WO2021017133A1 - 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆 - Google Patents

乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021017133A1
WO2021017133A1 PCT/CN2019/108099 CN2019108099W WO2021017133A1 WO 2021017133 A1 WO2021017133 A1 WO 2021017133A1 CN 2019108099 W CN2019108099 W CN 2019108099W WO 2021017133 A1 WO2021017133 A1 WO 2021017133A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protective cover
occupant
head
protection device
safety protection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/108099
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘修平
邢孔誉
Original Assignee
珠海弘点科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海弘点科技有限公司 filed Critical 珠海弘点科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021017133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021017133A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/28—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
    • B60N2/2851—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle provided with head-rests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/28—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/26—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles for children
    • B60N2/28—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
    • B60N2/2884—Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle with protection systems against abnormal g-forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/80—Head-rests
    • B60N2/888—Head-rests with arrangements for protecting against abnormal g-forces, e.g. by displacement of the head-rest

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of occupant safety protection, and in particular to an active safety protection device for occupants, a child safety seat, a vehicle seat and a vehicle.
  • the head and neck of the occupant are fixed by a fixed protection device to restrict the movement of the head and neck.
  • a headband or helmet is worn to the occupant, and a rope is arranged between the back of the headband or helmet and the seat to limit the forward movement of the head during sudden braking or forward collision.
  • the inventor’s research found that when the head or neck protector in the related technology restrains the head or neck, it is easy to cause discomfort for the occupants in wearing comfort or free movement of the head and neck. Willingness.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an occupant active safety protection device, a child safety seat, a vehicle seat, and a vehicle, which can not only realize the head and neck safety protection of the occupant when riding in a vehicle, but also improve the comfort of the occupant. .
  • an active safety protection device for occupants for active safety protection for occupants in transportation, including:
  • At least one protective cover has a normal position and a blocking position.
  • the protective cover in the normal position can have a gap with the head of the occupant in a normal sitting posture, and is at least partially located above the head of the occupant.
  • the protective cover in the blocking position can limit the inertial swing range of the occupant's head;
  • a rotating connection mechanism arranged between the protective cover body and a mounting base that is relatively stationary to the vehicle, and used to realize the rotation of the protective cover body relative to the mounting base;
  • the protective cover is configured to be able to rotate from the normal position to the blocking position under the action of inertia when the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a preset threshold range.
  • it further includes the mounting base; wherein,
  • the mounting base is made integrally with the headrest of the seat located inside the vehicle or is detachably arranged on the headrest of the seat;
  • the mounting base is made integrally with the headrest of the child safety seat located inside the vehicle or is detachably arranged on the headrest of the child safety seat;
  • the installation base is detachably arranged on the inner top of the vehicle.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes:
  • the holding mechanism is integrally made with the protective cover body or is operatively connected to the protective cover body, and is used to keep the protective cover body in when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range Normal position.
  • the center of gravity of the protective cover in the normal position and the center of gravity in the blocking position are respectively located on both sides of a vertical plane passing through the rotation axis of the protective cover.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes:
  • a reset mechanism is operatively connected to the protective cover body, and is used to return the protective cover body in the blocking position to the protective cover body when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range. The normal position of the protective cover.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes:
  • a blocking position restriction mechanism connected between the protective cover and the mounting base, and used to restrict the position of the protective cover rotated to the blocking position
  • the retention and reset mechanism is operatively connected to the protective cover body, and is used to keep the protective cover body in the normal position in the normal position when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range , And returning the protective cover to the normal position when the protective cover in the blocking position is released from the restriction of the blocking position restriction mechanism;
  • the center of gravity of the protective cover in the normal position is located on a vertical plane passing through the rotation axis of the protective cover.
  • the blocking position restriction mechanism includes:
  • At least two sections of telescopic sleeves having a telescopic limit structure capable of locking the at least two sections of sleeve sleeves telescopic lengths after the at least two sections of sleeves are extended to the maximum allowable length;
  • the maintaining and resetting mechanism includes:
  • One end of the extension spring is connected with the protective cover body, and the other end is connected with the installation base.
  • the reset mechanism includes:
  • One end of the extension spring is connected with the protective cover body, and the other end is connected with the installation base.
  • the mounting base further includes:
  • the height adjustment structure is connected to the rotation connection mechanism and is used to adjust the height of the rotation connection mechanism to adjust the distance of the protective cover relative to the head of the occupant in the normal sitting posture.
  • the at least one protective shield includes:
  • the first protective cover is configured to inertially rotate forward when the deceleration of the vehicle in the traveling direction exceeds a preset threshold range, so as to block the forward inertial swing of the occupant's head;
  • the second protective cover is configured to inertially rotate backward when the acceleration of the vehicle in the traveling direction exceeds a preset threshold range, so as to block the inertial swing of the occupant's head.
  • the first pivot point of the first protective cover and the mounting base and the second pivot point of the second protective cover and the mounting base are respectively in the normal sitting position
  • the projections of the median sagittal plane of the occupant's head are all located within the projection range of the temporal bones of the occupant's head on the median sagittal plane, and the first pivot point and the second pivot point are the same or different.
  • the first protective cover includes a first rotating bracket
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes a holding mechanism
  • the holding mechanism includes:
  • the first card slot is provided on the mounting base and can cooperate with the first rotating bracket to maintain the normal position of the first protective cover;
  • the clamping structure is arranged between the first protective cover and the second protective cover, and is used to maintain the normal position of the second protective cover;
  • the first protective cover can drive the first rotating bracket to escape from the first slot when the deceleration of the vehicle in the traveling direction exceeds a preset threshold range; the second protective cover When the acceleration of the vehicle in the traveling direction exceeds a preset threshold range, the clamping structure can be disengaged.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes a rotation limit mechanism, and the rotation limit mechanism includes:
  • the second slot is provided on the mounting base and can cooperate with the first rotating bracket to limit the limit rotation position of the first protective cover as a blocking position of the first protective cover;
  • the supporting structure is arranged on the mounting base and can be against the outer shell of the second protective cover to limit the limit rotation position of the second protective cover as the blocking position of the second protective cover .
  • the moment of inertia of each of the at least one protective cover is less than the moment of inertia of the head of the occupant.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes:
  • the auxiliary driving mechanism is connected with the protective cover body, and is used for providing the protective cover body with an auxiliary driving function in the same inertial rotation direction as the protective cover body when the protective cover body is inertially moving.
  • the protective cover includes a protective cover, and the protective cover includes a channel at least from the top of the protective cover to a side of the protective cover corresponding to the blocking position;
  • the auxiliary drive mechanism includes:
  • the inertial body is located in the channel and is in sliding or rolling contact with the channel, and is configured to slide or roll relative to the channel under the action of inertia, and drive the protective cover to move to the blocking position.
  • the inertial body includes at least one spherical inertial body that can roll along the channel, and the channel is further provided with a receiving groove at the top of the protective cover for mounting When the body is in the normal position, the static state of the spherical inertial body in the channel is maintained.
  • the first end of the channel is located on the top of the protective cover
  • the second end is located on the side of the protective cover corresponding to the blocking position
  • the two ends of the channel are respectively located at the top of the protective cover.
  • the bottom surface of the passage is projected on the mid-sagittal plane of the head of the occupant in a normal sitting posture A straight or parabolic shape.
  • the channel includes a plurality of sub-channels parallel to each other, and each sub-channel is provided with a spherical inertial body.
  • the rotating connection mechanism includes:
  • the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting base;
  • the bearing is arranged between the rotating shaft and the protective cover.
  • the protective cover includes:
  • the hard protective shell is pivotally connected to the mounting base through the rotating connecting mechanism;
  • the inner lining is fixedly or detachably arranged on the side of the hard protective shell adjacent to the head of the occupant;
  • the inner liner includes a flexible energy-absorbing material for cushioning the head of the occupant.
  • the protective cover includes:
  • the protective cover further includes:
  • the inner lining is fixedly or detachably arranged on the side of the flexible protective net adjacent to the head of the occupant;
  • the inner liner includes a flexible energy-absorbing material for cushioning the head of the occupant.
  • the inner liner includes a plurality of flexible layers with the flexible energy-absorbing material, which are sequentially distributed along the direction of force when the occupant's head is blocked, and the adjacent flexible layers are detachable.
  • the occupant active safety protection device further includes:
  • a warning mechanism connected to the protective cover, is used when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range, and the occupant's head is in the inertial swing direction relative to the head position in the normal sitting posture When deviating from the preset distance, the occupant is warned.
  • the warning mechanism includes:
  • a flexible warning strip both ends of which are connected to the protective cover and straddle the front side of the occupant's head;
  • the distance between the flexible warning strip and the head of the occupant in a normal sitting position is less than or equal to the preset distance, so as to push the flexible warning strip forward when the occupant's head deviates forward from the preset distance, and
  • the flexible warning strip pulls the protective cover to rotate to the blocking position to realize the warning to the occupant.
  • a child safety seat which includes the aforementioned active safety protection device for occupants.
  • a vehicle seat including the aforementioned active safety protection device for occupants.
  • a vehicle including the aforementioned active safety protection device for occupants, the aforementioned child safety seat, or the aforementioned vehicle seat.
  • the connection mechanism enables the protective cover to rotate from the normal position to the blocking position that limits the inertial swing range of the occupant’s head under the action of inertia when the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle exceeds the preset threshold range, so as to achieve both
  • the active safety protection of the head and neck of the occupant of the tool reduces the restriction on the head and neck movement of the occupant in a normal sitting posture, and improves the comfort of the occupant.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation structure of some embodiments of an active safety protection device for occupants according to the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic diagrams of the forward protection shield 100 in the normal position 100A and the blocking position 100B in some embodiments of the occupant active safety protection device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the mounting base in some embodiments of the active safety protection device for occupants of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the hard protective shell of the forward protective shield 100 in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner lining of the protective cover 100 for forward protection in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the protective cover 100 for forward protection in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the protective cover 100 for forward protection in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible warning strip in some embodiments of the active safety protection device for occupants of the present disclosure
  • 14 and 15 are respectively structural schematic diagrams of different connection positions of the flexible warning strip and the inner lining in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 16 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the part selected by the dashed circle in FIG. 15;
  • Figures 17(a)-17(c) are respectively the disassembled structure of the blocking position limiting mechanism and the restoring mechanism, the cross-section of the normal position and the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the blocking position in other embodiments of the occupant active safety protection device of the present disclosure;
  • Figures 18(a)-18(d) are front and three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the protective cover in a normal position and a blocking position when the dummy is riding in a child safety seat equipped with an embodiment of the occupant active safety protection device of the present disclosure;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of other embodiments of the occupant active safety protection device according to the present disclosure.
  • Figure 20 (a) and Figure 20 (b) are schematic diagrams of the forward protective shield 100' in the embodiment of Figure 19 in the normal position 100A and the blocking position 100B;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of the protective cover 100' in the embodiment of FIG. 19;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of still other embodiments of the occupant active safety protection device according to the present disclosure.
  • Figures 23(a) and 23(b) are schematic diagrams of the rearward shielding shield 100" in the embodiment of Figure 22 in the normal position 100A' and the blocking position 100B' respectively;
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the protective cover 100" in the blocking position 100B' in the embodiment of FIG. 22;
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the embodiment in FIG. 22;
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hard protective shell of the protective cover 100" in the embodiment of FIG. 22;
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural view of the inner lining of the protective cover 100" in the embodiment of FIG. 22;
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the holding mechanism in the embodiment of Figure 28.
  • a specific device when it is described that a specific device is located between the first device and the second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.
  • the specific device When it is described that a specific device is connected to another device, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without an intermediate device, or may not be directly connected to the other device but has an intermediate device.
