WO2017206298A1 - 高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置 - Google Patents

高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206298A1
WO2017206298A1 PCT/CN2016/091513 CN2016091513W WO2017206298A1 WO 2017206298 A1 WO2017206298 A1 WO 2017206298A1 CN 2016091513 W CN2016091513 W CN 2016091513W WO 2017206298 A1 WO2017206298 A1 WO 2017206298A1
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Prior art keywords
head
elastic shaft
mobile phone
cover
drill
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PCT/CN2016/091513
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张福东
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北京东博气动工具有限公司
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Publication of WO2017206298A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206298A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/02—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools
    • A61C1/05—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools with turbine drive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/08—Machine parts specially adapted for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
    • A61C1/0061—Air and water supply systems; Valves specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C3/00—Dental tools or instruments
    • A61C3/02—Tooth drilling or cutting instruments; Instruments acting like a sandblast machine

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a medical device, in particular to a dental hand tool for drilling teeth.
  • the existing high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone comprises a head body, a head cover, a drill needle, a front handle and a rear handle, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the rear handle is connected to the quick-connect connector of the dental treatment machine to obtain compressed air and cooling pressure water required for the operation of the mobile phone.
  • the front handle is the part that the doctor holds.
  • the head body is provided with a wind wheel which can be driven by compressed air.
  • the wind wheel is installed in the middle part of the wind wheel shaft and is supported by two bearings and is damped by two O-shaped rubber damping rings.
  • the oral contaminated liquid mentioned above or the atomized polluted water droplets suspended in the air or the fine particles of the grounded teeth are touched at the head body, it is easy to inhale into the body of the head body and is discharged toward the body.
  • Intake and exhaust ports which contaminate the parts of the cavity of the machine head (such as wind turbines, bearings, etc.) and the intake and exhaust pipes, and even to the pipelines of the treatment machine and related parts of the treatment machine.
  • the doctor treats the next patient with these contaminants and the corresponding pipes and zeros of the therapeutic machine. Contaminants in the component are sprayed into the mouth of the next patient with the compressed airflow, creating an iatrogenic cross-contamination.
  • the present invention provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero-back suction device, which is mounted on the side of the dental drill mobile phone head with a drill needle on one side of the anti-back suction device and on the side of the organic head cover of the dental drill mobile phone head body
  • the anti-back suction device comprises a machine head body, a drill needle, a machine head cover, a front handle and a rear handle.
  • the machine head cover is composed of a machine cover body and a button cover body.
  • the space in which the head body and the head cover are fastened is provided with a power wind wheel and a wind wheel shaft for driving the drill pin to rotate.
  • the wind wheel shaft is supported by two bearings, and an O-shaped rubber damping ring is arranged between the bearing and the head body.
  • the upper end of the wind wheel shaft is provided with the machine head cover, and the neck of the machine head body is provided with a water channel and a front An air passage and an exhaust passage, the opening of the intake passage being located at the power wind
  • the anti-back suction device on the side of the head cover is composed of a head cover body and a button cover body, and an annular card slot is arranged on the inner side of the head cover body between the head cover body and the button cover body.
  • An O-ring is embedded in the card slot;
  • the button cover body is provided with a one-way outlet balloon valve, and the one-way outlet balloon valve comprises a venting hole and a valve body corresponding to the venting hole;
  • An end of the wind turbine shaft connected to the drill needle disposed in the body of the machine body is a conical brake surface, and a lower end of the wind turbine shaft is retracted in the machine head; the head body is connected to the drill
  • An elastic shaft cover and a non-elastic shaft cover are disposed on an end surface of the needle, and the hole of the elastic shaft cover is provided with a hole of the hole, and the size of the hole is larger than or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill.
  • the outer edge of the non-elastic shaft enclosure is connected to the outer edge of the machine head by a thread, and the center of the non-elastic shaft enclosure is provided with a drill hole having a hole size larger than or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill needle;
  • the thickness of the central portion of the elastic shaft enclosure is greater than the thickness of the endless belt between the central portion and the edge of the elastic shaft enclosure, and the inner surface of the central portion of the elastic shaft enclosure is tapered, and the wind The axle brake surface is matched;
  • the elastic shaft enclosure is disposed in the non-elastic shaft enclosure, and an inner wall shape of the non-elastic shaft enclosure cooperates with an outer shape of the elastic shaft enclosure in an inflated state;
  • a metal ring is embedded in a central portion of the elastic shaft enclosure on a side of the non-elastic shaft enclosure.
