比较器。信号变换模块2341用于将第一比较器B1提供的阶跃信号转换为脉冲信号。
第二控制模块235的具体结构如图9所示,图9示出了本申请实施例提供的第二控制模块235的内部结构以及与其他单元、模块连接示意图。第二控制模块235包括第二比较器B2、第三比较器B3和offset端。其中,第二比较器B2和第三比较器B3可以为迟滞比较器。第二比较器B2的第一输入端与offset端口以及第一晶体管BF1的第一端连接,第二比较器B2的第二输入端与第一晶体管BF1的第二端以及第一电池220的阳极连接,第二比较器B2的输出端通过控制端C1与第一晶体管BF1的栅极连接;第三比较器B3的第一输入端与offset端口以及第二晶体管BF2的第一端连接,第三比较器B3的第二输入端与第二晶体管BF2的第二端以及第二电池221的阳极连接,第三比较器B3的输出端通过控制端C2与第二晶体管BF2的栅极连接。充电系统2的输出端Vout与offset端口连接。offset端为偏置端,其用于提供比较偏置电压,从而可以增强迟滞比较器的效果。具 体的,offset端可以对输出端Vout提供的电压进行偏置设置后,提供至第二比较器B2和第三比较器B3的第一输入端。
基于图7所示的控制单元23、图8所示的第二数据分析模块234以及图9所示的第二控制模块235的结构示意图,下面对第二控制模块235参与工作时的充电系统工作原理进行阐述。当充电系统与外部供电系统保持连接状态、且第一使能控制端EN1未使能时,第二控制模块235在第二使能控制端EN2发送的使能信号的控制下使能。此时,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2处于单向导通状态。外部供电系统通过第一充电单元211向负载供电。第二比较器B2实时监测输出端Vout的电位与第一电池220的阳极电位之差、第三比较器B3实时监测输出端Vout的电位与第二电池221的阳极电位之差。这里,第二比较器B2和第三比较器B3分别独立工作,其工作原理相同。以第二比较器B2为例进行阐述。
具体来说,第二比较器B2将第一输入端输入的电位和第二输入端输入的电位进行比较,在确定输出端Vout的电位和第一电池220的阳极电位之间的差值大于预设阈值、且输出端Vout的电位低于第一电池220的阳极电位时,说明负载耗能过大,使得输出端Vout的瞬态电流过大,超过第一充电单元211的负载能力时,导致输出端Vout的电位持续下降。此时,第二比较器B2控制第一晶体管BF1导通,从而第一电池220通过第一晶体管BF1将电能提供至输出端Vout,有效抑制输出端Vout的电位持续下跌,及时向输出端Vout提供电能。当第二比较器B2在确定出Vout的电位和第一电池220的阳极电位之间的差值小于预设阈值、且输出端Vout的电位低于第一电池220的阳极电位时,说明瞬态负载电流撤销,输出端Vout的电位回升。此时,第二比较器B2控制第一晶体管BF1关断。
当充电系统2与外部供电系统保持断开状态时,也即充电系统无外部电能输入时,第二控制模块235实施对第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2进行单向使能控制。也即是说,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2其中一个工作在单向导通状态。同时,第二控制模块235还可以控制位于较高电压通路的晶体管工作在全导通状态。
充电系统2与外部供电系统保持断开状态时,电池向负载提供电能。第一电池220和第二电池221交替向负载供电。其中一个电池处于放电状态,假设第一电池220处于放电状态。此时,第一晶体管BF1处于全导通状态,即此时电流从第一晶体管BF1的第二端流向第一端,第二晶体管BF2处于关断状态。当第二数据分析模块234检测到第一电池220的阳极电位和第二电池221的阳极电位之间的差值大于预设阈值时,第二数据分析模块234向第二控制模块235的第二使能端EN3发送阶段使能信号,使得第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2工作在单向导通状态。
在第二使能端EN3使能预设时间段后,可以自动停止使能。此时,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2退出单向导通状态。此时,第二晶体管221所在的支路具有较高电压通路。从而,控制第二晶体管221工作在全导通状态,控制第一晶体管220工作在关断状态。此时,完成电池转换放电。
由上可以看出,第二使能端控制第二控制模块235使能的工作过程完成了由第一电池220向第二电池221的交替供电的动态转换。这样一来,可以避免第一晶体管BF1关断、第二晶体管BF2开启的过程中由于晶体管的开关时延导致电压不稳定,使得两电池发生 相互充电的情况,提高了由第一电池220放电转向第二电池221放电的过程中充电系统的稳定性。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一晶体管BF1和第二晶体管BF2可以均工作在单向使能状态。具体的,充电系统2与外部供电系统保持断开状态时,电池向负载提供电能。其中一个电池处于放电状态,假设第一电池220处于放电状态。此时,第一晶体管BF1处于单向导通状态,第二晶体管BF2处于关断状态。第二控制模块235检测到第一电池220与第二电池221之间的阳极电压差值大于预设阈值(例如200mv)、且第二电池220的阳极电压大于第一电池220的阳极电压时,控制第一晶体管BF1关断,控制第二晶体管BF2单向导通。此时,第二电池221处于放电状态。
