WO2021017370A1 - 一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法 - Google Patents

一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法 Download PDF

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WO2021017370A1
WO2021017370A1 PCT/CN2019/125225 CN2019125225W WO2021017370A1 WO 2021017370 A1 WO2021017370 A1 WO 2021017370A1 CN 2019125225 W CN2019125225 W CN 2019125225W WO 2021017370 A1 WO2021017370 A1 WO 2021017370A1
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antenna
curved
plane
sub
curved surface
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PCT/CN2019/125225
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French (fr)
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刘国玺
杨文宁
杜彪
郑元鹏
伍洋
宁晓磊
陈隆
杨晋蓉
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中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所
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Publication of WO2021017370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017370A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/02439A priority Critical patent/ZA202202439B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of reflector antennas, in particular to a method for dividing the curved surface of the reflector antenna, which can be used for the equalized area design of the main surface or the secondary surface of the medium-caliber reflector antenna.
  • the reflector antenna has the characteristics of high gain, low sidelobe, and can well suppress cross polarization, so it is widely used in the fields of communication, measurement and control, and radio astronomy.
  • the reflective surface is generally divided into blocks, that is, the reflective surface is divided into several subunits.
  • the traditional block method is to block the reflecting surface along the circumferential direction and the radial direction to obtain several fan-shaped subunits.
  • the Chinese patent "Large-aperture and high-precision secondary reflective surface and its manufacturing method” with the publication number CN103560331A discloses a manufacturing method of secondary reflective surface, in which the reflective surface segmentation method involved uses traditional fan-shaped division.
  • Block method; Chinese patent "Preprocessing Method for Deformation Data of Reflecting Surface Antenna Panel" with publication number CN101252225A discloses a method for obtaining antenna far-field pattern by processing the deformation data of reflecting surface.
  • the block method adopts the traditional method;
  • the Chinese patent "a block-type rotating antenna” with the announcement number CN204011678U discloses a detachable antenna suitable for vehicle radar, and the reflective surface block method involved is traditional Sector block method.
  • the above-mentioned methods can solve some problems in the corresponding technical fields, they have the following shortcomings for the block method of the medium-aperture reflecting surface:
  • the block area is not uniform.
  • the traditional blocking method generally only divides the reflective surface according to the radial length, resulting in uneven area of the panel subunits formed after the blocking. Panels with a smaller area are easy to process and manufacture, and its surface accuracy is also easy to guarantee; while panels with a larger area increase the difficulty of molding and manufacturing, and its surface accuracy is not easy to guarantee.
  • the reflective surface composed of panels with uneven areas and unequal precision reaches the non-isophase surface of the electromagnetic field on the antenna aperture when working, thereby reducing the overall performance index of the antenna.
  • the panel is not easy to locate.
  • the antenna panel formed by the traditional block method is in the form of circular arcs in the circumferential direction, and the panels are not easy to locate each other.
  • the reflecting surface is a non-circularly symmetrical shaped curved surface, the position accuracy of each panel is very demanding. If the positioning of the panel subunit is not accurate, it will affect the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves and cause the antenna gain to decrease.
  • the Chinese patent "Stamped Block Antenna” with the announcement number CN204088574U discloses a small portable satellite antenna; Symmetrically divided satellite TV receiving antenna; Chinese patent "A Small Satellite Antenna Reflector” with the announcement number CN201163666U discloses a small satellite antenna that divides the reflective surface into four pieces.
  • the reflector block method involved in the above three patents is suitable for small-aperture antennas, this method has the following shortcomings for the medium-caliber reflector block:
  • the present invention provides a method for dividing the curved surface of a reflector antenna.
  • the method adopts a dividing method of equalized area and mixed shape, and has the characteristics of uniform area and regular shape of subunits after dividing.