  • the anti-back suction device with the elastic shaft cover is mounted on the side of the machine body with the drill shaft, and the elastic shaft cover of the device is under the elastic reset of the elastic shaft cover and the negative pressure in the turbine chamber when the turbine stops supplying air.
  • the lip ie, the edge of the elastic shaft enclosure near the edge of the drill pin
  • the present invention adds an O-ring between the head cover and the button cover, and the O-ring is sealed.
  • the annular gap formed between the button cover body and the head cover body cannot escape or suck in the gas from the gap regardless of whether the air chamber is positive or negative. Therefore, when the wind wheel stops the inertia rotation of the air supply, the negative pressure generated therein does not suck in the sucking material from the gap.
  • a one-way air outlet mechanism is added at the center of the button cover body, preferably a one-way ball valve.
  • the airflow chamber is in a positive pressure state, and the axial component of the airflow that drives the wind wheel rotation is from the center of the button cover body.
  • the one-way ball valve escapes, and the ball in the ball valve is blown up by the air pressure.
  • the airflow will escape from the venting holes on the button cover, so it will not affect the normal operation of the rotor. See Figure 8.
  • the wind turbine stops the inertia operation of the air supply, the negative pressure is generated in the wind wheel chamber. At this time, the valve ball automatically resets under the action of the negative pressure to seal the exhaust port of the valve body, and the sucking material does not enter from here.
  • a metal ring is embedded in the central portion of the elastic shaft enclosure. Due to the inflexibility of the metal ring and the high precision of the inner hole, the arc-shaped deformation of the elastic shaft cover after being inflated can be prevented to reduce the flow area, thereby reducing the rotational speed and output power loss.
  • the anti-back suction sealing device is installed on both sides of the machine body (the side of the mounting pin and the side of the button cover of the button), the back suction is effectively prevented, regardless of the moment when the phone is stopped.
  • the negative pressure test is also the full head immersion test (see Figure 10).
  • the back suction is extremely small, and the suction back effect of approximately zero can be achieved, effectively eliminating iatrogenic cross infection.
  • the invention achieves the purpose of zero suckback, and the device is low in price, easy to install and debug, and convenient for mass production, and is particularly suitable for mobile phone use.
  • the material selection of the elastic shaft enclosure should be considered to withstand repeated high temperature sterilization and a certain wear resistance.
  • the air flow generated by the axial component of the air flow of the wind turbine is from the gap between the tapered end surface of the wind turbine shaft and the tapered lip of the elastic shaft seal.
  • the doctor cuts the teeth or replaces, attaches and detaches the drill needle, and the like.
  • a check valve with a valve ball is installed at the center of the button cover, and its function is
  • valve ball seals the valve body exhaust port to prevent the back suction into the wind wheel chamber when the wind wheel is in the air stop state.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero suckback device, the head body and the head cover are metal materials
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero suckback device, the material of the elastic shaft enclosure is rubber or rubber.
  • the invention also provides a high speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero suckback device, the non-elastic shaft enclosure material being a metal material.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero-back suction device, wherein the venting hole is disposed on the button cover body, the valve body is disposed on the button cover body, located on the inner side of the dental drill mobile phone, and the Corresponding to the venting hole, the valve body contains a valve ball, and the lower end of the valve body is provided with an exhaust port to communicate with the interior of the dental drill.
  • the number of vent holes is greater than one.
  • the number and size of the venting holes are related to the exhaust area required for the design of the wind wheel.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero suction device, the valve body is a metal product.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero-back suction device, the valve ball being a metal product.
  • the invention also provides a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero-back suction device, the outer diameter of the metal ring is smaller or smaller than the outer diameter of the central portion of the elastic shaft enclosure, and the inner diameter dimension is larger or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the drill needle Diameter size.
