WO2021012358A1 - 一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机 - Google Patents

一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021012358A1
WO2021012358A1 PCT/CN2019/104845 CN2019104845W WO2021012358A1 WO 2021012358 A1 WO2021012358 A1 WO 2021012358A1 CN 2019104845 W CN2019104845 W CN 2019104845W WO 2021012358 A1 WO2021012358 A1 WO 2021012358A1
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Prior art keywords
ring
wind wheel
head body
dental drill
speed turbine
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PCT/CN2019/104845
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张福东
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北京东博牙科手机有限公司
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Publication of WO2021012358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012358A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/02—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools
    • A61C1/05—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools with turbine drive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/02—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools
    • A61C1/05—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools with turbine drive
    • A61C1/057—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools with turbine drive with means for preventing suction effect in turbine after deactivation of the drive air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/08—Machine parts specially adapted for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/08—Machine parts specially adapted for dentistry
    • A61C1/088—Illuminating devices or attachments

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a medical device, in particular to a high-speed turbine zero-back suction dental drill handpiece
  • the existing high-speed turbine dental drill handpiece includes a head body, a head cover, a drill bit, a front handle, a rear handle, and a gas-water joint. It is connected to the dental treatment machine to obtain compressed air and cooling pressure water for mobile phone work.
  • the front handle is the part held by the doctor.
  • the head body is equipped with a power wind wheel that can be driven by compressed air.
  • the power wind wheel is installed in the middle of the wind wheel shaft, supported by two bearings and damped by two O-shaped rubber rings.
  • the existing technology In order to prevent this suckback phenomenon that causes iatrogenic cross-infection, the existing technology generally adopts unilateral sealing.
  • Rubber or rubber sealing parts are arranged on the drill needle side of the head body, that is, on the outer circle or end surface of the wind wheel shaft, so that the rubber sealing parts are blown by the airflow and separated from the rotating wind wheel shaft during normal operation of the mobile phone.
  • the sealing element plays a braking and sealing role under the combined action of its own elasticity and the negative pressure of the wind wheel chamber to prevent the occurrence of suckback. See application number: CN201610046861.2.
  • One-sided sealing can only reduce the suction volume, and cannot achieve the goal of zero suction. In the water immersion test, the goal of zero suckback cannot be achieved.
  • dental treatment requires a design that can not only meet the requirements of clinical cutting, but also effectively prevent the occurrence of suckback, and also has the performance of resistance to wear and multiple high temperature sterilization, so as to prevent cross-infection.
  • the inventor provides a high-speed turbine zero-back suction dental drill handpiece, wherein the high-speed turbine zero-back suction dental drill handpiece includes a head cover, a head body, a drill bit, a power wind wheel, and a wind wheel shaft , Bearings, O-shaped sealing ring, O-shaped shock-absorbing ring, front handle, rear handle, water channel, air channel;
  • the water passage and the air passage are respectively sequentially connected with the rear handle, the front handle, and the nose body, and the opening of the air passage is located at the power wind wheel;
  • the head cover includes a head cover and a button
  • the button includes a button cover and a spring
  • an annular card slot is provided between the button cover and the head cover and located inside the head cover.
  • An O-shaped sealing ring is embedded in the annular groove, and the button cover and the head cover are slidingly sealed by the O-shaped sealing ring;
  • a one-way ball valve sealing device is provided in the center of the button cover
  • the head body is provided with a power wind wheel and a wind wheel shaft that drive the drill bit to rotate at a high speed, the wind wheel shaft is supported by the bearing, and an O-shaped damping ring is arranged between the bearing and the head body, The drill needle side of the head body and the outside are sealed in a centrifugal labyrinth type.
  • the one-way ball valve sealing device includes an exhaust hole in the center of the button cover, a valve body and a vent hole connecting the valve body and the rotor shaft chamber, and the valve body is provided There are valve balls.
  • the central vent hole of the button cover can be a plurality of symmetrically distributed small holes to avoid bad feeling to the fingers when pressed.
  • the plurality of small holes is preferably an even-numbered center-symmetric type.
  • valve ball is a high-precision ball, including a stainless steel ball, a ceramic ball or a plastic ball.
  • the high precision refers to the direct diameter matching of the valve ball and the vent hole, which is accurate to 0.01 mm, to ensure the matching degree of the one-way valve function and the wind pressure, and to ensure the smooth completion of the one-way sealing function.
