WO2021018055A1 - 电池模组、电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

电池模组、电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021018055A1
WO2021018055A1 PCT/CN2020/104635 CN2020104635W WO2021018055A1 WO 2021018055 A1 WO2021018055 A1 WO 2021018055A1 CN 2020104635 W CN2020104635 W CN 2020104635W WO 2021018055 A1 WO2021018055 A1 WO 2021018055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
protection
protection part
module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/104635
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐彧
陈艳波
王鹏
游凯杰
陈兴地
汪用广
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021018055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021018055A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H01M50/273—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/276—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the battery pack is generally installed on the body of the vehicle and includes a battery module, which includes a plurality of batteries arranged in an array.
  • a battery module which includes a plurality of batteries arranged in an array.
  • One technical problem to be solved by this application is to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery module, which includes:
  • the battery module includes a battery array.
  • the battery array includes at least two batteries arranged side by side along a first direction.
  • the end cover of the battery is provided with an explosion-proof valve.
  • the end covers of all the batteries in the battery module face the same direction.
  • the first outer surface and the second outer surface whose directions are opposite to each other, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; and
  • the protection member is used to protect the flame sprayed through the explosion-proof valve, and includes a first protection part, a second protection part and a third protection part, the second protection part and the third protection part are respectively connected to the first protection part
  • the opposite ends in the second direction are both bent in a direction close to the battery module with respect to the first protection part;
  • the first protection part covers the explosion-proof valve of each battery in the battery module
  • a part of the second protection part covers the first outer surface
  • the third protection part abuts against the end cover of the battery corresponding to the second outer surface.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover and an explosion-proof valve.
  • the first protection part includes a first part and a second part connected to the first part, the first part is connected to the second protection part, the second part is connected to the third protection part, and the first part and the second part are
  • the split structure is at least partially overlapped in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the first part is located on a side of the second part close to the battery module.
  • the length of the second protection part is greater than the length of the third protection part.
  • the outer surface of the third guard portion in the second direction, is flush with the second outer surface, or the outer surface of the third guard portion is close to the first outer surface relative to the second outer surface.
  • the second direction is a vertical direction.
  • the first part and the second protection part are an integral structure; and/or, the second part and the third protection part are an integral structure.
  • the battery module further includes a support, and the support is disposed on the first protection part and extends in a direction close to the battery module.
  • the battery module further includes a bus bar, the bus bar electrically connects electrode terminals of adjacent batteries in the battery array, and the support is located between the bus bar and the first protection part.
  • the second protection part is bonded to the first outer surface.
  • the protective member is a mica plate.
  • the battery module includes at least two battery arrays, which are stacked along the second direction.
  • the battery module further includes two end plates, the two end plates are respectively disposed at two ends of the battery array along the first direction, and the protective member is connected to the end plates.
  • the end plate includes a base portion and a connecting portion provided on the base portion, the base portion is connected to the battery array, the connecting portion is connected to the protective member, and there is a gap between the end of the base portion close to the protective member and the protective member. interval.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes a accommodating member with a cavity inside the accommodating member, and the battery pack further includes the battery module as described above, and the battery module is accommodated in the cavity.
  • the battery pack includes at least a pair of battery modules, two battery modules in a pair of battery modules are arranged side by side along a third direction, and two battery modules in a pair of battery modules are The end caps are away from each other, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the third aspect of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes a vehicle body, and further includes the battery pack as described above, the battery pack is arranged on the vehicle body, and the second direction is the height direction of the vehicle body.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exploded schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the battery pack shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the receiving member in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the battery module in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the matching structure of the battery module and the protective member in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the protective member in FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective member shown in Fig. 6.
  • 12a battery array
  • 12c bus bar
  • 12d first outer surface
  • 12e second outer surface
  • 121 battery
  • 121a end cover
  • 121b electrode terminal
  • 121c explosion-proof valve
  • FIGS 1-7 show the battery pack and the battery module provided by one of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery pack 100 is used as a power device of the vehicle, which is arranged on the body of the vehicle to provide electric power to the vehicle.
  • Vehicles may include electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.
  • the battery pack 100 of this embodiment includes a receiving member 2 and a pair of battery modules 1, and the pair of battery modules 1 are all disposed in the receiving member 2.
  • the accommodating member 2 is used for accommodating the battery module 1 to provide protection for the internal battery module 1.
  • the accommodating member 2 has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure with a cavity 2a for accommodating the battery module 1, and one end of the cavity 2a has The opening 2b is convenient for inserting or taking out the battery module 1.
  • the accommodating member 2 may also have a shape other than a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the accommodating member 2 When installed on the vehicle body, the accommodating member 2 is arranged vertically, and its end with the opening 2b is arranged as the top end. At this time, the opening 2b faces upwards. In this case, the opening 2b faces the passengers in the vehicle.
  • a lid can be put on the opening 2b to close the cavity 2a.
  • the lid and the accommodating member 2 can be sealed and matched to provide a sealed space for the battery module 1 in the cavity 2a.
  • the battery module 1 is arranged in the cavity 2a and is a core component of the battery pack 100, and is used to provide electric energy for the vehicle.
  • the structure of the two battery modules 1 may be different, in order to simplify the structure, the two battery modules 1 in this embodiment adopt the same structure. Therefore, only one of them is used as an example for description below.
  • the coordinate axis y is used to indicate the first direction and refers to the arrangement direction of the batteries 121 in the battery array 12a; the coordinate axis z is used to Represents the second direction; the coordinate axis x is used to represent the third direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction y and the second direction z.
  • the first direction y is parallel to the end cap 121a of the battery 121, which is the first horizontal direction and also the length direction of the battery pack 100;
  • the second direction z is along the vertical direction (or It is called the height direction of the vehicle body), which is also the height direction of the battery pack 100;
  • the third direction x is perpendicular to the end cover 121a, which is the second horizontal direction, and is also the width direction of the battery pack 100.
  • the battery module 1 includes a battery module 12, a protective member 11, a support 13 and the like.
