WO2021010808A9 - Iot기술을 이용한 전기재해 선제적 탐지 및 예방 시스템 - Google Patents
Iot기술을 이용한 전기재해 선제적 탐지 및 예방 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021010808A9 WO2021010808A9 PCT/KR2020/009645 KR2020009645W WO2021010808A9 WO 2021010808 A9 WO2021010808 A9 WO 2021010808A9 KR 2020009645 W KR2020009645 W KR 2020009645W WO 2021010808 A9 WO2021010808 A9 WO 2021010808A9
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- H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the prevention of electric disasters by measuring and analyzing the characteristics of the line such as power loss and line resistance of the line and detecting abnormal signs of the power grid in advance.
- the electric breaker is a method to cut off the load supply power when the current exceeds a preset threshold. Electric fires can occur below the safety limits of electric circuit breakers, but the existing technology has no solution for this.
- the present invention uses communication technology such as IoT technology to detect abnormal signs of fire that may occur in an electric distribution network, and measures the physical quantity of the line at the feed end and the load end in a live state at all times to measure the power lost on the line By indirectly measuring the line resistance and the cause, it detects a fault in the line and detects a fire sign.
- communication technology such as IoT technology
- Detecting faults in the power grid that supplies power is very important and affects safety management and preventive maintenance/repair. In particular, it is very important to detect faults before disasters occur. Since electricity was put into practical use, there have been numerous studies to detect defects in the power system at an early stage.
- the current safety-related major technology could detect a fault only after a device failure occurred or had an effect due to an electrical fault in the power grid or power system.
- Existing overcurrent circuit breaker technology still has an area in which an accident caused by a defect in the transmission line has not been detected.
- the threshold of the existing electrical safety protection technology is set by multiplying the maximum value of the load's available current capacity by the margin. It is subject to one line protection mechanism when one line is used in a power system with multiple loads. That is, since the protection threshold is determined by the sum of the current capacities of the loads connected to the line, when a device with a heavy load capacity and a load with a light load are mixed, the trip condition is set appropriately for the heavy load, so short circuit within the rating of ) is out of the protection area.
- the protection mechanism does not work properly according to the load or the allowable capacity of the line, but is applied collectively, so there is an undetectable area of the protection function.
- the existing safety cutoff technology does not distinguish between a light short circuit and a normal load, so the safety technology for detecting a light short circuit or electric shock is insufficient, so there is an area where the existing risk of fire or electric shock cannot be detected.
- AFCI Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter
- the present invention can estimate the amount of heat generated on the line by measuring power lost or line resistance on a line receiving power.
- the technical idea of the present invention is Kirchhoff's current law and voltage by collecting data at all times (in real time) using (live) measurement technology and Internet of Things technology for a power grid in the form of a distributed mesh network. It is a method of finding energy loss due to faults in the power grid through extended analysis of the law. It is a method that detects and monitors abnormal signs of accidents in advance to maintain the integrity of the power grid or operate the power system only within a safe range. It is the realization of an electric disaster prevention system that can fundamentally prevent electric disasters by implementing a verification/detection mechanism.
- the causes of electrical disasters are largely classified into two types of electrical faults as follows. Electrical faults such as short circuit, defective/damaged insulation, insulation breakdown (moisture/dust), ground fault/interference, short circuit, tracking, overload/overcurrent, etc. are collectively defined as parallel faults, and conductor damage (half breakage), Electrical faults such as connection faults (connection faults), contact faults, and compression damage are collectively defined as serial faults.
- most of the electrical faults can be detected in advance by live wire measurement technology, so that power consumed by all abnormal loads can be detected in real time.
- the present invention is a method of constantly monitoring electrical faults in the power grid and automatically taking appropriate measures.
- anomalies can be detected before they develop into accidents, so accidents can be predicted. disasters can be prevented.
- random/sudden accidents such as light short circuits (short-circuits, electric shocks below the trip current) of the live charging circuits that were not detected by the existing protectors (such as circuit breakers), so that the power supply to the power grid is cut off. to take effective measures to prevent the progression of the accident.
- the present invention measures basic electrical characteristics such as voltage and current of the power supply end and the load end in the energized state of the electric network in order to detect an abnormal sign of fire, line resistance, connection parasitic resistance, power lost in the line, leakage current, Anomalies are detected by measuring electrical characteristics such as maximum allowable current, overload, arcing, and current instability, analyzing them in real time, and tracking the changes in real time.
- the sign detection technology of the present invention measures basic physical quantities such as line voltage and current at the feed end and load end in a live state at all times, and converts line resistance and line loss power in real time to determine the amount of heat that can be generated on the line By presuming, you can notify managers before they become big problems or eliminate their causes so they can be prevented before they turn into a real story.
- the power grid that supplies power may have various electrical faults for various reasons. That is, various forms such as electrical contact, carbonization of connection, incomplete connection, loose connection state, contact resistance, poor contact, connection defect, insulation breakdown, improper installation, damage, semi-disconnection, physical aging/transformation, and chemical corrosion may be seen, but the present invention In Fig., the electrical component related to the heat generated by this deterioration phenomenon is expressed as Parasitic Resistance (4).
- the parasitic resistance ( , ) can be found in changes in electrical properties such as an increase in The increase in line resistance causes power loss when current flows and is immediately converted to Joule heat. If it exceeds a certain value, it becomes a condition for ignition. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize this or detect the existence of this phenomenon in advance.
- the resistive element is converted into Joule heat when current flows, so a line defect caused by the increase of the resistive element is detected.
- the line deterioration resistance is more dangerous than the distributed resistance of the line having the same distribution constant since it is concentrated in a specific physical location.
- Loss of electrical energy due to parasitic resistance of a line is expressed as an increase in power dissipated between both ends of a line or an increase in voltage drop, and a decrease in dielectric strength develops into a short circuit or short circuit.
- energy loss occurs due to a short circuit or short circuit in the power grid in the active state, it is left unattended. This energy loss exceeds the limit and shows abnormal signs such as temperature rise and power consumption increase before a dangerous situation occurs. Therefore, if this electrical abnormality is detected early, it is possible to prevent electric fires occurring on the line.
- the abnormality can be measured and quantified, so it can be used as a factor that can objectify the safety of the line.
- the voltage at the feed end ( ), the voltage at the receiving end ( ) and load current ( ) is measured and converted to the line loss power ( , line dissipation power), line resistance ( ), load power ( ), load resistance ( ) and total supply power ( ) can be obtained.
- 3 shows the leakage resistance ( ) when there is no line resistance ( ), shows the line loss power, load power consumption, and total power consumption trend.
