WO2021012299A1 - 用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法 - Google Patents

用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021012299A1
WO2021012299A1 PCT/CN2019/098422 CN2019098422W WO2021012299A1 WO 2021012299 A1 WO2021012299 A1 WO 2021012299A1 CN 2019098422 W CN2019098422 W CN 2019098422W WO 2021012299 A1 WO2021012299 A1 WO 2021012299A1
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feed
dual
microstrip antenna
polarized
dielectric substrate
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PCT/CN2019/098422
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金龙
李东升
吴金晶
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深圳市易探科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021012299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012299A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-polarized microstrip antenna for a mobile sensor and a signal transceiving method thereof.
  • Lighting, security, small household appliances and other smart homes will be equipped with antennas with microwave sensors for moving object detection.
  • One is a single-antenna solution with no isolation between receiving and sending. Since the single-antenna solution is not isolated between receiving and sending, a bridge or circulator must be connected to the circuit that is used to separate the receiving and sending signals to achieve the purpose of separating and receiving signals.
  • the other is a dual-antenna solution with separate transmission and reception.
  • the dual-antenna solution can be directly connected to the transceiver circuit, but the unavoidable volume of the dual antenna is larger than that of the single antenna, and the corresponding cost is relatively high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-polarized microstrip antenna for mobile sensors and a signal transceiving method thereof.
  • the present invention directly uses a single antenna and uses two feed point ports to separately excite The two orthogonal radiation modes and the orthogonality of the eigenmodes make the two feed ports naturally isolated, and obtain the effect of separate transmission and reception.
  • a dual-polarization microstrip antenna for a mobile sensor the dual-polarization microstrip antenna includes:
  • the dielectric substrate is provided with two conductive metal feeding vias
  • the radiating metal patch is located on a surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • Two feeding ports deviating from the center of the radiating metal patch are provided on the radiating metal patch, which pass through the two conductive metal feeding vias.
  • the grounded metal surface covers and closely adheres to the other surface of the dielectric substrate, and is provided with isolation regions at the positions of the two feeder ports to insulate the feeder ports from the grounded metal surface.
  • the dielectric substrate is an FR4 board or a microwave dielectric board.
  • connection line between the two feed through holes and the center of the radiating metal patch is 90 degrees.
  • the radiating metal patch includes one of a round patch and a square patch.
  • the radiant metal patch is a circular patch with a diameter of 10-18 mm.
  • the radiating metal patch is a square patch with a side length of 8-15 mm.
  • the radiating metal patch is a microstrip resonant antenna that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves and converts them into voltage and current signals.
  • the grounded metal surface and the radiating metal patch form a resonant cavity and direct electromagnetic radiation and reception to the upper space of the radiating metal patch.
  • a signal transceiving method of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Connect one of the feed ports on the dual-polarized microstrip antenna to the receiver, and the other feed port to the transmitter. Both feed ports are feed points; set two feeders The through holes are the feed through hole V and the feed through hole H;
  • Step 2 The direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the feed through hole V is the X direction, the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the feed through hole H is the Y direction, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Y direction;
  • Step 3 The feed through hole V is connected to the transmitter, and the feed through hole H is connected to the receiver;
  • Step 4 The electromagnetic wave is polarized and radiated in the X direction.
  • the cross-polarized Y-polarized component of the reflected electromagnetic wave is received through the feed through hole H and enters Receiver processing, because the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feed points are orthogonal, the feed through hole V and feed through hole H are naturally isolated inside the dual-polarized microstrip antenna, and the receiving feed point will not receive the transmission feed point.
  • the through signal can only receive the cross-polarized component caused by the reflection of the object.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the dual-polarized microstrip antenna used for the 5.8GHz mobile sensor of the present invention directly uses a single antenna to obtain the effect of separate transmission and reception.
  • the single antenna does not require additional termination power.
  • Bridges or circulators are also smaller than dual antennas.
  • the dual-polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention adopts a round or square patch antenna.
  • the feeding point is placed at two orthogonal positions deviating from the center of the circle, and the feeding point is connected from the back of the antenna to the feeding position through a through hole.
  • the connection between the feeding point and the center of the circle is in an orthogonal relationship of 90 degrees, and the polarization directions of electromagnetic wave radiation generated by different feeding points are also orthogonal.