  • the sub-units are easy to process and manufacture, easy to position during assembly, and the combined reflective surface has high precision, and can reduce the design difficulty of the back frame structure. It is especially suitable for the design and manufacture of medium-caliber reflective surfaces.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • a method for dividing the curved surface of a reflecting surface antenna based on equalized area and mixed shape, used to divide the shaped reflecting surface or circularly symmetrical reflecting surface into equalized area including the following steps:
  • N is a natural number, and N ⁇ 3;
  • step 9 Project the regular N polygon obtained in step (7) and the N radiating line segments obtained in step (8) on the reflection surface of the antenna along the reverse direction of the normal outside plane A, and divide the reflection surface into A plurality of sub-regions composed of curved N polygons and N curved sectors to obtain a curved division of the reflecting surface;
  • the reflective surface is divided into blocks to obtain a curved N-sided panel and N curved fan-shaped panels.
  • the area of the N-sided curved surface and the N curved surface sectors is 0.5-6 m 2 .
  • the distance of the boundary shift inward is 0.2-5 mm.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention uses the equalized area division method, and the subunits formed by the antenna reflection surface after division are uniform in area, easy to manufacture, and can effectively improve the surface accuracy of the assembled reflection surface.
  • the block method adopted in the present invention makes the reflecting surface consist of a polygon and several fan-shaped units, and the fan-shaped units are positioned by the outer edge of the polygon, which overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional method that the fan-shaped units are not easily positioned along the circumferential direction .
  • the polygonal unit is located at the center of the reflective surface and is an integral curved surface, which can reduce electromagnetic leakage and reduce the noise temperature of the antenna system.
  • the units constituting the reflecting surface are polygonal and fan-shaped, and it is easy to configure the number of supporting points of the unit panel after molding, and the structure can be designed flexibly according to the aperture size or unit area of the reflecting surface.
  • the divided subunit panels are all regular shapes, which can effectively simplify the reflective surface back frame structure, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna system and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the method of the present invention is not only suitable for standard circularly symmetrical reflector antennas, but also can give consideration to offset reflector antennas and shaped reflector antennas.
  • the present invention has a clever concept, a clear idea, and is easy to implement. It not only solves the problems of uneven block area, difficult positioning and misalignment of the aspect ratio of the traditional reflective surface block method, but also reduces the difficulty of processing and manufacturing. There is an important improvement in technology.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of steps 1 to 2 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of steps 3 to 8 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of step 9 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of steps 10 to 11 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the curved surface of the reflecting surface composed of triangles and sectors in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the curved surface of the reflecting surface composed of a quadrilateral and a sector in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the curved surface of the reflecting surface composed of hexagons and sectors in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the partitioning method includes the following steps:
  • the translation distance is 600 mm.
  • the radius of the great circle in the embodiment is 2500mm.
  • R is 2500 mm
  • N is 5.
  • r is 1173.2 mm.
  • the regular N polygon obtained in step (7) and the N radiation line segments obtained in step (8) are projected to the antenna reflection surface along the normal direction N opposite to the plane A, and the reflection The surface is divided into a region composed of N polygons of the curved surface and N curved sectors to obtain the curved surface division of the reflecting surface.
  • the reflective surface is divided into regions composed of a curved pentagon and five curved sectors.
  • the distance of the inward shift of the boundary is 1.5 mm.
  • the reflective surface is divided into blocks to obtain a curved N-sided panel and N curved fan-shaped panels.
  • the reflective surface is composed of a curved pentagonal panel and five curved fan-shaped panels.
  • the reflective surface is divided into six regions, which are divided into two shapes: pentagonal shape and sector shape, and the curved surface area of each region is 3.61 m 2 .
  • the divided curved pentagonal panel and five curved fan-shaped panels can be fixed on the back frame by five-point support.
  • Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 also show block diagrams with different numbers of sides of the central polygon.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the reflective surface curved surface block composed of triangles and sectors
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the reflective surface curved surface block composed of quadrilaterals and sectors
  • Figure 7 is a reflective surface curved surface composed of hexagons and sectors Block schematic.