- the power dissipated in the line exceeds a certain amount, it can be generated by ignition. Therefore, when this power exceeds the set reference value, it is possible to prevent ignition by cutting off the power supplied to the load. This dissipated power may cause ignition even within the allowable current of the overload circuit breaker 14 .
- the maximum line loss power ( ) is the load rated power ( ) can reach 25% of ( ). Therefore, even with the same line conditions, the greater the rated power of the load, the more dangerous.
- Loss power in the line is a direct cause of line ignition.
- Line loss power is due to excess of allowable power or line deterioration (line defect) aging, physical/chemical deformation - Deteriorated parts generate relatively excessive joule heat. This heat can be a direct cause of ignition.
- load rated power : normal resistance of the line
- Parasitic resistance of the line ( , ) is the abnormal power loss.
- Abnormal power loss ( ) is the line loss power ( ) in the normal line loss power ( ) minus ( ), which is a parasitic resistance caused by a fault, and is normally lost power ( ) is close to 0, so to be.
- Line loss power ( ) is the line resistance ( ) is the load resistance ( ) is the same, the maximum power loss occurs in the line.
- Line resistance provides a method to calculate line resistance in energized state as basic data that can analyze deterioration factors or the trend/progression of deterioration as well as accident prevention. The following method can be calculated even in an on-line state, so that measurement values can be collected on the network.
- Equation-2 is the relative voltage ratio of the water supply front ( ) and line resistance ( ) shows a correlation.
- the line resistance can be calculated in an indirect way by measuring the voltage at the feed end, the voltage at the receiving end, and the line current.
- line resistance ( ) is the feed-end voltage ( ), the receiving end (load) voltage ( ) and the receiving end (load) current ( ) and converted to the following formula (Equation-2), it can be calculated indirectly.
- Normal normal line resistance ( ) is the line resistance ( ) means the normal part, so abnormal line resistance ( ) is the summed total line resistance ( ) can be considered.
- the present invention monitors the voltage drop or power loss between both ends of a line (feeder end-receiver end) that is easy to measure among the electrical abnormalities of the power grid to prevent the occurrence of a fire.
- a line feeder end-receiver end
- An example of the implementation of the detection technique in advance is shown.
- An increase in parasitic resistance of a power line appears as a change in electrical energy loss (power consumption) on the line. As the resistance of the electrical defect area increases, the voltage drop and power dissipation of the line increase.
- the line loss power 10 shows the change in line loss power according to the line resistance change at a constant load.
- the line loss power also shows an increasing trend, but has a maximum value when it has the same value as the load resistance, at this time
- the maximum power loss is the load rated power. to the most dangerous situation.
- the present invention can detect a sign of a fire accident that may occur on the line by measuring the power lost on the line.
- This method measures the line voltage drop and load current, calculates the lost power, and cuts off the load current when the threshold value is exceeded. It is possible to prevent fires occurring on the line. Also, if the line resistance value increases by more than a certain value in conversion, the same result can be obtained even when the load current is cut off. If the voltage at the feed end is stable, the desired purpose can be achieved simply by measuring only the voltage drop rate.
- Existing fire prevention methods are mainly used to detect and block overcurrent, leakage current, and arc generation.
- this method it is difficult to detect a fire caused by an increase in line resistance. In other words, it is possible to cause a fire due to deterioration of the line even at a normal load within the allowable power.
- the dotted line 160 is an area in which excessive power that can cause a fire is lost. When entering this area, the supply power must be immediately cut off.
- the threshold can be set in various ways.
- usable power can be calculated by calculating the resistance or maximum allowable current of a pre-installed line in advance in order to prevent a fire, so it can be utilized in the construction of a safe power grid.
- the safety maximum current value of the line is the power supply voltage ( ), the receiving end (load) voltage ( ) and load current ( ) and measure the maximum allowable voltage drop rate ( ) can be applied to convert
- the core principle of this electric disaster prevention technology is to detect a line defect by measuring/analyzing the physical quantity of the line reflecting the electrical characteristics of the line due to the current flowing in the line, and finding the signs of fire based on this.
- the line resistance ( ) voltage drop across the line, load voltage and line loss power ( ) shows a change in
- the symptoms of line deterioration are abnormal signs of increase and decrease of line loss power and increase of line voltage drop due to a change in line resistance, so it is monitored to predict and detect dangerous situations.
- detection of anomalies can achieve its intended purpose by selecting any physical quantity such as line loss power, line voltage drop, load voltage fluctuation, and line resistance as a control variable.
- the threshold 79 may have a fixed value, and if it is dynamically set by changing it according to the power supply time, the input power voltage, and the type and characteristics of the load, a more flexible and sophisticated system can be built. If this is developed, it is possible to construct a system more suitable for the situation by learning the characteristics of the load and setting the threshold 79 variably.
- a soft-start method other than a simple on/off method can also be considered for shutting off or inputting the load power, and can be applied to all electrical devices regardless of AC/DC.
- One embodiment shown in the conceptual diagrams of Figures -1, 12, and 13 includes means 10 for measuring the line voltage of the feeding stage 11; means (20, 22) for measuring the line voltage and current of the receiving end; Calculations (44, 46) and control means (50, 82, 98) for measuring (21, 23) a physical quantity reflecting the electrical characteristics of the line, calculating and comparing them, and generating a load control signal according to the result; A load control means (24) capable of controlling the power supplied to the load (2) according to the control signal is provided,
- the above implementation shows an embodiment as a method for detecting an abnormality in line loss power, it can be implemented more simply by applying a method of comparing the line voltage drop between the feeding end and the receiving end as a reference. In this case, there is a region where the operation is sensitive even if a minute line power loss occurs at an extreme light load.
- 10 and 11 show the power loss in the transmission line according to the load change within the allowable trip current of the overcurrent breaker. 10 and 11 show line loss power that can be generated by ignition in a line that the overcurrent circuit breaker cannot detect. That is, the overcurrent circuit breaker does not detect even though a dangerous situation has occurred.
- the maximum power loss within the allowable trip current of the overcurrent breaker is as follows.
- the existing overcurrent circuit breaker technology for preventing electrical accidents is a method of controlling the power supplied to the load in a way that determines whether the load current exceeds the limit value as a criterion for determining whether the load current exceeds the allowable limit value.
- Accidents can be prevented, but accidents that occur due to short circuit (hereinafter referred to as light short circuit) or faulty lines within the rating of the protector cannot be prevented (detected).
- the power loss of the line is immediately converted into Joule heat, and if it exceeds a certain value, it becomes a condition for ignition, so necessary measures must be taken. (This should be minimized.)