  • the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feeding points are orthogonal, so The coupling is very weak. Connect one of the feed points to the receiver and the other feed point to the transmitter. A single antenna will naturally obtain two separate signals.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a side structure of a dielectric substrate with a radiation metal patch attached to a dielectric substrate in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back surface of the dielectric substrate covering the grounded metal surface in the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side structure of a dielectric substrate with radiant metal patches attached to the dielectric substrate in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back surface of the dielectric substrate covering the grounded metal surface in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited. For example, they can be fixed or detachable. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of the two components, which can be a wireless connection or a wired connection connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of the two components, which can be a wireless connection or a wired connection connection.
  • the specific structure of the present invention is as follows, taking a circular radiating metal patch as an example:
  • the dual-polarization microstrip antenna for mobile sensors of the present invention includes:
  • the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with two conductive metal feeding vias;
  • the radiating metal patch 2 is located on a surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the radiating metal patch 2 is provided with two feeding ports 24 deviated from the center 23 of the radiating metal patch, which are fed through the two conductive metal Electrical vias pass through the dielectric substrate 1 to the back of the dielectric substrate 1 and are respectively connected to the receiving and transmitting ports of the transceiver;
  • the grounding metal surface 3 covers and closely adheres to the other surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and is provided with isolation regions 31 at the positions of the two feeding ports to insulate the feeding port and the grounding metal surface 3.
  • the dielectric substrate is an FR4 board or a microwave dielectric board.
  • the thickness of the FR4 board is determined according to actual needs, and the microwave dielectric board is a dielectric board with low loss signals.
  • connection line between the two feed through holes and the center 23 of the radiating metal patch is 90 degrees.
  • the radiant metal patch 2 is a circular patch with a diameter of 10-18 mm.
  • a more preferred solution is that the circular patch is 13.8 mm.
  • the radiating metal patch 2 is a microstrip resonant antenna that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves and converts them into voltage and current signals.
  • the grounded metal surface 3 and the radiating metal patch 2 form a resonant cavity and direct electromagnetic radiation and reception to the upper space of the radiating metal patch 2.
  • Embodiment 1 there are X-axis and Y-axis directions in the figure.
  • the two feed through holes in Embodiment 1 are feed through holes V and feed through holes H.
  • the feed through holes V excite The direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field is the X-axis direction in Figure 1, and the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the feed through hole H is the Y-axis direction in Figure 1. Since electromagnetic waves satisfy the reciprocity theorem, emission and reception can be exchanged, You can connect any one of the feed ports to the receiver, and the other feed port to the transmitter. If it is connected to the transmitter through the feed through hole V, the electromagnetic wave is polarized and radiated in the X-axis direction.
  • the cross-polarized Y-polarized component of the reflected electromagnetic wave is received through the feed through hole H and enters the receiving Because the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feed points are orthogonal, the feed through hole V and the feed through hole H are naturally isolated inside the antenna, and the receiving feed point will not receive the through signal from the transmitting feed point, but can only receive To the cross-polarized component produced by the reflection from the object.
  • Embodiment 2 The specific structure of the present invention is as follows, taking a square radiating metal patch as an example:
  • the dual-polarization microstrip antenna for mobile sensors of the present invention includes:
  • the second dielectric substrate 10 is provided with two second power feeding vias;
  • the second radiating metal patch 20 is mounted on a surface of the second dielectric substrate 10, on which two radiating metal patches 20 are arranged offset from the center 231 of the second radiating metal patch and are connected to The second feed through hole of the transceiver, which communicates with the two second feed through holes and uses conductive metal to pass through the second dielectric substrate 10 to the back of the second dielectric substrate 10 to form a second Two feeding ports 241;
  • the second grounding metal surface 30 covers and abuts against the other surface of the second dielectric substrate 10, and is provided with a second isolation region 311 at the position of the two second feeding ports 241 to enable the second feeding
  • the port 241 forms an isolation structure with the second grounded metal surface 30.
  • the shapes of the second dielectric substrate 10 and the second grounded metal surface 30 are not limited, as long as the area of the second grounded metal surface 30 is larger than that of the second dielectric The area of the substrate 10 and the second grounded metal surface 30 should completely cover the back surface of the second dielectric substrate 10.
  • the second dielectric substrate 10 includes one of an FR4 board and a microwave dielectric board, the thickness of the FR4 board is determined according to actual requirements, and the microwave dielectric board is a dielectric board with low loss signals.