  • the displacement of the one-way ball valve should be able to meet the requirements of the power wind turbine during operation.
  • a centrifugal labyrinth sealing device is provided on the drill needle side of the head body.
  • the sealing device can prevent external pollutants from being sucked into the wind wheel chamber from this side.
  • the centrifugal labyrinth seal includes a bearing sleeve, a throwing ring and a sewage outlet, and the bearing sleeve is in the shape of a groove inside and a boss outside, and is tightly sleeved
  • the slinger ring is a metal ring with a groove
  • the slinger ring is tightly fixed to the wind turbine shaft
  • the slinger ring is wrapped on the outer boss of the bearing sleeve.
  • An S-shaped gap is formed, and the gap is communicated with the outside along the shaft of the wind wheel.
  • the sewage outlet is opened on the head body and corresponds to the direction of the rotation of the sling ring.
  • the centrifugal labyrinth seal includes a bearing sleeve and a throwing ring.
  • the bearing sleeve is a cylindrical thin-walled sleeve with a boss, which closely fits with the outer ring of the bearing. When the wind wheel rotates, the bearing sleeve does not rotate and is called static.
  • the ring, the throwing ring is a ring-shaped cylinder with grooves, which closely fits with the wind wheel shaft and can rotate together with the wind wheel shaft as a moving ring.
  • the bearing sleeve and the throwing ring are matched with a small clearance to form an S-shaped gap, which is called a labyrinth mechanical seal.
  • the wind turbine shaft outlet end surface is matched with the head body with a large gap, and the 45° chamfer transition is made at the maximum outer circle corner of the throwing ring, and it is connected with the blowdown hole of the nose body, and the throwing ring is connected with the nose body at the end face of the wind turbine shaft.
  • the gap formed is larger than that of the S-type labyrinth mechanical seal.
  • the above-mentioned S-shaped gap is 0.05 to 0.15 mm.
  • the neck of the head body or the end surface of the drill bit of the head body is provided with water spray holes, and the water spray is used to cool the drill bit during cutting.
  • the dental drill handpiece is divided into a handle and a head body according to the shape.
  • the handle is divided into a front handle and a rear handle.
  • the front and rear handles are connected, and are connected with air channels and water channels.
  • the rotating wind turbine core is the working part of the dental drill handpiece.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-speed turbine dental drill handpiece with a zero suction device that can be used for multiple times of high-temperature sterilization.
  • This device is installed on both sides of the head body, that is, the side with the drill pin and the side of the head cover.
  • the dental drill handpiece includes a head body, a drill bit, a head cover, a front handle and a rear handle.
  • the head cover is composed of a head cover body and a button cover.
  • the space where the head body and the head cover are buckled is provided with a power wind wheel and a wind wheel shaft that drive the rotation of the drill bit.
  • the wind wheel shaft is supported by two bearings, and an O-shaped rubber is arranged between the bearing and the head body. Damping ring, the upper end of the wind wheel shaft is provided with the head cover and the button cover for loading and unloading the drill bit.
  • the neck of the head body is provided with a water channel, an air inlet channel and an exhaust channel. The opening of the air inlet channel is located at the power At the wind wheel.
  • the suction-back prevention device on one side of the head cover is composed of a head cover and a button cover. Between the head cover and the button cover, there is an annular card slot on the inner side of the head cover, and the card slot is embedded A sliding O-shaped sealing ring is provided; the center of the button cover is provided with a one-way spherical sealing one-way valve.
  • the one-way ball valve sealing device includes a vent hole in the center of the button cover, a valve body and a vent hole communicating with the valve body and the wind turbine shaft chamber, and a valve ball is arranged in the valve body.
  • the valve ball is preferably a ceramic ball or a stainless steel ball, and the vent hole is preferably four or six symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the center. The valve ball is larger than the minimum diameter of the vent hole and larger than the maximum diameter of the vent hole.
  • a centrifugal labyrinth seal device is installed on the side of the head body where the drill bit is installed.
  • the centrifugal labyrinth seal includes a bearing sleeve, a throwing ring and a sewage outlet, and the bearing sleeve is a grooved inside and a boss outside.
  • the boss the two constitute an S gap, and the sewage outlet is opened on the head body, corresponding to the rotating direction of the sling ring.
  • a one-way ball valve is installed on the side of the head body and the center of the head cover.
  • the valve ball When the mobile phone is rotating, the valve ball is pushed up by the axial component of the air supplied by the power wind wheel and touches the inside of the button cover.