  • the invention also provides an application of a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone zero suction device in a high-speed turbine dental drill mobile phone.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a high-speed turbine dental drill
  • Figure 2 Background art assembly diagram of the mobile phone working state; (the wind turbine chamber is in a positive pressure state, the two ends of the machine are exhausted outwards, and no suction is generated)
  • Figure 3 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the mobile phone wind wheel stops the inertia rotation of the air supply to generate a negative pressure state head assembly drawing; (the wind wheel chamber is in a negative pressure state, both ends of the machine head replenish airflow to the wind wheel chamber to generate pollutant suction phenomenon);
  • Figure 5 Figure of the anti-back suction device on the side of the separate drill needle
  • Figure 6 Negative pressure state diagram of the anti-back suction device on the side of the single drill needle when the mobile phone is stopped
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing the working state of the mobile phone of the present invention
  • Figure 7a is an overall working state diagram
  • Figure 7b is an enlarged view of A in Figure 7a; (the wind turbine chamber is in a positive pressure state, the two ends of the machine are exhausted outward, and no Suck back);
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing the negative pressure zero-back suction state of the inertia rotation of the mobile phone wind wheel of the present invention
  • Figure 8b is an overall state diagram
  • Figure 8b is an enlarged view of the head cover body
  • Figure 8c is a top view of the button cover body
  • Figure 8d is a button cover.
  • Fig. 8e is a diagram of the anti-back suction state of the ball valve
  • Figure 9 Semi-immersion test diagram on the side of the machine head; (the arrow part is the intake pressure indicator);
  • Figure 10 The whole head immersion test chart of the machine head; (the arrow part is the intake pressure indicator table);
  • the present invention includes a head body 1, a head cover 2, a drill needle 3, a front handle 4, and a rear handle 5.
  • the zero suckback device of the present invention is mounted at both ends of the head body 1.
  • the tapered end face 9 of the wind turbine shaft is formed into a conical shape, and is matched with the lip of the elastic shaft cover 7 with the embedded metal ring 8, the elastic shaft cover 7
  • an inelastic shaft seal 6 attached to the head body 1 is attached to prevent the elastic shaft seal 7 from being deformed during the positive air blow.
  • the metal ring 8 at the center of the elastic shaft enclosure 7 enables the elastic shaft enclosure 7 to move parallel to the center line of the wind wheel shaft 20 at the center of the elastic shaft enclosure when the drum is blown, and to prevent compression when the lip of the elastic shaft enclosure 7 is deformed. The narrowing of the air passage occurs, thereby reducing the rotational speed and output power loss.
  • the elastic shaft enclosure 6 of the device cooperates with the negative pressure of the elastic shaft enclosure 6 and the negative pressure in the rotor chamber 13 when the turbine stops supplying air, and the lip portion (ie, the center of the elastic shaft enclosure close to the drill needle) The edge) is pressed against the tapered end face 9 of the wind turbine shaft, so that the wind wheel 12 brakes and seals the tapered end face 9 of the wind turbine shaft so that the sucking material cannot flow into the wind wheel chamber 13.
  • an O-ring 14 is installed between the button cover 15 and the head cover 2, and the inside of the head cover, that is, the head cover 2 is provided with an annular groove, and an O-ring is embedded. To block the contaminants from entering the interior of the head when the rotor chamber 13 is under negative pressure.
  • a check valve with a valve ball 18 is installed at the center of the button cover body 15 to function as follows: when the wind wheel 12 rotates and the wind wheel chamber 13 is positive pressure, the one-way valve passes outward through the vent hole 17. The gas that cools the bearing 10 is discharged. When the supply of air to the wind wheel 12 is stopped and the wind wheel 12 rotates inertially, the negative pressure in the wind wheel chamber 13 sucks the valve ball 18 to the reset state, blocking the valve body exhaust port 16 to prevent contaminants from entering the nose body. 1 inside.
  • the material of the head body 1 and the head cover is a metal material.
  • the elastic shaft cover 7 is a rubber or rubber product.
  • the non-elastic shaft cover 6 outside the elastic shaft cover 7 is made of a metal product.
  • the O-ring 14 between the button cover 15 and the head cover 2 is a rubber product.
  • the number of the vent holes 17 of the one-way valve button cover 15 is 2-8, preferably four, and the number and size of the vent holes are related to the exhaust area required for the design of the wind wheel.
  • the one-way valve body 19 installed at the center of the button cover 15 is a metal product
  • the center valve ball 18 is a metal product, preferably quenched by a stainless steel ball to harden it to increase wear resistance.
  • the use of the high-speed turbo drill mobile phone equipped with the zero-back suction device of the present invention does not differ from other turbo-toothed mobile phones in terms of use and operation methods.
  • a mobile phone equipped with a zero-return device can quickly brake when the air supply is stopped, thus preventing the back suction from occurring, and the doctor will feel more convenient, more reliable, and safer.
  • the water immersion test of mobile phones is a reliable and simple method for detecting the anti-back absorption performance of mobile phones.
