WO2021032127A1 - 一种生活污水的处理系统 - Google Patents

一种生活污水的处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021032127A1
WO2021032127A1 PCT/CN2020/110059 CN2020110059W WO2021032127A1 WO 2021032127 A1 WO2021032127 A1 WO 2021032127A1 CN 2020110059 W CN2020110059 W CN 2020110059W WO 2021032127 A1 WO2021032127 A1 WO 2021032127A1
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Prior art keywords
treatment system
separator
sludge
fluidized bed
cyclone
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PCT/CN2020/110059
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江霞
甘凤丽
刘毅
孙玉萧
汪华林
韩雅芳
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四川大学
华东理工大学
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Priority to US17/627,461 priority Critical patent/US20220259087A1/en
Publication of WO2021032127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021032127A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/123—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using belt or band filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/005—Valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007—Modular design
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a domestic sewage treatment system.
  • the current domestic sewage treatment system of a sewage treatment plant includes a primary treatment system, a secondary treatment system and an advanced treatment system connected in sequence.
  • the primary treatment system consists of coarse grid components, fine grid components, and aeration grit chambers which are connected together in sequence;
  • the secondary treatment system is a biochemical tank and sedimentation tank which are connected in sequence, and the biochemical tank is connected to the aeration grit chamber ,
  • the sedimentation tank is connected with the advanced treatment system;
  • the advanced treatment system is a sedimentation tank and a disinfection tank connected in sequence.
  • the specific treatment process is as follows: the domestic sewage first passes through the coarse grid assembly and the fine grid assembly to remove the coarser floating and suspended matter in the sewage, and then the sewage enters the aeration grit chamber, in the aeration grit chamber The sewage moves forward in a spiral flow to further remove sand particles and part of the organic pollution in the sewage. Then the effluent enters the biochemical tank for secondary treatment.
  • the biochemical tank contains a large number of microorganisms, which can degrade organic matter in the sewage After catabolism, microorganisms can grow and aggregate to form activated sludge.
  • the sewage After treatment, the sewage enters the sedimentation tank to separate the mud and water, thereby completing the primary and secondary treatment of the sewage; the sewage after the primary and secondary treatment It also contains some small suspended solids, colloids, microorganisms, viruses, heavy metals and nitrogen and phosphorus that cause eutrophication, so advanced treatment is needed to meet the sewage discharge standard; the sewage from the secondary treatment system is followed by Enter the sedimentation tank, disinfection tank, in the disinfection tank, after disinfection and sterilization, it can be discharged into the natural water body or reused. The remaining sludge in the sedimentation tank directly enters the sludge treatment system for treatment before being discharged.
  • the surplus sludge in the sedimentation tank because the surface of the sludge microorganisms is coated with many microbial metabolites, which mainly include polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, DNA and humic acid, these substances aggregate on the surface of activated sludge microorganisms to form cells
  • Extracellular polymer wraps the microorganisms inside, blocks the mass transfer between the microorganisms and the water body, affects the microorganisms to degrade organic matter, thereby reducing the activity of activated sludge.
  • the remaining activated sludge in the sedimentation tank directly enters the sludge treatment system for treatment and then is discharged. This treatment will lose part of the activated sludge with high activity, resulting in waste of resources, low resource utilization, and improved The cost of domestic sewage treatment.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a domestic sewage treatment system with simple structure, low cost and high resource utilization rate.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a domestic sewage treatment system, including a primary treatment system, a secondary treatment system, and a sludge treatment system.
  • the secondary treatment system includes a biochemical tank and a sedimentation tank connected in sequence , The biochemical tank is connected to the primary treatment system, the secondary treatment system also includes a second cyclone separator, a power pump, the second cyclone separator includes a second body, a second feed pipe, and a second feed pipe It is arranged on the side of the second vessel body.
  • One side of the second vessel body is provided with a second underflow port, and the other side is provided with a second overflow port.
  • One end of the power pump is connected to the sludge outlet of the sedimentation tank through a pipe.
  • the other end of the power pump is connected with the second feed pipe of the second cyclone separator, the second underflow port is connected with the biochemical tank through the pipe, and the second overflow port is connected with the sludge treatment system through the pipe.
  • the primary treatment system includes a coarse grid assembly and a fine grid assembly that are sequentially connected together, and the primary treatment system also includes a first fluidized bed separator, a collector, a shape coalescer, and an oil storage tank.
  • the fine grid assembly is connected with the first fluidized bed separator, the first fluidized bed separator is connected with the shape coalescer and the collector, and the oil storage tank is connected with the shape coalescer.
  • the first fluidized bed separator includes a shell, a first water inlet, a first water outlet, a separation medium bed, and a discharge distributor.
  • the first water inlet is arranged on the top of the shell, and the first water outlet is arranged At the bottom of the shell, the separation medium bed and the discharge distributor are arranged in the shell, and the separation medium bed is arranged on the discharge distributor.
  • the first fluidized bed separator also includes a gas inlet, a cleaning water inlet, a cyclone three-phase separator, and a gas inlet ,
  • the cleaning water inlet is set at the bottom of the shell, and the gas inlet is provided with a third valve, the cleaning water inlet is provided with a fourth valve, the cyclonic three-phase separator is set in the shell, and the cyclonic three-phase separation
  • the device is located on the top of the housing.
  • the shape coalescer includes a third body, and the third body is provided with a second water inlet, a second water outlet, and a purified oil outlet.
  • the inside of the third body is sequentially provided with a fluid homogenizer, a thick Granulation module, rapid separation module, deep separation module.
  • the secondary treatment system also includes an advanced treatment system, which is connected with the secondary treatment system and the sludge treatment system.
  • the advanced treatment system includes a second fluidized bed separator and a nanofiltration device.
  • the second fluidized bed separator has the same structure as the first fluidized bed separator.
  • the sedimentation tank is connected to the second fluidized bed separator.
  • the nanofiltration device Connect with the second fluidized bed separator.
  • the sludge treatment system includes a sludge storage tank, a belt dehydrator, a hot gas generator, a gas-liquid separator, a plurality of first cyclone separators connected in series in sequence, a sludge storage tank, and a secondary treatment system
  • the belt dehydrator is connected
  • the first cyclone separator includes a first body, a first feed pipe, the first feed pipe is vertically arranged on the side of the first body, and the bottom of the first body is provided with
  • the first underflow port is provided with a first overflow port on the top.
  • the hot gas generator and the belt dehydrator are connected to the first feed pipe of the first cyclone separator which is arranged first.
  • All the first overflow ports are connected with the gas-liquid separator.