- the deterioration of the line includes not only the line but also all electrical characteristics on the transmission path. That is, it can have various forms such as electrical contact, carbonization of connection, incomplete connection, loose connection state, contact resistance, physical deformation, anti-disconnection and chemical corrosion, but in the present invention, these electrical properties are expressed as parasitic resistance (4). do.
- the causes of line electrical fires are line deterioration and overcurrent.
- the main causes of fires occurring in lines are from changes in electrical characteristics such as an increase in parasitic resistance due to the deterioration of the line. can be found
- the increase in line resistance causes power loss when current flows and is immediately converted into Joule heat. If it exceeds a certain value, it becomes a condition for ignition. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize this or detect the existence of this phenomenon in advance.
- the parasitic resistance components which are the cause of electric fires, cannot be directly measured in the energized state, so in order to know the exact values, the following methods are derived or present by analyzing the loss power of the following electrical components, changes in line voltage drop, arc energy spectrum, etc. expression) can be detected.
- the resistive element is converted into Joule heat when current flows, so a line defect caused by the increase of the resistive element is detected.
- the line deterioration resistance is more dangerous than the distributed resistance of the line having the same distribution constant since it is concentrated in a specific physical location.
- Loss of electrical energy on a line appears as an increase in power or an increase in voltage between both ends of the line. This energy loss exceeds the limit and shows abnormal signs such as temperature rise and power consumption increase before a dangerous situation occurs. Since the above abnormal signs can be measured, they can be objectively or quantified and can be used as a fire prevention technology when measured. Therefore, if this electrical abnormality is detected early, it is possible to prevent electric fires occurring on the line.
- the detection means may be included in the power facility so that detection may be performed at all times, but may be performed in terms of safety inspection if necessary.
- the present invention basically provides a line due to the current flowing in the line connecting both ends in a series network consisting of a power supply end (1, power source) for supplying power, a line for transmitting power, and a receiving end (2, load) for receiving power. It is a technology that detects defects by measuring the physical quantity that reflects the electrical characteristics of the device and analyzing it.
- the line measurement technology includes an ohmmeter, an impedance meter, an earth leakage meter, a phase difference meter, etc., but it is not suitable for a energized circuit network and the goal is to implement an optimized electric disaster prevention system that can detect at all times in order to prepare for unexpected accidents without notice.
- 8 shows an unknown line impedance of an established transmission line in a power grid in an energized state. As shown in Equation-3, if the reference resistance is known, the internal impedance can be measured without current measuring means. 8 shows a network-based impedance measuring device capable of collecting data by measuring line impedance and transmitting the measured value to the network. In this method, the characteristics of the reference resistor can be accurately known, so the measurement error is low and precise measurement is possible.
- the known reference resistance connect to the terminal to be measured and load voltage Measure the change of the reference load and voltage by measuring the internal synthetic impedance ( ), if the absolute value and phase of the voltage are measured, the internal impedance can be obtained with one voltage measuring means.
- An unknown internal impedance can be measured in a system with an internal power supply.
- the relative ratio of the load voltage and the load voltage and the internal impedance are shown in Fig.-7. By appropriately selecting the reference resistance, the resolution of the measurement can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an electrical safety system for detecting abnormal signs of disasters and preventing disasters in a circuit network where power, transmission lines and loads are connected.
- a voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage at the feeding and receiving ends and a current measuring means for measuring the current at the feeding and receiving ends are required.
- Communication means data analysis means, arithmetic means, processing means, and output control means are necessary for exchanging messages between the feeding and receiving ends. Since the feed end and the receiver end may be physically separated, a suitable message exchange means is required.
- the transmission means can be implemented using any one of wired, optical communication, or wireless technology. All of the above means and the like can be implemented with IoT technology.
- the present invention is a method of constantly monitoring electrical faults in the power grid and automatically taking appropriate measures. For chronic static faults or progressive faults, signs can be detected before they develop into accidents in advance, so accidents can be predicted. can prevent In addition, it can detect random/sudden accidents such as light short circuits (short circuit in trip current, electric shock) that the existing protectors (circuit breaker, etc.) cannot detect, so it is possible to prevent the worst accidents and take effective measures.
- the 12 is a system for preventing a disaster by measuring the power lost in the transmission line and blocking the power supplied to the line when the power is excessive.
- the input of the upper node is connected to the power source 1
- the output 290 is the power grid 300 ) connected to the input terminal 390 of the lower node 400 via a power system provided with a communication means 500 for transmitting a message between the upper node 200 and the lower node 400,
- the lower node 400 measures the load power (receiver power, 415);
- the upper node receives the load power 403T of the lower node and subtracts it from its own power supply power 215 to obtain dissipated power (FIG.-13 205).
- the dissipated power 205 is abnormal power caused by the series-parallel faults 320, 330, and 3 of the lines of the transmission line, and the degree of deterioration of the transmission line can be known.
- a trip signal 209 is generated to cut off the supply power to prevent an accident in advance.
- the load may be additionally connected to the power terminal 290 . If all load power is subtracted from step 3, it can be applied to power grids with multiple loads.
- 13 is an embodiment for measuring the power dissipation of the power grid 300 having multiple loads, the power network configuration having one power source (feeding end) and n (n: natural number) loads (receiving end) see. power supply (1, )), a voltmeter 301 and an ammeter, the power wattmeter and all load stages 2, Load-1 to Load-n, are composed of power measuring means 414-1 to 414-n, calculation, communication and control means. do.
- the power supplied from the power source should be delivered to the load stage.
- the power supplied from the power stage should be the same when all load powers are added up.
- the present invention can calculate the power dissipation even in the active state in an indirect way. The power dissipated due to leakage can be obtained by finding the difference between the supply power measured at the power stage and all load power measured at the load. Therefore, all loads must be capable of measuring power.
- Power measured at all loads ( ) to sum ( ) to supply power ( ), the power dissipated ( ) can be measured.
- the dissipated power 215P can be expressed by the following equation as the sum and difference of the power measured at each load in the total supply power of the power stage. This power dissipation includes all power losses caused by series-parallel faults.
- 13 is a quantitative value of abnormal power dissipated in the power grid ( , 215) can be extracted. If this dissipated power increases and exceeds the limit value (if left unattended), it may lead to an accident. When the dissipated power exceeds the limit value, the power supply terminal blocks the power supply to prevent an accident or to cope with the accident at an early stage. In addition, it is possible to detect signs of an accident by tracking the increase trend of the dissipated power (215P).
- the quantitative value of the dissipated power has a function relationship with the threshold 214 of the dangerous level, so that a Dangerous Index 217 can be obtained. Since the degree of risk can be quantified, it is possible to take preemptive measures before it develops into an accident.
- This embodiment can extract the quantitative value 215P of power dissipated in the power grid in real time, so that the soundness (integrity) of the line can be quantified.