  • the battery module 12 is used to generate and output electric energy, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, which includes a battery array 12 a, an end plate 122 and a bus bar 12 c.
  • the battery module 12 may include one battery array 12a or at least two battery arrays 12a, and the battery array 12a may include at least two batteries 121 arranged side by side along the first direction y.
  • the number of battery arrays 12a in the battery module 12 is two, and the number of batteries 121 in the battery array 12a is multiple as an example, but this does not constitute a comparison between the number of battery arrays 12a and the number of batteries 121 in the battery array 12a. Specific restrictions.
  • the battery 121 has an end cover 121a.
  • the end cover 121a is provided with an electrode terminal 121b, an explosion-proof valve 121c, and the like.
  • the end cover 121a is provided with two electrode terminals 121b, and the two electrode terminals 121b are respectively used as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal for electrically connecting with the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the battery 121, respectively.
  • the explosion-proof valve 121c is generally arranged between the two electrode terminals 121b, and is used to discharge airflow and flames when the battery 121 is thermally out of control, thereby playing a role of safety protection.
  • the parts provided on the end cover 121a such as the end cover 121a, the electrode terminal 121b, and the explosion-proof valve 121c, may be collectively referred to as an end cover assembly.
  • each battery 121 in the battery array 12a is along the first direction y (in this embodiment
  • the middle is the first horizontal direction) arranged side by side
  • the end caps 121a of all the batteries 121 in the battery module 12 face the same, that is, in one battery module 12, not only the end caps 121a of each battery 121 in each battery array 12a face the same
  • the end cap 121a of each battery 121 in the different battery arrays 12a also faces the same.
  • the battery module 12 has a first outer surface 12d (that is, an upper surface) and a second outer surface 12e (that is, a lower surface) that are located at the outermost side in the second direction z and are opposite to each other.
  • first outer surface 12d that is, an upper surface
  • second outer surface 12e that is, a lower surface
  • the battery 121 is in the shape of a flat hexahedron
  • the battery arrays 12a are stacked along the second direction z, which means that the battery arrays 12a are stacked with each other in a flat surface contacting manner.
  • the first The outer surface 12d and the second outer surface 12e also correspond to the flat surfaces of the battery 121 located on the outermost side in the second direction z.
  • the flat surface is the surface of the battery 121 that is adjacent to the end cover 121a and has the largest area.
  • the battery module 12 includes 6 batteries 121 in 2 rows and 3 columns, and each battery 121 is no longer arranged vertically, but arranged horizontally, so that the battery module 12 is laid flat.
  • the end cover 121a of each battery 121 in 12 and the electrode terminal 121b and explosion-proof valve 121c provided on the end cover 121a are no longer facing upwards, but in the horizontal direction (that is, toward or away from the cavity 2a adjacent to the opening 2b Side wall), because this makes the thermal runaway products (air flow and flames when thermal runaway occurs) no longer spray directly in the vertical direction, but first in the horizontal direction. Therefore, it is helpful to reduce the thermal shock to passengers. harm.
  • the batteries 121 in the battery module 12 can be connected together by gluing.
  • two end plates 122 are respectively disposed at two ends of the battery array 12a along the first direction y. Based on this, the two end plates 122 can clamp the battery array 12a in the middle to limit the displacement of the battery array 12a, and the two end plates 122 can also resist the unavoidable expansion force of the battery array 12a during charging and discharging. , Reducing the expansion and deformation of the battery array 12a during the charging and discharging process.
  • the bus bar 12c (also called Busbar or electrical connection piece) is used to electrically connect the electrode terminals 121b of each battery 121 in the battery array 12a, so as to electrically connect each battery 121 in the battery array 12a to realize the connection of each battery 121 in the battery array 12a.
  • the battery module 12 may include a plurality of bus bars 12c, and each bus bar 12c may be electrically connected to adjacent batteries 121c in the battery array 12a.
  • the protective member 11 is used to protect flames and the like sprayed through the explosion-proof valve 121c, and it can be made of high-temperature resistant and insulating materials, so that the protective member 11 can ensure the insulation between the battery module 12 and the accommodating member 2. Avoid unnecessary short circuit risks, and make the protective member 11 have high-temperature fire resistance, which can play a role in fire prevention without melting during the process of protecting thermal runaway products.
  • the protective member 11 is a mica plate, that is, the protective member 11 is made of mica plate material to meet high temperature resistance and insulation requirements.
  • the protection member 11 includes a first protection portion 111, a second protection portion 112, and a third protection portion 113, and the second protection portion 112 and the third protection portion 113 are respectively The two opposite ends of the first shielding portion 111 are connected to the second direction z and are bent toward the battery module 12 relative to the first shielding portion 111. That is, the protection member 11 is U-shaped as a whole, the first protection part 111 forms a U-shaped horizontal part, the second protection part 112 and the third protection part 113 form two U-shaped vertical parts, and the second protection part 112 The length of is greater than the length of the third protection portion 113, that is, the two U-shaped vertical portions have different lengths.
  • the length of the second protection portion 112 and the length of the third protection portion 113 respectively refer to the size of the second protection portion 112 and the third protection portion 113 extending outward relative to the first protection portion 111, which are shown in FIG. Labeled as l1 and l2 respectively.
  • the protective member 11 is disposed on the side of the battery module 12 where the end cap assembly is provided, and the first protective portion 111 covers the explosion-proof valve 121c of each battery 121 in the battery module 12, and the second protective portion 112 A part of the first outer surface 12d is covered, the third protective portion 113 abuts on the end cover 121a of the battery 121 corresponding to the second outer surface 12e, and in the second direction z, the third protective portion 113 The surface (in FIG.
  • the end plate 122 may be connected.
  • the first protection part 111 is connected to the end plate 122 through the rivet 14 so that the first protection part 111 may be connected to the battery array 12 a through the end plate 122.
  • the second protection portion 112 covers the first outer surface 12d. As shown in FIG. 5, this part of the second protection portion 112 may partially cover the first outer surface 12d. According to actual needs, the second protection The portion of the portion 112 may also completely cover the first outer surface 12d, as long as the portion of the second protection portion 112 at least partially covers the first outer surface 12d.