  • the sludge treatment system includes two first cyclone separators connected in series, and also includes a sorting column, which is arranged in the first cyclone separator along the sludge flow direction.
  • the underflow port is connected with the feed port of the sorting column, and the discharge port of the sorting column is connected with the first feed pipe of another first cyclone separator.
  • the secondary treatment system includes a second cyclone separator, a power pump, the power pump transports the remaining activated sludge in the sedimentation tank to the second cyclone separator, and the activated sludge is fed from the second
  • the tube enters the second vessel and rotates at high speed in the second vessel.
  • the extracellular polymer coated on the outer surface of the sludge microorganism rotates and rotates in the second cyclone separator.
  • part of the extracellular polymer falls off from the outer surface of the activated sludge. Because of its lighter weight, the shed extracellular polymer is discharged from the second overflow of the second cyclone separator.
  • the remaining activated sludge flows out from the second bottom outflow port of the second cyclone separator and flows back into the biochemical tank.
  • the activity of the activated sludge is increased by at least 15% after being processed by the second cyclone separator, thereby increasing the resources
  • the utilization rate reduces the cost of the entire treatment system, and at the same time improves the degradation efficiency in the biochemical pool, which is conducive to promotion.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the flow structure of the domestic sewage treatment system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fluidized bed separator
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first fluidized bed separator in a cleaning state
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cyclone three-phase separator
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shape coalescer
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the second cyclone separator
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cyclone separator and the sorting column
  • Deep separation module 158 oil storage tank 16, biochemical tank 21, sedimentation tank 22, second cyclone separator 23, second body 231, second feed pipe 232, second underflow port 233, second overflow Orifice 234, power pump 24, second fluidized bed separator 31, nanofiltration device 32, mud storage tank 41, belt dehydrator 42, hot gas generator 43, first cyclone separator 44, first body 441 , The first feed pipe 442, the first underflow port 443, the first overflow port 444, the gas-liquid separator 45, the sorting column 46.
  • a domestic sewage treatment system includes a primary treatment system, a secondary treatment system, and a sludge treatment system.
  • the secondary treatment system includes a biochemical tank 21 and a sedimentation tank 22 connected in sequence.
  • the tank 21 is connected to the primary treatment system.
  • the secondary treatment system also includes a second cyclone separator 23 and a power pump 24.
  • the second cyclone separator 23 includes a second body 231, a second feed pipe 232, and The two feed pipes 232 are vertically arranged on the side of the second body 231.
  • One side of the second body 231 is provided with a second underflow port 233, and the other side is provided with a second overflow port 234, and one end of the power pump 24 passes
  • the pipeline is connected to the sludge outlet of the sedimentation tank 22, the other end of the power pump 24 is connected to the second feed pipe 232 of the second cyclone separator 23, and the second underflow port 233 is connected to the biochemical tank 21 through the pipeline.
  • the second overflow port 234 is connected to the sludge treatment system through a pipeline.
  • the power pump 24 transports the remaining activated sludge in the sedimentation tank 22 to the second cyclone separator 23.
  • the activated sludge enters the second body 231 from the second feed pipe 232, and is Body 231 high-speed rotating field. Under the action of the high-speed rotating field, the extracellular polymer coated on the outer surface of the sludge microorganisms will fall off from the outer surface of the activated sludge under the coupling of continuous phase and dispersed phase rotation and rotation.
  • the shed extracellular polymer is discharged from the second overflow port 234 of the second cyclone separator 23, and the remaining activated sludge is discharged from the second underflow port 233 of the second cyclone separator 23 Go out and return to the biochemical tank 21.
  • the extracellular polymer wrapped on the outer surface of the sludge microorganisms falls off, it promotes the mass transfer between the microorganisms in the degradable sewage and the water body, and the ability of the microorganisms to degrade the organic matter in the sewage is improved, thereby increasing the sedimentation.
  • the activity of the remaining activated sludge in the tank 22 is tested, and after being processed by the cyclone separator, the activity of the activated sludge is increased by at least 15%.
  • the second cyclone separator 23 can not only improve the activity of the activated sludge, but also can optimize the cyclone intensity by adjusting the split ratio of the second cyclone separator 23 to realize the active sludge separation, that is, the higher the activity
  • the activated sludge is screened out, and the sludge with lower activity is screened out and processed in the sludge treatment system, which further improves the activity of the activated sludge returned to the biochemical tank 21 and improves the degradation efficiency in the biochemical tank 21.
  • the present invention avoids the direct waste of the remaining activated sludge in the sedimentation tank 22, improves the utilization rate of resources, reduces the cost of the entire secondary treatment system, and also improves the degradation efficiency in the biochemical tank.
  • the second body 231 is arranged horizontally, the second feed pipe 232 is vertically arranged on the side of the second body 231, and the second underflow port 233 is arranged in the second body 231.
  • the second overflow port 234 is arranged on the right side of the second body 231.
  • a preferred mode of the primary treatment system of the present invention is: as shown in Fig. 1, the primary treatment system includes a coarse grid assembly 11 and a fine grid assembly 12 that are connected together in sequence, and the primary treatment system also includes The first fluidized bed separator 13, the collector 14, the shape coalescer 15, the oil storage tank 16, the fine grid assembly 12 is connected to the first fluidized bed separator 13, and the first fluidized bed separator 13 is connected to the shape coalescer The collector 15 and the collector 14 are connected, and the oil storage tank 16 is connected with the shape coalescer 15.
  • the domestic sewage passes through the coarse grid assembly 11, the fine grid assembly 12, the first fluidized bed separator 13, and the shape coalescer 15 for corresponding treatment.
  • a material conveying device is respectively provided.
  • the specific treatment process of the primary treatment system is as follows: in the treatment of domestic sewage, the sewage treated by the fine grid assembly 12 enters the first fluidized bed separator 13, and the separation medium bed 134 in the first fluidized bed separator 13 removes the sewage The sand, suspended solids and part of the organic matter in the sewage are removed.
  • the sand, suspended solids and part of the organic matter are transported to the collector 14 through the conveying device for storage.
  • the sand, suspended solids and part of the organic matter in the sewage meet the processing requirements and enter the shape coalescer 15.
  • the emulsified oil is demulsified, coalesced and separated in the shape coalescer 15 to remove the emulsified oil in the sewage, and the purified oil enters the oil storage tank 16 through the conveying device for storage. After the emulsified oil in the sewage meets the treatment requirements, So as to complete the primary treatment of domestic sewage.