  • the airflow is set in the center of the button cover. Multiple exhaust holes are discharged. This airflow on the one hand ensures the cooling of the bearing, and on the other hand, it can maintain the normal operation of the power wind wheel and reduce the back pressure loss of the power wind wheel.
  • the power wind wheel instantly creates negative pressure in the wind wheel chamber due to inertia. At this time, the valve ball will be sucked back to the inner cone of the air inlet at the lower end to seal the passage to the wind wheel chamber. , Play a role in preventing suck back.
  • centrifugal labyrinth sealing device on the side where the drill needle is installed on the head body, which can also completely block the suction effect generated by the negative pressure effect of the wind wheel cavity under the condition of correctly selecting its structure and related parameters.
  • the wind wheel chamber When the wind wheel is in normal cutting operation, the wind wheel chamber is at positive pressure, and the axial component of the gas driving the power wind wheel flows from the gap between the dynamic bearing and the static ring (shaft sleeve) through the S-type mechanical seal (shaft sleeve and throwing ring).
  • the formed gap escapes from the drainage hole and the annular seam between the head body and the throwing ring. This airflow can cool the high-speed rotating bearings and at the same time reduce the back pressure of the rotating wind wheel to reduce the power loss of the wind wheel.
  • the wind wheel chamber forms a negative pressure, and there is a tendency to suck in pollutants from here.
  • the dirt enters from the annular gap formed by the slinger ring and the nose body.
  • the slinger ring is rotating, Under the action of centrifugal force, the dirt will be thrown to the drain hole along the outer circular surface of the sling ring in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the wind wheel. Due to the small clearance of the S-shaped seal and the centrifugal effect of the sling ring, the dirt will not be discharged. Into the S-type mechanical seal, so that it will not enter the wind wheel chamber, preventing the occurrence of suction.
  • the head body can also be provided with an illuminating device, especially an LED lamp or optical fiber illumination is set on the drill needle side of the head body, and a circuit is provided in the relevant handle for working lighting.
  • an illuminating device especially an LED lamp or optical fiber illumination is set on the drill needle side of the head body, and a circuit is provided in the relevant handle for working lighting.
  • the weight of the one-way ball valve on the side of the machine head cover of the machine head body should be based on the fact that it can be sucked up when the wind wheel chamber is under negative pressure.
  • the weight is too large, The negative pressure of the wind wheel chamber cannot suck it up. If the weight is too small, the exhaust airflow will be too small, and it cannot match the exhaust volume of the labyrinth at the other end of the nose body.
  • the zero suckback device provided by the present invention is equipped with a centrifugal labyrinth sealing device on the side of the head body where the drill bit is installed.
  • the gap size of the S-shaped labyrinth is particularly important. If the gap is too large, the suckback cannot be sealed. The youngster will affect the damping effect of the power wind wheel rotor, and even cannot rotate normally.
  • the preferred gap size of the present invention is 0.05-0.15 mm (this is the key parameter of the mechanical seal, otherwise, even if the relevant principles are confirmed, the corresponding anti- Suction effect).
  • both sides of the head body are equipped with effective anti-suckback devices, it is ensured that no suckbacks enter the wind wheel chamber when the mobile phone is running. Experiments show that the amount of suckback is very small and close to zero. Therefore, the purpose of effectively preventing cross infection can be achieved.
  • the technical scheme and the materials used for the anti-suckback device used in the present invention can ensure that the mobile phone has good tolerance during multiple uses and multiple times of high temperature sterilization at 135°C, so that the mobile phone can achieve use performance and anti-suckback performance The purpose of not reducing.
  • the mobile phone can be sterilized multiple times and used repeatedly to achieve zero suction to prevent infection, which can reduce the phenomenon of using disposable mobile phones to generate a large amount of medical waste that is not conducive to environmental protection, and reduce the hospital's expenditure on consumables.
  • Figure 1 External structure diagram of high-speed dental drill handpiece
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the high-speed turbine dental drill handpiece of the present invention
  • Figure 3 The structure diagram of the one-way ball valve on the side of the head cover of the present invention
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the labyrinth seal structure on one side of the drill bit of the present invention.
  • the outside of the present invention includes a front handle 1, a rear handle 2, a head cover, a head body 4, and a drill pin 5.
  • the head cover is divided into a head cover body 3 and a button cover 9, buttons The cover 9 functions by an internal spring.