  • connection line between the two second feed through holes and the center 231 of the second radiating metal patch is 90 degrees.
  • the second radiating metal patch 20 is a square patch with a side length of 8-15 mm.
  • a more preferred solution is: the side length of the second radiating metal patch 20 It is 11.5mm.
  • the second radiating metal patch 20 is a microstrip resonant antenna that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves and converts them into voltage and current signals.
  • the second grounded metal surface 30 and the second radiating metal patch 20 form a resonant cavity and direct electromagnetic radiation and reception to the upper space of the second radiating metal patch 20 .
  • a preferred technical solution of this embodiment two second feeding ports 241, one of the second feeding ports 241 is connected to the receiver, and the other second feeding port 241 is connected to the transmitter.
  • the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are provided in the figure, and the two second power feed through holes in Embodiment 1 are respectively the second power feed through hole V and the second power feed through hole H,
  • the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the second feed through hole V is the X axis direction in FIG. 4
  • the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the second feed through hole H is the Y axis direction in FIG.
  • the workability theorem, transmission and reception can be exchanged, and any one of the second feeding ports can be connected to the receiver, and the other second feeding port can be connected to the transmitter.
  • the electromagnetic wave is polarized and radiated in the X-axis direction. If it is reflected by an object, the cross-polarized Y-polarized component of the reflected electromagnetic wave passes through the second feed through hole H Receive and enter the receiver for processing. Since the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feed points are orthogonal, the second feed through hole V and the second feed through hole H are naturally isolated inside the antenna, and the receiving feed point will not receive the transmitting feed. The through signal at a point can only receive the cross-polarized component caused by the reflection of the object.
  • a signal transceiving method of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna includes the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.
  • the signal transceiving method of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Connect one of the feed ports on the dual-polarized microstrip antenna to the receiver, and the other feed port to the transmitter. Both feed ports are feed points; set two feeders The through holes are the feed through hole V and the feed through hole H;
  • Step 2 The direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the feed through hole V is the X direction, the direction of the electromagnetic wave radiation field excited by the feed through hole H is the Y direction, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Y direction;
  • Step 3 The feed through hole V is connected to the transmitter, and the feed through hole H is connected to the receiver;
  • Step 4 The electromagnetic wave is polarized and radiated in the X direction.
  • the cross-polarized Y-polarized component of the reflected electromagnetic wave is received through the feed through hole H and enters Receiver processing, because the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feed points are orthogonal, the feed through hole V and feed through hole H are naturally isolated inside the dual-polarized microstrip antenna, and the receiving feed point will not receive the transmission feed point.
  • the through signal can only receive the cross-polarized component caused by the reflection of the object.
  • the dual-polarized microstrip antenna used in the 5.8GHz mobile sensor of the present invention directly uses a single antenna to obtain the effect of separate transmission and reception.
  • the single antenna does not require additional termination bridges or circulators, and is more compact
  • the dual antenna is small.
  • the dual-polarized microstrip antenna of the present invention adopts a round patch antenna.
  • the feeding point is placed at two orthogonal positions deviated from the center of the circle, and the back of the antenna is connected to the feeding position through a through hole.
  • the connection line between the point and the center of the circle is in an orthogonal relationship of 90 degrees, and the polarization directions of the electromagnetic wave radiation generated by different feeding points are also in an orthogonal relationship.