  • the occupant active safety protection device is used to actively protect the occupants of the vehicle, which includes at least one protective cover and Rotate the connecting mechanism 300.
  • the means of transportation can be a family car or a commercial car, a ship, a small or large aircraft, etc.
  • a family car is used as an example.
  • the occupants may include adults or children, and may be drivers of vehicles or general passengers.
  • the occupant active safety protection device may include a protection cover 100 or 100' for forward protection.
  • the occupant active safety protection device may include a protective cover 100" for rearward protection.
  • it includes both a first protective cover for forward protection (for example, The protective cover 100 or 100') further includes a second protective cover (for example, the protective cover 100") for rearward protection.
  • the protective cover 100 for forward protection as an example. 2(a) and 2(b), the protective cover 100 has a normal position 100A and a blocking position 100B.
  • the normal position 100A of the protective cover 100 refers to the position of the protective cover 100 when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range.
  • the preset threshold range for acceleration can be the same as that for deceleration.
  • the preset threshold range is the same or different.
  • the preset threshold range can be determined according to the degree of influence of the acceleration or deceleration value on the head and neck of the occupant.
  • the protective cover 100 in the normal position 100A can have a gap with the head of the occupant in a normal sitting posture, and is at least partially located above the head of the occupant.
  • FIGs 18(a) and 18(b) it can be seen that there is a large gap between the head of the dummy sitting in the child safety seat and the protective cover 100 in the normal position.
  • the free movement of the head does not cause restrictions, which can make the head and neck of the occupant more comfortable during normal riding, thereby increasing the willingness of the occupant to use the active safety protection device.
  • the protective cover 100 may be located above the head of the occupant in the normal sitting position as a whole, or partly located above the head of the occupant in the normal sitting position.
  • the blocking position 100B of the protective cover 100 refers to a position where the protective cover 100 can limit the inertial swing range of the occupant's head. It can be seen from Figure 18(c) and Figure 18(d) that the protective cover 100 in the blocking position 100B limits the forward swing range of the dummy head from the front of the dummy head, so that the dummy head The part swings to the inner lining of the protective cover 100 at most under the action of inertia, so that the neck whiplash caused by excessive forward bending of the head is avoided by restricting the swing range of the dummy head.
  • the center of gravity of the shield body in the normal position and the center of gravity in the blocking position may be located on both sides of a vertical plane passing through the rotation axis of the shield body. In this way, the protective cover can be maintained at the normal position on the side of the vertical plane away from the blocking position based on its own weight.
  • the protective cover 100 can be configured to move from the normal position under the action of inertia when the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a preset threshold range.
  • 100A rotates to the blocking position 100B.
  • a rotating connection mechanism 300 may be provided between the protective cover 100 and the mounting base 200 that is relatively stationary with the vehicle to achieve The rotation of the protective cover 100 relative to the mounting base 200.
  • the rotating connection mechanism may include a rotating shaft and a bearing.
  • the rotating shaft can be fixedly connected with the mounting base, and the bearing is arranged between the rotating shaft and the protective cover body, and the rotation resistance of the protective cover body relative to the mounting base can be reduced by using the bearing.
  • the rotating connection mechanism includes a rotating shaft 330, a sleeve 310 and a bearing 320.
  • the sleeve 310 is sleeved in the middle of the rotating shaft 330, and two ends of the rotating shaft 330 are respectively connected with two bearings 320.
  • the sleeve 310 may be supported on the mounting base.
  • the inner ring of the bearing 320 can be interference fit with the rotating shaft 330, and the outer ring is fixedly connected to the protective cover.
  • the mounting base 200 may be independent of the occupant's active safety protection device. The user can install the occupant active safety protection device to the installation base 200. In other embodiments, the mounting base 200 may also be one of the components of the occupant's active safety protection device.
  • the mounting base 200 may be made integrally with the headrest of the child safety seat located inside the vehicle.
  • the mounting base 200 includes a headrest housing 210, a headrest inner lining 240, a backing plate 230 and an adjusting handle 220.
  • the headrest shell 210 is arranged on the backrest 230 or is made integrally with the backrest 230, and the headrest inner liner 240 is arranged inside the headrest shell 210 and combined with the headrest shell 210.
  • the headrest shell 210 and the headrest inner liner 240 are both U-shaped, and can form a space for accommodating the head and upper torso of a child occupant.
  • the mounting base 200 can be detachably mounted on the child safety seat, and the height of the headrest housing 210 can be adjusted by adjusting the handle 220. In other embodiments, the mounting base can also be detachably provided on the headrest of the child safety seat.
  • the headrest housing 210 and the headrest inner liner 240 may be provided with a first mounting hole 251.
  • the rotating shaft 330 in the rotating connection mechanism is directly inserted or inserted into the first mounting hole 251 through the sleeve 310.
  • the mounting base can also be made integrally with the headrest of the seat located inside the vehicle or detachably arranged on the headrest of the seat, and its structure can refer to the child safety seat The head rests.
  • the mounting base can be detachably provided on the top of the inner side of the vehicle, for example, a frame is set on the top of a car, and the mounting base is set on the frame or the mounting base is integrated with the frame production.
  • the protective cover 100 includes a hard protective shell 110 and an inner liner 120.
  • the hard protective shell 110 is pivotally connected to the mounting base 200 through the rotating connection mechanism 300.
  • the inner liner 120 is fixedly or detachably arranged on the side of the hard protective shell 110 adjacent to the head of the occupant.
  • the hard protective shell 110 may be made of hard materials (for example, polycarbonate PC or hard aluminum alloy, etc.).
  • the hard protective shell 110 may include a top shell 111 on the top, two supporting shells 112 on both sides of the top shell 111, and two first rotating brackets 113.
  • the top shell 111 and the two supporting shells 112 can form a semi-enclosed hard shell structure, which has good strength and rigidity, and can maintain reliability when the deceleration of the vehicle exceeds a preset threshold range.
  • first rotating brackets 113 are fixed between the two supporting shells 112, and the end of each first rotating bracket 113 may be provided with a pivot structure 115.
  • the combined structure of the headrest housing 210 and the headrest inner liner 240 is located between the support housing 112 and the adjacent first rotating bracket 113.
  • a pivot structure 116 may also be provided at the lower end of the support housing 112, and the pivot structures 115 and 116 may be respectively fixed to the outer rings of the two bearings 320 at the two ends of the rotating shaft 330.
  • the inner liner 120 may include a plurality of flexible layers 121 having flexible energy-absorbing materials.
  • the multiple flexible layers 121 are sequentially distributed along the direction of force when blocking the head of the occupant, and the adjacent flexible layers 121 are detachable.
  • a plurality of grooves 121 can be provided on the outermost flexible layer 121 for inlay-fitting with the first rotating bracket 113 of the hard protective shell 110 and the like.
  • the rotational inertia of the protective cover in order to ensure that the protective cover rotates to the blocking position before the occupant's head, it is preferable to make the rotational inertia of the protective cover smaller than the rotational inertia of the occupant's head.
  • the mass of the protective cover can be further reduced to make it lighter than the mass of the occupant's head.
  • different protective covers can be selected according to the age of the occupants, or the quality of the protective cover can be made smaller than the head mass of the smallest age occupant who can ride on the seat, so as to improve The rotation sensitivity of the protective cover.
  • the weight of a newborn's head is about 0.9kg. For example, suppose that the minimum age occupant who can ride in the seat is about 10 months old, and the head mass is about 2kg, and the mass of the protective cover can be set to 0.5kg or 1kg accordingly.
  • an auxiliary driving mechanism may be further included in the occupant active safety protection device.
  • the auxiliary driving mechanism may be connected with the protective cover body, and is used to provide the protective cover body with an auxiliary driving function in the same inertial rotation direction as the protective cover body when the protective cover body is inertially moving.
  • the protective cover 100 includes a channel at least from the top of the protective cover 100 to the side of the protective cover 100 corresponding to the blocking position.
  • the channel 125 is provided on the inner liner 120.
  • the channel 125 may be enclosed by a groove opened on the flexible layer 121 of the inner liner 120 and a closed shell 123 above the groove.
  • a top opening 117 can be provided on the top shell 111 of the hard protective shell 110 so that the closed shell 123 is embedded in the top opening 117 upward.
  • the hard protective shell 110 can also be provided with a breathable structure as required.
  • the channel may be provided in the hard protective shell 110, or between the hard protective shell 110 and the inner liner 120, or in the protective cover 100 except for the hard protective shell 110 and the inner liner. On other components other than 120.
  • the auxiliary driving mechanism includes an inertial body located in the passage 125, and the inertial body is in sliding or rolling contact with the passage.
  • the inertial body is configured to slide or roll relative to the channel under the action of inertia, and drive the protective cover body to move to the blocking position.
  • the movement of the inertial body in the channel can cause the center of gravity of the entire protective cover to change, and the collision between the inertial body and one end of the channel will also bring impulse and increase the turning speed of the protective cover.
  • the inertial body includes at least one spherical inertial body 130 that can roll along the channel, such as a metal ball.
  • the inertial body may also include inertial bodies of other shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a drum shape, an ellipsoid shape, and the like.
  • the channel 125 is also provided with a receiving groove 126 at the top of the lining 120 for maintaining the spherical shape when the protective cover 100 is in the normal position. The static state of the inertial body 130 in the passage 125.
  • the spherical inertial body is held by the receiving groove 126 when the protective cover is in the normal position.
  • the center of gravity of the spherical inertial body 130 is not enough to cross the receiving groove 126 notch.
  • the spherical inertial body 130 escapes from the receiving groove 126 under the action of inertia, and quickly impacts to the other end along the channel 125.
  • the receiving groove 126 may be configured as a circular arc groove that matches the contour of the spherical inertia body 130.
  • the first end of the channel 125 is located at the top of the liner 120, the second end is located on the side of the liner 120 corresponding to the blocking position, and the channel Two ends of 125 are respectively located on both sides of a vertical plane A (indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 10) passing through the rotation axis of the protective cover.
  • the spherical inertial body 130 leaves the receiving groove 126, it quickly passes through the vertical plane A, and the overall center of gravity of the protective cover is adjusted to the side adjacent to the blocking position.
  • the gravity of the protective cover can also provide rapid rotation for the protective cover The torque.
  • the first end of the passage 125 is preferably lower than the highest point of the passage 125, so that the spherical inertial body 130 automatically returns to the receiving groove 126 at the first end under its own weight.
  • the highest point of the channel 125 may be the channel position corresponding to the vertical plane A, or may be the other end of the channel 125.
  • the projection of the bottom surface of the channel 125 on the mid-sagittal plane of the head of the occupant in a normal sitting posture may be a straight line. Since the linear distance is the shortest, the time for the spherical inertial body 130 to reach the second end can be reduced.
  • the projection can also be parabolic, and the parabolic shape can be consistent with the parabolic trajectory of the spherical inertial body 130, thereby reducing the loss of kinetic energy during the movement of the spherical inertial body.
  • the channel 125 includes a plurality of sub-channels parallel to each other, and a spherical inertial body 126 may be provided in each sub-channel.
  • the spherical inertial bodies in the multiple sub-channels can increase the impact effect and also improve the reliability of use. Even if some spherical inertial bodies are stuck, other spherical inertial bodies can also achieve auxiliary driving effects.
  • the front side of the inner liner 120 can be provided with an indentation gap 124, which can be used to prevent the protective cover 100 from turning forward and squeezing the occupant when the occupant changes its normal sitting posture and causes the head to tilt too forward.
  • the bridge of the nose causes discomfort.
  • the hard protective shell 110 can also be provided with a notch 118 with a matching shape at a position corresponding to the inner recessed notch 124.
  • the occupant active safety protection device may further include a holding mechanism.
  • the holding mechanism can be made integrally with the protective cover body or operably connected with the protective cover body, and is used to keep the protective cover body in the state when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range. Normal position.