- the maximum threshold is determined, the degree of risk can be quantified, and maintenance/repair information of the power grid can be derived.
- the present invention can measure the power dissipated due to all abnormal loads in the following way.
- the feed end supplies power to the load end through the power grid.
- the feed end calculates the power dissipation (line loss power) by calculating the difference between the total power supplied to the load end and the load power.
- the power dissipation occurs not only due to a decrease in dielectric strength, but also due to line intrinsic resistance or parasitic resistance. Since the measurement result is all abnormal power except for the normal load, it can be used as basic data for preventing accidents or judging abnormal signs of the power grid. If this power dissipation increases, it leads to an accident. Since the present invention can know the quantitative value of dissipated power before an accident occurs, it is possible to know the progress of the leakage/short circuit accident. In other words, it is possible to quantitatively express abnormal signs of accidents caused by electric leakage. In addition, electric shock detection is possible, but the above method cannot be designed to be more sensitive than the method for detecting leakage current described below.
- the detection principle is a method of calculating the abnormal power through network analysis after measuring the power dissipation (loss power consumed in the transmission line), leakage current, and line voltage drop.
- the power supply 1 is connected to the input terminal of the upper node 200, and the output 290 is connected to the input terminal 390 of the lower node 400 via the power grid 300.
- the upper node ( 200) and the lower node 400 in the power system including the message transmission means 500;
- the upper node (supply end, power end, 200) measures the input voltage (power supply voltage, 1) and transmits it to the lower node (receiver end, load end, 400),
- the lower node transmits the power information (current 403, power) of the load to the upper node,
- the upper node receives the power supply current 403T of the lower node and subtracts it from its own power supply current 203 to measure the leakage current 205 .
- the load circuit breaker 210 cuts off all power supplied to the load to prevent accidental power generation.
- the threshold limit value is usually set to the maximum value that allows accident-free operation.
- the load may be configured to pass through the receiving end 400 . If all the load currents are summed up in step 3, it can be applied to a power grid with multiple loads.
- the series fault detection 310 of the line can be detected at the receiving end 400 in the following way.
- the lower node receives the feed voltage 203T of the upper node and subtracts its own voltage (load voltage, 401) to obtain the voltage drop (voltage difference, 405)), that is, the voltage drop reflecting the characteristics of the line. Since this voltage forms a different path when a parallel fault occurs, an error may occur. Although there are some problems, it is a useful method for detecting line faults.
- Determining whether the voltage drop 405 exceeds a preset voltage drop threshold 414 detects a fault in the transmission line, and when a dangerous situation occurs, only the load partially partially exceeds the line capacity. It is useful because it does not interfere with the entire system as it is removed.
- FIG. 13 and 15> show a power grid configuration having one power source and n loads (n: natural number) as an embodiment for detecting a parallel fault in the power grid.
- Power supply (1)) and all load terminals (Load-1 to Load-n) are equipped with voltage measuring means (voltmeter, 412-1 to 412-n) and current measuring means (ammeter, 414-1 to 414-n). do.
- series faults such as inherent line resistance and poor connection (FS201) reflect the characteristics of the line in the load current, but in the live state, it is caused by parallel faults (FP204, FP206, FP208) that cross the line.
- FP204, FP206, FP208 parallel faults
- One leakage current cannot be directly measured when power is supplied to the load.
- the present invention can calculate the leakage current due to the parallel fault in an indirect way.
- the leakage current caused by the parallel fault can be measured by calculating the difference between the supply current and the actual current delivered to the load.
- Leakage current is the sum and difference of the power measured at each load in the total supply power, and can be expressed by the following formula.
- the leakage current caused by the parallel fault is as follows.
- the present invention can measure the leakage current caused by all abnormal loads in the following way.
- the feed end supplies power to the load end through the power grid.
- the feed end obtains the leakage current by calculating the difference between the supply current sent from the load end and the sum of the load currents.
- This embodiment can extract the quantitative value of the leakage current of the power grid in real time, so that the soundness (integrity) of the line can be quantified.
- the maximum threshold is determined, the degree of risk can be quantified, and maintenance/repair information of the power grid can be derived.
- This current means that there is a parallel path (parallel fault) crossing the power line, such as a short circuit. If this leakage current increases and exceeds the limit (if left unattended), an accident may occur. If the leakage current exceeds the limit, the power supply stage cuts off the supply power to prevent accidents or suppress the accident at an early stage, as well as tracking the increase in leakage current, so it is possible to detect abnormal signs of an accident.
- the total leakage current 215 has a function relationship with the limit value 414 of the dangerous level, so that a Dangerous Index 227 can be obtained. Based on the level of risk, preemptive measures can be taken before an accident occurs.
- the existing earth leakage blocking technology is a technology to detect an earth leakage by detecting an unbalanced current between lines and has been widely used as a means to prevent electric shock accidents.
- the ungrounded leakage current between the active lines of the live part cannot be protected because it is indistinguishable from the normal load.
- the present invention can measure leakage current caused by any abnormal load, including ground fault current. By using this, it is possible to detect an ungrounded light short between active charging paths or an electric shock.
- the current includes both the non-ground leakage current caused by the decrease in dielectric strength between the ground fault current and the active charging path and the electric shock current in case of an electric shock accident, but is hardly affected by series faults caused by parasitic resistance such as poor connection. Therefore, if this current exceeds a certain value, it is connected to an accident.
- the leakage current can be known before the accident occurs, the progress of the leakage/short circuit can be known. In other words, it is possible to quantitatively detect abnormal signs of accidents caused by electric leakage. Also, how close did you approach the preset threshold?
- this charging circuit leakage technology detection can be made by setting the critical limit value ( ) variably as needed when designing a safety circuit breaker, so it is difficult to maintain the integrity of the power grid because it is difficult to maintain the integrity of the power grid. damage can be minimized.
- the sensitivity control function can be usefully used in the temporary power grid if it is set high at the beginning of power-on and appropriately adjusted when safety is confirmed.
- the leakage current detection method can be designed to be more sensitive to the leakage current detection method than the dissipation power detection method, so that damage can be minimized in the event of a light short circuit or electric shock.
- the present invention relates to a power grid line inspection (measurement) technology for detecting and preventing accidents occurring on the power transmission path, or identifying in advance a weak defective line, unlike an overcurrent circuit breaker that monitors an existing overload. Prevents or identifies vulnerable information in advance so that you can take proactive measures.
- a fire/electrical fire prevention system that can strengthen and systematize fire safety management by measuring in advance whether the line is normal, such as the condition of the line, and providing the maximum allowable current as a DB. It is possible to implement a DB of the safety improvement information of the line, so that the risk/safety level of the distribution line can be quantified.