  • the protective member 11 is combined with the battery module 12 through the second protective portion 112 and the third protective portion 113 at the same time, compared with the protective member 11 only passing through the second protective portion 112 and the third protective portion 113 In the case of combining with the battery module 12, the bonding strength between the protective member 11 and the battery module 12 of this embodiment is higher, and the cooperation relationship between the two is more stable, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the battery pack 100 Sex.
  • the shielding member 11 can control the direction and range of heat diffusion. Not only under the action of the first shielding part 111, the airflow and flames ejected from the explosion-proof valve 121c when the heat is out of control are in the horizontal direction (specifically The spreading range in the third direction x) is controlled, and, under the combined action of the first protection part 111, the second protection part 112 and the third protection part 113, the airflow ejected from the explosion-proof valve 121c when the heat is out of control And the flame spread in the vertical direction is also controlled, especially under the action of the second protection part 112 and the third protection part 113, it is difficult for the thermal runaway products to be sprayed above the first outer surface 12d or the second outer surface 12e.
  • this can not only reduce damage to the first outer surface 12d, the lid above the first outer surface 12d, the second outer surface 12e, and the bottom plate of the container 2 below the second outer surface 12e by the thermal runaway products, It can also effectively prevent thermal shock from damaging passengers above the battery pack 100, which is beneficial to improve the safety of the battery pack 100 in use and improve the safety performance of the vehicle.
  • the third protection portion 113 is configured to be shorter than the second protection portion 112, and is arranged between the third protection portion 113 and the battery module 12 such that the third protection portion 113 only abuts against the end of the battery 121 located on the lowermost side of the battery module 12.
  • the cover 121a does not extend below the second outer surface 12e.
  • the advantage is that: on the one hand, the end of the battery module 12 with the end cover assembly will not be lifted and tilted by the third protection portion 113, and the battery module 12 remains It can be in contact with the accommodating member 2 through the entire second outer surface 12e, so that it can be more stably disposed in the accommodating member 2; on the other hand, the third protection portion 113 does not need to occupy vertical space, which can reduce the battery
  • the thickness of the battery pack 100 is conducive to the miniaturization of the battery pack 100 and increase the energy density of the battery pack 100; on the other hand, the third protection portion 113 does not need to bear the gravity of the battery module 12, and therefore, the protection member 11 can be improved
  • the stressed state improves the use reliability of the protective member 11, and at the same time, can also reduce the strength requirements of the protective member 11.
  • the end cap 121a abutted by the third protective portion 113 can support the protective member 11, So that the first protective part 111 will not stick to the side surface of the battery module 12 where the end cover assembly is provided, but there is a gap between the first protection part 111 and the side surface of the battery module 12 where the end cover assembly is provided, resulting in out-of-control heating
  • the channel through which the product flows may be called the exhaust channel P) facilitates the discharge of thermal runaway products under the condition of controlling the diffusion direction and diffusion range, and avoids safety problems caused by the difficulty or even failure of the thermal runaway products to be discharged.
  • the battery module 1 further includes a support 13 which is disposed on the first protection portion 111 and faces toward It extends in a direction close to the battery module 12.
  • the supporting member 13 is disposed on the first protection portion 111 by bonding or the like, and is located between the bus bar 12c and the first protection portion 111.
  • the support 13 can support the protective member 11 to a certain extent when the battery module 1 is squeezed, so that the gap between the first protective portion 111 and the side surface of the battery module 12 on which the end cap assembly is provided The gap will not become too small or even disappear due to external effects such as squeezing, so that the exhaust channel P can be kept unobstructed, the thermal runaway products can be guided more reliably, and the smoothness of the thermal runaway products can be improved.
  • the supporting member 13 provided can withstand loads such as external impacts, it can also play a buffering role, reduce damage to the battery module 12 due to external impacts, and make the battery module 12 more uniform.
  • the supporting member 13 may extend in a direction close to the battery module 12 to contact with the battery module 12 or not.
  • the support 13 extends toward the battery module 12 to come into contact with the battery module 12, the support 13 is directly supported between the protective member 11 and the battery module 12, which is more conducive to maintaining the smoothness of the exhaust passage P.
  • the support 13 extends in the direction close to the battery module 12 and does not contact the battery module 12, the support 13 can still be displaced when the battery module 1 is squeezed and become in contact with the battery module 12, thereby causing To support.
  • the supporting member 13 may be a silicone member, such as a silicone nail, which can enhance the cushioning effect of the supporting member 13 on the one hand, and can also prevent the supporting member 13 from scratching the battery module 12 on the other hand.
  • this embodiment also has an exhaust port between the end plate 122 and the protective member 11.
  • the end plate 122 includes a base portion 122a and a connecting portion 122b disposed on the base portion 122a.
  • the base portion 122a is connected to the battery array 12a, and the connecting portion 122b is connected to the shield
  • the member 11 is connected, and the end of the base portion 122a close to the protective member 11 is away from the protective member 11 relative to the end of the connecting portion 122b connected to the protective member 11, which makes the end of the base portion 122a close to the protective member 11 and the protective member 11
  • the first protection portion 111 is not an integral structure, but a split structure.
  • the first protection portion 111 of this embodiment includes a first portion 111a and a second portion 111b connected to the first portion 111a, the first portion 111a is connected to the second protection portion 112, and the second portion 111b is connected to the third protection part 113.
  • the first protective part 111 is formed by splicing the first part 111a and the second part 111b, that is, the first part 111a and the second part 111b are split structures, which are more suitable for mica than the integrated structure.
  • the relatively brittle material of the board is also conducive to reducing the difficulty of production and processing of the protective member 11.
  • the first part 111a and the second protection portion 112 are constructed as an integral structure, so that the two cooperate to form an L-shaped first splicing plate 11a; at the same time, the second part 111b
  • the third protection part 113 is constructed as an integral structure, so that the two cooperate to form an L-shaped second splicing plate 11b.
  • the protective member 11 is actually formed by splicing two L-shaped splicing plates (that is, the first splicing plate 11a and the second splicing plate 11b), and it is difficult to directly process the two vertical parts due to the brittle mica plate.