  • the electromagnetic wave modes excited by the two feedings are orthogonal, so the coupling is very high. Weak, one of the feed points is connected to the receiver, and the other feed point is connected to the transmitter, a single antenna will naturally obtain two separate signals.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法，该双极化微带天线包括介质基片、辐射金属贴片以及接地金属面，介质基片设有两个导电金属馈电过孔；辐射金属贴片位于介质基片的一表面，在该辐射金属贴片上设置有两个偏离辐射金属贴片中心的馈电端口，其通过两个导电金属馈电过孔穿过介质基片至介质基片的背面分别连接到收发机的接收和发射端口；接地金属面覆盖并贴紧介质基片的另一表面，其在两个馈电端口位置设置有隔离区以使馈电端口与接地金属面绝缘。本发明的双极化微带天线用于收发分离结构的5.8GHz移动传感器，直接使用单天线，获得收发分离的效果，该单天线并不需要额外端接电桥或者环形器，体积也比双天线小。

Description

用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法 技术领域
本发明涉及天线技术领域，具体的说是涉及一种用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法。
背景技术
照明、安防、小家电和其它智能家居，会设置有移动物体检测的微波传感器的天线。
目前，5.8GHz移动物体检测的传感器天线主要有两大类方案：
1.一种是收发不隔离的单天线方案，单天线的方案由于收发不隔离，应用于收发分离的电路中必须外接电桥或者环形器以达到分离收发信号的目的。
2.另一种是收发分离的双天线方案，双天线方案可以直接分别端接到收发电路中，但双天线不可避免的体积要比单天线的大，相应的成本比较高。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供了用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线及其信号收发方法，本发明直接使用单天线，利用两个馈点端口分别激励两个正交的辐射模式，本征模式的正交使得两个馈电端口天然隔离，获得收发分离的效果。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下方案来实现：用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，该双极化微带天线包括：
介质基片，设有两个导电金属馈电过孔；
辐射金属贴片，位于所述介质基片的一表面，在该辐射金属贴片上设置有两个偏离辐射金属贴片中心的馈电端口，其通过所述两个导电金属馈电过孔穿过所述介质基片至所述介质基片的背面分别连接到收发机的接收和发射端口；
接地金属面，覆盖并贴紧所述介质基片的另一表面，其在两个馈电端口位置设置有隔离区以使所述馈电端口与所述接地金属面绝缘。
进一步的，所述介质基片为FR4板或者微波介质板。
进一步的，两个馈电通孔与辐射金属贴片中心的连线成90度。
进一步的，所述辐射金属贴片包括圆形贴片、方形贴片的一种。
更进一步的，所述辐射金属贴片为圆形贴片，其直径为10～18mm。
更进一步的，所述辐射金属贴片为方形贴片，其边长为8～15mm。
进一步的，所述辐射金属贴片为辐射和接收电磁波并转化成电压和电流信号的微带谐振 天线。
进一步的，所述接地金属面与所述辐射金属贴片构成谐振腔并使电磁辐射和接收指向所述辐射金属贴片的上部空间。
一种双极化微带天线的信号收发方法，该双极化微带天线的信号收发方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将双极化微带天线上的其中一馈电端口接入到接收机，另一个馈电端口接入到发射机，两个馈电端口均为馈电点；设两个馈电通孔分别是馈电通孔V和馈电通孔H；
步骤二，馈电通孔V激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为X方向，馈电通孔H激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为Y方向，X方向与Y方向垂直；
步骤三，馈电通孔V接入到发射机，馈电通孔H接入到接收机；
步骤四，电磁波以X方向极化辐射，在电磁波以X方向极化辐射的方向上，如果遇到物体反射，反射电磁波中的交叉极化的Y极化分量通过馈电通孔H接收，进入接收机处理，由于两馈电点激励电磁波模式正交，馈电通孔V以及馈电通孔H在双极化微带天线内部自然隔离，接收馈电点不会收到发射馈电点的直通信号，只能收到由物体反射产生的交叉极化分量。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的用于5.8GHz移动传感器的双极化微带天线直接使用单天线，获得收发分离的效果，该单天线并不需要额外端接电桥或者环形器，体积也比双天线小。