  • This test is exactly the same as the semi-immersion test, except that the machine head should be completely buried in the water and parked in the water when the phone is immersed in water.
  • the amount of increase after the removal of the mobile phone compared to the weight when not immersed is the amount of suckback.
  • the present invention can control the increase in suckback to zero or only a negligible increase in suckback in a full immersion or semi-immersion test. So it is called a zero suckback phone.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，安装在手机机头体（1）的两端,所述装置在机头体（1）安装钻针（3）一侧，由中心嵌有金属中心骨架的弹性轴封罩（17）与非弹性轴封罩（15）组成，并使弹性轴封罩（17）唇部与端部为锥状的风轮轴相吻合；所述装置在机头体机头盖（2）一侧，按钮盖体与机头盖体之间安装有O型密封圈（7），并在按钮盖体中心增加了单向球阀，由于机头体（1）的两侧均采用了防回吸措施，因此可以将回吸物控制到极低近乎于零回吸的状态。

Description

高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置 技术领域
本发明属于一种医疗器械，特别是一种钻磨牙齿的牙科手持器具。
背景技术
现有高速涡轮牙钻手机包括机头体、机头盖、钻针、前机柄、后机柄组成，见图1。后机柄与牙科治疗机的快插接头连接，用以获得手机工作所需要的压缩空气与冷却压力水等。前机柄为医生手持的部位。机头体中装有可被压缩空气驱动的风轮，该风轮装在风轮轴中间部位被两支轴承支撑并由两支O型橡胶减震圈减震。
目前这种牙钻手机可以产生回吸现象，可能导致医源性交叉感染。原因为以下方面：
1)污染源的产生
医生在使用高速涡轮牙钻手机钻磨牙齿时，必使其进入人的口腔中，钻磨时还要喷水以冷却钻针，从而这种手机的机头体及部分前机柄必然会触及患者的牙齿、口腔粘膜及牙髓腔等，有时还会触及血液，加上治疗中喷向钻头的冷却水及患者唾液会在患者口腔中形成污染液。如果被医治的患者存在某些可传播的疾病如乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病等，那么在这种污染液中必然存有大量有害的病毒和细菌。
2)回吸现象会导致医源性交叉感染
现有的高速牙钻手机钻磨牙齿时会产生回吸现象，为行业内所共知的。
如图2、图3所示，当压缩空气从进气口进入机头体中吹动风轮旋转时风轮腔室为正气压状态，此时不会产生回吸。但当医生欲使手机停转时，压缩空气流从机头体1进气口中消失了，风轮会依惯性继续旋转一段时间。由于进气口中无压缩空气供应，旋转的风轮会从机头体上下两端缝隙处吸进气体并排向进气口及排气口。这时若在机头体该处触及上文提及的口腔污染液或口腔内悬浮于空中的雾化污染水滴或磨削下来牙齿的细小颗粒则很容易吸入机头体风轮腔内并排向进排气口，从而污染机头体的腔内的零件(如风轮，轴承等)及进排气管道，甚至还会传至治疗机的管线及治疗机的相关零部件。医生再给下一位患者治疗时这些粘附在涡轮机头体腔内的污染物及治疗机相应的管道及零 部件中的污染物会随压缩气流喷向下一位患者的口腔中，从而形成医源性交叉感染。
现有技术特征最接近的相关技术资料为专利号ZL20061020074.X专利名称为“一次性使用高速涡轮牙钻手机防回吸装置”的专利，图4给出了2006年专利的附图。