  • U-shaped structures with different lengths can be easily processed into L-shaped structures. Therefore, setting the protective member 11 to be spliced by two L-shaped splicing plates can meet the structural characteristics of the protective member 11, The processing difficulty of the protective member 11 is reduced, and the scrap rate of the protective member 11 is reduced.
  • the first part 111a and the second part 111b can be connected by fasteners such as rivets 14, or they can be bonded together by structural glue or the like. Both the fastener connection method and the adhesive connection method can be used at the same time.
  • the first part 111a and the second part 111b are not aligned up and down, but in the second direction. z, the lower end of the first part 111a extends below the upper end of the second part 111b, that is, the end of the first part 111a away from the second protection part 112 is closer to the third part than the end of the second part 111b away from the third protection part 113
  • the protective portion 113 makes the two at least partially overlap in the third direction x and overlap each other. Specifically, in this embodiment, the two overlap only partially, and when overlapping, the first part 111a is located close to the second part 111b One side of the electric battery module 12, in other words, the first part 111a is located inside the second part 111b.
  • the protective member 11 can be positioned in the accommodating part of the battery module 1 2 and in the height direction of the structural components located in the upper middle of the battery module 12 (for example, the module pressing plate that is pressed above the battery module 12, etc.) form a shelter to facilitate the installation and fixation of these structural components; on the other hand, it can also reduce the row The flow area of the upper half of the air passage P and increase the flow area of the lower half of the exhaust passage P, because this can guide the thermal runaway products to flow down more and faster, and less and slower Flow upward, therefore, while ensuring the smooth discharge of thermal runaway products, it can further reduce the impact of thermal runaway on passengers located above, and improve the safety and reliability of the battery pack 100.
  • the battery module 12 is laid flat in the accommodating member 2, and a U-shaped protective member 11 with two vertical portions with different lengths is arranged on the side of the battery module 12 where the end cover assembly is provided. , Can effectively improve the thermal shock resistance of the battery pack 100, improve the safety and working reliability of the battery pack 100, and reduce the threat of battery thermal runaway to the life safety of passengers.
  • the battery pack 100 includes a pair of battery modules 1 in this embodiment.
  • the two battery modules 1 are arranged side by side along the third direction indicated by the coordinate axis x, they are not They are arranged face to face, but are arranged in different directions, so that the end caps 121a of the two face away from each other.
  • This configuration can prevent the two battery modules 1 from interacting with each other, and avoid the thermal runaway of one battery module 1 when the other battery module 1 also thermal runaway. Therefore, the safety and operation of the battery pack 100 can be further improved. reliability.