  • the block method for other polygon sides can also be obtained according to the steps provided above, and will not be repeated here.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法，它涉及通信、测控以及射电天文等领域中反射面天线的曲面分块技术，利用该方法可使分块后的反射面子单元面积均匀、形状规则，简化天线背架结构，能够显著地提高天线的表面精度，降低制造成本。本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：通过求解投影面上的等化面积方程，得到内圆半径，做出平面多边形和扇形；将平面多边形和扇形再投影到反射面上；最后确定子单元之间的缝隙，得到由多边形和扇形组成的天线反射面。本发明能使各子单元易于加工制造，组装时易于定位，组合后的反射面精度高，且能够降低背架结构设计难度，特别适合于中等口径反射面天线的设计和制造。

Description

一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法 技术领域
本发明涉及反射面天线技术领域，特别是指一种反射面天线曲面分块方法，可用于中等口径反射面天线主面或副面的等化面积分块设计。
背景技术
反射面天线具有高增益、低旁瓣的特点，且能很好地抑制交叉极化，因而广泛应用于通信、测控以及射电天文等领域中。对于中等口径的反射面天线(如口径大于2米)，受到制造能力的限制，一般要对反射面进行分块处理，即将反射面分割成若干个子单元。
传统的分块方法是沿圆周方向和径向将反射面进行分块，得到若干个扇形子单元。例如，公开号为CN103560331A的中国专利《大口径高精度副反射面及其制造方法》中公开了一种副反射面的制造方法，其中所涉及到的反射面分块方法采用了传统的扇形分块方法；公开号为CN101252225A的中国专利《反射面天线面板变形数据的预处理方法》中公开了一种通过处理反射面变形数据得到天线远场方向图的方法，其中所涉及到的反射面分块方法采用了传统方式；公告号为CN204011678U的中国专利《一种分块式旋转天线》中公开了一种适合于车载雷达的可拆装天线，其中所涉及到的反射面分块方法为传统扇形分块方法。上述几种方法虽然能够解决相应技术领域的一些问题，但对于中等口径反射面的分块方法方面来说，存在以下不足：
(1)分块面积不均匀。传统的分块方法一般只根据径向长度对反射面进行分块，导致分块后形成的面板子单元面积不均匀。面积较小的面板容易加工制造，其表面精度也容易保证；而面积较大的面板增加了成型和制造的难度，其表面精度不易保证。这样，由面积不均的、精度不等的面板所组成的反射面在工作时，到达天线口径上的电磁场非等相位面，从而降低天线的总体性能指标。
(2)面板不易定位。传统的分块方法所形成的天线面板，在周向为圆弧形式，面板相互之间不易定位，特别是当反射面为非圆对称的赋型曲面时，对每块面板的位置精度要求非常高，如果面板子单元定位不准确，会影响电磁波的反射 效率，导致天线增益下降。
(3)径向和周向长度比例不均。采用传统的分块方法易造成面板的径向和周向尺寸差别很大，为了消除尺寸差别会增加面板支撑点数量，这样会增加天线背架结构的复杂度，使得生产成本升高。
公告号为CN204088574U的中国专利《冲压式分块天线》中公开了一种冲压式分块小型便携卫星天线；公告号为CN2413398U的中国专利《分块式卫星电视接收天线》中公开了一种小型对称分块的卫星电视接收天线；公告号为CN201163666U的中国专利《一种小型卫星天线反射面》中公开了一种将反射面分为四块的小型卫星天线。上述三个专利所涉及的反射面分块方法虽然适用与小口径天线，但是该种方法对于中等口径的反射面分块来说，存在以下不足：
(1)只涉及小口径天线。在上述的专利中，所涉及的天线主要是便携式或小型卫星地面站天线，所涉及的分块方法不能应用到中等口径的反射面天线中。
(2)分块不规则。以上三种专利对天线的分块为不规则形状，天线结构采用了面板自支撑形式。对于中等口径天线而言，天线反射面需要有背架支撑，如果采用这种不规则分块方法，将给背架结构带来很多问题。
(3)没有考虑单块面积。上面三种专利所提及的分块方法，没有涉及分块后子单元面积，将会造成分块面积不均匀和表面精度不一致的问题。