目前的专利技术大部分集中于钻针一侧防回吸装置，且有效的阻止因风轮停气后的惯性旋转而产生的负压回吸现象，甚至在浸水试验中，单侧浸水(机头装有钻针的一侧，旋转后浸入水中，在水中停车后取出测量浸水前后的重量差，其差值即为回吸量，见实施例3)可以使回吸物为零见图9。但在全浸水状态下(机头全部浸入水中)仍有相当可观的回吸物流向涡轮腔室，见图10。
因为现有的专利ZL20061020074.X其弹性轴封罩可以在风轮停止供气的瞬间完成密封及刹车作用，由于密封的作用使浸入水中的机头可以阻止水(污染物)被吸入风轮腔室。因此可以做到没有水进入涡轮腔室，使回吸物为零。但是应该注意到在这一瞬间风轮腔室内仍为负压状态，需要补充外界大气才能与外界大气压平衡。因机头盖一侧的按钮盖体与机头盖体之间存在较大间隙，自然会从此补充大气使之达到与外界大气压一致。此时，若将手机机头全部浸入水中，在风轮室负压作用下水会从机头盖体与按钮盖体的缝隙进入涡轮腔室，造成医源性交叉感染。
以上的浸水试验说明专利ZL20061020074.X及其他涉及一侧的防回吸装置虽然在单侧浸水试验中有防回吸功能，甚至可以做到回吸量为零，但在机头体全浸水状态时却不能阻止回吸的发生，因为回吸物会从另一侧进入风轮腔室，因而仍然存在回吸现象并可能存在医源性交叉感染见图5、图6。
实验表明，单侧(机头体有钻针一侧)浸入水中的试验为零回吸的手机在全浸水中试验时仍有几十至几百毫克的回吸物进入手机中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种零回吸装置的高速涡轮牙钻手机，安装在机头体的两侧(有钻针的一侧及机头盖一侧)。
即本发明提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，由安装于牙钻手机机头体有钻针的一侧防回吸装置和安装于牙钻手机机头体有机头盖一侧的防回吸装置共同组成，所述牙钻手机包括机头体、钻针、机头盖、前机柄、后机柄，所述机头盖由机头盖体和按钮盖体组成，所述机头体和机头盖扣合的空间内设有带动钻针旋转的动力风轮及风轮轴， 该风轮轴由两个轴承支撑，该轴承与机头体之间设有O型橡胶减震圈，该风轮轴的上端设有所述机头盖，机头体的颈部设有水道、进气通道和排气通道，该进气通道的开口位于动力风轮处，其特征在于：
所述机头盖一侧防回吸装置由机头盖体和按钮盖体组成，在所述机头盖体与所述按钮盖体之间，位于机头盖体内侧设有环形卡槽，该卡槽内嵌设有O型密封圈；所述按钮盖体上设有单向出气球阀，所述单向出气球阀包含透气孔和与该透气孔相对应的阀体；
设在机头体内的所述风轮轴与所述钻针相连接的一端为圆锥状的刹车面，所述风轮轴的下端缩设在所述机头体内；所述机头体连接所述钻针一侧的端面上装设有弹性轴封罩及非弹性轴封罩，所述弹性轴封罩中心开设有钻针孔眼，该孔眼尺寸大于或略大于所述钻针外径尺寸，所述非弹性轴封罩外边缘与机头体外边缘借助螺纹相连，所述非弹性轴封罩的中心开设有钻针孔眼，该孔眼尺寸大于或略大于该钻针外径尺寸；
所述弹性轴封罩靠中心部分的厚度大于所述弹性轴封罩的中心部分与边缘之间的环形带厚度，所述弹性轴封罩的中心部分的内表面为锥面，与所述风轮轴刹车表面相配合；
所述弹性轴封罩设置于所述非弹性轴封罩内，该非弹性轴封罩的内壁形状与吹胀状态下的弹性轴封罩外部形状相配合；
在所述非弹性轴封罩一侧，所述弹性轴封罩中心部分嵌设有金属环。
机头体有钻针的一侧装有带弹性轴封罩的防回吸装置，该装置的弹性轴封罩在涡轮停止供气时在弹性轴封罩弹性复位与涡轮腔室中负压的共同作用下，其唇部(即弹性轴封罩中心靠近钻针的边缘)会压向风轮轴的锥端面，从而使风轮刹车并封住了风轮轴锥端面，使回吸物无法流入风轮室内。在机头盖的另一侧(即装有机头盖体的一侧)，本发明在机头盖体与按钮盖体之间加装了一支O型密封圈，该O型圈封住了按钮盖体与机头盖体之间形成的环形缝隙，不论风轮腔室内是正压或负压，气体均不能从此缝隙逸出或吸进。因此当风轮停止供气惯性旋转时，其内产生的负压不会从该缝隙吸进回吸物。
在按钮盖体中心处加装单向出气机构，优选单向球阀，当风轮正常运行工作时，风轮腔室为正压状态推动风轮旋转的气流轴向分量会从按钮盖体中心的单向球阀逸出，此时球阀中的阀球会被气压吹起。气流会从按钮盖体上透气孔中逸出，因此不会影响风轮的正常运行见图8。当风轮停止供气惯性运行时，风轮腔产生负压，此时阀球在负压作用下会自动复位而封住阀体的排气口，回吸物也不会从此进入。本发明的技术方案如下：