  • the present invention completes the removal of sand particles and emulsified oil only through the first fluidized bed separator 13 and the shape coalescer 15, which significantly reduces the area and cost of the primary treatment system; the first fluidized bed separator 13 It is also convenient to operate and use, and has a simpler structure. A large amount of odorous gas is not generated during the treatment process, which improves the clean environment. At the same time, a large amount of emulsified oil is removed, which reduces the impact on subsequent sewage treatment and improves the sewage treatment effect.
  • the function of the first fluidized bed separator 13 is to remove sand, suspended solids, and some organic matter in the sewage treated by the fine grid assembly 12, so that the sand in the sewage meets the treatment requirements.
  • the first fluidized bed separator of the present invention 13 A preferred way is: as shown in Figure 2, the first fluidized bed separator 13 includes a housing 131, a first water inlet 132, a first water outlet 133, a separation medium bed 134, and a discharge distributor 135,
  • the first water inlet 132 is arranged at the top of the housing 131
  • the first water outlet 133 is arranged at the bottom of the housing 131
  • the separation medium bed 134 and the discharge distributor 135 are arranged in the housing 131
  • the separation medium bed 134 is a granular separation medium, the granular shape is preferably spherical, the particle size of the separation medium is between 0.1-0.2 mm, and the separation medium bed 134 is one
  • the sewage treated by the fine grid assembly 12 enters the housing 131 from the first water inlet 132, the sewage passes through the separation medium bed 134, the discharge distributor 135, and finally exits the first water outlet 133 to separate the medium bed 134 Intercept and adsorb sand, suspended solids and part of organic matter in sewage, so that the sand, suspended solids and part of organic matter in sewage are gradually reduced until the treatment requirements are met.
  • the discharge distributor 135 includes a partition plate 1351 and a water cap 1352 arranged on the partition plate 1351.
  • the partition plate 1351 is laterally fixed in the housing 131, and the sewage passes through After separating the medium bed 134, it goes out through the water cap 1352.
  • a first valve can also be provided at the first water inlet 132, and a first valve is provided at the first water outlet 133.
  • the second valve, the first fluidized bed separator 13 is also provided with a gas inlet 136, a cleaning water inlet 137, and a cyclone three-phase separator 138.
  • the gas inlet 136 and the cleaning water inlet 137 are all set at the bottom of the shell 131, and the gas A third valve is provided at the inlet 136, a fourth valve is provided at the cleaning water inlet 137, a cyclonic three-phase separator 138 is provided in the housing 131, and a cyclonic three-phase separator 138 is located at the top of the housing 131, such as As shown in Figure 4, the cyclone three-phase separator 138 includes a fourth body 1381, a feed port 1382, a sewage port 1383, and an air outlet 1384.
  • the feed port 1382 is provided at the bottom of the body 1381, and the air outlet 1384 is provided at the second On the top of the four vessel body 1381, the sewage outlet 1383 is provided on the side of the fourth vessel body 1381, the feed inlet 1382 is provided with a fifth valve, the sewage outlet 1383 is provided with a sixth valve, and the air outlet 1384 is provided with a seventh valve.
  • Backwashing specifically includes: closing the first valve and the second valve, opening the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the seventh valve, and passing the cleaning water with a certain pressure through the cleaning water inlet 137 Into the shell 131, and the gas with a certain pressure is passed into the shell 131 from the gas inlet 136, the cleaning water and gas pass through the discharge distributor 135 to make the granular separation medium boil from bottom to top, as shown in Figure 3. As shown, the pollutants adsorbed on the separation medium are separated from the separation medium.
  • the separated separation medium and pollutants enter the fourth body 1381 of the cyclonic three-phase separator 138 from the feed port 1382, and the fourth vessel
  • the particle rotation and revolution coupling are strengthened in the body 1381 to completely separate the separation medium and pollutants.
  • the pollutants are discharged from the sewage outlet 1383 and enter the sludge treatment system for processing.
  • the gas is discharged from the air outlet 1384, and the separated medium returns to the discharge.
  • a separation medium bed 134 is newly formed. After the regeneration of the separated medium bed 134 is completed, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve, the sixth valve, and the seventh valve are closed, and the first valve and the second valve are opened, thereby performing the primary treatment of sewage.
  • the above valves are controlled by a controller.
  • the function of the shape coalescer 15 is to remove the emulsified oil in the sewage, so that the emulsified oil in the sewage meets the treatment requirements.
  • a preferred method of the shape coalescer 15 of the present invention is: as shown in FIG. 5, the shape coalescer 15 It includes a third body 151.
  • the third body 151 is provided with a second water inlet 152, a second water outlet 153, and a purified oil outlet 154.
  • the third body 151 is sequentially provided with a fluid homogenizer 155 and a coarse particle
  • the chemical module 156, the rapid separation module 157, and the deep separation module 158 are sequentially provided with a fluid homogenizer 155 and a coarse particle.
  • the sewage enters the third vessel body 151 through the second water inlet 152, and the flow and velocity are adjusted by the fluid homogenizer 155, and then pass through the coarse particles in turn
  • the demulsification module 156, the rapid separation module 157, and the deep separation module 158 realize oil-water demulsification separation
  • the separated emulsified oil is stored in the oil storage tank 16 through the purified oil outlet 154, and the sewage flows out from the second water outlet 153 into the subsequent deal with.
  • the domestic sewage treatment system of the present invention also includes an advanced treatment system, an advanced treatment system and The secondary treatment system and the sludge treatment system are connected.
  • the advanced treatment system includes sedimentation tanks and disinfection tanks.
  • the treatment method in the sedimentation tanks and disinfection tanks is to add chemicals according to the water quality to achieve the purpose of removing pollutants.
  • the sedimentation tanks are added with coagulants, which are usually selected Aluminum salt, disinfectant is added to the disinfection tank.
  • the disinfectant is usually liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, and chlorine dioxide.
  • the effect of removing pollutants through the agent is not only easily affected by sewage water quality, but the sewage treatment effect is poor. If improper control, it will increase the system. The cost of water, and the large footprint, will also have other adverse effects.
  • the advanced treatment system includes a second fluidized bed separator 31, a nanofiltration device 32, a nanofiltration device 32 and a second fluidized bed separator 31 connected to each other.
  • the second fluidized bed separator 31 and the first fluidized bed separator 13 have the same structure, and the sedimentation tank 22 is connected with the second fluidized bed separator 31.
  • the separation medium bed in the second fluidized bed separator 31 removes the suspended matter and part of the dissolved organic matter in the sewage After removal, the sewage passes through the nanofiltration device 32 to further remove suspended solids, colloids, organic matter, and total nitrogen in the sewage until it reaches the standard for discharge into natural water or reuse.