本发明的双极化微带天线本身采用圆或者方形贴片天线，通过偏离圆心的两个正交位置放置馈电点，通过通孔的方式由天线的背面连接到馈电位置，由于两个馈电点与圆心的连线成90度的正交关系，不同的馈电点产生的电磁波辐射的极化方向也成正交关系，两个馈电激励的电磁波模式是正交关系，所以其耦合很弱，将其中一个馈点接入到接收机，另一馈点接入到发射机，单个天线自然获得两路分离的信号。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1介质基片贴装有辐射金属贴片的一面结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1双极化微带天线侧向结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例1介质基片背面覆盖接地金属面结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例2介质基片贴装有辐射金属贴片的一面结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例2双极化微带天线侧向结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例2介质基片背面覆盖接地金属面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。显然，本发明所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是无线连接，也可以是有线连接。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1，本发明的具体结构如下，以圆形辐射金属贴片为例：
请参照附图1-3，本发明的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，该双极化微带天线包括：
介质基片1，设有两个导电金属馈电过孔；
辐射金属贴片2，位于所述介质基板1的一表面，在该辐射金属贴片2上设置有两个偏离辐射金属贴片中心23的馈电端口24，其通过所述两个导电金属馈电过孔穿过所述介质基片1至所述介质基片1的背面分别连接到收发机的接收和发射端口；
接地金属面3，覆盖并贴紧所述介质基片1的另一表面，其在两个馈电端口位置设置有隔离区31以使所述馈电端口与所述接地金属面3形成绝缘。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述介质基片为FR4板或者微波介质板。FR4板的厚度根据实际需求而定，微波介质板为低损耗信号的介质板。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：两个馈电通孔与辐射金属贴片中心23的连线成90度。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述辐射金属贴片2为圆形贴片，其直径为10～18mm， 更加优选的方案是：所述圆形贴片为13.8mm。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述辐射金属贴片2为辐射和接收电磁波并转化成电压和电流信号的微带谐振天线。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述接地金属面3与所述辐射金属贴片2构成谐振腔并使电磁辐射和接收指向所述辐射金属贴片2的上部空间。
如图1所示，图中设有X轴方向和Y轴方向，设实施例1中的两个馈电通孔分别是馈电通孔V和馈电通孔H，馈电通孔V激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为图1中的X轴方向，馈电通孔H激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为图1中的Y轴方向，由于电磁波满足互易性定理，发射和接收可以交换，可以将任意其中一个馈电端口接入到接收机，另一个馈电端口接入到发射机。如以馈电通孔V接入到发射机，电磁波以X轴方向极化辐射，如遇到物体反射，反射电磁波中的交叉极化的Y极化分量通过馈电通孔H接收，进入接收机处理，由于两馈电点激励电磁波模式正交，馈电通孔V和馈电通孔H在天线内部自然隔离，接收馈电点不会收到发射馈电点的直通信号，只能收到由物体反射产生的交叉极化分量。
实施例2：本发明的具体结构如下，以方形辐射金属贴片为例：
请参照附图4-6，本发明的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，该双极化微带天线包括：
第二介质基片10，设有两个第二馈电过孔；
第二辐射金属贴片20，贴装于所述第二介质基片10的一表面，在该第二辐射金属贴片20上设置两个偏离第二辐射金属贴片中心231的且分别连接到收发机的第二馈电通孔，其与所述两个第二馈电过孔相通并以导电金属穿过所述第二介质基片10至所述第二介质基片10的背面构成第二馈电端口241；
第二接地金属面30，覆盖并贴紧所述第二介质基片10的另一表面，其在两个第二馈电端口241位置设置有第二隔离区311以使所述第二馈电端口241与所述第二接地金属面30形成隔离结构，第二介质基片10和第二接地金属面30的外形不限定，其只要满足第二接地金属面30的面积大于所述第二介质基片10的面积且第二接地金属面30要全覆盖所述第二介质基片10的背面。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述第二介质基片10包括FR4板、微波介质板的一种，FR4板的厚度根据实际需求而定，微波介质板为低损耗信号的介质板。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：两个第二馈电通孔与第二辐射金属贴片中心231的连线成90度。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述第二辐射金属贴片20为方形贴片，其边长为8～15mm，更加优选的方案是：所述第二辐射金属贴片20的边长为11.5mm。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述第二辐射金属贴片20为辐射和接收电磁波并转化成电压和电流信号的微带谐振天线。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：所述第二接地金属面30与所述第二辐射金属贴片20构成谐振腔并使电磁辐射和接收指向所述第二辐射金属贴片20的上部空间。
本实施例的一种优选技术方案：两个第二馈电端口241，其中一个第二馈电端口241接入到接收机，另一个第二馈电端口241接入到发射机。