  • the holding mechanism includes a first slot, which is provided on the mounting base and can cooperate with the first rotating bracket to hold the protective cover Normal position of 100.
  • the first rotating bracket 113 includes a supporting cross bar 114 fixedly connected to the supporting housing 112.
  • the upper edge of the headrest housing 210 of the mounting base 200 is provided with a clamping groove 212
  • the upper edge of the headrest lining 240 is provided with a clamping groove 241, so that the headrest housing 210 and the headrest lining 240
  • the combined structure forms the first slot on the mounting base.
  • the protective cover 100 can drive the supporting crossbar 114 of the first rotating bracket 113 to escape from the first slot under the action of inertia.
  • the rotation limiting mechanism includes a second slot 241 provided on the mounting base.
  • the second slot 241 can cooperate with the first rotating bracket 113 to limit the limit rotation position of the protective cover 100 as a blocking position of the protective cover 100.
  • the second slot 241 may be provided on the upper edge of the headrest housing 210, which is located on the front side of the first slot.
  • the support bar 114 on the first rotating bracket 113 can be locked into the second slot 241 when the protective cover 100 rotates to the blocking position, and cannot continue to rotate downward under the restriction of the second slot 241, thereby avoiding protection
  • the cover 100 rotates excessively and deviates from the proper blocking position of the occupant's head.
  • the protective cover When the car triggers the occupant's active safety protection device due to emergency situations such as sudden braking or forward collision, the protective cover quickly rotates to the blocking position to protect the occupant's head. When the critical situation is removed, the occupant or other occupants using the occupant active safety protection device can manually turn the protective cover back to the normal position so that it can be used normally.
  • the occupant active safety protection device may further include a reset mechanism.
  • the reset mechanism is operatively connected to the protective cover body, and is used to return the protective cover body in the blocking position to the protective cover when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range.
  • the reset mechanism can be realized by a spring (such as a tension spring or a torsion spring) connected between the protective cover body and the mounting base, and the elastic force of the spring is used to provide the protective cover body with a torque to return to a normal position.
  • the occupant's active safety protection device may further include: a holding reset mechanism and a blocking position restriction mechanism.
  • the maintaining and resetting mechanism is operatively connected with the protective cover body, and is used to keep the protective cover body in the normal position in the normal position when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range, And when the protective cover in the blocking position is released from the restriction of the blocking position restriction mechanism, the protective cover is returned to the normal position.
  • the center of gravity of the protective cover body in the normal position can be on a vertical plane passing through the rotation axis of the protective cover body.
  • the holding and returning mechanism includes a tension spring 119a.
  • One end of the tension spring 119a can be connected to the protective cover, and the other end is connected to the mounting base.
  • the inner side of the supporting shell 112 of the protective cover 100 can be provided with a mounting post 119b, one end of the tension spring 119a can be fixed to the mounting post 119b, and the other end is connected to the headrest shell 210 of the mounting base.
  • the tension spring 119 can keep the protective cover in the normal position when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range.
  • the protective cover 100 rotates forward because the deceleration exceeds the preset threshold range, the protective cover 100 can stretch and bend the tension spring 119a; when the vehicle stops or returns to a deceleration that does not exceed the preset
  • the threshold range is set, if the protective cover body 119a is not restricted by the blocking position restriction mechanism, the tension spring 119a can rotate the protective cover body 100 upward through its own elastic force to return to the normal position.
  • the lower end of the supporting housing 112 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 17( a) may not be provided with the pivot structure 116.
  • the tension spring 119a can be used as both a return mechanism and a holding mechanism.
  • the tension spring 119a can also absorb the energy of the occupant’s head impacting the protective hood in the blocking position when the protective cover rotates forward, reduce the angular velocity of the occupant’s head when it rotates, and reduce the head injury of the occupant. .
  • the blocking position restriction mechanism is connected between the protective cover and the mounting base, and is used for restricting the position of the protective cover rotated to the blocking position.
  • the blocking position limiting mechanism may include at least two telescopic sleeves.
  • the at least two telescopic sleeves have a telescopic limit structure, which can lock the telescopic length of the at least two sleeves after the at least two sleeves are extended to the maximum allowable length.
  • the two-section telescopic sleeve includes: a telescopic inner rod 1131 and a telescopic outer tube 1132.
  • the telescopic outer tube 1132 is sleeved outside the telescopic inner rod 1131, and the telescopic inner rod 1131 can extend outward from the telescopic outer tube 1132 or retract inward.
  • the pivot structure 115 may be arranged at the lower end of the telescopic outer tube 1132, and the telescopic inner rod 1131 is fixedly connected to the top shell 111 and/or the support shell 112 of the hard protective shell.
  • An outer step 1133 and an elastic piece 1135 can be provided at the lower end of the telescopic inner rod 1131, and a bump 1134 can be provided on the elastic piece 1135.
  • An inner step matching the outer step 1133 can be provided at the upper end of the telescopic outer tube 1132, which can limit the maximum length of the telescopic inner rod 1131 when the telescopic inner rod 1131 extends outward.
  • the width of the outer step 1133 is larger than the width of the telescopic inner rod 1131 and the inner step, respectively, and smaller than the inner width of the telescopic outer tube 1132.
  • the convex point 1134 can be clamped on the upper end of the telescopic outer tube 1132 when the telescopic inner rod 1131 extends to the maximum length, so as to restrict the telescopic inner rod 1131 from retracting into the telescopic outer tube 1132.
  • the telescopic inner rod 1131 when the protective cover is in the normal position, the telescopic inner rod 1131 is partially retracted in the telescopic outer tube 1132 under the action of gravity, wherein the elastic pieces 1135 and the bumps 1134 are both located in the telescopic outer tube.
  • the protective cover rotates forward and is impacted by the occupant's head, the telescopic inner rod 1131 extends outward relative to the telescopic outer tube 1132.
  • the convex point 1134 of the elastic piece 1135 protrudes from the upper end of the telescopic outer tube 1132.
  • the outer step 1133 is blocked by the inner step so that the telescopic inner rod 1131 cannot continue to extend outward, and the convex point 1134 is stuck on the upper end of the telescopic outer tube 1132 under the action of the elastic piece 1135 to restrict the telescopic inner rod 1131 from expanding and contracting.
  • the outer tube 1132 retracts inside. In this way, the telescopic inner rod 1131 and the telescopic outer tube 1132 form a relatively fixed relationship.
  • the occupant's active safety protection device may also include a warning mechanism.
  • the warning mechanism is connected to the protective cover, and is used when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range, and the occupant's head deviates from the head position in the normal sitting posture along the inertial swing direction When the distance is preset, the occupant is warned.
  • Ways to warn the occupants include warning lights through warning lights, warning sounds or warning music through audio, or presentation of warning information on the control screen of the vehicle.
  • the sensor detects the position of the occupant's head, and when the position deviates to a certain degree, a warning mechanism is triggered to warn the occupant.
  • the warning mechanism may include a flexible warning strip 140. Both ends of the flexible warning strip 140 are connected to the protective cover 100 and straddle the front side of the occupant's head. The distance between the flexible guard strip 140 and the head of the occupant in a normal sitting position is less than or equal to the preset distance, so that when the occupant’s head deviates forward from the preset distance, the flexible guard strip 140 is pushed forward and passed The flexible warning strip 140 pulls the protective cover body to rotate to the blocking position to realize the warning to the occupant.
  • the flexible warning strip 140 may include a flexible metal cord 141 (for example, a steel cord), a buffer sleeve 142 and a length adjustment key 143.
  • the buffer sleeve 142 is sleeved on the flexible metal cord 141 and can be made of a relatively soft material (such as rubber, etc.).
  • the position of the buffer sleeve 142 is preferably set on the front side of the occupant's head, and its height can be between the highest point of the occupant's head and the height of the brow arch, so that the occupant's head can push the buffer sleeve 142 when moving forward.
  • the length adjustment key 143 can be connected to the two ends of the flexible metal rope 141. The distance between the buffer sleeve 142 and the occupant's head can be changed by adjusting the length adjustment key 143, so as to adapt to different sizes of occupant heads, and to achieve warning sensitivity. adjust.
  • the flexible warning strip 140 can be connected to the protective cover 100 with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. That is, at least two support rods 150 are provided on the inner side of the lining 120, and each support rod 150 is provided with a gap for the flexible warning strip 140 to pass through, and the length adjustment key 143 can be fixed to the inner lining or the hard protective shell. The rear part is exposed to facilitate user operation.
  • a roller 144 can be provided in the support rod 150 with reference to FIG.
  • the flexible metal rope 141 forms a rolling friction pair.
  • a roller 145 is arranged between the hard protective shell and the inner lining, which can guide the extension direction of the flexible metal rope 141 while forming a rolling friction pair with the flexible metal rope 141.
  • the mounting base 200 can adjust the height of the headrest housing 210 by adjusting the handle 220, so as to adapt to the head and neck protection of passengers of different heights and different ages.
  • the mounting base may further include a height adjustment structure.
  • the height adjustment structure can be connected to the rotation connecting mechanism, and is used to adjust the height of the rotation connecting mechanism to adjust the distance of the protective cover relative to the head of the occupant in the normal sitting posture.
  • the height adjustment structure of the rotating connection mechanism can be added by adding a height adjustment structure, so as to realize the height adjustment of the protective cover 100 to meet the requirements of passengers of different heights and different ages. Head and neck protection.
  • the protective cover may also adopt other structural forms.
  • the protective cover 100' can be configured with reference to the protective cover 100 in Figs. 1-18(d), and similar parts will not be repeated here.
  • the protective cover 100' may include a flexible protective net 111' and a rigid skeleton.
  • the flexible protective net 111' can be designed to adapt to the shape of the curvature of the occupant's head and have many ventilation holes.
  • the whole of the flexible protective net 111' can be injection molded from polystyrene (PP) and other related tough plastic materials, which has an elastic energy absorption effect.
  • PP polystyrene
  • the flexible protective net 111' can withstand the impact of the occupant's head and realize the cushioning of the occupant's head. Ensure that the occupant's head and neck are not injured.
  • the rigid skeleton can be fixedly connected to the two ends of the flexible protective net 111', and is pivotally connected to the installation base. In this way, the structure of the protective cover can be made lighter and less obstructing the sight of the occupant.
  • the rigid frame may include an outer support frame 112' located outside the mounting base and a first rotating bracket 113 located inside the mounting base.
  • the first rotating bracket 113 includes a support fixedly connected to the outer support frame 112' Crossbar 114.
  • pivoting structures 116 and 115 can be respectively provided, which can be respectively fixed to the outer rings of the two bearings 320 at the two ends of the rotating shaft 330 in FIG. 7.
  • an inner liner (not shown in the figure) may be provided on the side of the flexible protective net 111' adjacent to the head of the occupant.
  • the inner liner can be fixedly or detachably connected with respect to the flexible protective net 111'.
  • the inner liner may include a flexible energy-absorbing material for cushioning the head of the occupant.
  • the occupant's active safety protection device may include a protective cover for forward protection.
  • a single protective cover for forward protection may be provided, such as the protective cover 100 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the protective cover 100' in the embodiment of FIG. 19.
  • a single protective cover for rearward protection can also be provided, such as the protective cover 100" in the embodiment of FIG. 22.
  • the protective cover 100" for rearward protection as an example.
  • the protective cover 100" has a normal position 100A' and a blocking position 100B '.
  • the normal position 100A' of the protective cover 100" refers to the position of the protective cover 100" when the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle do not exceed the preset threshold range.
  • the protective cover 100" in the normal position 100A' can have a gap with the head of the occupant in a normal sitting posture, and is at least partially located above the head of the occupant.