  • the number of pairs of battery modules 1 in the battery pack 100 is not limited to one pair, and may also be two or more pairs.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, a battery pack with the battery module, and a car with the battery pack.
  • the second protective portion and the third protective portion are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first protective portion along the second direction and are opposite to the first protective portion.
  • the second outer surface of the module opposite to the first outer surface corresponds to the end cover of the battery. Therefore, the protective member can protect the airflow and flames ejected during thermal runaway, and control the range of thermal diffusion during thermal runaway. Control, therefore, can effectively improve the safety of the battery module.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池模组、电池包和车辆。本申请所提供的电池模组，包括电池模块和防护构件，电池模块包括沿第一方向并排布置的至少两个电池并具有沿第二方向彼此相对的第一外表面和第二外表面，防护构件则呈两条竖部长度不同的U字型，其中作为U字横部的第一防护部覆盖电池模块中各电池的端盖，作为U字较长竖部的第二防护部的部分覆盖第一表面，而作为U字较短竖部的第三防护部则抵靠于第二表面对应的电池的端盖上。

Description

电池模组、电池包和车辆
本申请要求于2019年07月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201921187693.4、申请名称为“电池模组、电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池模组、电池包和车辆。
背景技术
为了减少汽油等对环境的污染，电池被广泛应用于车辆中，以为车辆提供电力驱动，在这种情况下，电池的安全问题愈显重要，尤其，如何减少电池发生热失控时对车辆中乘客所造成的危害，至关重要。
为了满足车辆较高的动力需求，一般以电池包作为车辆的电力来源。电池包一般被设置于车辆的车体上，并包括电池模块，电池模块包括呈阵列布置的多个电池。在一些情形下，电池发生热失控时，电池释放的热气流及火焰等向上喷发，将直接威胁乘客的生命安全。
发明内容
本申请所要解决的一个技术问题是：提高电池的使用安全性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请第一方面提供了一种电池模组，其包括：
电池模块，包括电池阵列，电池阵列包括沿着第一方向并排布置的至少两个电池，电池的端盖上设有防爆阀，电池模块中所有电池的端盖朝向相同，电池模块具有沿第二方向彼此相对的第一外表面和第二外表面，第二方向垂直于第一方向；和
防护构件，用于对经由防爆阀喷出的火焰进行防护，并包括第一防护部、第二防护部和第三防护部，第二防护部和第三防护部分别连接于第一防护部的沿第二方向相对的两端并均相对于第一防护部朝着靠近 电池模块的方向弯折；
其中，第一防护部覆盖电池模块中各电池的防爆阀，第二防护部的一部分覆盖于第一外表面，第三防护部抵靠于与第二外表面对应的电池的端盖。
在一些实施例中，第一防护部与电池模块的设有端盖组件的一侧表面之间具有空隙，形成排气通道；端盖组件包括端盖和防爆阀。
在一些实施例中，第一防护部包括第一部分和与第一部分连接的第二部分，第一部分与第二防护部连接，第二部分与第三防护部连接，且第一部分和第二部分为分体式结构且在第三方向上至少部分地重叠，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
在一些实施例中，第一部分位于第二部分的靠近电池模块的一侧。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部的长度大于第三防护部的长度。
在一些实施例中，在第二方向上，第三防护部的外表面与第二外表面平齐，或者，第三防护部的外表面相对于第二外表面靠近第一外表面。
在一些实施例中，第二方向为竖直方向。在一些实施例中，第一部分与第二防护部为一体结构；和/或，第二部分与第三防护部为一体结构。
在一些实施例中，电池模组还包括支撑件，支撑件设置于第一防护部上并朝靠近电池模块的方向延伸。
在一些实施例中，电池模块还包括汇流条，汇流条电连接电池阵列中相邻电池的电极端子，支撑件位于汇流条与第一防护部之间。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部与第一外表面粘接。
在一些实施例中，防护构件为云母板件。
在一些实施例中，电池模块包括至少两个电池阵列，这至少两个电池阵列沿着第二方向叠放。
在一些实施例中，电池模块还包括两个端板，两个端板分别设置于电池阵列的沿第一方向的两端，且防护构件连接于端板。
在一些实施例中，端板包括基体部和设置于基体部上的连接部，基体部与电池阵列连接，连接部与防护构件连接，且基体部的靠近防护构件的一端与防护构件之间存在间隔。
本申请第二方面还提供了一种电池包，其包括容置件，容置件内部具有腔室，且电池包还包括如上所述的电池模组，电池模组容置于腔室中。
在一些实施例中，电池包包括至少一对电池模组，一对电池模组中的两个电池模组沿着第三方向并排布置，且一对电池模组中的两个电池模组的端盖彼此背离，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
本申请第三方面还提供了一种车辆，其包括车体，且其还包括如上所述的电池包，电池包设置于车体上，第二方向为车体的高度方向。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出本申请一实施例电池包的剖切结构示意图。
图2示出图1所示电池包的部分结构的爆炸示意图。
图3示出图2中容置件的立体结构示意图。
图4示出图2中电池模组的立体结构示意图。
图5示出图4中电池模块与防护构件等的配合结构示意图。
与6示出图5中防护构件的立体结构示意图。
图7示出图6所示防护构件的剖切示意图。
图中：
100、电池包；
1、电池模组；
11、防护构件；
111、第一防护部；112、第二防护部；113、第三防护部；11a、第一拼接板；11b、第二拼接板；111a、第一部分；111b、第二部分；
12、电池模块；
12a、电池阵列；12c、汇流条；12d、第一外表面；12e、第二外表面；121、电池；
121a、端盖；121b、电极端子；121c、防爆阀；
122、端板；
122a、基体部；122b、连接部；
13、支撑件；
14、铆钉；
2、容置件；
2a、腔室；2b、开口。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有开展创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