- Figure-2 Modeling a series-parallel fault of a representative line with parasitic resistance
- Figure-4 Line loss power, load power, total power consumption and line voltage drop according to line resistance change
- Fig.-10 Function relation and protection area of line resistance increase and line loss power
- Fig.-11 Protection/non-protection danger zone when the rated load of the overcurrent circuit breaker is exceeded
- Fig.-14 Detection of short circuit of leakage current in live charging circuit - detection of leakage current (electric shock detection)
- Fig.-15 Detection of short circuit of electric leakage in live charging line of multi-load power grid
- Fig.-16 Example of a protection mechanism of an energy converter (transformer)
- Fig.-17 Example of line fault detector
- FIG. 13-18 show the present invention as an embodiment of a detector that detects a fault in the power grid, power source (supply source) -> control node (upper) -> power grid (line) -> control node (lower) -> load (consumption)
- supply source supply source
- control node upper
- line power grid
- control node lower
- load load
- each of the components plays two roles of a power source (input) and a load (output) according to the energy flow, respectively. It is connected in a structure, and a subnode and a load are composed of at least one.
- Each control node has a measuring means for measuring the energy (power information) passed through it, a communication means for exchanging messages between the control nodes, and a control means for controlling or alerting the output, and each control node can communicate with each other, , has a function of measuring and controlling the energy (power information) passing through it.
- the control node minimizes disasters by measuring/monitoring and controlling faults in the power grid in the following way.
- the upper control node provides its own electrical information (voltage) to the lower node (feed forward);
- the upper node calculates/compares the energy (power, current) measured value of the lower node with the energy (power, current) measured value passed through it and derives the result (the step of obtaining the lost energy (power, current) )
- control responds by comparing it to a threshold (a specific preset value), and depending on the result, cut off the energy supply to the lower node or send an alarm.
- a threshold a specific preset value
- Faults in the power grid can be progressive or sudden (random).
- measuring means for measuring its own voltage and power information (current or power) passing through (through) itself;
- External information collection means for collecting and summing a plurality of external power information (power and current);
- a power control device for controlling the output by measuring the power loss or leakage current of the power grid by having an output means for calculating or comparing own power information and the collected external power information and outputting a control amount according to the calculation/comparison result do.
- Figure-21 is an example of a protector for preventing an accident by monitoring line voltage drop, changes in line loss power, and exceeding the limit value of load power, which are abnormal signs of line defects,
- the virtual power register threshold value (52) is updated
- step 3 In order to generate an alarm and repeat indefinitely from step 3, measure the physical quantity that reflects the electrical characteristics of the line due to the current flowing in the line and analyze it to detect defects and prevent accidents that may occur in the line. follow up processing.
- the follow-up action can generate an alarm variably depending on the severity of the abnormality, and the method to cut off the power supply or the degree of the line fault can be notified to the control system or person to quickly analyze the cause of the fault, and take measures for maintenance and recovery. can make it
- the no-load voltage is treated as the power supply voltage in the initialization process in case the system may be confused because the power supply voltage, which is the standard for control, cannot be obtained due to communication problems, etc. Afterwards, when the power supply voltage can be obtained normally, it is updated and processed with the actual power supply voltage.
- FIGS. 1 and 12 are schematic diagrams of an embodiment showing the operating principle of the present invention. Although expressed as a hardware circuit composed of various elements, most elements of the measurement means and control means can be implemented with a microprocessor and software.
- a communication means for transmitting the data acquired by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to the processing end for digital discrete processing is provided,
- step (4) If the comparison result does not fall below the threshold, repeat from step (4), and if it is low, the fault of the line (electrical characteristic change, excess of the allowable current capacity due to deterioration) is detected by limiting the power supply to the load.
- a dynamic circuit breaker characterized by a method to cut off the load.
- the feed end constantly measures the feed voltage to know the physical quantities (1, 13) of the feed end at the receiving end.
- the control means 40 turns on the load control means 24 before supplying power to the load 2 It is processed in the following steps.
- the line fault detection detection threshold is determined as a relative value depending on the situation by calculating the maximum allowable line voltage drop rate and the power supply voltage, it can be dynamically and automatically determined without setting it to a specific value, regardless of the power supply voltage and load capacity. This can be more useful as it can be dynamically applied to any load.
- the power capacity after the circuit breaker of the present invention allows up to the maximum usable capacity of the line. Therefore, it is preferable to use the maximum load current as the current threshold value together to protect the load.
- the threshold of this value cannot be automatically calculated because it is a specific power according to the needs of the load.
- the present invention is a technology for preventing problems occurring in the supply line, and it goes beyond the scope of detecting and preventing defects occurring inside all kinds of loads.
- a combined method is also provided, either by setting a threshold that determines the upper limit of the load current in the same way as the existing method, or by blocking the overload based on the load power.
- the present invention detects a line abnormality in the following four ways, and when one or more is detected, it is determined that there is a line problem and a follow-up action is taken. It can be detected in a variety of ways.
- the line voltage drops 31 and 45 are obtained from the feeding voltage 1 (or the stored no-load voltage 21 and the current load voltage 21-1) of the feeding stage 11, and a preset threshold value ( 71), and when the threshold value falls below the threshold, it is determined that it is a fault on the line and the power supplied to the load 2 is cut off or detected.
- the load current 22 by obtaining the line voltage drops 31 and 45 from the feeding voltage 1 of the feeding stage 11 (or the stored no-load voltage 21 and the current load voltage 21-1) ) to calculate the power loss 85 lost in the line;
- the no-load voltage is treated as the power supply voltage during the initialization process.
- the load is temporarily switched to the no-load state and the no-load voltage is changed.
- the cause of the trip signal is not the power voltage fluctuation, it is concluded as a fault in the line. Otherwise, if the supply voltage fluctuation is the cause, the no-load voltage value is updated and the initial power-on procedure is performed again. This can prevent malfunction and reduce reliability.
- the data learned by the above procedure may be reflected in the threshold setting. That is, by analyzing and learning the change pattern of the load current, a threshold value suitable for the load condition is derived, and it is dynamically changed in conjunction with the pattern of the load current.
- the power is calculated by measuring the voltage and current at both ends.
- the power loss in the line can be calculated from the relationship.
- Line loss power can be calculated by measuring and calculating the feeding shear voltage, receiving shear voltage, and load current (which are basically related to line loss power). However, if the feed end and the receiving end (load) are physically separated, a new additional line is required. Therefore, additional line extension to apply this principle is not practical and practical. However, the recent development of wireless communication technology can easily solve this problem. As a highly realistic technology, it is possible to implement a highly practical disaster prevention system by using wireless IoT technology. (It is based on the basic principle expressed in the following formula.)