发明的内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种反射面天线曲面分块方法，该方法采用等化面积和混合形状的分块方式，具有分块后子单元面积均匀等化、形状规则的特点，分块后的各子单元易于加工制造，组装时易于定位，组合后的反射面精度高，且能够降低背架结构的设计难度，特别适合于中等口径反射面的设计和制造。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法，用于对赋型反射面或圆对称反射面进行等化面积分块，包括如下步骤：
(1)任取天线反射面边缘上的不在同一直线上的三个点，并确定过这三个点的平面A，取平面A的外法向为远离反射面方向；
(2)沿平面A的外法向方向平移一段距离，得到与平面A平行的平面B；
(3)取天线反射面边缘上的将口面圆周三等分的三个点，沿平面A的外法向方向投影到平面B上，得到三个投影点；
(4)以三个投影点为基准，确定一个半径为R的大圆；
(5)求解如下方程，得到数值r：
Figure PCTCN2019125225-appb-000001
其中，N为自然数，且N≥3；
(6)以r为半径在所述大圆内做出同心小圆；
(7)在所述小圆内，做出内接正N边形；
(8)以正N边形的N个顶点为基准，在小圆圆周与大圆圆周之间做出N条径向的辐射线段；
(9)将步骤(7)所得到的正N边形和步骤(8)所得到的N条辐射线段，沿平面A外法向的反向方向投影到天线反射面上，把反射面分割成由曲面N边形和N个曲面扇形所组成的多个子区域，得到对所述反射面的曲面划分；
(10)对于所述反射面的每一个子区域，将该子区域的边界内移，使得相邻两个子区域之间形成缝隙，从而完成对反射面的二次划分；
(11)根据二次划分的划分方式对反射面曲面进行分块，得到一个曲面N边形面板和N个曲面扇形面板。
具体的，所述步骤(9)中曲面N边形和N个曲面扇形的面积为0.5～6m 2。
具体的，所述步骤(10)中边界内移的距离为0.2～5mm。
本发明与背景技术相比具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明运用等化面积分块方法，天线反射面经分块后所形成的子单元面积均匀、易于制造，能够有效提升组装后的反射面表面精度。
(2)本发明所采用的分块方法，使反射面由一个多边形和若干个扇形单元组成，扇形单元之间通过多边形外缘进行定位，克服了传统方法中扇形单元沿周向不易定位的缺陷。
(3)采用本发明方法对反射面分块后，多边形单元位于反射面的中心，且为整体曲面，能够减少电磁漏失和降低天线系统的噪声温度。
(4)本发明中组成反射面的单元为多边形和扇形，易于配置成型后的单元 面板的支撑点数量，可根据反射面口径大小或单元面积进行灵活的结构设计。
(5)分块后的子单元面板均为规则形状，能够有效简化反射面背架结构，从而降低天线系统的重量，减少制造成本。
(6)本发明方法不仅适合于标准圆对称反射面天线，而且能够兼顾偏置反射面天线和赋型反射面天线。
总之，本发明构思巧妙，思路清晰，易于实现，既解决了传统反射面分块方法的分块面积不均匀、不易定位和长宽比失调的问题，又降低了加工制造的难度，是对现有技术的一种重要改进。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中步骤1～步骤2的原理图；
图2是本发明实施例中步骤3～步骤8的原理图；
图3是本发明实施例中步骤9的原理图；
图4是本发明实施例中步骤10～步骤11的原理图；
图5是本发明实施例中由三角形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图；
图6是本发明实施例中由四边形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图；
图7是本发明实施例中由六边形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
以口径为5米的赋型反射面分块为示例，该分块方法包括如下步骤：
(1)建立平面
如图1所示，任取天线反射面边缘上的不在同一直线上的三个点，记为P1、P2、P3，并确定过这三个点的平面A，取平面A的外法向为远离反射面方向，记为N。
(2)平移平面
沿平面A外法向N方向平移适当距离，得到平面B。
实施例中平移距离为600mm。
(3)取三点投影
如图2所示，取天线反射面边缘上的最大径向尺寸的三点，记为P3、P4、P5，沿平面A外法向N方向投影到平面B上，得到三个投影点，记为P3’、P4’、P5’。
(4)确定大圆
以P3’、P4’、P5’三个投影点为基准，确定一个半径为R的大圆。
实施例中大圆半径为2500mm。
(5)建立方程
在半径为R大圆内，确定一个半径为r的小圆，半径r满足如下方程：
Figure PCTCN2019125225-appb-000002