图1-7示出了本申请其中一实施例提供的电池包及其电池模组。
在该实施例中，电池包100用作车辆的动力装置，其设置在车辆的车体上，用于为车辆提供电动动力。车辆可以包括电动汽车或混合动力 车等。
如图1所示，该实施例的电池包100包括容置件2和一对电池模组1，这一对电池模组1均设置在容置件2中。
其中，容置件2用于容置电池模组1，为内部的电池模组1提供保护。如图2和图3所示，在该实施例中，容置件2呈中空的长方体结构，其内部具有用于容置电池模组1的腔室2a，并且，该腔室2a的一端具有开口2b，方便电池模组1的放入或取出。在其他实施例中，容置件2也可以为长方体之外的其他形状。
设置于车体上时，容置件2竖向布置，其设有开口2b的一端被布置为顶端，此时，开口2b朝上，这种情况下，开口2b朝向车辆中的乘客。当电池模组1被放入容置件2中以后，可以在开口2b处盖上盖子，以封闭腔室2a。盖子与容置件2之间可以密封配合，以为腔室2a中的电池模组1提供密封空间。
电池模组1设置在腔室2a中，为电池包100的核心组成部分，用于为车辆提供电能。虽然两个电池模组1的结构可以不同，但为了简化结构，该实施例中两个电池模组1采用相同的结构，因此，以下仅以其中一个为例予以说明。
为了方便描述，图2中示出了笛卡尔坐标系，以区分各个方向，其中，坐标轴y用于表示第一方向，指电池阵列12a中各电池121的排布方向；坐标轴z用于表示第二方向；坐标轴x用于表示第三方向，其垂直于第一方向y和第二方向z。
而在该实施例的布置方式下，第一方向y平行于电池121的端盖121a，为第一水平方向，同时也是电池包100的长度方向；第二方向z沿着竖直方向(也可以称为车体的高度方向)，同时也是电池包100的高度方向；而第三方向x垂直于端盖121a，为第二水平方向，同时也是电池包100的宽度方向。应当理解，“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。此外，本申请描述的“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等方位词均是相对于竖直方向来进行理解的，其中，“上”为与重力方向相反的方向。
结合图1、图2和图5可知，在该实施例中，电池模组1包括电池模块12、防护构件11和支撑件13等。
其中，电池模块12用于产生并输出电能，如图2、图4及图5所示，其包括电池阵列12a、端板122及汇流条12c等。
电池模块12可以包括一个电池阵列12a，也可以包括至少两个电池阵列12a，而电池阵列12a可以包括沿着第一方向y并排布置的至少两个电池121。该实施例以电池模块12中电池阵列12a的数量为2个，而电池阵列12a中电池121的数量为多个为例，但这并不构成对电池阵列12a数量及电池阵列12a中电池121数量的特定限制。
如图5所示，电池121具有端盖121a。端盖121a上设有电极端子121b和防爆阀121c等。通常，端盖121a上设有两个电极端子121b，这两个电极端子121b分别用作正电极端子和负电极端子，用于分别与电池121的正极耳和负极耳电连接。而防爆阀121c一般设置在两个电极端子121b之间，用于在电池121发生热失控时排出气流及火焰等，起到安全保护作用。为了方便描述，可以将端盖121a及电极端子121b和防爆阀121c等设置在端盖121a上的部件合称为端盖组件。
如图2所示，在该实施例中，电池模块12中的两个电池阵列12a沿着第二方向z叠放，电池阵列12a中的各电池121沿着第一方向y(在该实施例中即为第一水平方向)并排布置，且电池模块12中所有电池121的端盖121a朝向相同，即在一个电池模块12中，不仅每个电池阵列12a中各电池121的端盖121a朝向相同，同时不同电池阵列12a中各电池121的端盖121a也朝向相同。电池模块12具有沿第二方向z位于最外侧且彼此相对的第一外表面12d(即上表面)和第二外表面12e(即下表面)。具体地，由图2可知，电池121呈扁平状的六面体形状，各电池阵列12a沿着第二方向z叠放，是指各电池阵列12a以扁平面相接触的方式彼此堆叠，此时，第一外表面12d和第二外表面12e也对应为沿第二方向z位于最外侧的电池121的扁平面。可以理解，扁平面是电池121的与端盖121a邻接并面积最大的表面。
至此可知，在该实施例中，电池模块12包括2行3列共6个电池121，且各电池121均不再竖向布置，而是水平布置，使得电池模块12 被平躺布置，电池模块12中各电池121的端盖121a及设置在端盖121a上的电极端子121b和防爆阀121c等均不再朝上，而是朝水平方向(即朝向或者背离腔室2a的与开口2b邻接的侧壁)，由于这使得热失控产物(发生热失控时的气流及火焰等)不再直接沿竖直方向喷出，而是先沿水平方向喷出，因此，有利于减轻热冲击对乘客的危害。
电池模块12中的各电池121，可以通过胶粘等方式连接在一起。
而为了进一步对电池阵列12a进行限位，如图2和图4所示，两个端板122被分别设置于电池阵列12a的沿第一方向y的两端。基于此，两个端板122可以将电池阵列12a夹持于中间，限制电池阵列12a的位移，并且，两个端板122还可以抵抗电池阵列12a在充放电过程中所不可避免受到的膨胀力，减小电池阵列12a在充放电过程中所发生的膨胀变形。
汇流条12c(也可以称为Busbar或电连接片)用于电连接电池阵列12a中各电池121的电极端子121b，以电连接电池阵列12a中各电池121，实现电池阵列12a中各电池121的串联、并联或混联。电池模块12中可以包括多个汇流条12c，每个汇流条12c可以电连接电池阵列12a中相邻的电池121c。
防护构件11用于对经由防爆阀121c喷出的火焰等进行防护，其可以采用耐高温并绝缘的材料制成，以使得防护构件11可以保证电池模块12与容置件2之间的绝缘，避免不必要的短路风险，且使得防护构件11具有高温耐火性，可以起到防火作用，而不会在防护热失控产物的过程中发生熔化。在该实施例中，防护构件11为云母板件，即，防护构件11采用云母板材料制成，以满足耐高温及绝缘要求。
另外，如图4-7所示，在该实施例中，防护构件11包括第一防护部111、第二防护部112和第三防护部113，第二防护部112和第三防护部113分别连接于第一防护部111的沿第二方向z相对的两端并均相对于第一防护部111朝着靠近电池模块12的方向弯折。即防护构件11整体呈U字型，第一防护部111形成U字的横部，第二防护部112和第三防护部113则形成U字的两条竖部，并且，第二防护部112的长度大于第三防护部113的长度，即U字型的两条竖部长度不同。此处第二防 护部112的长度和第三防护部113的长度分别指的是第二防护部112和第三防护部113相对于第一防护部111向外延伸的尺寸，在图7中被分别标示为l1和l2。
由图2和图5可知，防护构件11设置于电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一侧，其第一防护部111覆盖电池模块12中各电池121的防爆阀121c，第二防护部112的一部分覆盖于第一外表面12d上，第三防护部113抵靠于与第二外表面12e对应的电池121的端盖121a上，且在第二方向z上，第三防护部113的下表面(图5中即为第三防护部113的在第二方向上的外表面，也是第三防护部113的远离第二防护部112的表面)平齐于第二外表面12e或高于第二外表面12e(即相对于第二外表面12e更靠近第一外表面12d)。其中，第二防护部112与第一外表面12d之间可以通过胶等方式粘接，使得第二防护部112与第一外表面12d搭接固定；而防护构件11与电池阵列12a之间还可以通过端板122连接，具体地，在该实施例中，第一防护部111通过铆钉14与端板122连接，使得第一防护部111可以通过端板122与电池阵列12a连接。
需要说明，第二防护部112的一部分覆盖于第一外表面12d，其中，如图5所示，第二防护部112的该部分可以部分覆盖第一外表面12d，根据实际需要，第二防护部112的该部分也可以完全覆盖第一外表面12d，只要第二防护部112的该部分至少部分覆盖第一外表面12d即可。