  • the separation medium bed is a granular separation medium, the granular shape is preferably spherical, the particle size of the separation medium is between 0.1-0.2mm, and the separation medium bed is composed of one or more granular separation media, and its material is sewage Organic or inorganic materials with strong adsorption for pollutants, especially for suspended solids and some dissolved organics in sewage. They can also be anthracite, activated carbon, etc.
  • the second fluidized bed separator 31 is used for a period of time, a lot of pollutants are adsorbed on the surface of the separation medium in the separation medium bed, and the separation medium bed can also be backwashed to realize the regeneration of the separation medium and achieve the repetition of the separation medium.
  • the purpose of use is to reduce costs.
  • the advanced treatment of sewage can be completed only by the second fluidized bed separator 31 and the nanofiltration device 32.
  • the influence of environmental conditions the sewage treatment effect is improved, the structure is simple, the advanced treatment system occupies a small area, the cost is low, the automation is easy, the efficiency is high, and it is good for promotion.
  • the sludge treatment system includes a sludge storage tank 41, a belt dehydrator 42, a hot gas generator 43, a gas-liquid separator 45, and a A first cyclone separator 44 connected in series in sequence.
  • the mud storage tank 41 is connected with the secondary treatment system, the advanced treatment system, and the belt dehydrator 42.
  • the first cyclone separator 44 includes a first body 441 ,
  • the first feed pipe 442, the first feed pipe 442 is vertically arranged on the side of the first body 441, the bottom of the first body 441 is provided with a first underflow port 443, and the top is provided with a first overflow port 444 ,
  • the hot gas generator 43 and the belt dewatering machine 42 are connected to the first feed pipe 442 of the first cyclone separator 44 that is arranged first, and all the first overflow ports 444 are Connect with the gas-liquid separator 45.
  • Both the secondary treatment system and the advanced treatment system will produce a certain amount of sludge.
  • the sludge produced by the secondary treatment system and the advanced treatment system is transported to the mud storage tank 41 through the material conveying device, and the sludge
  • the sludge in the sludge storage tank 41 enters the belt dehydrator 42 for preliminary treatment.
  • the belt dehydrator 42 can remove part of the water content of the sludge, reduce the viscosity of the sludge, and reduce the interaction between water and solid particles
  • the sludge particles are dispersed by the belt dewatering machine 42.
  • the sludge that has been preliminarily treated by the belt dewatering machine 42 enters the first first cyclone separator 44 through the material conveying device for processing.
  • the hot gas generator 43 works The hot gas medium is passed into the first first cyclone separator 44, the hot gas medium can further reduce the viscosity of the sludge, the first cyclone separator 44 works, and under the action of the hot gas medium, the first cyclone A high-speed rotating field is generated in a body 441. Under the action of the high-speed rotating field, the sludge solid particles produce high-speed rotation and revolution motion in the high-speed swirl field. The centrifugal force generated thereby overcomes the capillary resistance of the adsorbed water between the solid particles.
  • the first separation of solid particles and water in the sludge The water and gaseous medium removed from the sludge enter the gas-liquid separator 45 through the first overflow 444 at the top, and are realized in the gas-liquid separator 45
  • the sludge enters the second first cyclone separator 44 from the first underflow port 443 of the first first cyclone separator 44, and the sludge passes through multiple first cyclone separators connected in series.
  • the sludge treatment system of the present invention has a simple structure, relatively low energy consumption, high dehydration efficiency per unit time, reduces the cost of the sludge treatment system, and has a small footprint, simple equipment and easy operation, which is beneficial to popularization.
  • the belt dewatering machine 42 performs preliminary treatment on the sludge, removes part of the water content in the sludge, and reduces the water content of the sludge from 99% to 80% or even lower.
  • the hot gas generating device 43 can generate a hot gas medium. It has been obtained through a lot of practice that the heating temperature of the hot gas medium is 60-90° C., and the hot gas medium can be air, nitrogen, etc.
  • a plurality of first cyclone separators 44 connected in series in turn means: along the sludge flow direction, the first underflow port 443 of the first first cyclone separator 44 is separated from the second first cyclone
  • the first feed pipe 442 of the second first cyclone separator 44 is connected with the first underflow port 443 of the second first cyclone separator 44 and the first feed pipe 442 of the third first cyclone separator 44 is connected in turn.
  • the sludge treatment system only needs two first cyclone separators connected in series. 44.
  • the two first cyclone separators 44 can reduce the moisture content of the sludge to less than 20%.
  • the present invention is also provided with a sorting column 46, along the sludge flow direction, arranged in the first underflow port 443 of the first cyclone separator 44 and the separation column 46 The inlet is connected, and the outlet of the sorting column 46 is connected with the first feeding pipe 442 of another first cyclone separator 44.
  • the sludge After the sludge passes through the first cyclone separator 44, it undergoes non-phase change dehydration and drying, and the water content and volume of the sludge change.
  • the sludge is driven by the hot gas medium into the sorting column 46, and the volume is small.
  • the light sludge with a small amount of moisture in the sorting column 46 continues to be dried in the other first cyclone separator 44 with the hot gas medium, while the bulk sludge still containing more moisture is due to its volume. It is heavier and sinks in the sorting column 46, and the sinking sludge is treated by other methods.
  • the sorting column 46 completes the sorting function of the sludge and ensures the final drying effect of the sludge.