  • the blocking position 100B' of the protective cover 100" refers to the position where the protective cover 100' can limit the inertial swing range of the occupant's head.
  • a supporting structure 241 can be provided on the mounting base. The supporting structure 241 can bear against the outer shell of the protective cover 100" to limit the limit rotation position of the protective cover 100" and the blocking position 100B' of the protective cover 100".
  • the protective cover 100 in the blocking position 100B' can limit the swing range of the back side of the head, so that the occupant's head swings back up to the inner lining of the protective cover 100" under the action of inertia, so that the dummy head
  • the limitation of the swing range of the head avoids whiplash injuries on the neck caused by excessive head extension when the vehicle is rear-end collision.
  • the protective cover 100 includes a hard protective shell 110" and an inner liner 120".
  • the hard protective shell 110" is pivotally connected to the mounting base 200 through the rotating connection mechanism 300.
  • the inner lining 120" is fixedly or detachably arranged on the side of the hard protective shell 110" adjacent to the occupant's head.
  • Hard can be made of hard materials (for example, polycarbonate PC or hard aluminum alloy, etc.).
  • the inner liner 120" may include a plurality of flexible layers 121" with flexible energy-absorbing materials. The multiple flexible layers 121" are sequentially distributed along the direction of force when blocking the occupant's head, and the adjacent flexible layers 121" are detachable.
  • auxiliary drive mechanism may or may not be provided on the upper part.
  • the hard protective shell 110" includes a top shell 111" on the top and two supporting shells 112" on both sides of the top shell 111".
  • the top shell 111" and the two supporting shells 112" can form a semi-enclosed hard shell structure with good strength and rigidity, and can maintain reliability when the acceleration of the vehicle exceeds a preset threshold range.
  • a pivoting structure 115” can be provided at the lower end of the support shell 112”, through which the rigid protective shell 110” can be integrally rotatably connected to the inner side of the headrest liner 240, so as to avoid the protective cover 100” The rotation interferes with the headrest liner 240.
  • the pivot structure 115" can be fixed to the outer ring of the bearing 320 at one end of the rotating shaft 330, respectively.
  • the occupant active safety protection device may include more than two protective covers, so as to block and protect the head of the occupant from more than two directions.
  • the occupant's active safety protection device includes a first protective cover (that is, the protective cover 100 in FIG. 1) that realizes forward protection and a second protective cover that realizes rearward protection (in FIG. 22).
  • the protective cover 100" ).
  • the first protective cover is configured to be used when the deceleration of the vehicle in the direction of travel exceeds a preset threshold range (for example, when the car is driving at a higher speed, it brakes sharply or a forward collision occurs) Forward inertial rotation to block the forward inertial swing of the occupant’s head.
  • the second protective cover is configured to move backward when the acceleration of the vehicle in the direction of travel exceeds a preset threshold range (for example, a car is rear-ended) Inertial rotation to block the backward inertial swing of the occupant’s head.
  • the head of the occupant can be blocked on the front side and the back side of the head of the occupant, so as to prevent the neck from being bent forward and overextending backward.
  • more protective covers may be used to achieve protection in other directions (for example, left or right) besides the front and rear directions of the head, so as to avoid lateral overextension of the neck.
  • the frontal and occipital bones of human beings are the direct force-receiving parts in the front and rear directions respectively.
  • the position of the temporal bone in the skull is almost in the center of the spherical skull. Therefore, referring to FIGS. 28 and 29, in some embodiments, the first pivot point C of the first protective cover (such as the protective cover 100) and the mounting base 200 and the second protective cover ( For example, the projections of the second pivot point D of the protective cover body 100") and the mounting base 200 respectively on the mid-sagittal plane of the head of the occupant in the normal sitting position are located at the center of the temporal bone of the head of the occupant. Within the projection range of the sagittal plane.
  • first pivot point C and the second pivot point D may be the same, that is, the first protective cover body and the second protective cover body share a pivot point.
  • first pivot point C is preferably different from the second pivot point D to facilitate the arrangement of the first protective cover body and the second protective cover body relative to the mounting base.
  • the protective cover 100 as the first protective cover can be used to assist the maintenance of the protective cover 100".
  • the holding mechanism includes a clamping structure, which is provided between the first protective cover and the second protective cover for maintaining the normal position of the second protective cover .
  • the second protective cover can disengage the clamping structure when the acceleration of the vehicle in the traveling direction exceeds the preset threshold range.
  • the hard protective shell 110" and the inner liner 120" are both provided with forward protrusions 118" and 124" on the front side, which can be combined into a forward protrusion with a certain thickness.
  • the back side of the inner liner 120 of the protective cover 100 in FIG. 29 can be provided with a card slot 127 which can be matched with the front projection.
  • the front protrusion can be inserted into the card slot 127 and the card slot 127 can hold the front protrusion.
  • the forward protrusion can be driven out of the slot 127 under the action of inertia.
  • the above-mentioned protective covers of various forms can be assembled or removed on the mounting base as required.
  • the various embodiments of the active safety protection device for occupants of the present disclosure described above can be applied to child safety seats, vehicle seats, or vehicles.
  • the present disclosure provides a child safety seat, a vehicle seat and a vehicle, all of which may include any of the foregoing embodiments of the occupant active safety protection device.
  • the vehicle of the present disclosure may also include the aforementioned child safety seat or the aforementioned vehicle seat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆。乘员主动安全防护装置用于对乘坐交通工具的乘员进行主动性的安全防护，包括：至少一个防护罩体（100、100'、100''），具有常态位置（100A）和阻挡位置（100B），处于所述常态位置（100A）的所述防护罩体（100、100'、100''）能够与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于所述乘员头部的上方，处于所述阻挡位置（100B）的所述防护罩体（100、100'、100''）能够限制所述乘员头部惯性摆动范围；和转动连接机构（300），设置在所述防护罩体（100、100'、100''）和与所述交通工具相对静止的安装基座（200）之间，用于实现所述防护罩体（100、100'、100''）相对于所述安装基座（200）的转动；其中，所述防护罩体（100、100'、100''）被配置为在所述交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，能够在惯性作用下从所述常态位置（100A）转动到所述阻挡位置（100B）。

Description

乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以CN申请号为201910697759.2，申请日为2019年7月31日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及乘员安全防护领域，尤其涉及一种乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆。