1.在机头体有钻针的一侧安装弹性轴封罩，弹性轴封罩中心唇部为圆锥状并与风轮 轴刹车锥端面相吻合，弹性轴封罩外装有非弹性轴封罩并与机头体外壳以螺纹相连接。
2.在机头体安装按钮机头盖体的一侧，在按钮盖体中心安装带阀球的单向阀，该单向阀在风轮正常旋转工作时会排出冷却轴承的正压气流，而在风轮停止供气惯性运转时，风轮腔室产生负压，阀球会封住单向阀排气口，从而阻止回吸物流入风轮腔室内。
3.在机头安装按钮盖体的一侧，在按钮盖体与机头盖体之间加装O型密封圈，从而封住两者之间产生的间隙，阻止回吸物从此间隙进入风轮腔室。由于O型圈为滑动配合，因此不会影响按钮盖体装卸钻针的动作。
4.在非弹性轴封罩一侧，所述弹性轴封罩中心部分嵌设了金属环。由于金属环的不可弯曲及内孔精度较高，可以防止弹性轴封罩被吹胀后的弧状变形使流通面积减小的缺点，从而减少了转速和输出功率损失。
本发明的有益效果为：
1.由于在机头体两侧(安装钻针一侧及安装按钮机头盖一侧)均安装了防回吸密封装置，因此有效的阻止了回吸的发生，不论是手机停转瞬间的负压测试还是机头全浸水试验(见图10)，其回吸量极其微小，可达到近似为零的回吸效果，有效杜绝医源性交叉感染。
2.安装了这些装置并不影响风轮正常运转及按钮盖体装卸钻针的动作。
3.本发明达到零回吸的目的，而且装置价格低廉，安装调试容易，便于大量生产，特别适合手机使用。
4.所述弹性轴封罩的材料选择要考虑能承受反复高温灭菌及一定的耐磨性。
本发明的工作原理：
钻针工作时即动力风轮被压缩空气吹动而旋转时，由驱动风轮气流的轴向分量而产生的气流会从风轮轴锥状端面与弹性轴封罩的锥状唇部的缝隙中流出，同时吹胀弹性轴封罩使风轮轴与弹性轴封罩脱离，与此同时，在风轮轴另一侧(即按钮机头盖体一侧)其中心的球状单向阀中的阀球被正压气流吹起并从按钮盖体上的4个小孔排出气流，此时，风轮轴及钻针可正常旋转，钻削牙齿。
当医生停止钻削时，即驱动风轮的气流消失，此时，风轮靠惯性继续旋转在风轮腔室内产生负压，此时
1)在机头体装有钻针的一侧弹性轴封罩靠自身弹性及风轮腔室内的负压共同作用下，其中心唇部会压向风轮轴锥状端面，从而密封了气体流通通道，并由于摩擦力，快 速制动，从而使污染物不会从钻针一侧进入风轮腔室。
2)在机头盖装有按钮机头盖体的一侧，其中心部位的单向球阀中的阀球在风轮腔室负压作用下会复位至阀体的排气口处而封住风轮腔室与外界的通道，回吸物不会从此流入机头内部，另外，在按钮盖体与机头盖体之间的O型密封圈封住了两者之间的间隙，因此从这一侧也不会有回吸物进入风轮腔室。
3)安装了本发明的零回吸装置后，医生切削牙齿或更换、装卸钻针等均不受影响。
在按钮盖体的中心处装有带阀球的单向阀，其作用为
a)在风轮旋转工作时排出冷却轴承的气流。
b)在风轮停气状态时阀球封住阀体排气口阻止回吸物流入风轮腔室。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述机头体和机头盖为金属材料
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述弹性轴封罩的材料是橡胶或者橡塑。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述非弹性轴封罩材料是金属材料。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述透气孔设在按钮盖体上，所述阀体设在按钮盖体上，位于牙钻手机内部一侧，与所述透气孔相对应，所述阀体内含有阀球，阀体下端设有排气口，与牙钻手机内部相通。
透气孔的数量大于1个。优选2-8个，更优选4个，透气孔的数量与大小和风轮设计所需的排气面积相关。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述阀体为金属制品。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述阀球为金属制品。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，所述金属环的外直径小于或略小于所述弹性轴封罩中心部分的外径，内直径尺寸大于或略大于钻针外径尺寸。
本发明中所述“略”为稍微的意思。
本发明还提供了一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置在高速涡轮牙钻手机的应用。