实施例中，R取2500mm，N取5。
(6)求解方程
求解步骤(5)所得到的方程，舍去负值结果，得到小圆半径r。
实施例中，经求解后得到r为1173.2mm。
(7)做出多边形
在半径为r的小圆内，做出内接正N边形。
实施例中为内接正五边形。
(8)做出辐射线段
以正N边形的N个边交点为基准，沿径向做出N条辐射线段，交于半径为R的大圆上。
实施例中，以正五边形的五个边交点为基准，沿径向做出五条辐射线段，交于半径为2500mm的圆上。
(9)投影和分割曲面
如图3所示，将步骤(7)所得到的正N边形和步骤(8)所得到的N条辐射线段，沿平面A外法向N反向方向向天线反射面进行投影，把反射面分割成由曲面N边形和N个曲面扇形组成的区域，得到对所述反射面的曲面划分。
实施例中，把反射面分割成由一个曲面五边形和五个曲面扇形组成的区域。
(10)二次划分
如图4所示，对于反射面的每一个划分子区域，将该子区域的边界内移，使 得相邻两个子区域之间形成缝隙，从而完成对反射面的二次划分。
实施例中，边界内移的距离为1.5mm。
(11)曲面分块
根据二次划分的划分方式对反射面曲面进行分块，得到一个曲面N边形面板和N个曲面扇形面板。
实施例中，经分块后，反射面由一个曲面五边形面板和五个曲面扇形面板组成。
在本实施例中，经过上述步骤分块后，反射面被分割成六块区域，分为两种形状：五边形和扇形，每块区域的曲面面积为3.61m 2。
分块后的曲面五边形面板和五个曲面扇形面板均可采用五点支撑方式固定在背架上。
为了验证本发明的通用性，图5～图7还给出了中心多边形为不同边数的分块原理图。其中，图5是由三角形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图；图6是由四边形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图；图7是由六边形和扇形组成的反射面曲面分块原理图。对于其它多边形边数的分块方法，也可以根据上面提供的步骤所得到，此处不再赘述。
以上所述，仅是本发明的最佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构改变，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种基于等化面积和混合形状的反射面天线曲面分块方法，其特征在于，用于对赋型反射面或圆对称反射面进行等化面积分块，包括如下步骤：
    (1)任取天线反射面边缘上的不在同一直线上的三个点，并确定过这三个点的平面A，取平面A的外法向为远离反射面方向；
    (2)沿平面A的外法向方向平移一段距离，得到与平面A平行的平面B；
    (3)取天线反射面边缘上的将口面圆周三等分的三个点，沿平面A的外法向方向投影到平面B上，得到三个投影点；
    (4)以三个投影点为基准，确定一个半径为R的大圆；
    (5)求解如下方程，得到数值r：
    Figure PCTCN2019125225-appb-100001
    其中，N为自然数，且N≥3；
    (6)以r为半径在所述大圆内做出同心小圆；
    (7)在所述小圆内，做出内接正N边形；
    (8)以正N边形的N个顶点为基准，在小圆圆周与大圆圆周之间做出N条径向的辐射线段；
    (9)将步骤(7)所得到的正N边形和步骤(8)所得到的N条辐射线段，沿平面A外法向的反向方向投影到天线反射面上，把反射面分割成由曲面N边形和N个曲面扇形所组成的多个子区域，得到对所述反射面的曲面划分；
    (10)对于所述反射面的每一个子区域，将该子区域的边界内移，使得相邻两个子区域之间形成缝隙，从而完成对反射面的二次划分；
    (11)根据二次划分的划分方式对反射面曲面进行分块，得到一个曲面N边形面板和N个曲面扇形面板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的反射面天线曲面分块方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(9)中曲面N边形和N个曲面扇形的面积为0.5～6m 2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的反射面天线曲面分块方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(10)中边界内移的距离为0.2～5mm。
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