基于上述设置，由于防护构件11同时通过第二防护部112和第三防护部113来与电池模块12结合，因此，相比于防护构件11只通过第二防护部112和第三防护部113中的一个来与电池模块12结合的情况，该实施例的防护构件11与电池模块12之间的结合强度更高，二者之间的配合关系更稳定，这有利于提高电池包100的工作可靠性。
并且，基于上述设置，防护构件11可以对热扩散的方向和范围进行控制，不仅在第一防护部111的作用下，热失控时从防爆阀121c中喷出的气流及火焰在水平方向(具体为第三方向x)上的扩散范围得到控制，而且，在第一防护部111、第二防护部112及第三防护部113的综合作用下，热失控时从防爆阀121c中喷出的气流及火焰在竖直方向上的扩散范围也得到控制，尤其在第二防护部112和第三防护部113的 作用下，热失控产物难以再喷到第一外表面12d以上或第二外表面12e以下，这不仅可以降低热失控产物对第一外表面12d、位于第一外表面12d以上的盖子、第二外表面12e、以及位于第二外表面12e以下的容置件2的底板的损害，并且还可以有效防止热冲击危害位于电池包100上方的乘客，这些都有利于提高电池包100的使用安全性，提升车辆的安全性能。
其中，第三防护部113被构造为短于第二防护部112，且与电池模块12之间被设置为第三防护部113仅抵靠于电池模块12中位于最下侧的电池121的端盖121a上，而并不伸至第二外表面12e以下，其好处在于：一方面，电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一端不会被第三防护部113抬高倾斜，电池模块12仍可以通过整个第二外表面12e与容置件2接触，从而可以更平稳地被设置于容置件2中；另一方面，第三防护部113无需占用竖直方向的空间，可以减小电池包100的厚度，这有利于实现电池包100的小型化，增大电池包100的能量密度；再一方面，第三防护部113无需承受电池模块12的重力，因此，可以改善防护构件11的受力状态，提高防护构件11的使用可靠性，同时，也可以降低对防护构件11的强度要求；又一方面，被第三防护部113抵靠的端盖121a可以对防护构件11形成支撑，使得第一防护部111不至于贴在电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一侧表面上，而是与电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一侧表面之间具有空隙，形成供热失控产物流动的通道(可以称为排气通道P)，便于在控制扩散方向和扩散范围的情况下引导热失控产物排出，避免因热失控产物难以甚至无法排出而引发安全问题。
而为了进一步提高热失控产物的排出顺利性，如图5-7所示，在该实施例中，电池模组1还包括支撑件13，该支撑件13设置于第一防护部111上并朝靠近电池模块12的方向延伸。具体地，支撑件13通过粘接等方式设置于第一防护部111上，并位于汇流条12c与第一防护部111之间。基于此，支撑件13可以在电池模组1受到挤压时对防护构件11起到一定的支撑作用，使得第一防护部111与电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一侧表面之间的空隙不至于因受到挤压等外部作用而过分变小甚至消失，从而可以使排气通道P保持通畅，更可靠地引导热失控产物 排出，提高热失控产物排出的顺利性。同时，由于所设置的支撑件13可以承受外部冲击等载荷，因此，还可以起到缓冲作用，减少电池模块12因外部冲击所受到的损害，并使电池模块12受力更加均匀。
其中，支撑件13可以朝靠近电池模块12的方向延伸至与电池模块12接触或不接触。支撑件13朝靠近电池模块12的方向延伸至与电池模块12接触时，支撑件13直接支承于防护构件11和电池模块12之间，更有利于保持排气通道P的顺畅性。而当支撑件13朝靠近电池模块12的方向延伸至与电池模块12不接触时，支撑件13仍然可以在电池模组1受到挤压时因发生位移而变为与电池模块12接触，从而起到支撑作用。
另外，支撑件13可以选用硅胶件，例如被构造为硅胶钉，这一方面可以增强支撑件13的缓冲作用，另一方面还可以防止支撑件13刮损电池模块12。
而为了提高热失控产物的排出顺利性，该实施例还在端板122与防护构件11之间设有排气口。具体地，结合图2和图4可知，在该实施例中，端板122包括基体部122a和设置于基体部122a上的连接部122b，基体部122a与电池阵列12a连接，连接部122b与防护构件11连接，且基体部122a的靠近防护构件11的一端相对于连接部122b的与防护构件11连接的一端远离防护构件11，这使得基体部122a的靠近防护构件11的一端与防护构件11之间存在间隔，该间隔于是形成排气口，使得热失控产物可以沿着排气通道流P至排气口并从排气口排出，实现热失控产物的顺利排出，有效降低因热失控产物难以甚至无法排出而引发安全问题的风险。
此外，在该实施例中，第一防护部111并非一体式结构，而是分体式结构。具体地，如图5-7所示，该实施例的第一防护部111包括第一部分111a和与第一部分111a连接的第二部分111b，第一部分111a与第二防护部112连接，第二部分111b与第三防护部113连接。基于此，第一防护部111由第一部分111a和第二部分111b拼接而成，也即第一部分111a和第二部分111b为分体式结构，相比于一体式结构，这种拼接结构更适应云母板较脆的材料特定，也有利于降低防护构件11的生产加工难度。
并且，由图7可知，在该实施例中，第一部分111a与第二防护部112之间被构造为一体结构，使得二者配合形成L形的第一拼接板11a；同时，第二部分111b与第三防护部113之间被构造为一体结构，使得二者配合形成L形的第二拼接板11b。通过该设置，使得防护构件11实际上是由两个L型拼接板(即第一拼接板11a和第二拼接板11b)拼接形成，由于较脆的云母板难以直接被加工得到两条竖部长度不同的U字型结构，而却可以方便地加工出L型结构，因此，将防护构件11设置为由两个L型拼接板拼接而成，可以在满足防护构件11结构特点的基础上，降低防护构件11的加工难度，减小防护构件11的废品率。
为了实现第一部分111a与第二部分111b之间的连接，第一部分111a和第二部分111b例如可以通过铆钉14等紧固件连接，或者，可以通结构胶等粘接在一起，再或者，也可以同时采用紧固件连接方式和粘接方式连接。
而为了方便第一部分111a与第二部分111b之间的连接，如图5和图7所示，在该实施例中，第一部分111a和第二部分111b并非上下对齐的，而是在第二方向z上，第一部分111a的下端延伸至第二部分111b的上端下方，也即第一部分111a的远离第二防护部112的一端相对于第二部分111b的远离第三防护部113的一端靠近第三防护部113，使得二者在第三方向x上至少部分地重叠，彼此搭接，具体在该实施例中二者仅部分重叠，并且，在重叠时，第一部分111a位于第二部分111b的靠近电电池模块12的一侧，换句话说，第一部分111a位于第二部分111b的内侧。
基于上述设置，一方面可以方便第一部分111a与第二部分111b之间的拼接，增大二者连接处的强度；另一方面，还可以使防护构件11对电池模组1中位于容置件2内并在高度方向上位于电池模块12中上部的结构部件(例如压设于电池模块12上方的模块压板等)形成避让，方便这些结构部件的安装固定；再一方面，还可以减小排气通道P上半部分的通流面积，并增大排气通道P下半部分的通流面积，由于这可以引导热失控产物更多且更快速地向下流动，而较少且较缓慢地向上流动，因此，这可以在保证热失控产物顺利排出的同时，进一步减少热失 控对位于上方的乘客的影响，提高电池包100的安全性和可靠性。
可见，该实施例通过将电池模块12平躺地布置于容置件2中，并在电池模块12的设有端盖组件的一侧设置呈两竖部长度不同的U字型的防护构件11，可以有效提升电池包100的防热冲击的能力，提高电池包100的使用安全性和工作可靠性，降低电池热失控对乘客生命安全的威胁。