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Abstract

一种生活污水的处理系统，涉及污水处理技术领域，其包括一级处理系统、二级处理系统、污泥处理系统，二级处理系统包括依次连接的生化池(21)、沉淀池(22)，生化池(21)与一级处理系统相连接，二级处理系统还包括第二旋流分离器(23)、动力泵(24)，动力泵(24)一端通过管道与沉淀池(22)的污泥出口相连接，动力泵(24)另一端与第二旋流分离器(23)的第二进料管(232)相连接，第二底流口(233)通过管道与生化池(21)相连接，第二溢流口(234)通过管道与污泥处理系统相连接。通过第二旋流分离器(23)处理后，活性污泥的活性至少提高了15％，从而提高了资源的利用率，降低了整个处理系统的成本，也同时提高了生化池中的降解效率，利于推广。

Description

一种生活污水的处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域，尤其是一种生活污水的处理系统。
背景技术
城镇生活污水由城市管网系统收集并输送至污水处理厂，并在污水处理厂进行处理。目前污水处理厂的生活污水处理系统，其包括依次连接的一级处理系统、二级处理系统与深度处理系统。一级处理系统为依次连接在一起的粗格栅组件、细格栅组件、曝气沉砂池；二级处理系统为依次连接的生化池、沉淀池，生化池与曝气沉砂池相连接，沉淀池与深度处理系统相连接；深度处理系统为依次连接的沉淀池、消毒池。具体的处理过程为：生活污水首先通过粗格栅组件和细格栅组件，将污水中的较粗大漂浮物和悬浮物去除，随后污水进入曝气沉砂池中，在曝气沉砂池中污水以螺旋状流动形式前进，进一步将砂粒物去除，同时将污水中的部分有机污染得以去除，然后出水进入生化池进行二级处理，生化池中含有大量的微生物，微生物将污水中可降解有机物进行分解代谢，微生物得以生长、聚集形成活性污泥，处理后污水再进入沉淀池中使得泥水得以分离，从而完成污水的一级处理、二级处理；经过一级处理、二级处理的污水中还含有一些的微小悬浮物、胶体、微生物、病毒、重金属和导致富营养化的氮磷等物质，所以还需进行深度处理，以便达到污水的排放标准；随后从二级处理系统出来的污水依次进入沉淀池、消毒池，在消毒池中经过消毒杀菌即可排入自然水体或回用，沉淀池中剩余污泥直接进入污泥处理系统中进行处理后外排。
沉淀池中的剩余污泥，由于其污泥微生物表面包裹着许多微生物代谢产物，其中主要包括多糖、蛋白质、脂类、DNA和腐殖酸，这些物质在活性污泥微生物的表面聚集而形成胞外聚合物，胞外聚合物将微生物包裹在内部，阻断微生物与水体的传质，影响微生物降解有机物，从而降低了活性污泥的活性。目前对于沉淀池中的剩余活性污泥直接进入污泥处理系统中进行处理后外排，这样处理会损失部分活性还较高的活性污泥，造成资源的浪费，资源利用率较低，提高了生活污水处理的成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单、成本较低、资源利用率高的生活污水处理系统。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种生活污水的处理系统，包括一级处理系统、二级处理系统、污泥处理系统，二级处理系统包括依次连接的生化池、沉淀池，生化池与一级处理系统相连接，二级处理系统还包括第二旋流分离器、动力泵，第二旋流分离器包括第二器体、第二进料管，第二进料管设置在第二器体的侧部，第二器体的一侧设置有第二底流口，另外一侧设置有第二溢流口，动力泵一端通过管道与沉淀池的污泥出口相连接，动力泵另一端与第二旋流分离器的第二进料管相连接，第二底流口通过管道与生化池相连接，第二溢流口通过管道与污泥处理系统相连接。
进一步的是，一级处理系统包括依次连接在一起的粗格栅组件、细格栅组件，所述一级处理系统还包括第一沸腾床分离器、收集器、形状聚结器、储油罐，细格栅组件与第一沸腾床分离器相连接，第一沸腾床分离器与形状聚结器、收集器相连接，储油罐与形状聚结器相连接。
进一步的是，第一沸腾床分离器包括壳体、第一进水口、第一出水口、分离媒质床层、出料分布器，第一进水口设置在壳体的顶部，第一出水口设置在壳体的底部，分离媒质床层、出料分布器设置在壳体中，且分离媒质床层设置在出料分布器上。
进一步的是，第一进水口处设置有第一阀门，第一出水口处设置有第二阀门，第一沸腾床分离器还包括气体入口、清洗水入口、旋流三相分离器，气体入口、清洗水入口均设置在壳体的底部，且气体入口处设置有第三阀门，清洗水入口处设置有第四阀门，旋流三相分离器设置在壳体中，且旋流三相分离器位于壳体的顶部。
进一步的是，形状聚结器包括第三器体，第三器体上设置有第二进水口、第二出水口、净化油出口，第三器体的内部依次设置有流体均布器、粗粒化模块、快速分离模块、深度分离模块。
进一步的是，还包括深度处理系统，深度处理系统与二级处理系统、污泥处理系统相连接。
进一步的是，深度处理系统包括第二沸腾床分离器、纳滤装置，第二沸腾床分离器与第一沸腾床分离器结构相同，沉淀池与第二沸腾床分离器相连接，纳滤装置与第二沸腾床分离器相连接。
进一步的是，污泥处理系统包括储泥池、带式脱水机、热气发生装置、气液分离器、多个依次串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器，储泥池与二级处理系统、带式脱水机相连接，第一旋流分离器包括第一器体、第一进料管，第一进料管垂直设置在第一器体的侧部，第一器体的底部设置有第一底流口，顶部设置有第一溢流口，沿污泥流动方向，热 气发生装置、带式脱水机均与排在第一个的第一旋流分离器的第一进料管相连接，所有第一溢流口均与气液分离器相连接。
进一步的是，污泥处理系统包括两个串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器，还包括分选柱，沿污泥流动方向，排在第一个的第一旋流分离器的第一底流口与分选柱的进料口相连接，分选柱的出料口与另外一个第一旋流分离器的第一进料管相连接。
本发明的有益效果是：二级处理系统包括第二旋流分离器、动力泵，动力泵将沉淀池中剩余的活性污泥输送至第二旋流分离器，活性污泥从第二进料管进入第二器体中，并在第二器体内高速旋转，污泥微生物外表面包裹的胞外聚合物在高速旋转场作用下，在第二旋流分离器中连续相和分散相自转和自公转耦合作用下，部分胞外聚合物从活性污泥外表面脱落，脱落的胞外聚合物由于重量较轻，从第二旋流分离器的第二溢流口外排出去，其余的活性污泥从第二旋流分离器的第二底流口出去回流至生化池中，由于污泥微生物外表面包裹的部分胞外聚合物脱落，促进可降解污水中的微生物与水体的传质，微生物降解污水中的有机物的能力提高，从而提高了沉淀池中剩余的活性污泥的活性，经过检测，通过第二旋流分离器处理后，活性污泥的活性至少提高了15％，从而提高了资源的利用率，降低了整个处理系统的成本，也同时提高了生化池中的降解效率，利于推广。
附图说明
图1是生活污水处理系统的流程结构示意图；