  • the front handle 1 is provided with an air channel 6 and a water channel 7, and the water channel 7 is provided on the head body 4, and a water spray hole 8 is provided.
  • a wind wheel shaft 13 is arranged inside the head body. The opening of the air passage 6 corresponds to the position of the wind wheel 15. The wind wheel 15 on the power wind wheel shaft rotates.
  • the wind wheel shaft is sleeved with a bearing 12 and the bearing 12 is sleeved with O Type A14 and O type damping ring B16.
  • the O-shaped damping ring A14 is sleeved on the bearing sleeve 21.
  • the zero suction device of the present invention is installed at both ends of the head body 4.
  • the present utility model is equipped with a one-way ball valve 10 in the center of the button cover 9, and the one-way ball valve 10 is inlaid In the center of the button cover 9, a movable valve ball 18 (preferably ceramic ball, steel ball or plastic ball) is installed in the one-way ball valve body.
  • a movable valve ball 18 preferably ceramic ball, steel ball or plastic ball
  • valve ball 18 will be blown up to the inner end of the center of the button cover 9, where there are a plurality of unobstructed vent holes 17 (preferably an even number of centrally symmetrical vent holes), and the airflow will be from these multiple small Flow out of the hole.
  • the valve ball 18 will be sucked back by the negative pressure to the conical inner surface of the one-way ball valve 10 and seal the central vent hole 19, thereby preventing the suction from intruding into the wind Wheel chamber.
  • This sealing structure is a sliding seal, so it will not affect the operation of the button to install the needle. After the needle loading and unloading action is completed, the button cover will pop back into position.
  • the slinger ring 22 and the bearing sleeve 7 form an S-shaped centrifugal labyrinth seal device.
  • the wind wheel shaft end may suck a small amount of dirt back, but under the action of centrifugal force, this small amount of dirt
  • the dirt will be thrown out of the sewage outlet 24, and with the effect of the S-shaped labyrinth seal, the sucked dirt will be prevented from entering the rotor chamber.
  • the axial components of the two ends of the air flow of the wind wheel 15 can be balanced to the ends (sides) of the nose body 4 normally. Discharge, so as to cool the bearing 12 well and reduce the back pressure loss during the operation of the wind wheel, so as to ensure that the wind wheel 15 has better efficiency during operation.
  • the structure of the present invention and the used parts and materials can withstand multiple times of high temperature sterilization and multiple use, which is different from the prior art that is not resistant to wear (cannot work for a long time to maintain a sealed state) and can be used for a long time. Maintaining zero suckback in the medium can effectively prevent cross-infection.
  • the present invention uses a method for using a high-speed turbine dental drill handpiece equipped with a zero suction device.
  • the dental drill handpiece of the present invention installed with the above-mentioned zero suction device has no difference in water supply, air supply pressure and other aspects of the use method from other commonly used turbine dental drill handpieces. It is also different from other commonly used turbine dental drill handpieces in the operation of withstanding 135°C high temperature sterilization.
  • the commonly used turbo phones are the same.
  • Immersion test method Remove the mobile phone from the treatment connector, weigh its weight with a more precise balance, record the weight of the mobile phone at this time, and then reinstall it in the treatment machine, turn off the water spray pipe, and step on the foot switch.
  • the mobile phone rotates normally, and the head is completely immersed in the water in the water cup, and the vehicle stops in the water.
  • After parking take the mobile phone out of the water and remove the mobile phone from the treatment machine, wipe off the water drops on the outside of the mobile phone, blow out the residual water in the S gap and the sewage outlet, and then place it on the balance again for weighing.
  • the amount of increase in weight when not immersed in water is the amount of back absorption of the mobile phone.