背景技术
在乘员乘坐交通工具发生急刹车、前向碰撞或后向碰撞时，佩戴安全带的乘员的躯体受到安全带的约束而实现较小的运动位移，而乘员的头部因缺乏合适的约束而相对于躯体发生较大幅度的前倾或后倾，容易造成颈部损伤，尤其对颈部脆弱的婴幼儿来说是较严重的安全威胁。
在一些相关技术中，在通过安全带限制乘员躯体的同时，通过固定式保护装置对乘员的头颈部进行固定，来限制头颈部的运动。在另一些相关技术中，给乘员佩戴头环或头盔，并在头环或头盔的后边与座椅之间设置绳索来实现急刹车或前向碰撞时的头部前向运动限制。
发明内容
经发明人研究发现，相关技术中的头部或颈部保护装置在约束头部或颈部时，容易造成乘员在佩戴舒适感或头颈部自由运动方面的不适，导致乘员缺乏佩戴保护装置的意愿。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆，能够既实现乘员乘坐交通工具时的头颈部安全防护，也改善乘员的使用舒适度。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种乘员主动安全防护装置，用于对乘坐交通工具的乘员进行主动性的安全防护，包括：
至少一个防护罩体，具有常态位置和阻挡位置，处于所述常态位置的所述防护罩 体能够与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于所述乘员头部的上方，处于所述阻挡位置的所述防护罩体能够限制所述乘员头部惯性摆动范围；和
转动连接机构，设置在所述防护罩体和与所述交通工具相对静止的安装基座之间，用于实现所述防护罩体相对于所述安装基座的转动；
其中，所述防护罩体被配置为在所述交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，能够在惯性作用下从所述常态位置转动到所述阻挡位置。
在一些实施例中，还包括所述安装基座；其中，
所述安装基座与位于所述交通工具内部的座椅的头靠一体制成或可拆地设置在所述座椅的头靠上；
所述安装基座与位于所述交通工具内部的儿童安全座椅的头靠一体制成或可拆地设置在所述儿童安全座椅的头靠上；
所述安装基座可拆地设置在所述交通工具的内侧顶部。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括：
保持机构，与所述防护罩体一体制成或与防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时使所述防护罩体保持在常态位置。
在一些实施例中，所述防护罩体处于所述常态位置的重心和处于所述阻挡位置的重心分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面的两侧。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括：
复位机构，与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于所述阻挡位置的所述防护罩体返回所述防护罩体的常态位置。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括：
阻挡位置限制机构，连接在所述防护罩体和所述安装基座之间，用于对转动到阻挡位置的所述防护罩体进行位置限制；
保持复位机构，与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于常态位置的所述防护罩体在常态位置保持，以及在处于阻挡位置的所述防护罩体被解除所述阻挡位置限制机构的限制时使所述防护罩体返回常态位置；
其中，处于所述常态位置的所述防护罩体的重心位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面。
在一些实施例中，所述阻挡位置限制机构包括：
至少两节伸缩套管，具有伸缩限位结构，能够在所述至少两节套管伸长到最大允许长度后对所述至少两节套管伸缩长度进行锁定；
所述保持复位机构包括：
拉伸弹簧，一端与所述防护罩体连接，另一端与所述安装基座连接。
在一些实施例中，所述复位机构包括：
拉伸弹簧，一端与所述防护罩体连接，另一端与所述安装基座连接。
在一些实施例中，所述安装基座还包括：
高度调节结构，与所述转动连接机构连接，用于调整所述转动连接机构的高度，来调整所述防护罩体相对于所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个防护罩体包括：
第一防护罩体，被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围时向前惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向前的惯性摆动；和
第二防护罩体，被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围时向后惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向后的惯性摆动。
在一些实施例中，所述第一防护罩体与所述安装基座的第一枢接点和所述第二防护罩体与所述安装基座的第二枢接点分别在所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影均位于所述乘员头部的颞骨在所述正中矢状面的投影范围内，且所述第一枢接点与所述第二枢接点相同或不同。
在一些实施例中，所述第一防护罩体包括第一旋转支架，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括保持机构，所述保持机构包括：
第一卡槽，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第一旋转支架配合来保持所述第一防护罩体的常态位置；
卡接结构，设置在所述第一防护罩体和所述第二防护罩体之间，用于保持所述第二防护罩体的常态位置；
其中，所述第一防护罩体能够在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围时，带动所述第一旋转支架脱离所述第一卡槽；所述第二防护罩体能够在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围时，脱开所述卡接结构。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括转动限位机构，所述转动限位机构包括：
第二卡槽，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第一旋转支架配合来限制所述第一防护罩体的极限转动位置作为所述第一防护罩体的阻挡位置；
顶靠结构，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第二防护罩体的外壳顶靠来限制所述第二防护罩体的极限转动位置作为所述第二防护罩体的阻挡位置。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个防护罩体中的每个防护罩体的转动惯量小于所述乘员头部的转动惯量。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括：
辅助驱动机构，与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述防护罩体惯性运动时，向所述防护罩体提供与所述防护罩体惯性转动方向相同的辅助驱动作用。
在一些实施例中，所述防护罩体包括防护罩体，所述防护罩体包括至少从所述防护罩体的顶部到所述防护罩体对应所述阻挡位置的一侧的通道；所述辅助驱动机构包括：
惯性体，位于所述通道内，且与所述通道滑动或滚动接触，被配置为在惯性作用下相对于所述通道滑动或滚动，并带动所述防护罩体运动到所述阻挡位置。
在一些实施例中，所述惯性体包括沿所述通道可滚动的至少一个球形惯性体，所述通道在所述防护罩体的顶部的位置还设有容纳槽，用于在所述防护罩体处于常态位置时，维持所述球形惯性体在所述通道内的静止状态。
在一些实施例中，所述通道的第一端位于所述防护罩体的顶部，第二端位于所述防护罩体对应所述阻挡位置的一侧，且所述通道的两端分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面的两侧，且所述第一端低于所述通道的最高点，所述通道的底面在处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影呈直线或抛物线形。
在一些实施例中，所述通道包括多个相互平行的子通道，每个子通道内设有一个球形惯性体。
在一些实施例中，所述转动连接机构包括：
转轴，与所述安装基座固定连接；和
轴承，设置在所述转轴和所述防护罩体之间。
在一些实施例中，所述防护罩体包括：
硬质防护壳，通过所述转动连接机构与所述安装基座枢接；
内衬，固定或可拆地设置在所述硬质防护壳邻近所述乘员头部的一侧；
其中，所述内衬包括柔性吸能材料，用于对所述乘员头部进行缓冲。
在一些实施例中，所述防护罩体包括：
柔性防护网；和
硬质骨架，与所述柔性防护网固定连接，并与所述安装基座枢接。
在一些实施例中，所述防护罩体还包括：
内衬，固定或可拆地设置在所述柔性防护网邻近所述乘员头部的一侧；
其中，所述内衬包括柔性吸能材料，用于对所述乘员头部进行缓冲。
在一些实施例中，所述内衬包括多个具有所述柔性吸能材料的柔性层，沿阻挡所述乘员头部时的受力方向依次分布，且相邻的柔性层可拆卸。
在一些实施例中，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括：
警示机构，与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围，且所述乘员头部相对于常态坐姿下的头部位置沿惯性摆动方向偏离预设距离时，对所述乘员进行警示。
在一些实施例中，所述警示机构包括：
柔性警戒条，两端均与所述防护罩体连接，并横跨在所述乘员头部的前侧；
其中，所述柔性警戒条与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离小于等于所述预设距离，以便在所述乘员头部向前偏离预设距离时推动所述柔性警戒条向前移动，并通过所述柔性警戒条牵引所述防护罩体向所述阻挡位置转动来实现对所述乘员的警示。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种儿童安全座椅，包括前述的乘员主动安全防护装置。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种车辆座椅，包括前述的乘员主动安全防护装置。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种车辆，包括前述的乘员主动安全防护装置、前述的儿童安全座椅或前述的车辆座椅。
因此，根据本公开实施例，使防护罩体在常态位置下与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于乘员头部上方，并通过在安装基座和防护罩体之间设置转动连接机构，使得防护罩体能够在交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，在惯性作用下从常态位置转动到限制乘员头部惯性摆动范围的阻挡位置，从而既能够实现对乘坐交通工具的乘员头颈部的主动性安全防护，并减少对常态坐姿下的乘员头颈部运动的限制，提高乘员的舒适感。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本公开的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例的安装结构示意图；
图2(a)和图2(b)分别是本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100在常态位置100A和阻挡位置100B的示意图；
图3是图1实施例的分解结构示意图；
图4是本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例中安装基座的侧向结构示意图；
图5是图1实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100的硬质防护壳的结构示意图；
图6和图7分别是本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例中转动连接机构的立体结构和剖面结构的示意图；
图8是图1实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100的内衬的结构示意图；
图9是图1实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100的竖直方向剖面示意图；
图10是图1实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100的水平方向剖面示意图；
图11和图12分别是图1实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100的分别在阻挡位置和常态位置的转动限位机构示意图；
图13是本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例中柔性警戒条的结构示意图；
图14和图15分别是图1实施例中柔性警戒条与内衬的不同连接位置的结构示意图；
图16是图15中虚线圈选部分的放大示意图；
图17(a)-图17(c)分别是本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的另一些实施例中阻挡位置限制机构和保持复位机构的分解结构、常态位置的剖面和阻挡位置的剖面示意图；
图18(a)-图18(d)是假人乘坐在安装有本公开乘员主动安全防护装置实施例的儿童安全座椅时防护罩体分别处于常态位置和阻挡位置的正面和立体示意图；
图19是根据本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的另一些实施例的安装结构示意图；
图20(a)和图20(b)分别是图19实施例中前向防护的防护罩体100'在常态位置100A和阻挡位置100B的示意图；
图21是图19实施例中防护罩体100'的结构示意图；
图22是根据本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的再一些实施例的安装结构示意图；
图23(a)和图23(b)分别是图22实施例中后向防护的防护罩体100”在常态位置100A'和阻挡位置100B'的示意图；
图24是图22实施例中防护罩体100”在阻挡位置100B'的局部剖面示意图；
图25是图22实施例的分解结构示意图；
图26是图22实施例中防护罩体100”的硬质防护壳的结构示意图；
图27是图22实施例中防护罩体100”的内衬的结构示意图；
图28是根据本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的又一些实施例的安装结构示意图；
图29是图28实施例中保持机构的结构示意图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。对示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。本公开可以以许多不同的形式实现，不限于这里所述的实施例。提供这些实施例是为了使本公开透彻且完整，并且向本领域技术人员充分表达本公开的范围。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、材料的组分、数字表达式和数值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指在该词前的要素涵盖在该词后列举的要素，并不排除也涵盖其他要素的可能。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。
本公开使用的所有术语(包括技术术语或者科学术语)与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同，除非另外特别定义。还应当理解，在诸如通用字典中定义的术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应 用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
如图1所示，是根据本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的一些实施例的安装结构示意图。参考图1，并结合参考图2(a)到图29，在一些实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置用于对乘坐交通工具的乘员进行主动性的安全防护，其包括至少一个防护罩体和转动连接机构300。交通工具可以为家用汽车或商用汽车、轮船、小型或大型飞行器等。后文中为方便描述，均以家用汽车为例进行说明。乘员可以包括成人或儿童，可以为交通工具的驾驶者或一般乘坐者。