进一步地，由图1可知，该实施例电池包100所包括的一对电池模组1，其中两个电池模组1沿着坐标轴x所示的第三方向并排布置时，二者并不面对面地布置，而是朝向不同的方向布置，使得二者中的端盖121a彼此背离。这样设置，可以防止两个电池模组1相互影响，避免一个电池模组1发生热失控时引发另一个电池模组1也发生热失控，因此，可以进一步提高电池包100的使用安全性和工作可靠性。
当然，在其他实施例中，电池包100中电池模组1的对数不限于一对，也可以为两对或多对。
与现有技术相比较，本申请实施例提供一种电池模组，具有此电池模组的电池包，具有此电池包的汽车。在此电池模组中，由于本申请所设置的防护构件，其第二防护部和第三防护部分别连接于第一防护部的沿第二方向相对的两端并均相对于第一防护部朝靠近电池模块的方向弯折，且其中第一防护部覆盖电池模块中各电池的防爆阀，第二防护部的一部分覆盖电池模块的第一外表面，而第三防护部则抵靠于电池模块的与第一外表面相对的第二外表面对应的电池的端盖上，因此，防护构件可以对热失控时所喷出的气流及火焰等进行防护，并对热失控时热扩散范围进行控制，所以，可以有效提高电池模组的使用安全性。
以上所述仅为本申请的示例性实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池模组(1)，其中，包括：
    电池模块(12)，包括电池阵列(12a)，所述电池阵列(12a)包括沿着第一方向(y)并排布置的至少两个电池(121)，所述电池(121)的端盖(121a)上设有防爆阀(121c)，所述电池模块(12)中所有所述电池(121)的所述端盖(121a)朝向相同，所述电池模块(12)具有沿第二方向(z)彼此相对的第一外表面(12d)和第二外表面(12e)，所述第二方向(z)垂直于所述第一方向(y)；和
    防护构件(11)，用于对经由所述防爆阀(121c)喷出的火焰进行防护，并包括第一防护部(111)、第二防护部(112)和第三防护部(113)，所述第二防护部(112)和所述第三防护部(113)分别连接于所述第一防护部(111)的沿所述第二方向(z)相对的两端，并且所述第二防护部(112)和所述第三防护部(113)均相对于所述第一防护部(111)朝靠近所述电池模块(12)的方向弯折；
    其中，所述第一防护部(111)覆盖所述电池模块(12)中各所述电池(121)的所述防爆阀(121c)，所述第二防护部(112)的一部分覆盖于所述第一表面(12d)，所述第三防护部(113)抵靠于与所述第二表面(12e)对应的电池(121)的所述端盖(121a)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第一防护部(111)包括第一部分(111a)和与所述第一部分(111a)连接的第二部分(111b)，所述第一部分(111a)与所述第二防护部(112)连接，所述第二部分(111b)与所述第三防护部(113)连接，所述第一部分(111a)与所述第二部分(111b)为分体式结构且在第三方向(x)上至少部分地重叠，所述第三方向(x)垂直于所述第一方向(y)和所述第二方向(z)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第一部分(111a)位于所述第二部分(111b)的靠近所述电池模块(12)的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池模组(1)，其特征在于，所述 第一部分(111a)与所述第二防护部(112)为一体结构；和/或，所述第二部分(111b)与所述第三防护部(113)为一体结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第二防护部(112)的长度大于所述第三防护部(113)的长度。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池模组(1)，其中，在所述第二方向(z)上，所述第三防护部(113)的外表面与所述第二外表面(12e)平齐，或者，所述第三防护部(113)的外表面相对于所述第二外表面(12e)靠近所述第一外表面(12d)。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第二方向(z)为竖直方向。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述电池模组(1)还包括支撑件(13)，所述支撑件(13)设置于所述第一防护部(111)上并朝靠近所述电池模块(12)的方向延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述电池模块(12)还包括汇流条(12c)，所述汇流条(12c)电连接所述电池阵列(12a)中的所述电池(121)，所述支撑件(13)位于所述汇流条(12c)与所述第一防护部(111)之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第二防护部(112)与所述第一表面(12d)粘接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述防护构件(11)为云母板件。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述电池模块(12)包括至少两个所述电池阵列(12a)，所述至少两个所述电池阵列(12a)沿着所述第二方向(z)叠放。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述电池模块(12)还包括两个端板(122)，所述两个端板(122)分别设置于所述电池阵列(12a)的沿所述第一方向(y)的两端，且所述防护构件(11)连接于所述端板(122)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述端板(122)包括基体部(122a)和设置于所述基体部(122a)上的连接部(122b)， 所述基体部(122a)与所述电池阵列(12a)连接，所述连接部(122b)与所述防护构件(11)连接，且所述基体部(122a)的靠近所述防护构件(11)的一端与所述防护构件(11)之间存在间隔。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一所述的电池模组(1)，其中，所述第一防护部(111)与所述电池模块(12)的设有端盖组件的一侧表面之间具有空隙，形成排气通道(P)；
    所述端盖组件包括所述端盖(121a)和所述防爆阀(121c)。
  16. 一种电池包(100)，其中，所述电池包(100)包括：
    容置件(2)，所述容置件(2)内部具有腔室(2a)；和
    如权利要求1-15任一所述的电池模组(1)，所述电池模组(1)容置于所述腔室(2a)中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池包(100)，其特征在于，所述电池包(100)包括至少一对所述电池模组(1)，所述一对电池模组(1)中的两个电池模组(1)沿着第三方向(x)并排布置，且所述一对电池模组(1)中的两个电池模组(1)的端盖(121a)彼此背离，所述第三方向(x)垂直于所述第一方向(y)和所述第二方向(z)。
  18. 一种车辆，包括车体，其特征在于，还包括如权利要求16或17所述的电池包(100)，所述电池包(100)设置于所述车体上，所述第二方向(z)为所述车体的高度方向。
PCT/CN2020/104635 2019-07-26 2020-07-24 电池模组、电池包和车辆 WO2021018055A1 (zh)

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