  • the present invention can achieve the purpose that the suck back volume is extremely small and close to zero, so it is called a zero suck back mobile phone.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，包括机头盖、机头体（4）、钻针（5）、动力风轮（15）、风轮轴（13）、轴承（12）、减震器、机头体钻针（5）、前机柄（1）和后机柄（2）等，其中机头盖一侧和机头体钻针（5）一侧分别安装单向球阀（10）和离心迷宫式机械密封防回吸装置，保证牙科手机在使用过程中，回吸量接近于零，可以承受135℃高温多次灭菌，并且密封件没有磨损或磨损极小，可保证长期使用，性能变化极小。

Description

一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机 技术领域
本发明属于一种医疗器械，特别是一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机
背景技术
现有高速涡轮牙钻手机包括机头体、机头盖、钻针、前机柄、后机柄、气水接头等组成。与牙科治疗机连接，用以获得手机工作的压缩空气与冷却压力水等。前机柄为医生手持的部位。机头体中装有可被压缩空气驱动的动力风轮，该动力风轮装在风轮轴中间部位被两支轴承支撑并由两支O型橡胶圈减震。目前这种牙钻手机的弊病为会产生回吸现象
现有高速涡轮牙钻手机在停止供气后的瞬间由涡轮转子惯性旋转使涡轮腔室产生负压回吸现象是行业内所共知的物理现象。
为了防止这一造成医源性交叉感染的回吸现象的发生，现有的技术一般都是单侧密封。
在机头体钻针一侧，即在风轮轴的外圆或端面设置橡胶或橡胶类密封零件，使手机在正常运转时橡胶密封零件被气流吹胀从而脱离旋转的风轮轴，在停机瞬间惯性负压时，密封件在本身弹性及风轮腔室负压的共同作用下起到刹车及密封作用从而防止回吸的发生。见申请号：CN201610046861.2。
综上所述，现在的技术存在的问题是
1.单侧密封时只能减少回吸量，无法达到零回吸的目的。在浸水检测时，更无法达到零回吸的目的。
2.采用橡胶或橡塑密封时，由于耐磨性差不能在多次灭菌及多次使用的状态下保持稳定的零回吸性能。
因此，牙科治疗需要一种既能满足临床切削的使用要求，又能有效阻止回吸的发生，还能具有耐磨损、耐多次高温灭菌的性能的设计，从而杜绝交叉感染。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，发明人提供了一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其中，所述高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机包括机头盖、机头体、钻针、动力风轮、风轮轴、轴承、O型密封圈、O型减震圈、前机柄、后机柄、水道、气道；
所述水道、气道分别顺序与所述后机柄、所述前机柄、所述机头体连通，所述气道的开口位于动力风轮处；
所述机头盖包括机头盖体和按钮，所述按钮包括按钮盖和弹簧，所述按钮盖与所述机头盖体之间、且位于机头盖体内侧设有环形卡槽，该环形卡槽内嵌设有O型密封圈，所述按钮盖和所述机头盖体通过所述O型密封圈进行滑动密封；
所述按钮盖的中央处设有单向球阀密封装置；
所述机头体内设有驱动所述钻针高速转动的动力风轮和风轮轴，所述风轮轴由所述轴承支撑，所述轴承与所述机头体之间设有O型减震圈，所述机头体的钻针一侧与外界为离心迷宫式密封。
在上述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机中，所述单向球阀密封装置包括按钮盖中心的排气孔、阀体和与连通阀体与风轮轴腔室的通气孔，所述阀体内设有阀球。
在上述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机中，按钮盖中心通气孔可为多个对称分布的小孔，避免按压时对手指产生不良感觉。多个小孔优选偶数型中心对称类型。
在上述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机中，其特征在于，所述阀球为高精度球，包括不锈钢球、陶瓷球或塑料球。所述高精度指的是阀球和通气孔直接的直径匹配，精确到0.01mm，保证单向阀功能与风压的匹配程度，保证顺利完成单向密封的功能。