如图4所示，图中设有X轴方向和Y轴方向，设实施例1中的两个第二馈电通孔分别是第二馈电通孔V和第二馈电通孔H，第二馈电通孔V激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为图4中的X轴方向，第二馈电通孔H激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为图4中的Y轴方向，由于电磁波满足互易性定理，发射和接收可以交换，可以将任意其中一个第二馈电端口接入到接收机，另一个第二馈电端口接入到发射机。如以第二馈电通孔V接入到发射机，电磁波以X轴方向极化辐射，如遇到物体反射，反射电磁波中的交叉极化的Y极化分量通过第二馈电通孔H接收，进入接收机处理，由于两馈电点激励电磁波模式正交，第二馈电通孔V和第二馈电通孔H在天线内部自然隔离，接收馈电点不会收到发射馈电点的直通信号，只能收到由物体反射产生的交叉极化分量。
实施例3：
一种双极化微带天线的信号收发方法，包括实施例1或实施例2中的双极化微带天线结构，该双极化微带天线的信号收发方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将双极化微带天线上的其中一馈电端口接入到接收机，另一个馈电端口接入到发射机，两个馈电端口均为馈电点；设两个馈电通孔分别是馈电通孔V和馈电通孔H；
步骤二，馈电通孔V激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为X方向，馈电通孔H激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为Y方向，X方向与Y方向垂直；
步骤三，馈电通孔V接入到发射机，馈电通孔H接入到接收机；
步骤四，电磁波以X方向极化辐射，在电磁波以X方向极化辐射的方向上，如果遇到物体反射，反射电磁波中的交叉极化的Y极化分量通过馈电通孔H接收，进入接收机处理，由于两馈电点激励电磁波模式正交，馈电通孔V以及馈电通孔H在双极化微带天线内部自然隔离，接收馈电点不会收到发射馈电点的直通信号，只能收到由物体反射产生的交叉极化分量。
综上所述，本发明的用于5.8GHz移动传感器的双极化微带天线直接使用单天线，获得收发分离的效果，该单天线并不需要额外端接电桥或者环形器，体积也比双天线小。本发明的双极化微带天线本身采用圆贴片天线，通过偏离圆心的两个正交位置放置馈电点，通过通孔的方式由天线的背面连接到馈电位置，由于两个馈电点与圆心的连线成90度的正交关系，不同的馈电点产生的电磁波辐射的极化方向也成正交关系，两个馈电激励的电磁波模式是正交关系，所以其耦合很弱，将其中一个馈点接入到接收机，另一馈点接入到发射机，单个天线自然获得两路分离的信号。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，该双极化微带天线包括：
    介质基片(1)，设有两个导电金属馈电过孔；
    辐射金属贴片(2)，位于所述介质基板(1)的一表面，在该辐射金属贴片(2)上设置有两个偏离辐射金属贴片中心(23)的馈电端口(24)，其通过所述两个导电金属馈电过孔穿过所述介质基片(1)至所述介质基片(1)的背面分别连接到收发机的接收和发射端口；
    接地金属面(3)，覆盖并贴紧所述介质基片(1)的另一表面，其在两个馈电端口位置设置有隔离区(31)以使所述馈电端口与所述接地金属面(3)形成绝缘。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述介质基片为FR4板或者微波介质板。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，两个馈电通孔与辐射金属贴片中心(23)的连线成90度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述辐射金属贴片(2)包括圆形贴片、方形贴片的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述辐射金属贴片(2)为圆形贴片，其直径为10～18mm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述辐射金属贴片(2)为方形贴片，其边长为8～15mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述辐射金属贴片(2)为辐射和接收电磁波并转化成电压和电流信号的微带谐振天线。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的用于移动传感器的双极化微带天线，其特征在于，所述接地金属面(3)与所述辐射金属贴片(2)构成谐振腔并使电磁辐射和接收指向所述辐射金属贴片(2)的上部空间。
  9. 一种双极化微带天线的信号收发方法，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-9任意一项所述的双极化微带天线；
    该双极化微带天线的信号收发方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，将双极化微带天线上的其中一馈电端口接入到接收机，另一个馈电端口接入到发射机，两个馈电端口均为馈电点；设两个馈电通孔分别是馈电通孔V和馈电通孔H；
    步骤二，馈电通孔V激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为X方向，馈电通孔H激励的电磁波辐射电场的方向为Y方向，X方向与Y方向垂直；
    步骤三，馈电通孔V接入到发射机，馈电通孔H接入到接收机；
    步骤四，电磁波以X方向极化辐射，在电磁波以X方向极化辐射的方向上，如果遇到物体反射，反射电磁波中的交叉极化的Y极化分量通过馈电通孔H接收，进入接收机处理，由于两馈电点激励电磁波模式正交，馈电通孔V以及馈电通孔H在双极化微带天线内部自然隔离，接收馈电点不会收到发射馈电点的直通信号，只能收到由物体反射产生的交叉极化分量。
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