图2是第一沸腾床分离器的结构示意图；
图3是第一沸腾床分离器清洗状态下的示意图；
图4是旋流三相分离器的结构示意图；
图5是形状聚结器的结构示意图；
图6是第二旋流分离器的结构示意图；
图7是第一旋流分离器和分选柱的结构示意图；
图中零部件、部位及编号：粗格栅组件11、细格栅组件12、第一沸腾床分离器13、壳体131、第一进水口132、第一出水口133、分离媒质床层134、出料分布器135、分隔板1351、水帽1352、气体入口136、清洗水入口137、旋流三相分离器138、第四器体1381、进料口1382、排污口1383、出气口1384、收集器14、形状聚结器15、第三器体151、第二进水口152、第二出水口153、净化油出口154、流体均布器155、粗粒化模块156、快速分离模块157、深度分离模块158、储油罐16、生化池21、沉淀池22、 第二旋流分离器23、第二器体231、第二进料管232、第二底流口233、第二溢流口234、动力泵24、第二沸腾床分离器31、纳滤装置32、储泥池41、带式脱水机42、热气发生装置43、第一旋流分离器44、第一器体441、第一进料管442、第一底流口443、第一溢流口444、气液分离器45、分选柱46。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图6所示，一种生活污水的处理系统，包括一级处理系统、二级处理系统、污泥处理系统，二级处理系统包括依次连接的生化池21、沉淀池22，生化池21与一级处理系统相连接，二级处理系统还包括第二旋流分离器23、动力泵24，第二旋流分离器23包括第二器体231、第二进料管232，第二进料管232垂直设置在第二器体231的侧部，第二器体231的一侧设置有第二底流口233，另外一侧设置有第二溢流口234，动力泵24一端通过管道与沉淀池22的污泥出口相连接，动力泵24另一端与第二旋流分离器23的第二进料管232相连接，第二底流口233通过管道与生化池21相连接，第二溢流口234通过管道与污泥处理系统相连接。
污水处理时，动力泵24将沉淀池22中剩余的活性污泥输送至第二旋流分离器23，活性污泥从第二进料管232进入第二器体231中，并在第二器体231高速旋转场，污泥微生物外表面包裹的胞外聚合物在高速旋转场作用下，在连续相和分散相自转和自公转耦合作用下，部分胞外聚合物从活性污泥外表面脱落，脱落的胞外聚合物由于重量较轻，从第二旋流分离器23的第二溢流口234外排出去，其余的活性污泥从第二旋流分离器23的第二底流口233出去回流至生化池21中，由于污泥微生物外表面包裹的部分胞外聚合物脱落，促进可降解污水中的微生物与水体的传质，微生物降解污水中的有机物的能力提高，从而提高了沉淀池22中剩余的活性污泥的活性，经过检测，通过旋流分离器处理后，活性污泥的活性至少提高了15％。第二旋流分离器23不但能够提高活性污泥的活性，还能通过调整第二旋流分离器23分流比，优化旋流强度，实现污泥活性分选，也即是将活性较高的活性污泥筛选出来，活性较低的污泥筛选出去进入污泥处理系统处理，进一步提高回流至生化池21中活性污泥的活性，提高生化池21中的降解效率。可见，本发明避免了沉淀池22中剩余的活性污泥直接浪费，提高了资源的利用率，降低了整个二级处理系统的成本，也同时提高了生化池中的降解效率。再经过大量试验和实践得出，将第二器体231水平设置，第二进料管232竖向设置在第二器体231的侧部，第二底流口233设置在第二器体231的左侧，第二溢流口234设置在第二器体231的右 侧，这样设置后沉淀池22中剩余的活性污泥通过第二旋流分离器23处理后，活性污泥的活性至少提高了20％。
本发明一级处理系统优选的一种方式为：再如图1所示，一级处理系统包括依次连接在一起的粗格栅组件11、细格栅组件12，所述一级处理系统还包括第一沸腾床分离器13、收集器14、形状聚结器15、储油罐16，细格栅组件12与第一沸腾床分离器13相连接，第一沸腾床分离器13与形状聚结器15、收集器14相连接，储油罐16与形状聚结器15相连接。生活污水处理时，生活污水依次经过粗格栅组件11、细格栅组件12、第一沸腾床分离器13、形状聚结器15进行相应地处理。为了实现污水能够依次通过粗格栅组件11、细格栅组件12、第一沸腾床分离器13、形状聚结器15，粗格栅组件11与细格栅组件12之间、细格栅组件12与第一沸腾床分离器13之间、第一沸腾床分离器13与形状聚结器15之间均分别设置有物料输送装置。一级处理系统具体处理流程为：生活污水处理时，经过细格栅组件12处理后的污水进入第一沸腾床分离器13中，第一沸腾床分离器13中的分离媒质床层134将污水中的砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物去除，砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物通过输送装置输送至收集器14存储，污水中的砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物达到处理要求后进入形状聚结器15，乳化油在形状聚结器15中经过破乳、聚结和分离，将污水中乳化油去除，净化油再通过输送装置进入储油罐16中存储，污水中乳化油达到处理要求后，从而完成生活污水的一级处理。可见，本发明仅通过第一沸腾床分离器13、形状聚结器15就完成了砂粒、乳化油去除处理，显著降低了一级处理系统的占地面积和成本；第一沸腾床分离器13也方便操作使用，结构更简单，处理过程中不会产生大量恶臭气体，提高了清洁环境，同时，大量乳化油得以去除，降低了对后续污水处理的影响，提高污水处理效果。
第一沸腾床分离器13的作用是将通过细格栅组件12处理后的污水中的砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物去除，使污水中的砂粒达到处理要求，本发明第一沸腾床分离器13优选的一种方式为：如图2所示，第一沸腾床分离器13包括壳体131、第一进水口132、第一出水口133、分离媒质床层134、出料分布器135，第一进水口132设置在壳体131的顶部，第一出水口133设置在壳体131的底部，分离媒质床层134、出料分布器135设置在壳体131中，且分离媒质床层134设置在出料分布器135上，分离媒质床层134为颗粒状的分离媒质，颗粒状优选为球形，分离媒质粒径在0.1-0.2mm之间，分离媒质床层134为一种或多种颗粒状分离媒质构成，其材质为对污水中污染物具有较强吸附性的有机或者无机材料，特别是对污水中砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物有较强的吸附 作用，比如石英砂、无烟煤、活性炭等。细格栅组件12处理后的污水从第一进水口132进入壳体131中，污水依次通过分离媒质床层134、出料分布器135，最后从第一出水口133出去，分离媒质床层134对污水中的砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物进行拦截、吸附，使污水中的砂粒、固体悬浮物及部分有机物逐渐降低，直至达到处理的要求。