- the receiving end no-load line voltage ( ) is regarded as (replaced) as the feed-end voltage (1, 15) until it is updated to a new value as the situation changes and is treated as a reference value.
- the receiving end no-load line voltage ( ) maintains the voltage just before the turn on when the load is turned on, and this value is updated in real time when the load is turned off.
- the amount of heat generated due to line power loss may be used as a reference value for judgment.
- the error increases when the capacity of the power supply stage is insufficient or the supply voltage fluctuates greatly. Since is a physical quantity that can be obtained in the no-load state when the load is removed from the network at the feed end and the receiving end, it is highly practical.
- the basic concept of the present invention can also be applied to the safety management of energy converters such as transformers in the power grid.
- energy converters such as transformers in the power grid.
- the present invention is implemented based on the idea of detecting a defect by detecting an energy loss of a power system, and is applicable to all fields of energy transmission and conversion.
- the main causes of accidents such as power converters such as transformers 810 and inverters are analyzed as main causes such as interlayer short circuits 812 and 814, overheating, deterioration of insulating oil, connection defects, and overload.
- the maximum allowable power is lowered due to secular changes due to external conditions and aging/deterioration.
- the limit power 214 is set as the efficiency of the converter and the power loss 205 in order to minimize this problem, it is possible to properly operate safely according to aging.
- the overheat detection 820 which is a symptom of deterioration of the converter 810, is used is shown.
- Remote monitoring through IoT technology by properly reflecting the status enables proper operation without the use of complex additional sensors.
- the disaster prevention/monitoring system of the present invention has a structure in which remote management is easy with a cheaper and simpler method than the existing method when it is linked with smart grid technology. The following shows an example of an appropriate trip condition according to the degree of deterioration.
- the energy converter 802 may adopt any means such as RF, electromagnetic coupling method, optical communication, etc., depending on the need for electrical insulation between input and output, but the energy converter such as a transformer has input and output close to each other. Fiber Optics communication method is advantageous in consideration of EMI, etc., as it requires high insulation withstand voltage.
- Power Node is a control device that receives (input) power from the power source (upper power grid) and distributes power to the load (lower power grid). It measures electrical information of the power transmission line and controls the power supply according to the state. do.
- the power grid has a hierarchical structure, and has a hierarchical tree topology in which the upper node-power grid-child node form is repeated.
- a physical branch without a node (bridge) of the present invention is logically regarded as the same layer.
- Classification of layers is effective when the node is subject to control.
- the subordinated node is considered as one load.
- the power grid is physically in the form of a mesh, multi-point bus, and tree.
- a layer and a branch are classified based on the control node ( ).
- FIG.-17(b) is a Power Control Domain (Power Segment Plane, Power Class) (FIG.-17B) having one power source (1, supply end, input) and one or more loads (receiver end, output) Regardless of the supply and demand of energy in the power system, the control mechanism such as the sensing area and protection is a power grid unit that is separated (independent object) from other power grids.
- the control mechanism such as the sensing area and protection is a power grid unit that is separated (independent object) from other power grids.
- the power grid is extended in a hierarchical structure, so In a power system with one power source (supply end, input) and one or more loads (receiver end, output) that can be controlled and monitored, it is different from the supply and demand of energy Regardless, it is defined as a power grid unit in which the detection area and control mechanisms such as protection are separated from other power grids (independent objects).
- the control nodes 200 , 400 , and 600 receive power from the upper node and directly transmit it to the lower load. Control and measurement are only possible in one step up and down. However, if communication with the own supply control node (n-1 Layer) is not smooth in obtaining the measured value of the supply voltage, the control section can be extended by obtaining it from a higher level node (200. n-2).
- the nodes 200, 400, and 600 are capable of transmitting power, measuring the voltage, current, and power, and exchanging messages with nodes having means for controlling the output.
- the gateway node 400 is a node 400 having a function of receiving power from an upper node having the functions of a power supply end and a power receiving end, delivering it to a lower node or a domain, and controlling power supply to the lower node 600 when necessary. .
- the lower power grid is expanded in a hierarchical structure, so it affects the power energy transfer flow. All Power Planes view the higher plane as a power source and receive power, and see the lower plane (600, 600-2, 600-3) as a load and supply power. For control and measurement, only the load of the same domain is effective, and power information of higher domains or lower domains of two or more steps is not subject to judgment, except for neighbors at the same level.
- Figure-21 shows a management system of a power grid to which IoT technology is applied.
- electrical data that can determine abnormal signs of an accident is the line voltage drop ( ), line loss power ( ), line resistance ( ) and maximum allowable current ( ) is information directly related to an accident, and if any one of them exceeds the allowable range, it will lead to an accident, so it should be monitored at all times.
- double line resistance ( ), the maximum allowable current ( ) is related to the line equipment, so it should be identified and maintained in advance.
- the dynamic measurement technology of the present invention does not cut off the power supply of the line and does not use a special measuring instrument, but in an indirect way, even in the energized state ( ) and the maximum allowable current ( ) can be estimated.
- the power grid fault detection technology fuses information and communication technologies such as the existing IoT technology to know real-time power, supply, and even the state of the power grid, making it possible to implement a grid safety map.
- information and communication technologies such as the existing IoT technology to know real-time power, supply, and even the state of the power grid, making it possible to implement a grid safety map.
- the extracted line information is applied to a multi-distribution network based on analysis processing information in a more advanced method such as analyzing the cause of an electric fire or early detection of line deterioration through loss power recording and analysis.
- Quantitative information (risk index, safety index) can be derived.
- the above safety-large voltage drop ( ), line loss power ( ), line resistance ( ) and maximum allowable current ( ), the safety level is displayed on the map, and the line supply voltage ( ), load voltage ( ), load current ( ), load power ( ) is measured and compared in real time, and when a certain value is exceeded, an alarm is generated and the power grid control center is notified. Users are notified by alert or SMS message. If it is judged that the risk index is high and serious, most line accidents can be prevented by immediately shutting off the power supply to the load. However, in the case of overload, the above method is suitable. It will be a more practical system if you can respond in advance through advance notice. A more practical system can be built by setting the threshold in multiple stages and warning in stages according to the level of risk.
- Connection to the smart grid can be implemented by connecting to the Internet cloud via the gateway 300 using commercially available IoT technology. Monitoring data for a plurality of line information may be transmitted from a separate power grid information collection device included in the gateway.
- the Internet may be any one of wired and wireless communication networks that provide communication of various information devices within a limited area, or a combination of two or more.
- the transmission method standard of the network corresponding to the Internet is not limited to the existing transmission method standard, and it is useful when all transmission method standards to be developed in the future can be applied.