在图1和图19分别对应的实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置可包括一个实现前向防护的防护罩体100或100'。在图22对应的实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置可以包括实现后向防护的防护罩体100”。在图28对应的实施例中，既包括实现前向防护的第一防护罩体(例如防护罩体100或100')，又包括实现后向防护的第二防护罩体(例如防护罩体100”)。
以实现前向防护的防护罩体100为例。参考图2(a)和图2(b)，防护罩体100具有常态位置100A和阻挡位置100B。防护罩体100的常态位置100A是指防护罩体100在交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围内时的位置，这里针对于加速度的预设阈值范围可以与针对于减速度的预设阈值范围相同或不同。预设阈值范围可根据加速度或减速度的数值对乘员头颈部的影响程度进行确定。
处于所述常态位置100A的防护罩体100能够与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于所述乘员头部的上方。参考图18(a)和图18(b)，可以看到乘坐在儿童安全座椅中的假人的头部与常态位置的防护罩体100存在较大的间隙，对常态坐姿的假人的头部自由运动不造成限制，这样可使得乘员在常态乘坐时头颈部更加舒适，从而增加使用乘员主动安全防护装置的意愿。根据防护罩体100的安装位置，防护罩体100可以整体位于处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的上方，也可以有一部分位于处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的上方。
防护罩体100的阻挡位置100B是指防护罩体100能够限制所述乘员头部惯性摆动范围的位置。从图18(c)和图18(d)可以看到，处于阻挡位置100B的防护罩体100从假人头部的前方对假人头部的前向摆动范围进行了限制，使得假人头部在惯性作用下最多摆动到防护罩体100的内衬，这样通过对假人头部的摆动范围的限制避免了头 部的过度前屈所造成的颈部挥鞭伤。在一些实施例中，可使防护罩体处于所述常态位置的重心和处于所述阻挡位置的重心分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面的两侧。这样防护罩体可基于自重而保持在所述竖直平面远离阻挡位置一侧的常态位置。
为了利用处于阻挡位置的防护罩体100实现对乘员头颈部的保护，可配置防护罩体100在所述交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，能够在惯性作用下从常态位置100A转动到阻挡位置100B。而为了使防护罩体100能够在惯性作用下顺利地转动到阻挡位置100B，可以在防护罩体100和与所述交通工具相对静止的安装基座200之间设置转动连接机构300，以实现所述防护罩体100相对于所述安装基座200的转动。
参考图1、图3、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，转动连接机构可包括转轴和轴承。转轴可以与安装基座固定连接，轴承设置在所述转轴和所述防护罩体之间，利用轴承可以减小防护罩体相对于安装基座的转动阻力。在图6和图7中，转动连接机构包括转轴330、套筒310和轴承320。套筒310套在转轴330的中部，转轴330的两端分别与两个轴承320连接。套筒310可以支撑在安装基座上。轴承320的内圈可以与转轴330过盈配合，外圈与防护罩体固定连接。
在一些实施例中，安装基座200可以独立于乘员主动安全防护装置。用户可以将乘员主动安全防护装置安装到安装基座200。在另一些实施例中，安装基座200也可以是乘员主动安全防护装置的组成部分之一。
参考图1、图3和图4，在一些实施例中，安装基座200可以与位于所述交通工具内部的儿童安全座椅的头靠一体制成。在图3中，安装基座200包括头靠外壳210、头靠内衬240、靠板230和调整拉手220。头靠外壳210设置在靠板230上或与靠板230一体制成，头靠内衬240设置在头靠外壳210的内侧，并与所述头靠外壳210进行组合。头靠外壳210和头靠内衬240均呈U型，可以形成容纳儿童乘员头部和上部躯干的空间。参考图18(a)，安装基座200可以可拆地安装在儿童安全座椅上，且可通过调整拉手220调整头靠外壳210的高度。在另一些实施例中，安装基座也可以可拆地设置在所述儿童安全座椅的头靠上。
在图3中，头靠外壳210和头靠内衬240上可设置第一安装孔251。转动连接机构中的转轴330直接穿设或者通过套筒310穿设在第一安装孔251内。
在一些实施例中，安装基座还可以与位于所述交通工具内部的座椅的头靠一体制 成或可拆地设置在所述座椅的头靠上，其结构可参考儿童安全座椅的头靠。在另一些实施例中，安装基座可以可拆地设置在所述交通工具的内侧顶部，例如在汽车顶部设置框架，并将安装基座设置在该框架上或者使安装基座与该框架一体制成。
参考图3、图5和图8，在一些实施例中，防护罩体100包括：硬质防护壳110和内衬120。硬质防护壳110通过转动连接机构300与安装基座200枢接。内衬120固定或可拆地设置在所述硬质防护壳110邻近所述乘员头部的一侧。硬质防护壳110可采用硬质材料(例如聚碳酸酯PC或硬质铝合金等)制成。
在图5中，硬质防护壳110可以包括位于顶部的顶部壳体111、位于顶部壳体111两侧的两个支撑壳体112和两个第一旋转支架113。顶部壳体111和两个支撑壳体112可以形成半包围式的硬壳结构，具有良好的强度和刚度，能够在交通工具的减速度超出预设阈值范围时保持可靠性。
两个第一旋转支架113固定在两个支撑壳体112之间，每个第一旋转支架113的末端可设有枢转结构115。头靠外壳210和头靠内衬240的组合结构位于支撑壳体112与相邻的第一旋转支架113之间。在支撑壳体112的下端也可以设置枢转结构116，枢转结构115和116可以分别与转轴330的两端的两个轴承320的外圈进行固定。
参考图8，在一些实施例中，内衬120可以包括多个具有柔性吸能材料的柔性层121。多个柔性层121沿阻挡所述乘员头部时的受力方向依次分布，且相邻的柔性层121可拆卸。在图8中，在最外层的柔性层121上可设置多个沟槽121，用于与硬质防护壳110的第一旋转支架113等进行镶嵌配合。
对于防护罩体来说，为了确保防护罩体先于乘员头部转动到阻挡位置，优选使防护罩体的转动惯量小于乘员头部的转动惯量。根据转动惯量的计算公式I＝mr 2(I为转动惯量，m为刚体质量，r为质点到转轴的距离)和角加速度的计算公式β＝r*F/mr 2＝F/mr(F为外力)，由于交通工具发生前向或后向碰撞时，乘员头部和防护装置受到的外力基本相同，而在相同的碰撞时间内，质量相对较小的物体绕固定轴线转动的角加速度更大。因此，在一些实施例中，可进一步减轻防护罩体的质量，以使其轻于乘员头部质量。
考虑到不同岁数的乘员头部质量可能会发生变化，可以根据乘员年龄选择配置不同的防护罩体，也可以使防护罩体的质量小于可乘坐座椅的最小岁数乘员的头部质量，以便提升防护罩体的转动灵敏度。根据行业内测算，新生儿的头部重量约为0.9kg。那么举例来说，假设可乘坐座椅的最小岁数乘员为10个月左右的婴儿，其头部质量 约为2kg，相应地可将防护罩体的质量设置为0.5kg或1kg。
在另一些实施例中，也可以使防护罩体到转轴的距离小于乘员头部到颈部转点的距离，或者既使防护罩体的质量轻于乘员头部质量，又使防护罩体到转轴的距离小于乘员头部到颈部转点的距离。举例来说，假设最小岁数乘员的头部质量为2kg，头部到颈部转点的距离为0.1m，通过上述角加速度计算公式可知β＝5*F。如果将防护罩体的质量设置为1kg，使防护罩体到转轴的距离为0.05m，则可计算出β'＝20*F，为乘员头部转动的角加速度β的四倍。如果进一步减小防护罩体的质量或者减小防护罩体到转轴的距离，还可以进一步提高防护罩体从常态位置转动到阻挡位置的速度。
当然，防护罩体的质量和防护罩体到转轴的距离还需要兼顾结构形式、结构强度和防护罩体的常态保持等多方面的需要。在一些实施例中，为了提高防护罩体的转动速度，可以在乘员主动安全防护装置中进一步包括辅助驱动机构。辅助驱动机构可以与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述防护罩体惯性运动时，向所述防护罩体提供与所述防护罩体惯性转动方向相同的辅助驱动作用。
参考图8和图9，在一些实施例中，防护罩体100包括至少从所述防护罩体100的顶部到所述防护罩体100对应所述阻挡位置的一侧的通道。在图9中，通道125设置在内衬120上。具体地，通道125可通过在内衬120的柔性层121上开设的凹槽和凹槽上方的封闭壳123围成。相应地，在硬质防护壳110的顶部壳体111上可设置顶部开口117，以便封闭壳123向上嵌在顶部开口117内。另外，硬质防护壳110还可以根据需要设置透气结构。
在另一些实施例中，通道可以设置在硬质防护壳110内，或者设置在硬质防护壳110和内衬120之间，或者设置在防护罩体100中除了硬质防护壳110和内衬120之外的其他部件上。
辅助驱动机构包括位于所述通道125内的惯性体，该惯性体与所述通道滑动或滚动接触。惯性体被配置为在惯性作用下相对于所述通道滑动或滚动，并带动所述防护罩体运动到所述阻挡位置。惯性体在通道内的运动可以导致整个防护罩体的重心的变化，并且惯性体与通道一端的碰撞还会带来冲量，提高防护罩体的翻转速度。
在图9中，惯性体包括沿所述通道可滚动的至少一个球形惯性体130，例如金属滚珠等。在另一些实施例中，惯性体还可以包括其他形状的惯性体，例如长方体形、鼓形、椭球形等。以设置在内衬120上的通道126为例，通道125在所述内衬120的顶部的位置还设有容纳槽126，用于在所述防护罩体100处于常态位置时，维持所述 球形惯性体130在所述通道125内的静止状态。也就是说，球形惯性体在防护罩体处于常态位置时由容纳槽126进行保持，当交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，球形惯性体130的重心不足以越过容纳槽126的槽口。而当交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，则球形惯性体130在惯性作用下脱离容纳槽126，并沿通道125向另一端快速冲击。在一些实施例中，容纳槽126可以被构造成与球形惯性体130轮廓比较配合的圆弧形凹槽。
参考图9和图10，在一些实施例中，通道125的第一端位于所述内衬120的顶部，第二端位于所述内衬120对应所述阻挡位置的一侧，且所述通道125的两端分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面A(通过图10中虚线表示)的两侧。当球形惯性体130保持在位于通道125第一端的容纳槽126时，包括了球形惯性体130的防护罩体的整体重心处于远离阻挡位置的一侧，从而有利于在常态位置保持。而当球形惯性体130脱离容纳槽126后，迅速通过竖直平面A，防护罩体的整体重心则调整到邻近阻挡位置的一侧，防护罩体的自身重力也可以为防护罩体提供快速转动的扭矩。
在一些实施例中，优选使通道125的第一端低于所述通道125的最高点，以便使球形惯性体130在自重的作用下自动返回到第一端的容纳槽126内。通道125的最高点可以为竖直平面A对应的通道位置，也可以为通道125的另一端。参考图6，在一些实施例中，通道125的底面在处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影可呈直线。由于直线距离最短，可以减少球形惯性体130到达第二端的时间。在另一些实施例中，也可以使该投影呈抛物线形，该抛物线形可以与球形惯性体130的抛物线运动轨迹保持一致，从而减少球形惯性体运动过程中的动能损失。
参考图10，在一些实施例中，通道125包括多个相互平行的子通道，每个子通道内可设有一个球形惯性体126。多个子通道内的球形惯性体可以增加冲击效果，并且还能够提高使用可靠性，即便有个别球形惯性体被卡住，其他球形惯性体也能够实现辅助驱动作用。
另外，在图5和图8中，内衬120的前侧可设置内凹缺口124，可用于在乘员在改变常态坐姿造成头部过于前倾时，防止防护罩体100前向翻转挤压乘员的鼻梁而造成不适。相应地，硬质防护壳110在对应于内凹缺口124的位置也可设置形状相匹配的缺口118。
为了使防护罩体能够稳定可靠地保持在常态位置，在一些实施例中还可以在乘员主动安全防护装置中进一步包括保持机构。保持机构可以与所述防护罩体一体制成或 与防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时使所述防护罩体保持在常态位置。
参考图5、图9、图11和图12，在一些实施例中，保持机构包括第一卡槽，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第一旋转支架配合来保持防护罩体100的常态位置。在图9中，第一旋转支架113包括与支撑壳体112固定连接的支撑横杆114。在图11和图12中，安装基座200的头靠外壳210的上边缘设有卡槽212，头靠内衬240上边缘设有卡槽241，使得头靠外壳210和头靠内衬240的组合结构形成安装基座上的第一卡槽。当支撑横杆114卡入卡槽212和卡槽241时，卡槽212和卡槽241能够对支撑横杆114进行保持，从而实现防护罩体常态位置保持的功能。在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围时，防护罩体100可以在惯性作用下带动所述第一旋转支架113的支撑横杆114脱离所述第一卡槽。
防护罩体100的阻挡位置需要对乘员头部形成良好的支撑作用，因此该阻挡位置不能过低或过高，相应地，在一些实施例中，可以在乘员主动安全防护装置中进一步包括转动限位机构，以便对防护罩体极限转动位置进行限制。
参考图11和图12，在一些实施例中，转动限位机构包括设置在所述安装基座上的第二卡槽241。第二卡槽241能够与所述第一旋转支架113配合来限制所述防护罩体100的极限转动位置作为防护罩体100的阻挡位置。在图11和图12中，第二卡槽241可以设置在头靠外壳210的上边缘，其位于第一卡槽的前侧。第一旋转支架113上的支撑横杆114可以在防护罩体100转动到阻挡位置时卡入第二卡槽241内，并在第二卡槽241的限制下不能继续向下转动，从而避免防护罩体100过度转动而偏离乘员头部的合适阻挡位置。
当汽车因急刹车或前向碰撞等危急情况而触发乘员主动安全防护装置时，防护罩体迅速的转动到阻挡位置对乘员头部进行防护。当危急情况解除时，使用乘员主动安全防护装置的乘员或者其他乘员可以手动地将防护罩体转回常态位置，以便其能够正常使用。在一些实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置还可以包括复位机构。复位机构与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于所述阻挡位置的所述防护罩体返回所述防护罩体的常态位置。复位机构可采用连接在防护罩体和安装基座之间的弹簧(例如拉伸弹簧或扭簧)实现，利用弹簧的弹性力给防护罩体提供返回常态位置的扭矩。
参考图17(a)-图17(c)，在一些实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置还可以包括：保 持复位机构和阻挡位置限制机构。保持复位机构与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于常态位置的所述防护罩体在常态位置保持，以及在处于阻挡位置的所述防护罩体被解除所述阻挡位置限制机构的限制时使所述防护罩体返回常态位置。并且可将防护罩体在常态位置的重心处于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面。
在图17(a)中，保持复位机构包括拉伸弹簧119a。拉伸弹簧119a的一端可以与所述防护罩体连接，另一端与所述安装基座连接。防护罩体100的支撑壳体112的内侧可设置安装柱119b，拉伸弹簧119a的一端可以固定在安装柱119b上，另一端则连接在安装基座的头靠外壳210上。
拉伸弹簧119可以在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于常态位置的所述防护罩体在常态位置保持。另外，当防护罩体100因减速度超过预设阈值范围而向前转动时，防护罩体100可以使拉伸弹簧119a被拉伸和弯曲；当交通工具停稳或者恢复成减速度未超过预设阈值范围的状态时，如果防护罩体119a没有受到阻挡位置限制机构的限制，则拉伸弹簧119a可通过自身的弹力来使防护罩体100向上转动，以返回常态位置。相比于图5所示实施例的硬质防护壳110，图17(a)所示实施例中的支撑壳体112的下端可以不设置枢转结构116。
换句话说，该拉伸弹簧119a既能够作为复位机构，也能够作为保持机构。除此之外，拉伸弹簧119a还可以在防护罩体向前转动时吸收乘员头部冲击处于阻挡位置的防护罩体的能量，降低乘员头部转动时的角速度，减少乘员头部受到的伤害。