单向球阀的排气量应能满足动力风轮运行时的要求。
在机头体钻针一侧设有离心迷宫式密封装置，在风轮停转瞬间风轮室产生负压时，该密封装置可以阻止外界污染物不会从此侧吸入风轮室中。
在上述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机中，所述离心迷宫式密封包括轴承套、甩环和排污口，所述轴承套为内有凹槽、外有凸台的形状，紧密套设于轴承的最外侧，所述甩环为带有凹槽的金属环，所述甩环与所述风轮轴紧密固接，所述甩环包设在所述轴承套的外侧凸台上，二者构成S型间隙，该间隙沿着风轮轴与外界相连通，所述排污口开设于所述机头体上，且与所述甩环的旋转甩污方向相对应。
所述离心迷宫式密封包括轴承套和甩环，所述轴承套为带凸台的圆柱形薄壁套，它与轴承外环紧密配合，风轮旋转时轴承套是不转的称之为静止环，所述甩环为带凹槽的 环状圆柱体，它与风轮轴紧密配合可随风轮轴一同旋转称之为动环。所述轴承套与所述甩环以较小间隙配合，形成S型缝隙，称之为迷宫式机械密封。并在风轮轴出口端面处以较大间隙与机头体配合，在甩环最大外圆转角处以45°倒角过渡，并与机头体排污孔连通，甩环在风轮轴端面处与机头体形成的缝隙大于S型迷宫式机械密封的缝隙。
上述S型缝隙为0.05～0.15毫米。
在上述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机中，所述机头体的颈部或机头体钻针一侧端面设有喷水孔，喷水用于冷却切削时的钻针。
工作原理：所述牙钻手机按外形分为手柄和机头体，手柄分为前机柄和后机柄，前后机柄相连接，并连接有气道和水道等，机头体内装有可旋转的风轮机芯，为牙钻手机的钻牙工作部分。
本发明的目的是为了提供一种具有零回吸装置的可供多次高温灭菌多次使用的高速涡轮牙钻手机。
这种装置安装在机头体的两侧即装有钻针的一侧及机头盖一侧。
所述牙钻手机包括机头体、钻针、机头盖、前机柄和后机柄。
所述机头盖由机头盖体和按钮盖等组成。
所述机头体和机头盖扣合的空间内设有带动钻针旋转的动力风轮及风轮轴，该风轮轴由两只轴承支撑，该轴承与机头体之间设有O型橡胶减震圈，该风轮轴的上端设有所述机头盖及装卸钻针的按钮盖，机头体的颈部设有水道、进气通道和排气通道，该进气通道的开口位于动力风轮处。
所述机头盖一侧防回吸装置由机头盖和按钮盖组成，在所述机头盖与所述按钮盖之间，位于机头盖内侧设有环形卡槽，该卡槽内嵌设有滑动O型密封圈；所述按钮盖的中央处设有单向球状密封单向阀。所述单向球阀密封装置包括按钮盖中心的排气孔、阀体和与连通阀体与风轮轴腔室的通气孔，所述阀体内设有阀球。阀球优选陶瓷球、不锈钢球，排气孔优选中心对称沿圆周分布的四个或6个，阀球大于通气孔的最小直径，大于排气孔的最大直径。
所述机头体装有钻针的一侧装有离心迷宫式密封装置，述离心迷宫式密封包括轴承套、甩环和排污口，所述轴承套为内有凹槽、外有凸台的形状，紧密套设于轴承的最外侧，所述甩环为带有凹槽的甩环，所述甩环与所述风轮轴紧密固接，所述甩环包设在所述轴承套的外侧凸台上，二者构成S间隙，所述排污口开设于所述机头体上，与所述甩环的旋转甩污方向相对应。
在机头体机头盖一侧，中心部位装有单向球阀门，在手机旋转工作时阀球被动力风轮供气的轴向分量顶起触及按钮盖内侧，气流从按钮盖中央设置的多个排气小孔排出，此气流一方面保证轴承的冷却，另一方面可维持动力风轮正常运转减少动力风轮背压损失。当手机停止供气时动力风轮由于惯性作用瞬间使风轮腔室形成负压，此时阀球会被吸回至下端的进气口内锥面处而封住通往风轮腔室的通道，起到防止回吸的作用。
在按钮盖外缘与机头盖之间还装有滑动密封的O型橡胶圈，此处可严密密封阻止气流的进出，而并不影响按钮盖的滑动动作。
在机头体装有钻针的一侧有离心迷宫式密封装置，在正确选择其结构及相关参数的情况下同样可以完全阻挡由风轮腔的负压效应而产生的回吸作用。
风轮在正常切削工作时，风轮室为正压，驱动动力风轮的气体轴向分量从轴承动、静环(轴封套)之间间隙流经S型机械密封(轴封套和甩环所形成的间隙)，从排污孔及机头体与甩环的环缝中逸出。此气流可冷却高速旋转的轴承，同时可降低旋转风轮的背压，以降低风轮功率损失。
当风轮停止供气瞬间惯性旋转时，风轮室形成负压，有从此处吸进污染物的倾向，污物从甩环与机头体形成的环状间隙进入，由于甩环在旋转，在离心力的作用下污物将沿与风轮轴线相垂直的方向沿甩环的外圆面甩向排污孔排出，由于S型密封间隙较小，又由于甩环的离心作用，污物不会进入S型机械密封中，从而也不会进入风轮腔室，阻止了回吸发生。