关于图1所示的充电系统2,请继续参考图10,其示出了本申请实施例提供的充电系统的再一个实施例的结构示意图。
在图10所示的实施例中,充电系统2包括电压转换电路、控制电路、控制单元23、输入端口Vin和输出端口Vout。其中,电压转换电路包括第一充电单元211、第二充电单元212,控制电路包括第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2。与上述各实施例不同的是,本实施例中,控制电路还包括第三晶体管BF3,电压转换电路还包括第三充电单元213。第三晶体管BF3连接在输出端Vout和第三电池222之间。其中,各晶体管的结构以及控制逻辑可参考图2所示的晶体管的相关描述,在此不再赘述。第一充电单元211的具体工作原理以及带来的有益效果可参考图2所述的第一充电单元211的描述,在此不再赘述。第二充电单元212可以是提供两个电池串联充电的充电单元,其具体结构可以参考图8所示的充电系统中第二充电单元212的相关描述,在此不再赘述。第三充电单元213可以是提供三个电池串联充电的充电单元。
在图10所示的充电系统2中,控制单元23的结构如图11所示,其可以包括第一控制模块231、存储模块232、第一数据分析模块233、第二数据分析模块234和第二控制模块235。其内部的具体连接以及个部分的工作原理可参考图8的相关描述,在此不再赘述。与图8所示的控制单元23不同的是,本实施例所示的控制单元包括三个控制端C1、C2、C3,该三个控制端C1、C2、C3分别与第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2和第三晶体管BF3的控制端一一对应连接。控制单元23还包括信号采集端A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6,其中信号采集端A1、A2、A3分别用于采集第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222的充电电流;信号采集端A4、A5、A6分别与第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222的阳极一一对应连接,以采集第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222的阳极电压。第一使能端EN1在充电状态下使能,第二使能端EN2在不充电的状态下使能。
在本实施例中,充电系统可以根据第一充电模式实施对电池充电。该第一充电模式也可以称为电池独立充电模式。在该充电模式下,外部电能通过第一充电单元211向各电池充电。此时,保持第一开关K1_1、K1_2以及第一晶体管BF1导通,保持第二开关K2_1、K2_2以及第二晶体管BF2、第三晶体管BF3关断。向第一电池220充电。待第一电池220充满,关断第一晶体管BF1,控制第二晶体管BF2导通,向第二电池221充电。待第二电池221充满,关断第二晶体管BF2,控制第三晶体管BF3导通,向第三电池222充电。其中,第一充电模式的具体工作原理可参考图2所示的第一充电模式的相关描述,在此不再 赘述。
在本实施例中,充电系统可以根据第二充电模式实施对电池充电。该第二充电模式也可以称为电池并联充电模式。在该充电模式下,外部电能通过第一充电单元211向各电池充电。此时,首先控制第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2、第三晶体管BF3、第一开关K1_1、K1_2导通,控制第二开关K2_1、K2_2关断。第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222恒流充电。待其中一个电池的阳极电压达到恒流充电电压最大值,由恒流充电阶段转向恒压充电阶段,直到所有电池充满。其中,第二充电模式的具体工作原理可参考图2所示的第二充电模式的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中,充电系统可以根据第三充电模式实施对电池充电。该第三充电模式也可以称为两个电池串联充电模式。也即如图10所示的,第一电池220和第二电池221串联充电,第三电池222独立充电。在该充电模式下,外部电能通过第一充电单元211和第二充电单元212向各电池充电。此时,首先控制第一晶体管BF1、第二晶体管BF2、第一开关K1_1、第四开关K2_2关断,控制第三晶体管BF3、第二开关K2_1和第三开关K1_2导通。第一电池220和第二电池221串联充电。第二充电单元212将从输入端口Vin获取到的电能提供至第一电池220和第二电池221。第三电池独立充电,第一充电单元211将从输入端口Vin获取到的电能提供至第三电池222。待第一电池220和第二电池221中的一个电池的阳极电压达到恒流充电电压最大值,第一电池220和第二电池221由串联充电转向并联充电。可以参考第二充电模式的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中,充电系统可以根据第四充电模式实施对电池充电。该第四充电模式也可以称为三个电池串联充电模式。也即如图10所示的,第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222串联充电。在该充电模式下,第一充电单元211和第三充电单元213之间相互配合为电池充电。具体的,首先控制第一晶体管BF1工作在单向导通状态、第二晶体管BF2、第三晶体管BF3、第二开关K2_1、K2_2导通,控制第一开关K1_1、K1_2关断。此时由第三充电单元向第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222恒流充电。待其中一个电池的阳极电压达到充电电压最大值,由串联充电阶段转向并联充电阶段。也即,第一电池220、第二电池221和第三电池222由串联充电转入并联充电。参考第二充电模式的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