阻挡位置限制机构连接在所述防护罩体和所述安装基座之间，用于对转动到阻挡位置的所述防护罩体进行位置限制。参考图17(a)，在一些实施例中，阻挡位置限制机构可包括至少两节伸缩套管。该至少两节伸缩套管具有伸缩限位结构，能够在所述至少两节套管伸长到最大允许长度后对所述至少两节套管伸缩长度进行锁定。
在图17(a)中，两节伸缩套管可以用于实现第一旋转支架113的转动支撑作用，并且还能够配合拉伸弹簧119a实现前向阻挡时的缓冲作用。具体来说，该两节伸缩套管包括：伸缩内杆1131和伸缩外管1132。伸缩外管1132套在伸缩内杆1131的外部，伸缩内杆1131可从伸缩外管1132向外伸出或向内缩回。枢转结构115可设置在伸缩外管1132的下端，而伸缩内杆1131与硬质防护壳的顶部壳体111和/或支撑壳体112固定连接。
在伸缩内杆1131的下端可设置外台阶1133和弹片1135，在弹片1135上可设置 凸点1134。在伸缩外管1132的上端可以设置与外台阶1133配合的内台阶，能够在伸缩内杆1131向外伸出时对伸缩内杆1131的最大长度进行限制。外台阶1133的宽度分别大于伸缩内杆1131和内台阶的宽度，小于伸缩外管1132的内部宽度。
凸点1134在弹片1135的作用下，可以在伸缩内杆1131伸出最大长度时，卡在伸缩外管1132的上端，以限制伸缩内杆1131向伸缩外管1132内缩回。
参考图17(b)，当防护罩体处于常态位置时，伸缩内杆1131在重力作用下一部分缩回在伸缩外管1132内，其中弹片1135和凸点1134均位于伸缩外管内。当防护罩体向前转动且受到乘员头部冲击时，伸缩内杆1131相对于伸缩外管1132向外伸出。
参考图17(c)，当伸缩内杆1131伸出到一定距离后，弹片1135的凸点1134从伸缩外管1132的上端伸出。此时，外台阶1133被内台阶阻挡而使得伸缩内杆1131不能继续向外伸出，且凸点1134在弹片1135的作用下卡在伸缩外管1132的上端，以限制伸缩内杆1131向伸缩外管1132内缩回。这样伸缩内杆1131和伸缩外管1132就形成相对固定的关系。一方面可以防止拉伸弹簧119a被过度拉伸而失去工作效能，另一方面可以使拉伸弹簧119a在吸能后稳定在一个固定位置，防止其在弹力作用下自然缩回而造成乘员头部的二次伤害。
考虑到乘员乘坐在座椅或儿童安全座椅时可能不会时刻保持常态坐姿，例如儿童乘员头部可能会向前探出。如果探出距离达到或超出防护罩体的阻挡位置，则有可能影响防护罩体的防护作用，或者发生防护罩体对儿童乘员头部造成伤害等问题。因此，在一些实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置还可以包括警示机构。警示机构与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围，且所述乘员头部相对于常态坐姿下的头部位置沿惯性摆动方向偏离预设距离时，对所述乘员进行警示。
警示乘员的方式包括通过警示灯发出警示光线、通过音响发出警示声或警示音乐、或者在交通工具的操控屏幕上呈现标识警示的提示信息。例如通过传感器检测乘员头部的位置，当位置偏离到一定程度时，则触发警示机构对乘员进行警示。
在一些实施例中，也可以通过物理方式对乘员进行警示。参考图3、图9和图13，在一些实施例中，警示机构可包括柔性警戒条140。柔性警戒条140的两端均与所述防护罩体100连接，并横跨在所述乘员头部的前侧。柔性警戒条140与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离小于等于所述预设距离，以便在所述乘员头部向前偏离预设距离时推动所述柔性警戒条140向前移动，并通过所述柔性警戒条140牵引所述防护罩体向 所述阻挡位置转动来实现对所述乘员的警示。
参考图13，柔性警戒条140可以包括柔性金属绳141(例如钢丝绳)、缓冲套142和长度调节键143。缓冲套142套在柔性金属绳141上，可采用较柔软的材料(例如橡胶等)制成。缓冲套142的位置优选设置在乘员头部的前侧，其高度可位于乘员头部的最高点到眉弓所在高度之间，以便乘员头部能够在向前运动时推动缓冲套142。长度调节键143可以连接在柔性金属绳141的两端，通过长度调节键143的调节可改变缓冲套142相对于乘员头部的距离，以适应不同尺寸的乘员头部，以及实现警示灵敏性的调节。
柔性警戒条140可以参考图14和图15与防护罩体100进行连接。即，在内衬120的内侧设置至少两个支撑杆150，在每个支撑杆150设置供柔性警戒条140穿过的空隙，而长度调节键143可被固定在内衬或硬质防护壳的后部并露出，以方便用户进行操作。为了在缓冲套142受到前向挤压时，柔性警戒条140的柔性金属绳141能够迅速可靠地牵引防护罩体100向阻挡位置转动，可以参考图14在支撑杆150内设置滚轮144，能够与柔性金属绳141形成滚动摩擦副。另外还可以参考图16在硬质防护壳和内衬之间设置滚轮145，能够在与柔性金属绳141形成滚动摩擦副的同时，引导柔性金属绳141的延伸方向。
在图3中，安装基座200可通过调整拉手220调整头靠外壳210的高度，以便适应不同身高、不同年龄段的乘员的头颈部保护。在另一些实施例中，也可以使安装基座进一步包括高度调节结构。该高度调节结构可以与所述转动连接机构连接，用于调整所述转动连接机构的高度，来调整所述防护罩体相对于所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离。对于安装基座本身缺乏高度调整功能的实施例来说，可通过增设高度调节结构来对转动连接机构的高度调整，从而实现防护罩体100的高度调整，满足不同身高、不同年龄段的乘员的头颈部保护。
除了包括硬质防护壳的防护罩体，在另一些实施例中，防护罩体还可以采用其他的结构形式。参考图19-图21，防护罩体100'可参考图1-图18(d)中的防护罩体100进行设置，类似部分这里不再赘述。在图21中，防护罩体100'可包括柔性防护网111'和硬质骨架。柔性防护网111'可以被设计成适应乘员头部曲率的形状，且具有很多透气孔。柔性防护网111'的整体可由聚苯乙烯(PP)等相关具有韧性的塑胶料注塑成型，具有弹性吸能作用。当防护罩体100'的硬质骨架带动柔性防护网111'运动到乘员头部前侧的阻挡位置100B时，柔性防护网111'能够承受乘员头部的冲击，并实现乘员头 部的缓冲，确保乘员头颈部不会受到损伤。
硬质骨架可以固定连接在柔性防护网111'的两端，并且与所述安装基座进行枢接。这样可使得防护罩体结构更加轻巧，且对乘员视线的遮挡更少。在图21中，硬质骨架可包括位于安装基座外侧的外支撑架112'和位于安装基座内侧的第一旋转支架113，第一旋转支架113包括与外支撑架112'固定连接的支撑横杆114。在外支撑架112'和第一旋转支架113的下端可分别设置枢转结构116和115，其可以分别与图7中位于转轴330的两端的两个轴承320的外圈进行固定。
为了提升防护罩体100'对乘员头部的缓冲作用，还可以在柔性防护网111'邻近所述乘员头部的一侧设置内衬(图中未示出)。该内衬可以相对于柔性防护网111'固定或可拆地连接。内衬可包括柔性吸能材料，用于对所述乘员头部进行缓冲。其结构可参考前述对防护罩体100中的内衬的说明，这里不再赘述。
前面提到，乘员主动安全防护装置可包括前向防护的防护罩体。在一些实施例中，可以设置实现前向防护的单一防护罩体，例如图1实施例中的防护罩体100和图19实施例中的防护罩体100'。在另一些实施例中，还可以设置实现后向防护的单一防护罩体，例如图22实施例中的防护罩体100”。
以实现后向防护的防护罩体100”为例。参考图23(a)、图23(b)和图24，在一些实施例中，防护罩体100”具有常态位置100A'和阻挡位置100B'。防护罩体100”的常态位置100A'是指防护罩体100”在交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围内时的位置。处于所述常态位置100A'的防护罩体100”能够与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于所述乘员头部的上方。
防护罩体100”的阻挡位置100B'是指防护罩体100'能够限制所述乘员头部惯性摆动范围的位置。从图24可以看到，在安装基座上可以设置顶靠结构241。顶靠结构241能够与防护罩体100”的外壳顶靠来限制防护罩体100”的极限转动位置防护罩体100”的阻挡位置100B'。处于阻挡位置100B'的防护罩体100能够对头部后侧的摆动范围进行限制，使得乘员头部在惯性作用下最多向后摆动到防护罩体100”的内衬，这样通过对假人头部的摆动范围的限制避免了因交通工具被追尾时头部的过度后伸所造成的颈部挥鞭伤。
参考图25，在一些实施例中，安装基座200包括头靠外壳210、头靠内衬240、靠板230和调整拉手220。头靠外壳210和头靠内衬240上可设置第二安装孔252。转动连接机构中的转轴330直接穿设或者通过套筒310穿设在第二安装孔252内。
参考图25、图26和图27，在一些实施例中，防护罩体100包括：硬质防护壳110”和内衬120”。硬质防护壳110”通过转动连接机构300与安装基座200枢接。内衬120”固定或可拆地设置在所述硬质防护壳110”邻近所述乘员头部的一侧。硬质防护壳110”可采用硬质材料(例如聚碳酸酯PC或硬质铝合金等)制成。内衬120”可以包括多个具有柔性吸能材料的柔性层121”。多个柔性层121”沿阻挡所述乘员头部时的受力方向依次分布，且相邻的柔性层121”可拆卸。
对于防护罩体100”来说，为了确保防护罩体100”先于乘员头部转动到阻挡位置，优选使防护罩体100”的转动惯量小于乘员头部的转动惯量。在防护罩体100”上可以设置辅助驱动机构，也可以不设置辅助驱动机构。
参考图26，在一些实施例中，硬质防护壳110”包括位于顶部的顶部壳体111”和位于顶部壳体111”两侧的两个支撑壳体112”。顶部壳体111”和两个支撑壳体112”可以形成半包围式的硬壳结构，具有良好的强度和刚度，能够在交通工具的加速度超出预设阈值范围时保持可靠性。
在支撑壳体112”的下端可以设置枢转结构115”，通过该枢转结构115”可将硬质防护壳110”整体转动连接在头靠内衬240的内侧，以免防护罩体100”的转动与头靠内衬240发生干涉。枢转结构115”可以分别与转轴330一端的轴承320的外圈进行固定。
在一些实施例中，乘员主动安全防护装置可包括两个以上防护罩体，以便从两个以上的方向对乘员头部进行阻挡保护。例如在图28中，乘员主动安全防护装置包括分别实现前向防护的第一防护罩体(即图1中的防护罩体100)和实现后向防护的第二防护罩体(图22中的防护罩体100”)。第一防护罩体被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围(例如汽车在较高速度下行驶时急刹车或者发生前向碰撞)时向前惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向前的惯性摆动。第二防护罩体被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围(例如汽车被追尾)时向后惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向后的惯性摆动。
通过第一防护罩体和第二防护罩体的转动，可以在乘员头部的前侧和后侧阻挡乘员头部，避免颈部向前过屈和向后过伸。在另一些实施例中，可以通过更多的防护罩体实现除了头部前后方向之外的其他方向(例如左侧或右侧)的防护，从而避免颈部侧向过伸。
考虑到人类的额骨和枕骨分别是前后方向的直接受力部位。而颞骨在脑颅骨的位 置几乎处于球形脑颅骨的中心。因此参考图28和图29，在一些实施例中，所述第一防护罩体(例如防护罩体100)与所述安装基座200的第一枢接点C和所述第二防护罩体(例如防护罩体100”)与所述安装基座200的第二枢接点D分别在所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影均位于所述乘员头部的颞骨在所述正中矢状面的投影范围内。
在一些实施例中，可使得第一枢接点C与所述第二枢接点D相同，即第一防护罩体和第二防护罩体共用枢接点。而在另一些实施例中，优选使第一枢接点C与所述第二枢接点D不同，以方便第一防护罩体和第二防护罩体相对于安装基座的布置。
为了使防护罩体100”得以保持在常态位置，可以利用作为第一防护罩体的防护罩体100来辅助防护罩体100”的保持。参考图29，在一些实施例中，保持机构包括卡接结构，设置在所述第一防护罩体和所述第二防护罩体之间，用于保持所述第二防护罩体的常态位置。第二防护罩体能够在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围时，脱开所述卡接结构。
在图26和图27中，硬质防护壳110”和内衬120”在前侧部位均设有前向凸起118”和124”，两者可组合成具有一定厚度的前向凸块。而图29中防护罩体100的内衬120后侧可设置卡槽127，其能够与前向凸块进行配合。前向凸块可以插在卡槽127内，并由卡槽127对前向凸块进行保持。当防护罩体100'向后转动时，可以在惯性作用下带动前向凸块从卡槽127中脱出。
上述各种形式的防护罩体可以根据需要在安装基体上进行装配或卸除。上述本公开乘员主动安全防护装置的各实施例可被应用到儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅或者车辆内。相应的，本公开提供了一种儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅和车辆，都可以包括前面任一种乘员主动安全防护装置的实施例。本公开的车辆作为交通工具还可以包括前述的儿童安全座椅或前述的车辆座椅。
至此，已经详细描述了本公开的各实施例。为了避免遮蔽本公开的构思，没有描述本领域所公知的一些细节。本领域技术人员根据上面的描述，完全可以明白如何实施这里公开的技术方案。
虽然已经通过示例对本公开的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本公开的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换。本公开的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种乘员主动安全防护装置，用于对乘坐交通工具的乘员进行主动性的安全防护，包括：
    至少一个防护罩体，具有常态位置和阻挡位置，处于所述常态位置的所述防护罩体能够与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部存在间隙，且至少部分位于所述乘员头部的上方，处于所述阻挡位置的所述防护罩体能够限制所述乘员头部惯性摆动范围；和
    转动连接机构，设置在所述防护罩体和与所述交通工具相对静止的安装基座之间，用于实现所述防护罩体相对于所述安装基座的转动；
    其中，所述防护罩体被配置为在所述交通工具的加速度或减速度超出预设阈值范围时，能够在惯性作用下从所述常态位置转动到所述阻挡位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括所述安装基座；其中，
    所述安装基座与位于所述交通工具内部的座椅的头靠一体制成或可拆地设置在所述座椅的头靠上；
    所述安装基座与位于所述交通工具内部的儿童安全座椅的头靠一体制成或可拆地设置在所述儿童安全座椅的头靠上；
    所述安装基座可拆地设置在所述交通工具的内侧顶部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括：
    保持机构，与所述防护罩体一体制成或与防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时使所述防护罩体保持在常态位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述防护罩体处于所述常态位置的重心和处于所述阻挡位置的重心分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面的两侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括：
    复位机构，与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于所述阻挡位置的所述防护罩体返回所述防护罩体的常态位置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括：
    阻挡位置限制机构，连接在所述防护罩体和所述安装基座之间，用于对转动到阻挡位置的所述防护罩体进行位置限制；
    保持复位机构，与所述防护罩体可操作地连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围时，使处于常态位置的所述防护罩体在常态位置保持，以及在处于阻挡位置的所述防护罩体被解除所述阻挡位置限制机构的限制时使所述防护罩体返回常态位置；
    其中，处于所述常态位置的所述防护罩体的重心位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述阻挡位置限制机构包括：
    至少两节伸缩套管，具有伸缩限位结构，能够在所述至少两节套管伸长到最大允许长度后对所述至少两节套管伸缩长度进行锁定；
    所述保持复位机构包括：
    拉伸弹簧，一端与所述防护罩体连接，另一端与所述安装基座连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述安装基座还包括：