由于机头体两侧开口处均采用了有效的密封装置，口腔中的污物不会被吸入机头体中，从而阻止了交叉感染的发生。
所述机头体上还可以设有照明装置，尤其是在机头体钻针一侧设定LED灯或光导纤维照明，并在相关的手柄中设有电路，进行工作照明。
本发明提供的零回吸装置，机头体的机头盖一侧的单向球阀，其阀球的重量应以风轮腔室为负压时能将其吸起为准，重量过大，风轮腔室的负压不能将其吸起，重量过小，会使排出气流过小，不能与机头体另一端的迷宫排气量相匹配。
本发明提供的零回吸装置在机头体的安装钻针的一侧装有离心式迷宫密封装置，其S形迷宫的间隙尺寸尤为重要，此间隙过大将无法封住回吸物，此间隙过小将影响动力风轮转子的减震效果，甚至无法正常旋转，本发明优选的间隙尺寸为0.05～0.15毫米(这是本机械密封的关键参数，否则，即使确认相关原理，也无法得到相应的防回吸效果)。
本发明的有益效果为：
1.由于在机头体两侧(安装钻针一侧及安装按钮盖一侧)均采用了有效的防回吸装置，因此保证了手机运转时不会有回吸物进入风轮腔室。实验表明其回吸量十分微小近似于零。因此能达到有效防止交叉感染的目的。
2.本发明所使用的防回吸装置的技术方案及所用材料均能保证手机在多次使用及多次135℃高温灭菌时的耐受度良好，使手机达到使用性能及防回吸性能不降低的目的。
3.由于回吸物不能进入风轮腔室，因此手机所用的高速轴承不被杂质污染，因此有更长的使用寿命。
4.手机多次灭菌多次使用又能达到零回吸防止感染，可减少使用一次性手机产生大量医疗废物不利于环保的现象，降低医院对耗材的开支。
5高速涡轮手机防回吸感染问题一直是国内外的一大难题，多年来一直没有较好的解决方案，本发明有相当好的防感染效果，而且成本低廉便于大量生产推广使用，是技术上的巨大进步。
附图说明
图1：高速牙钻手机的外部结构图；
图2：本发明中高速涡轮牙钻手机结构示意图；
图3：本发明机头盖一侧单向球阀结构示意图；
图4：本发明的钻针一侧迷宫密封结构示意图。
附图标记：
1——前机柄 2——后机柄 3——机头盖体 4——机头体 5——钻针 6——气道 7——水道 8——喷水孔 9——按钮盖 10——单向球阀 11——O型密封圈 12——轴承 13——风轮轴 14——O型减震环A 15——风轮 16——O型减震环B 17——排气孔 18——阀球 19——通气孔 20——轴承内环 21——轴承套 22——甩环 23——排污通道 24——排污口X为气流方向。
具体实施方式
下面实验例用于进一步说明本发明但不限于本发明。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明范围。
实施例1
参见图1、图2，本发明外部包括前机柄1、后机柄2、机头盖、机头体4、钻针5； 机头盖分为机头盖体3和按钮盖9，按钮盖9通过内部弹簧发挥功能。前机柄1中设有气道6和水道7，水道7设在机头体4上，开设喷水孔8。机头体内部设有风轮轴13，气道6开口处对应风轮15的位置，动力风轮轴上的风轮15转动，所述风轮轴上套设有轴承12，轴承12上套设有O型减震环A14和O型减震环B16。其中O型减震环A14套设在轴承套21上。
本发明的零回吸装置安装在机头体4的两端。
1)见图3(手机的风轮15停止转动，气流X回吸示意图)，在机头盖一侧，本实用新型在按钮盖9中央处安装了单向球阀10，单向球阀10镶嵌在按钮盖9中央处，单向球阀体中装有活动的阀球18(优选陶瓷球、钢球或塑料球)，手机的风轮15被压缩空气驱动时，风轮腔内为正气压状态，此时阀球18将被吹起至按钮盖9中央内侧端，此处有多个不被阻挡的排气孔17(优选偶数个数的中心对称排气孔)，气流将从这多个小孔中流出。当风轮停止供气惯性旋转产生负压时，阀球18将被负压吸回至单向球阀10内的锥形内圆面上并封住中央的通气孔19，从而阻止回吸物侵入风轮腔室。另外机头盖体11上设有O型圈槽，内嵌有O型密封圈11，将阻止气流从此间隙中进出，这一密封结构为滑动密封，因此不会影响按钮装针的操作，弹簧在装卸针动作完成后会将按钮盖弹回复位。
2)见图4,(手机风轮停止转动，气流X回吸示意图)，安装在有钻针5的一端，轴承12(包括外环和轴承内环20)被带凸台的轴承套21包住，甩环22安装在风轮轴13外径上，甩环22带有凹槽，包住轴承套21的凸台，二者形成S型间隙，其缝隙数值约为0.05-0.15mm，该缝隙沿着排污通道23处，存在两条路径，一条为沿着风轮轴13的缝隙，一条为排污通道23，在机头体4上开设有排污口24。