- the power grid control center can grasp the status of power lines in real time, faults in the power grid due to line faults and overloads can be detected, and maintenance/repair information can be obtained in advance to prevent breakdowns.
- the present invention prevents accidents in advance by detecting electrical faults in the power grid and abnormal signs of lines and taking appropriate precautions.
- it is basically designed to operate in stand-alone mode.
- the line fault detector of the present invention is not basically dependent on the physical location of the line, it detects a line fault between the measuring point (power supply end) and the receiving end (load) wherever it is located.
- the above fault detects abnormal signs in the form of an increase in voltage drop or an increase in line loss power and leakage current.
- each node informs the external control center or neighboring nodes of the measured information and control information, making it possible to build a more effective and dense sophisticated safety net.
- each node system of the present invention can be configured to have a relationship, it is possible to have an extended structure that does not adversely affect each other as each node operates independently (stand-alone). It receives information from related nodes and processes and processes only data related to itself, so it is not limited due to its high flexibility in network construction.
- the control device If the measured value of each measuring means and the value calculated according to the processing/verification algorithm based on it are out of the preset normal range, the control device generates an error in one or more of the line allowable current capacity or overload that exceeds the current capacity. Assess what you have done and take follow-up action. Each measurement and processing in this step is synchronized using interrupt technology and processed in parallel in real time, which is desirable because precision can be increased.
- Follow-up measures can trigger an alarm step by step depending on the degree of deviation from the standard range, and according to the number of alarms and the level of risk, the level of risk of cutting off the power supplied to the load that is the cause is sent to the management center to build a risk map based on the database It is possible to take various measures, and by using IoT technology, it can serve as a major component in the control network, such as a node of a smart grid.
- the fault detection loop is cycled by closing the contacts again to restore power to the interrupted circuit.
- the present invention can be applied to all electrical systems regardless of AC/DC, and can be applied in various forms to energy conversion systems such as transformers, power inverters, solar power generation systems, and ESSs.
- Preemptive safety technology is expected to be commercialized as it can dramatically reduce the social cost of human life and property damage caused by electric fires, and it is related to growth through the demand of IoT-based safety-related smart device parts/product industries and IoT-based measurement technology. Industry growth is expected.
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Abstract
Description
선로의 접속불량, 접촉불량 및 노화/열화로 인해 "기생" 저항이 발생한다. 이 기생저항은 특정 조건(동안 유지하는 Trip배율)이 되면 기생저항이 전류 제한기 역할을 하며 결함이 있는 회로의 전류가 해당 회로에서 사용 중인 Fuse 또는 회로 차단기의 사전 설정된 트립 레벨 범위를 벗어나는 것을 보호 동작을 방해한다. 총 기생저항이(동안 유지하는 Trip배율)이런 조건이 되었을 때 합선이 일어나면 대단히 위험하다. 이때 최악의 상황이 () 발생한다. (제5도)참조
도-18: 계층적 제어노드의 동작 흐름도
도-19: 단일 부하를 갖는 선로결함검출기의 실시예
도-20: 제어노드의 직렬결함 검출 동작 흐름도
도-21: 제어노드의 구조
IoT-클라우드 망으로 연결된 스텐드어론 관제시스템의 실시예
Claims (11)
- 전력망의 결함을 검출하기 위하여 전원(공급원) -> 제어노드(상위) -> 전력망(선로) -> 제어노드(하위) -> 부하(소비단) 순으로 종속(계층적) 구조로 연결하여 전력(전기 에너지)을 공급하는 전력 제어망에서, 상기 각 구성 요소들은 각각 에너지 흐름에 따라 전원(입력)과 부하(출력)의 두 역할을 하는 구조로 연결되며, 하나 이상 하위노드와 부하로 구성하여, 각 제어노드는 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력정보)를 측정하는 측정수단, 제어노드 간 메시지를 교환하는 통신수단 및 출력을 제어 또는 경보하는 제어수단을 구비하고, 각 제어노드는 서로 통신이 가능하며, 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력정보)를 측정하고 제어하는 기능을 구비하여,(1) 상위 제어노드는 자신의 전기적 정보(전압)를 하위노드에 제공(피드 포워드)하는 단계;(2) 하위노드는 상위노드와의 전압차를 구하여 그 결과에 따라 부하를 제어하는 단계;(3) 모든 하위노드는 각각 자신을 경유하거나 자신이 소비한 에너지(전력 및 전류)를 측정하여 상위노드에 제공(피드 백)하는 단계;(4) 상위노드는 복수의 하위노드에 전달된 에너지 측정값을 모두 합산하는 단계;(5) 상위노드는 하위노드의 에너지(전력, 전류) 측정값과 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력, 전류) 측정값을 연산/비교하여 결과를 도출하는 단계 (손실되는 에너지(전력, 전류)를 구하는 단계)(6) 상기 도출 결과를 미리 설정된 임계치와 비교하여, 그 결과에 따라 부하(하위노드)로 에너지 공급을 차단하거나 경보를 발신하는 방법으로 대처한 전력망의 결함을 측정/감시하는 전력망제어 시스템
- 전원, 제어노드, 배전선로, 제어노드, 부하로 구성된 전력망에서 상위노드(전원측)는 배전선로를 경유하여 하위노드(부하측)로 에너지(전력)를 공급하여,(1) 하위노드는 전압측정치를 상위 노드로 전송하는 피드-포워드단계;(2) 상위노드와 하위노드 간의 전압강하에 따른 전압 변동률에 따라 부하를 제어하는 단계;(3) 모든 하위노드는 각각 자신이 공급받은 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 측정하여 상위노드에 전달하는 측정값 피드-백 단계;(4) 상위노드는 복수의 하위노드의 상기 에너지(전력 또는 전류) 측정값을 모두 합산하는 단계;(5) 상위노드는 하위노드에 전달된 상기 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 자신이 보낸 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 연산하여 손실 에너지를 구하는 연산단계;(6) 상기 도출 결과를 미리 설정된 임계치와 비교하여, 그 결과에 따라 부하(하위노드)로 에너지 공급을 차단하거나 경보를 발신하는 방법으로 대처한 전력망의 결함을 측정/감시하는 전력망제어 시스템.