    高度调节结构，与所述转动连接机构连接，用于调整所述转动连接机构的高度，来调整所述防护罩体相对于所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述至少一个防护罩体包括：
    第一防护罩体，被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围时向前惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向前的惯性摆动；和
    第二防护罩体，被配置为在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围时向后惯性转动，以阻挡所述乘员头部向后的惯性摆动。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述第一防护罩体与所述安装基座的第一枢接点和所述第二防护罩体与所述安装基座的第二枢接点分别在所述常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影均位于所述乘员头部的颞骨在所述正中矢状面的投影范围内，且所述第一枢接点与所述第二枢接点相同或不同。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述第一防护罩体包括第一旋转支架，所述乘员主动安全防护装置还包括保持机构，所述保持机构包括：
    第一卡槽，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第一旋转支架配合来保持所述第一防护罩体的常态位置；
    卡接结构，设置在所述第一防护罩体和所述第二防护罩体之间，用于保持所述第 二防护罩体的常态位置；
    其中，所述第一防护罩体能够在所述交通工具在行驶方向的减速度超出预设阈值范围时，带动所述第一旋转支架脱离所述第一卡槽；所述第二防护罩体能够在所述交通工具在行驶方向的加速度超出预设阈值范围时，脱开所述卡接结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括转动限位机构，所述转动限位机构包括：
    第二卡槽，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第一旋转支架配合来限制所述第一防护罩体的极限转动位置作为所述第一防护罩体的阻挡位置；
    顶靠结构，设置在所述安装基座上，能够与所述第二防护罩体的外壳顶靠来限制所述第二防护罩体的极限转动位置作为所述第二防护罩体的阻挡位置。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述至少一个防护罩体中的每个防护罩体的转动惯量小于所述乘员头部的转动惯量。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括：
    辅助驱动机构，与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述防护罩体惯性运动时，向所述防护罩体提供与所述防护罩体惯性转动方向相同的辅助驱动作用。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述防护罩体包括至少从所述防护罩体的顶部到所述防护罩体对应所述阻挡位置的一侧的通道；所述辅助驱动机构包括：
    惯性体，位于所述通道内，且与所述通道滑动或滚动接触，被配置为在惯性作用下相对于所述通道滑动或滚动，并带动所述防护罩体运动到所述阻挡位置。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述惯性体包括沿所述通道可滚动的至少一个球形惯性体，所述通道在所述防护罩体的顶部的位置还设有容纳槽，用于在所述防护罩体处于常态位置时，维持所述球形惯性体在所述通道内的静止状态。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述通道的第一端位于所述防护罩体的顶部，第二端位于所述防护罩体对应所述阻挡位置的一侧，且所述通道的两端分别位于通过所述防护罩体转动轴线的竖直平面的两侧，且所述第一端低于所述通道的最高点，所述通道的底面在处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的正中矢状面的投影呈直线或抛物线形。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述通道包括多个 相互平行的子通道，每个子通道内设有一个球形惯性体。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述转动连接机构包括：
    转轴，与所述安装基座固定连接；和
    轴承，设置在所述转轴和所述防护罩体之间。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述防护罩体包括：
    硬质防护壳，通过所述转动连接机构与所述安装基座枢接；
    内衬，固定或可拆地设置在所述硬质防护壳邻近所述乘员头部的一侧；
    其中，所述内衬包括柔性吸能材料，用于对所述乘员头部进行缓冲。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述防护罩体包括：
    柔性防护网；和
    硬质骨架，与所述柔性防护网固定连接，并与所述安装基座枢接。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述防护罩体还包括：
    内衬，固定或可拆地设置在所述柔性防护网邻近所述乘员头部的一侧；
    其中，所述内衬包括柔性吸能材料，用于对所述乘员头部进行缓冲。
  23. 根据权利要求20或22所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述内衬包括多个具有所述柔性吸能材料的柔性层，沿阻挡所述乘员头部时的受力方向依次分布，且相邻的柔性层可拆卸。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，还包括：
    警示机构，与所述防护罩体连接，用于在所述交通工具的加速度和减速度均未超出预设阈值范围，且所述乘员头部相对于常态坐姿下的头部位置沿惯性摆动方向偏离预设距离时，对所述乘员进行警示。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的乘员主动安全防护装置，其中，所述警示机构包括：
    柔性警戒条，两端均与所述防护罩体连接，并横跨在所述乘员头部的前侧；
    其中，所述柔性警戒条与处于常态坐姿的乘员头部的距离小于等于所述预设距离，以便在所述乘员头部向前偏离预设距离时推动所述柔性警戒条向前移动，并通过所述柔性警戒条牵引所述防护罩体向所述阻挡位置转动来实现对所述乘员的警示。
  26. 一种儿童安全座椅，包括：权利要求1～25任一所述的乘员主动安全防护装置。
  27. 一种车辆座椅，包括：权利要求1～25任一所述的乘员主动安全防护装置。
  28. 一种车辆，包括：权利要求1～25任一所述的乘员主动安全防护装置、权利要求26所述的儿童安全座椅或权利要求27所述的车辆座椅。
PCT/CN2019/108099 2019-07-31 2019-09-26 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆 WO2021017133A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910697759.2 2019-07-31
CN201910697759.2A CN112297968A (zh) 2019-07-31 2019-07-31 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021017133A1 true WO2021017133A1 (zh) 2021-02-04

Family

ID=74228921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/108099 WO2021017133A1 (zh) 2019-07-31 2019-09-26 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112297968A (zh)
WO (1) WO2021017133A1 (zh)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4638510A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-01-27 Hubbard Robert P Neck protection device with occupant of a high performance vehicle
US20020043831A1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-04-18 Alsup Andrew Jackson Driver head restraint
WO2005023592A2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-03-17 Safety Dynamics, Llc Head restraint device with back member
WO2007038525A2 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-04-05 Sargent Leigh R Head and neck restraint system and device
CN103182968A (zh) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-03 潘韩飞 盔甲缓冲式汽车安全坐椅
CN103481980A (zh) * 2013-07-22 2014-01-01 宁波大学 一种抗头颈部损伤的保护装置及其使用方法
CN104042080A (zh) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-17 张良泉 头盔型颈椎保护枕
CN104802669A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 姜博仑 多功能安全座椅

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1119896A (en) * 1966-10-21 1968-07-17 Broderna 6 Hosson And Co Ab Improvements in or relating to children's car seats
KR100977375B1 (ko) * 2009-07-06 2010-08-20 김경이 헤드 보호장치를 갖는 어린이용 안전 시트
CN206426884U (zh) * 2016-05-17 2017-08-22 屈胜旗 车载座椅及其头颈部防护装置
CN210554334U (zh) * 2019-07-31 2020-05-19 珠海弘点科技有限公司 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4638510A (en) * 1985-11-29 1987-01-27 Hubbard Robert P Neck protection device with occupant of a high performance vehicle
US20020043831A1 (en) * 2000-07-18 2002-04-18 Alsup Andrew Jackson Driver head restraint
WO2005023592A2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-03-17 Safety Dynamics, Llc Head restraint device with back member
WO2007038525A2 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-04-05 Sargent Leigh R Head and neck restraint system and device
CN103182968A (zh) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-03 潘韩飞 盔甲缓冲式汽车安全坐椅
CN104042080A (zh) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-17 张良泉 头盔型颈椎保护枕
CN103481980A (zh) * 2013-07-22 2014-01-01 宁波大学 一种抗头颈部损伤的保护装置及其使用方法
CN104802669A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2015-07-29 姜博仑 多功能安全座椅

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112297968A (zh) 2021-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1933656B1 (en) Helmet
EP2368753B1 (en) Child safety seat with energy absorbing apparatus
US3860966A (en) Safety helmet
US7467824B2 (en) Safety seat
US20100259077A1 (en) Load limiting (energy management) child restraint seat
US20140053323A1 (en) Helmet with columnar cushioning
US20100102604A1 (en) Device for minimizing neck and head injury
US7404402B2 (en) Whiplash restrainer
JPH09500069A (ja) 自動車用子供シート
EP2982256A1 (en) Helmet
US5800012A (en) Impact pad for a safety seat
CN211493741U (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
CN210554334U (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
WO2021017133A1 (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
EP1784315A1 (en) Adaptive vehicle child restraint system
CN211684775U (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
CN112977202A (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
CN210652774U (zh) 头部安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅和车辆
WO2020199380A1 (zh) 颈部保护装置、车辆座椅、儿童安全座椅及车辆
SI9600306A (sl) Pripomoček za varovanje vratu voznika ali potnika, varovanega s čelado in varnostnim pasom
WO2019165829A1 (zh) 一种儿童汽车安全座
WO2014071828A1 (zh) 座椅辅助防护装置和儿童安全座椅
CN112977201A (zh) 乘员主动安全防护装置、儿童安全座椅、车辆座椅及车辆
KR101613244B1 (ko) 오토바이 안전장치
RU2554330C1 (ru) Устройство защиты головы и шеи

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19939624

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19939624

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19939624

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1