附图说明
图1：高速涡轮牙钻手机结构示意图；
图2：背景技术手机工作状态机头体装配图；(风轮腔室为正压状态，机头两端向外排气，不产生回吸)
图3：背景技术手机风轮停止供气惯性旋转产生负压状态机头体装配图；(风轮腔室为负压状态，机头两端向风轮腔室补充气流，产生污染物回吸现象)；
图4：ZL 200610200741.X专利阻止回吸状态图；
图5：单独钻针一侧防回吸装置图；
图6：单独钻针一侧防回吸装置手机停止时的负压状态图；
图7：本发明手机工作状态图；图7a为整体工作状态图，图7b为图7a中A处放大图；(风轮腔室为正压状态，机头两端向外排气，不产生回吸)；
图8：本发明手机风轮停止供气惯性旋转产生负压零回吸状态图；图8a整体状态图，图8b为机头盖体处放大图，图8c按钮盖体俯视图，图8d按钮盖体排气孔放大图，图8e为球阀防回吸状态图；
图9：机头安装钻针一侧半浸水试验图；(箭头部分为进气压力指示表)；
图10：机头全浸水试验图；(箭头部分为进气压力指示表)；
1—机头体 2—机头盖体 3—钻针 4—前机柄 5—后机柄 6—非弹性轴封罩 7—弹性轴封罩 8—金属环 9—风轮轴锥状端面 10—轴承 11—O型橡胶减震环圈 12—风轮13—风轮腔室 14—O型密封圈 15—按钮盖体 16—阀体排气口 17—透气孔 18—阀球19—阀体 20—风轮轴
具体实施方式
实施例1
参见图1、图8，本发明包括机头体1、机头盖体2、钻针3、前机柄4、后机柄5。本发明的零回吸装置安装在机头体1的两端。
1)安装在有钻针3的一侧，将风轮轴锥状端面9制成圆锥状，并与带内嵌金属环8的弹性轴封罩7的唇部相吻合，弹性轴封罩7的另一侧的对面加装安装于机头体1上的非弹性轴封罩6，防止弹性轴封罩7在正气压吹鼓时的过渡变形。同时弹性轴封罩7中心的金属环8能使弹性轴封罩7在吹鼓时弹性轴封罩中心部位平行于风轮轴20中心线平行移动而防止弹性轴封罩7唇部变形时使压缩空气通道变窄的情况发生，从而减少转速及输出功率损失。
该装置的弹性轴封罩6在涡轮停止供气时在弹性轴封罩6弹性复位与风轮腔室13中负压的共同作用下，其唇部(即弹性轴封罩中心靠近钻针的边缘)会压向风轮轴锥状端面9，从而使风轮12刹车并封住了风轮轴锥状端面9，使回吸物无法流入风轮腔室13。
2)在机头体1安装有机头盖一侧，做如下变更。
a)在按钮盖体15及机头盖体2之间加装一O型密封圈14，在机头盖内侧，即机头盖体2设有环状凹槽，嵌设O型密封圈，以阻断当风轮腔室13为负压时污染物从此进入机头内部。
b)在按钮盖体15中心处加装带阀球18的单向阀，其作用是：在风轮12旋转，风轮腔室内13为正压时，此单向阀通过透气孔17向外排出冷却轴承10的气体。在停止向风轮12供气，风轮12惯性旋转时，风轮腔室13内的负压将阀球18吸至复位状态，堵住阀体排气口16以防止污染物进入机头体1内。
机头体1和机头盖的材料为金属材料。
弹性轴封罩7为橡胶或橡塑制品。
弹性轴封罩7外的非弹性轴封罩6材质为金属制品。
按钮盖体15与机头盖体2之间的O型密封圈14为橡胶制品。
所述单向阀按钮盖体15的透气孔17的数量为2-8个，优选4个，透气孔的数量与大小和风轮设计所需的排气面积相关。
按钮盖体15中心安装的单向阀体19为金属制品，中心的阀球18为金属制品，优选为不锈钢球淬火使之变硬以增加耐磨性。
实施例2
本发明装有零回吸装置的高速涡轮牙钻手机的使用方法。
安装有本发明的零回吸装置的使用高速涡轮牙钻手机在使用方法及操作方法上与其他涡轮牙钻手机没有任何差别。
1)由于按钮盖体15与机头盖体2之间加装的O型密封圈14使医生装卸钻针时，按钮盖体抬起的速度稍稍变慢，但最终仍能完全抬起复位，向下按压按钮盖体时所使用的力度与一般手机完全一样，会感到更柔和，手感更好。
2)安装了零回吸装置的手机，在停止供气时能迅速刹车，从而防止回吸的发生，医生会感到更方便、更可靠、更安全。
3)由于回吸物几乎为零，完全杜绝了污染物进入机头体及手机和管线内，因此可有效的防止交叉感染。
实施例3
关于手机浸水试验的说明，见图9、图10。
手机的浸水试验是检测手机防回吸性能的一种可靠又简便的方法。