甩环22与轴承套7形成S形离心迷宫密封装置，当风轮15惯性旋转产生负压时，风轮轴端有可能吸进少量回吸污物，但在离心力的作用下，这少量的污物会在甩环外缘离心力的作用下从排污口24甩出，加上S形迷宫密封的作用，回吸污物将被阻止进入风轮腔室。
由于在机头体4两端(侧)均采取了可靠的密封装置，风轮15工作时，风轮15的气流其两端轴向分量能正常向机头体4两端(侧)平衡的排出，从而能很好的冷却轴承12并能减少风轮运转时的背压损失，保证风轮15运转时有较好的效率。本发明的结构及所采用的的零件材料均能耐受多次高温灭菌及多次使用，不同于现有技术的不耐磨损(不能长期工作保持密封状态)的情况，可在长期使用中保持零回吸状态，可有效杜绝交叉 感染。
实施例2
本发明装有零回吸装置的高速涡轮牙钻手机的使用方法。
安装有上述零回吸装置的本发明牙钻手机在使用方法上供水、供气压力等诸多方面和其它常用的涡轮牙钻手机没有任何差别，在承受135℃高温灭菌的操作上也和其它常用的涡轮手机一致。
由于没有回吸物侵入手机内部，同时也保持牙科治疗机管线不被污染，因此可以有效控制手机治疗机中产生的医源性交叉感染。
实施例3
关于手机回吸的检测方法——机头浸水试验
浸水试验方法：将手机从治疗接头中取下，用较精密的天平秤其重量，记录下此时手机的重量，然后重新装回治疗机中，关闭喷水管路，踏动脚踏开关使手机正常旋转，并将机头全部浸入水杯的水中，在水中停车。停车后从水中取出手机并从治疗机中摘下手机，擦干手机外面的水珠，吹出S缝隙及排污口中的残留水后再次放在天平上称重。与未浸水时重量的增加量即为手机浸水回吸量。本发明可达到回吸量极其微小近似于零的目的，因此称为零回吸手机。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机包括机头盖、机头体、钻针、动力风轮、风轮轴、轴承、O型密封圈、O型减震圈、前机柄、后机柄、水道、气道；
    所述水道和所述气道分别顺序与所述后机柄、所述前机柄和所述机头体连通，所述气道的开口位于动力风轮处；
    所述机头盖包括机头盖体和按钮，所述按钮包括按钮盖和弹簧，所述按钮盖与所述机头盖体之间、且位于机头盖体内侧设有环形卡槽，该环形卡槽内嵌设有O型密封圈，所述按钮盖和所述机头盖体通过所述O型密封圈进行滑动密封；
    所述按钮盖的中央处设有单向球阀密封装置；
    所述机头体内设有驱动所述钻针高速转动的动力风轮和风轮轴，所述风轮轴由所述轴承支撑，所述轴承与所述机头体之间设有O型减震圈，所述机头体的钻针一侧与外界为离心迷宫式密封。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述单向球阀密封装置包括按钮盖中心的排气孔、阀体、和连通阀体与风轮轴腔室的通气孔，所述阀体内设有阀球。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，通气孔为中心对称分布小孔。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述阀球为高精度球，包括不锈钢球、陶瓷球或塑料球。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述离心迷宫式密封包括轴承套、甩环和排污口，所述轴承套为中心位置内凹、外凸的环形形状，紧密地套设于轴承的最外侧，所述甩环为带有凹槽的甩环，所述甩环与所述风轮轴紧密固接，所述甩环包设在所述轴承套的外侧凸台上，二者构成S型间隙，该间隙沿着风轮轴与外界相连通，所述排污口开设于所述机头体上，且与所述甩环的旋转甩污方向相对应。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述排污口数量为2-5个。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述S型间隙为0.05-0.15mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述机头体的颈部或机头体端面设有喷水孔，所述喷水孔与所述水道相连通，喷水孔开口方向易于钻针冷却。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述机头体的端面设喷水孔，其个数为2-5个。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一权利要求所述的高速涡轮零回吸牙钻手机，其特征在于，所述机头体的颈部上设有照明装置。
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