基于上述各实施例所示的充电系统,请继续参考图12,其示出了本申请实施例提供的一个充电方法的流程1200,该充电方法应用于上述各实施例所示的充电系统中。该充电方法1200包括:步骤1201,确定充电系统所实施的充电模式。步骤1202,响应于检测到充电系统根据第一充电模式实施对电池充电,保持与第一电池连接的晶体管处于导通状态,保持其余晶体管处于关断状态,向第一电池充电。步骤1203,响应于检测到第一电池的阳极的电位达到预设电位值,关闭与第一电池连接的晶体管,开启与第二电池连接的晶体管,以使与第二电池连接的晶体管处于导通状态,向第二电池充电。
在一些可选的实现方式中,还包括根据第二充电模式实施对电池充电的步骤。具体包括:步骤1204,响应于检测到充电系统根据第二充电模式实施对电池充电,保持各晶体管、各第一开关处于导通状态,保持各第二开关处于关断状态,向各电池充电。步骤1205,响应于检测到其中一个电池的阳极电位达到恒流充电电压最大值,控制第一充电单元从恒流 充电阶段转换到恒压充电阶段。步骤1206,随着各电池充电电流逐渐减小,先后触及充电截止电流门限,确认电池电量充满,控制相应晶体管停止充电,最终所有电池完成充电。
在一些可选的实现方式中,还包括根据第三充电模式实施对电池充电的步骤。具体包括:步骤1207,响应于检测到充电系统根据第三充电模式实施对电池充电,保持各晶体管、各第二开关处于导通状态,保持各第一开关处于关断状态,向各电池充电。步骤1208,响应于检测到其中一个电池的阳极电位达到预设电位值,关闭第二充电单元,关闭各第二开关,开启第一开关,使得各第一开关处于导通状态,所有电池切换到并联状态。步骤1209,采用第一充电模式或第二充电模式,使得各电池以并联充电状态继续充电,直到所有电池电量充满。
在一种可能的实现方式中,充电系统还可以根据第四充电模式实施对电池充电。该第四充电模式也为串联充电模式。该具体充电方法包括:保持第n晶体管处于全导通状态(例如图2所示的第二晶体管BF2、图10所示的第三晶体管BF3),保持其余晶体管处于单向导通或者关断状态,保持各第二开关处于导通状态,保持各第一开关处于关断状态,向各电池充电。也即使时说,此时,第一充电单元使能充电,或者第一充电单元和第二充电单元同时使能充电。响应于检测到其中一个电池的阳极电位达到预设电位值时,关闭与达到预设电位值的电池连接的晶体管,关闭各第二开关,开启第一开关,使得各第一开关处于导通状态,继续采用上述第一充电模式或者第二充电模式对电池实施充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中,上述保持各晶体管、各第一开关处于导通状态,保持各第二开关处于闭合状态,向各电池充电,具体包括:初始化第一充电单元,以使第一充电单元的输出端的电位高于各电池的阳极电位;采集各电池的阳极电压和充电电流,将采集到的充电电流与各电池的预设充电电流值进行比较,确定各电池的充电电流是否达到预设充电电流;响应于确定存在至少一个电池的充电电流值未达到预设充电电流,从所采集到的各电池的阳极电压中,选取阳极电位最大值和阳极电位最小值,确定阳极电位最大值和阳极电位最小值之间的差值是否大于预设阈值。响应于确定阳极电位最大值和阳极电位最小值之间的差值大于预设阈值,将阳极电位最大值反馈给第一充电单元的反馈信号输入端,以使第一充电单元的输出端输出阳极电位最大值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,在确定出阳极电位最大值和阳极电位最小值之间的差值大于预设阈值时,还可以确定各电池的充电电流与预设充电电流值之间的差值;将电流差值基于预设转换方式转换成误差信号,选择出误差信号最小的值;在确定出最小的误差信号所请求的电压值均高于各电池阳极电位值时,将最小的误差信号请求的电压值提供至第一充电单元211的反馈信号输入端,以使第一充电单元基于接收到的误差信号值调节输出电压。
本申请实施例所示的充电方法的具体实现可以参考图2-图11所示的实施例中的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
基于上述各实施例所示的充电系统,请继续参考图13,其示出了本申请实施例提供的一个放电方法的流程1300,该放电方法应用于上述各实施例所示的充电系统中。该放电方法1300包括:步骤1301,选择其中一个电池作为第一电池进行放电,将其余未放电的电 池作为第二电池,执行如下放电步骤:保持第一电池的放电支路对应的晶体管和第一开关处于全导通状态,保持第二电池的放电支路对应的晶体管处于单向导通状态,保持各第二开关处于关断状态,第一电池放电。
步骤1302,响应于检测到第一电池的阳极与第二电池中的一个电池的阳极之间的电位差大于预设阈值,控制正在放电的电池的放电支路对应的晶体管关断,将与第一电池的阳极电位差大于预设阈值的电池作为第二电池,继续执行放电步骤。