1)半浸水试验见图9：将手机从治疗接头中取下，用较精密的天平秤其重量，记录下此时手机的重量，然后重新装回治疗机中，关闭喷水管路，踏动脚踏开关使手机正常旋转，并将机头带钻针一侧浸入水杯的水中至机头体的一半位置后(不得使机头盖浸入水中)，在水中停车。停车后从水中取出手机并从治疗机中摘下手机，擦干手机外面的水珠，再次放在天平上称重。与未浸水时重量的增加量即为手机半浸水回吸量。
2)全浸水试验，见图10
这种试验与半浸水试验完全相同，只是在手机旋转后浸水时应将机头全部埋入水中，并在水中停车。取出手机后与未浸水时的重量相比，其增加量为回吸量。
本发明在全浸水或半浸水试验中均可将回吸增量控制为零或只有微不足道的回吸增量。因此称之为零回吸手机。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置，由安装于牙钻手机机头体有钻针的一侧防回吸装置和安装于牙钻手机机头体有机头盖一侧的防回吸装置共同组成，所述牙钻手机包括机头体、钻针、机头盖、前机柄、后机柄，所述机头盖由机头盖体和按钮盖体组成，所述机头体和机头盖扣合的空间内设有带动钻针旋转的动力风轮及风轮轴，该风轮轴由两个轴承支撑，该轴承与机头体之间设有O型橡胶减震圈，该风轮轴的上端设有所述机头盖，机头体的颈部设有水道、进气通道和排气通道，该进气通道的开口位于动力风轮处，其特征在于：
    所述机头盖一侧防回吸装置由机头盖体和按钮盖体组成，在所述机头盖体与所述按钮盖体之间，位于机头盖体内侧设有环形卡槽，该卡槽内嵌设有O型密封圈；所述按钮盖体上设有单向出气球阀，所述单向出气球阀包含透气孔和与该透气孔相对应的阀体；
    设在机头体内的所述风轮轴与所述钻针相连接的一端为圆锥状的刹车面，所述风轮轴的下端缩设在所述机头体内；所述机头体连接所述钻针一侧的端面上装设有弹性轴封罩及非弹性轴封罩，所述弹性轴封罩中心开设有钻针孔眼，该孔眼尺寸略大于所述钻针外径尺寸，所述非弹性轴封罩外边缘与机头体外边缘借助螺纹相连，所述非弹性轴封罩的中心开设有钻针孔眼，该孔眼尺寸略大于该钻针外径尺寸；
    所述弹性轴封罩靠中心部分的厚度大于所述弹性轴封罩的中心部分与边缘之间的环形带厚度，所述弹性轴封罩的中心部分的内表面为锥面，与所述风轮轴刹车表面相配合；
    所述弹性轴封罩设置于所述非弹性轴封罩内，该非弹性轴封罩的内壁形状与吹胀状态下的弹性轴封罩外部形状相配合；
    在所述非弹性轴封罩一侧，所述弹性轴封罩中心部分嵌设有金属环。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述机头体和机头盖为金属材料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述弹性轴封罩的材料是橡胶或者橡塑；所述非弹性轴封罩材料是金属材料。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于,所述机头盖体和按钮盖体之间的O型密封圈材料为橡胶或橡塑。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述透气孔设在按钮盖体上， 所述阀体设在按钮盖体上，位于牙钻手机内部一侧，与所述透气孔相对应，所述阀体内含有阀球，阀体下端设有排气口，与牙钻手机内部相通。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述透气孔的数量为2-8个。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述阀体为铜或不锈钢制品。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述阀球为不锈钢等金属。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的手机零回吸装置，其特征在于，所述金属环的外直径略小于所述弹性轴封罩中心部分的外径，内直径尺寸略大于所述钻针外径尺寸。
  10. 权利要求1所述手机零回吸装置在高速涡轮牙钻手机的应用。
PCT/CN2016/091513 2016-05-31 2016-07-25 高速涡轮牙钻手机零回吸装置 WO2017206298A1 (zh)

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