为了便于安装和使用，再如图2所示，出料分布器135包括分隔板1351以及设置在分隔板1351上的水帽1352，分隔板1351横向固定在壳体131中，污水经过分离媒质床层134后，再通过水帽1352出去。
为了降低污水处理的成本，实现分离媒质床层134中的分离媒质重复使用，提高分离媒质的使用时间，还可在第一进水口132处设置有第一阀门，第一出水口133处设置有第二阀门，第一沸腾床分离器13还设置有气体入口136、清洗水入口137、旋流三相分离器138，气体入口136、清洗水入口137均设置在壳体131的底部，且气体入口136处设置有第三阀门，清洗水入口137处设置有第四阀门，旋流三相分离器138设置在壳体131中，且旋流三相分离器138位于壳体131的顶部，如图4所示，旋流三相分离器138包括第四器体1381、进料口1382、排污口1383、出气口1384，进料口1382设置在器体1381的底部，出气口1384设置在第四器体1381的顶部，排污口1383设置在第四器体1381的侧部，进料口1382处设置有第五阀门，排污口1383设置有第六阀门，出气口1384设置有第七阀门。第一沸腾床分离器13使用一段时间后，分离媒质床层134中的分离媒质表面上吸附了很多的污染物，通过对分离媒质床层134进行反冲洗实现分离媒质的再生，达到分离媒质重复使用的目的。反冲洗具体为：关闭第一阀门、第二阀门，打开第三阀门、第四阀门、第五阀门、第六阀门、第七阀门，将带有一定压力的清洗水液从清洗水入口137通入壳体131中，以及带有一定压力的气体从气体入口136通入壳体131中，清洗水液、气体通过出料分布器135后由下至上使得颗粒状的分离媒质沸腾，如图3所示，使吸附在分离媒质上的污染物与分离媒质分离，分离后的分离媒质、污染物从进料口1382进入旋流三相分离器138的第四器体1381中，在第四器体1381内通过颗粒自转、公转耦合强化，使分离媒质和污染物彻底分开，污染物从排污口1383排放出去进入污泥处理系统进行处理，气体从出气口1384排放出去，分离媒质回流至出料分布器135上，重新形成分离媒质床层134。待分离媒质床层134再生完成后，关闭第三阀门、第四阀门、第五阀门、第六阀门、第七阀门，打开第一阀门、第二阀门，从而进行污水的一级处理。为了便于使用，上述阀门通过控制器进行控制。
形状聚结器15的作用是将污水中的乳化油去除，使污水中乳化油达到处理要求， 本发明形状聚结器15优选的一种方式为：如图5所示，形状聚结器15包括第三器体151，第三器体151上设置有第二进水口152、第二出水口153、净化油出口154，第三器体151的内部依次设置有流体均布器155、粗粒化模块156、快速分离模块157、深度分离模块158，污水处理时，污水通过第二进水口152进入第三器体151中，通过流体均布器155调节流量及流速，然后再依次通过粗粒化模块156、快速分离模块157、深度分离模块158后实现油水破乳分离，分离后的乳化油经净化油出口154后存储在储油罐16中，污水由第二出水口153流出进入后续的处理。
经过一级处理系统、二级处理系统处理后的污水还需要经过处理才能达到外排入自然水体或回用的标准，所以，本发明生活污水的处理系统还包括深度处理系统，深度处理系统与二级处理系统、污泥处理系统相连接。
目前，深度处理系统包括沉淀池、消毒池，在沉淀池、消毒池中的处理方式为根据水质情况投加药剂来达到去除污染物的目的，沉淀池中加入混凝剂，混凝剂通常选用铝盐，消毒池中加入消毒剂，消毒剂通常选用液氯、次氯酸钠、二氧化氯，通过药剂去除污染物的效果不但容易受污水水质影响，污水处理效果较差，若调控不当则会增加制水成本，而且占地面积大，还会产生其他不良影响。本发明深度处理系统优选的一种方式为：再如图2所示，深度处理系统包括连接的第二沸腾床分离器31、纳滤装置32，纳滤装置32与第二沸腾床分离器31相连接，第二沸腾床分离器31与第一沸腾床分离器13结构相同，沉淀池22与第二沸腾床分离器31相连接。生活污水处理时，当通过沉淀池22处理后的污水直接进入第二沸腾床分离器31中，第二沸腾床分离器31中的分离媒质床层将污水中的悬浮物及部分的溶解性有机物去除，随后污水经过纳滤装置32进一步的去除污水中的悬浮物、胶体、有机物、总氮，直至达到外排入自然水体或回用的标准。分离媒质床层为颗粒状的分离媒质，颗粒状优选为球形，分离媒质粒径在0.1-0.2mm之间，分离媒质床层为一种或多种颗粒状分离媒质构成，其材质为对污水中污染物具有较强吸附性的有机或者无机材料，特别是对污水中悬浮物及部分的溶解性有机物有较强的吸附作用，同样可以是无烟煤、活性炭等。第二沸腾床分离器31使用一段时间后，分离媒质床层中的分离媒质的表面上吸附了很多的污染物，也可以对分离媒质床层进行反冲洗实现分离媒质的再生，达到分离媒质重复使用的目的，降低成本。可见，仅通过第二沸腾床分离器31、纳滤装置32就能完成污水处理的深度处理，不再需要修建沉淀池、消毒池，也不需要使用化学药剂及消毒剂，处理效果不易受水质及环境条件的影响，提高了污水的处理效果，结构简单，深度处理系统占地面积小，成本低，易实现自动化， 效率高，利于推广。
本发明污泥处理系统优选的一种方式为：如图1、图7所示，污泥处理系统包括储泥池41、带式脱水机42、热气发生装置43、气液分离器45、多个依次串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器44，储泥池41与二级处理系统、深度处理系统、带式脱水机42相连接，第一旋流分离器44包括第一器体441、第一进料管442，第一进料管442垂直设置在第一器体441的侧部，第一器体441的底部设置有第一底流口443，顶部设置有第一溢流口444，沿污泥流动方向，热气发生装置43、带式脱水机42均与排在第一个的第一旋流分离器44的第一进料管442相连接，所有第一溢流口444均与气液分离器45相连接。
二级处理系统与深度处理系统均会产生一定的污泥，污泥处理时，二级处理系统、深度处理系统产生的污泥通过物料输送装置输送至储泥池41中，通过物料输送装置将储泥池41中污泥进入带式脱水机42中进行初步处理，带式脱水机42能够脱除污泥中部分含水量，降低污泥的黏度，减小水和固体颗粒之间的相互作用力，提高污泥颗粒的分散性；然后将经过带式脱水机42初步处理的污泥通过物料输送装置进入第一个的第一旋流分离器44中进行处理，同时，热气发生装置43工作产生热气体介质通入第一个的第一旋流分离器44中，热气体介质能够进一步降低污泥的黏度，第一旋流分离器44工作，并在热气体介质的作用下，使第一器体441中产生高速旋转场，在高速旋转场作用下，污泥固体颗粒在高速旋流场中产生高速自转、公转运动，由此产生的离心力来克服固体颗粒间吸附水的毛细阻力，污泥中固体颗粒与水的第一次分离，从污泥中脱除的水以及气体介质经过顶部的第一溢流口444进入气液分离器45中，并在气液分离器45中实现气液分离，污泥则从第一个第一旋流分离器44的第一底流口443进入第二个第一旋流分离器44中，污泥经过多个依次串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器44后，实现污泥中的固体颗粒与水的多次分离，从而达到后续处理对污泥含水量的要求；相对于热烘干和热蒸发脱除污泥中水分的方式，本发明的污泥处理系统结构简单，能耗也相对较低，单位时间脱水效率较高，降低了污泥处理系统的成本，而且，占地面积小、设备简单易操作，利于推广。