在一些可选的实现方式中,上述放电方法还包括:响应于检测到至少两个电池之间的电压差值大于预设阈值、且充电系统无外部电能输入时,或者响应于检测到充电系统有外部电能输入、且各电池均未在充电状态时,执行如下步骤:基于预设时间间隔采集各充电电池的阳极电位;响应于采集到的至少一个电池的阳极电位与充电系统的输出端输出的电位之间的差值大于预设阈值、且充电系统的输出端输出的电位低于电池的阳极电位时,控制晶体管导通,以使各电池放电;响应于采集到各电池的阳极电位与充电系统的输出端输出的电位之间的差值小于预设阈值,控制晶体管关断。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备,如图14所示,图14示出了本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。电子设备1400可以为便携式计算机(如手机)、笔记本电脑、可穿戴电子设备(如智能手表)、平板电脑、增强现实(augmentedreality,AR)、虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)设备或车载设备等。具体的,本申请所示的电子设备包括如图1-图4、图6-图11任意实施例所示的充电系统。电子设备还包括至少两个电池,电子设备的电压转换电路和控制电路分别连接至该至少两个电池。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种充电系统,其特征在于,包括电压转换电路、控制电路、输入端口以及输出端口,所述电压转换电路以及控制电路分别连接至M个电池,M为大于等于2的整数,所述输入端口连接至外部电源,所述输出端口连接至负载;其中,
    所述控制电路用于对所述M个电池的连接关系进行切换,以将所述M个电池中的至少一个电池连接至所述电压转换电路,其中,所述连接关系包括串联或并联中的至少一种;
    所述电压转换电路,连接至输入端口以及输出端口,用于通过所述输入端口接收来自外部电源的电能,对所述至少一个电池进行充电,以及还用于通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电系统,其特征在于,
    所述控制电路包括M个晶体管、M-1个第一开关以及M-1个第二开关;
    所述M个晶体管的第一端连接至所述输出端口,每个晶体管的第二端分别与所述M个电池中一个电池的阳极连接;
    每个第一开关连接在所述M个电池中的两个电池之间,用于串联所述两个电池;
    每个第二开关连接在M-1个电池中的一个电池与公共地之间,用于将所述一个电池连接至公共地,以将所述一个电池与所述M个电池中除了M-1个电池外的另一个电池并联。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电系统,其特征在于,还包括:控制单元,用于控制所述M个晶体管的栅极,以及控制所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中每个开关的导通或关断,以对所述M个电池的连接关系进行切换。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中任一开关是晶体管开关,所述控制单元用于通过控制该晶体管开关的栅极以控制该晶体管开关的导通或关断。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元具体用于通过控制所述M个晶体管中任一晶体管的栅极以控制所述晶体管工作于:单向导通状态、双向导通状态或关断状态。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元还用于采集所述M个电池的工作参数,并基于所述工作参数控制所述M个晶体管的栅极,以及控制所述M-1个第一开关以及所述M-1个第二开关中每个开关的导通或关断,所述工作参数包括阳极电压或阳极电流中的至少一个。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元还用于采集所述电压转换电路通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电的输出电压,所述控制单元包括第一比较器,用于比较任一电池的阳极电压与所述输出电压以得到第一比较结果,基于所述第一比较结果控制所述M个晶体管中与所述任一电池对应的晶体管的栅极以控制所述晶体管工作于单向导通状态。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元还包括第二比较器,用于比较所述M个电池中至少一个电池的工作参数与预设的参数以得到第二比较结果,根据第二比较结果控制所述电压转换电路通过所述输出端口向所述负载供电的电压。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述电压转换电路包括:用于对所述M个电池中一个电池做充电或对所述M个电池中并联的至少两个电池做充电的第一充电单元、以及用于对所述M个电池中串联的至少两个电池做充电的第二充电单元或第三充电单元。
  10. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的充电系统以及所述M个电池。
  11. 一种充电方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    充电系统中的控制电路对连接至所述充电系统的M个电池的连接关系进行切换,以将所述M个电池中的至少一个电池连接至充电系统中的电压转换电路,其中,所述连接关系包括串联或并联中的至少一种,M为大于等于2的整数;
    所述电压转换电路通过充电系统中的输入端口接收来自外部电源的电能;
    所述电压转换电路对所述至少一个电池进行充电;以及
    所述电压转换电路通过充电系统中的输出端口向负载供电。
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