- 전력망으로 연결된 둘 이상의 원격지점(노드)에서 에너지의 공급과 분배를 제어하고, 물리적으로는 둘 이상으로 분리되나 기능적으로 결합된 연관 메커니즘을 구성하기 위하여;자신의 전압과 자신을 통과(관통)하는 전력정보(전류 또는 전력)를 측정하는 측정수단;상기 전력정보를 외부로 송신하는 출력 송신수단,자신의 전압과 외부에서 입력된 전압을 연산하여 전압차를 구하는 연산수단,상기 전압차를 상기 임계치와 비교하는 비교수단,복수의 외부 전력정보(전력 및 전류)를 수집하여 합산하는 외부정보 수집수단,자신의 전력 정보와 상기 수집된 외부 전력정보를 연산 또는 비교하여 연산/비교 결과에 따라 제어량을 출력하는 출력수단을 구비하여 전력망의 소실전력 또는 누설전류를 측정하여 출력을 제어하는 전력제어장치.
- 전력을 공급하는 급전단, 전송선로 및 부하로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함으로 인한 사고발생 전에 위험 징후를 감지하기 위해, 상기 급전단의 선로전압을 측정하여 송출하는 수단; 상기 급전단의 선로전압을 수신하는 수단; 전원전압레지스터, 선로전압강하 임계치, 부하전류임계치, 부하전력 임계치를 설정하는 수단; 부하전류를 측정하는 전류측정수단; 차단(Trip) 전압, 전류 및 전력의 임계치 설정수단; 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 설정수단; 상기 무부하시 미리 설정된 전압 임계치와 현재 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 부하에 전력공급을 차단한 후 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 전원전압레지스터에 설정;(2) 최대 전압허용임계치를 설정 - 기준치(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 급전단 전압의 측정이 가능하지 않으면 단계(6) 실행(5) 급전단의 전압을 측정하여 상기 전원전압레지스터로 대체;(6) 부하전압과 부하전류를 측정하여 외부로 송신;(7) 상기 전원전압레지스터에서 상기 부하전압의 차를 구하여 선로강하전압를 구함;(8) 상기 부하전류와 상기 선로강하전압을 곱하여 선로손실전력 계산;(9) 미리 설정된 전압임계치와 상기 선로강하전압를 비교하여, 선로강하전압이 임계치를 초과하는 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 부하를 차단;(10) 상기 선로손실전력과 미리 설정된 전력임계치를 비교;(11) 선로손실전력이 전력임계치 초과 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 상기 부하를 차단하고 아니면 단계(4)부터 반복 실행하는 방법으로,현재 배전선로 상태의 최대전력공급능력(허용전류용량)과 선로 전송경로의 열화의 상태에 따라 위험 징후를 검출하여 정상 동작 범위를 벗어나면 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 화재징후 검출 방법 및 방지 시스템.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원과 부하 사이의 전송선로로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함으로 인한 사고발생 전에 위험 징후를 감지하기 위해,상기 전송선로의 전압을 측정하는 측정 수단; 부하전류를 측정하는 전류측정수단; 차단(Trip) 전압, 전류 및 전력 임계치 설정수단; 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 설정수단; 상기 무부하시 미리 설정된 전압 임계치와 현재 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 부하에 전력을 차단한 후 무부하 선로전압을 측정;(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하여 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 상한 임계치(허용변화율 )를 결정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 저장된 무부하전압과 상기 부하전압의 감산; 선로 강하전압를 산출;(7) 부하전류측정한 후 상기 선로강하전압을 곱하여 선로소비전력 계산;(8) 미리 설정된 전압임계치와 상기 선로강하전압를 비교하여 이 선로강하전압 임계치를 초과하는 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 부하를 차단;(9) 한편 상기 선로소비전력과 미리 설정된 선로손실전력 임계치를 비교;(10) 임계치 초과 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 상기 부하를 차단하는 방법으로 현재 배전선로 상태의 최대전력공급능력(허용전류용량)에 따라 동적으로 차단 임계치가 가변되는 방법으로, 선로 전송경로 열화의 상태에 따라 위험 징후를 검출하여 정상 동작 범위를 벗어나면 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원(1)과 부하(2) 사이의 전송선로(3X)로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함을 검출하여 위험상황 발생을 미리 방지하기 위해, 상기 전송선로의 전압(21)을 측정하는 측정 수단(20, 22); 부하 차단 기준치(71)를 가변적으로 설정하여 저장하는 임계치 설정수단(54); 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 허용전압강하율 설정수단; 무부하시 미리 설정된 상기 임계치와 (현시점의) 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호(45)에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단(24)을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하고 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 부하전압과 상기 임계치를 비교;(7) 상기 비교결과 상기 임계치 이하로 떨어지지 않으면 단계(4)부터 반복하고, 낮으면 부하에 전력공급을 제한하는 방법으로, 선로의 결함(전기적 특성변화, 열화에 따른 허용 전류용량 초과)을 검출하여 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원(1)과 부하(2) 사이의 전송선로(3X)로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함을 검출하여 위험상황 발생을 미리 방지하기 위해, 상기 전송선로의 전압(21)을 측정하는 측정 수단(20, 22); 부하 차단 기준치(71)를 가변적으로 설정하여 저장하는 임계치 설정수단(54); 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 허용전압강하율 설정수단; 무부하시 미리 설정된 상기 임계치와 (현시점의) 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호(45)에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단(24)을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하여 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 상한 임계치(허용변화율)를 결정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 저장된 무부하전압과 상기 부하전압의 감산;(7) 상기 연산결과 상기 임계치를 비교;(8) 상기 비교결과가 임계치를 초과하지 않으면 단계(4)부터 반복하고, 초과하면 부하에 전력공급을 제한하는 방법으로, 선로의 결함(전기적 특성변화, 열화에 따른 허용 전류용량 초과)을 검출하여 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 상기 급전단과 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여;(1) 급전단의 전압을 측정;(2) 선로손실전력의 허용 임계치를 설정;(3) 수전단의 전압 및 전류를 측정하고 선로에서 소실되는 선로손실전력을 산출;(2) 상기 선로손실전력이 상기 허용 임계치를 초과하면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 급전단과 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 급전단의 전압을 측정;(2) 선로손실전력의 허용 임계치를 설정;(3) 수전단의 전압 및 전류를 측정하고 선로에서 소실되는 선로손실전력을 산출;(2) 상기 선로손실전력이 상기 허용 임계치를 초과하면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 선로에 연결된 부하를 차단하고 무부하 선로전압 전압을 측정하고 저장;(2) 상기 무부하 선로전압 전압과 허용률을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 수전단의 부하전압을 측정하고 상기 허용 임계치를 벗어나면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 급전단 및 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 선로에 연결된 부하를 차단하고 무부하 선로전압을 측정하고 저장;(2) 상기 무부하 선로전압 전압과 허용률을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 급전단의 전압 측정이 유효하면 급전단전압을 측정하고 허용률과 연산하여 상기 임계치를 갱신;(5) 수전단의 부하전압을 측정하고 상기 허용 임계치를 벗어나면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
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