带式脱水机42对污泥进行初步处理，脱除污泥中部分含水量，使污泥含水率99％降至80％，甚至更低。热气发生装置43能够产生热气体介质，通过大量实践得出，热气体介质加热温度范围为60-90℃，热气体介质可以为空气、氮气等。多个依次串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器44指的是：沿污泥流动方向，第一个第一旋流分离器44的第 一底流口443与第二个第一旋流分离器44的第一进料管442相连接，第二个第一旋流分离器44的第一底流口443与第三个第一旋流分离器44的第一进料管442相连接，依次类推，直至倒数第二个第一旋流分离器44的第一底流口443与最后一个第一旋流分离器44的第一进料管442相连接。通过大量实践得出，当污泥固体颗粒在高速旋流场内自转的转速范围为20000r/min-60000r/min时，污泥处理系统只需两个串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器44，两个第一旋流分离器44就能够使污泥的含水率降低至20％以下。为了进一步降低污泥的含水率，本发明还设置有分选柱46，沿污泥流动方向，排在第一个的第一旋流分离器44的第一底流口443与分选柱46的进料口相连接，分选柱46的出料口与另外一个第一旋流分离器44的第一进料管442相连接。污泥经第一个的第一旋流分离器44后，发生非相变脱水干化，污泥含水率和体积发生改变，污泥经热气体介质带动进入分选柱46中，体积较小的、含少量水分的轻质污泥在分选柱46中继续随热气体介质进入另外一个第一旋流分离器44中干化，而仍含有较多水分的大块污泥，因其体积较重而在分选柱46中下沉，下沉后的污泥由其它方式处理，分选柱46完成对污泥的分选作用，保证最后得到的污泥干化效果。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种生活污水的处理系统，包括一级处理系统、二级处理系统、污泥处理系统，一级处理系统包括依次连接在一起的粗格栅组件(11)、细格栅组件(12)，二级处理系统包括依次连接的生化池(21)、沉淀池(22)，生化池(21)与一级处理系统相连接，其特征在于：所述一级处理系统还包括第一沸腾床分离器(13)、收集器(14)、形状聚结器(15)、储油罐(16)，细格栅组件(12)与第一沸腾床分离器(13)相连接，第一沸腾床分离器(13)与形状聚结器(15)、收集器(14)相连接，储油罐(16)与形状聚结器(15)相连接；
    二级处理系统还包括第二旋流分离器(23)、动力泵(24)，第二旋流分离器(23)包括第二器体(231)、第二进料管(232)，第二进料管(232)设置在第二器体(231)的侧部，第二器体(231)的一侧设置有第二底流口(233)，另外一侧设置有第二溢流口(234)，动力泵(24)一端通过管道与沉淀池(22)的污泥出口相连接，动力泵(24)另一端与第二旋流分离器(23)的第二进料管(232)相连接，第二底流口(233)通过管道与生化池(21)相连接，第二溢流口(234)通过管道与污泥处理系统相连接；
    还包括深度处理系统，深度处理系统与二级处理系统、污泥处理系统相连接，深度处理系统包括第二沸腾床分离器(31)、纳滤装置(32)，第二沸腾床分离器(31)与第一沸腾床分离器(13)结构相同，沉淀池(22)与第二沸腾床分离器(31)相连接，纳滤装置(32)与第二沸腾床分离器(31)相连接；
    污泥处理系统包括储泥池(41)、带式脱水机(42)、热气发生装置(43)、气液分离器(45)、两个依次串联连接在一起的第一旋流分离器(44)，储泥池(41)与二级处理系统、带式脱水机(42)相连接，第一旋流分离器(44)包括第一器体(441)、第一进料管(442)，第一进料管(442)垂直设置在第一器体(441)的侧部，第一器体(441)的底部设置有第一底流口(443)，顶部设置有第一溢流口(444)，沿污泥流动方向，热气发生装置(43)、带式脱水机(42)均与排在第一个的第一旋流分离器(44)的第一进料管(442)相连接，所有第一溢流口(444)均与气液分离器(45)相连接；
    污泥处理系统还包括分选柱(46)，沿污泥流动方向，排在第一个的第一旋流分离器(44)的第一底流口(443)与分选柱(46)的进料口相连接，分选柱(46)的出料口与另外一个第一旋流分离器(44)的第一进料管(442)相连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种生活污水的处理系统，其特征在于：第一沸腾床分离器(13)包括壳体(131)、第一进水口(132)、第一出水口(133)、分离媒质床层(134)、出料分布器(135)，第一进水口(132)设置在壳体(131)的顶部，第一出水口(133)设置在壳体(131)的底部，分离媒质床层(134)、出料分布器(135)设置在壳体(131)中，且分离媒质床层(134)设置在出料分布器(135)上。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种生活污水的处理系统，其特征在于：第一进水口(132)处设置有第一阀门，第一出水口(133)处设置有第二阀门，第一沸腾床分离器(13)还包括气体入口(136)、清洗水入口(137)、旋流三相分离器(138)，气体入口(136)、清洗水入口(137)均设置在壳体(131)的底部，且气体入口(136)处设置有第三阀门，清洗水入口(137)处设置有第四阀门，旋流三相分离器(138)设置在壳体(131)中，且旋流三相分离器(138)位于壳体(131)的顶部。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种生活污水的处理系统，其特征在于：形状聚结器(15)包括第三器体(151)，第三器体(151)上设置有第二进水口(152)、第二出水口(153)、净化油出口(154)，第三器体(151)的内部依次设置有流体均布器(155)、粗粒化模块(156)、快速分离模块(157)、深度分离模块(158)。
PCT/CN2020/110059 2019-08-20 2020-08-19 一种生活污水的处理系统 WO2021032127A1 (zh)

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