WO2021010808A1 - Iot기술을 이용한 전기재해 선제적 탐지 및 예방 시스템 - Google Patents
Iot기술을 이용한 전기재해 선제적 탐지 및 예방 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021010808A1 WO2021010808A1 PCT/KR2020/009645 KR2020009645W WO2021010808A1 WO 2021010808 A1 WO2021010808 A1 WO 2021010808A1 KR 2020009645 W KR2020009645 W KR 2020009645W WO 2021010808 A1 WO2021010808 A1 WO 2021010808A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to prevention of electric disasters by measuring and analyzing characteristics of a line such as power loss and line resistance of a line to detect abnormal signs of a power grid in advance.
- the electric circuit breaker cuts off the load supply power when the current exceeds a preset threshold. Electric fires can occur below the safety limits of electric breakers, but the existing technology has not had a solution.
- the present invention uses communication technology such as IoT technology to detect abnormal signs of fire occurrence that may occur in the electric distribution network, and by constantly measuring the physical quantity of the line at the feed end and the load end in a live state It detects a fire sign by indirectly measuring the line resistance that causes it and by detecting a defect in the line.
- communication technology such as IoT technology to detect abnormal signs of fire occurrence that may occur in the electric distribution network, and by constantly measuring the physical quantity of the line at the feed end and the load end in a live state It detects a fire sign by indirectly measuring the line resistance that causes it and by detecting a defect in the line.
- Existing fire detection technologies are widely used to monitor physical signals that appear in the event of a fire or to cut off circuits when the permissible current is exceeded, but it is not possible to prevent fires caused by deterioration of transmission lines within the allowable trip current of overcurrent circuit breakers. impossible.
- Existing current blocking technology is difficult to detect the cause of fire due to power loss in the line.
- Existing overcurrent circuit breakers have insufficient countermeasures against ignition caused by fire such as heat, contact unstable, arc, etc. within the cutoff set current.
- Detecting faults in the power grid supplying electricity is very important and affects safety management and preventive maintenance. In particular, it is very important to detect defects before a disaster occurs. Since electricity was put into practical use, there have been numerous studies to detect defects in power systems early.
- the current safety-related major technology was able to detect faults only after failures occurred or affected by electrical faults in the power grid or power system.
- Existing overcurrent circuit breaker technology still has an area that does not detect an accident due to a defect in a transmission line.
- the threshold of the existing electrical safety protection technology is set by multiplying the maximum value of the available current capacity of the load by the margin. This is dependent on a single line protection mechanism when one line is used in a power system with multiple loads. That is, since the protection threshold is determined by the sum of the current capacities of the loads connected to the line, when a device with heavy load capacity and a load with light load are mixed, the trip condition is set appropriately for the medium load, so relatively light load (protector Short circuit within the rating of) deviates from the protected area.
- the protection mechanism is not properly operated depending on the load or the allowable capacity of the line, but is applied collectively, so there is a dead zone of the protection function.
- the existing safety shut-off technology cannot distinguish between a light short and a normal load, so there is a lack of safety technology for detecting a light short or electric shock, and there is an area where the risk of fire or electric shock is not detected.
- AFCI Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter
- “Parasitic” resistance occurs due to poor connection, poor contact and aging/deterioration of the line. This parasitic resistance is determined under certain conditions ( ), the parasitic resistance acts as a current limiter, preventing the current from the faulty circuit from exceeding the preset trip level range of the fuse or circuit breaker in use in that circuit. Total parasitic resistance is ( It is very dangerous if a short circuit occurs when these conditions are met. At this time, the worst case ( ) Occurs. Refer to ( Figure 5)
- the amount of heat generated on the line may be estimated by measuring the power loss or line resistance on the line receiving power.
- the technical idea of the present invention is to collect data at all times (in real time) using a power grid in the form of a distributed mesh network using (live line) measurement technology and Internet of Things technology to determine Kirchhoff's current law and voltage. It is a method of finding energy loss due to defects in the power grid through the extended analysis of the law, and by detecting/monitoring abnormal signs of an accident in advance (in advance), the power grid can maintain its integrity or operate the power system only within a safe range.
- This is the realization of an electrical disaster prevention system that can fundamentally prevent electrical disasters by implementing a verification/detection mechanism.
- causes that cause electrical disasters are largely classified into two electrical defects as follows. Electrical faults such as short circuit, insulation defect/damage, insulation breakdown (moisture/dust), ground fault/mixture, short circuit, tracking, overload/overcurrent are collectively defined as parallel fault, and conductor breakdown (half-break), Electrical defects such as connection defects (connection defects), contact defects, and crimp damage are collectively defined as serial faults.
- most of the electrical defects can be detected in advance using a live wire measurement technology, so that power consumed by all abnormal loads can be detected in real time.
- the present invention is a method of constantly monitoring electrical defects in the power grid and automatically taking appropriate measures.
- Chronic static defects/progressive defects can detect abnormal symptoms before they develop into accidents, so that accidents can be predicted. Disaster can be prevented.
- random/sudden accidents such as light short circuits (short circuits less than trip current, electric shock) that cannot be detected by conventional protectors (circuit breakers, etc.), so that the power supply to the power grid is cut off. Take effective measures to prevent the progress of accidents.
- the present invention measures basic electrical characteristics such as voltage and current of a feed end and a load end in an energized state of an electrical network in order to detect a fire abnormality, and the line resistance, connection parasitic resistance, power loss from the line, leakage current, and It detects abnormal signs by measuring electrical characteristics such as maximum allowable current, overload, arc phenomenon, current instability, etc., analyzing in real time, and tracking changes in real time.
- the technology for detecting signs of an electrical disaster of the present invention constantly measures basic physical quantities such as line voltage and current at the feed end and load end in a live state, and converts line resistance and line loss power in real time to determine the amount of heat that can be generated on the line. By presumption, it is possible to notify the manager before it develops into a big problem or eliminate the cause and prevent it before it develops into a true story.
- the actual allowable current due to the decrease in the allowable current due to the deformation of the line due to the deterioration of the line can be recalculated according to reality.
- Measurement of the physical quantity of a remotely distributed network where the feed end and the load end are physically separated can be easily implemented using a variety of communication technologies, but in particular, wireless IoT technology.
- the power grid that supplies power may have various electrical faults for various reasons. That is, electrical contacts, carbonization of connections, incomplete connections, loose connections, contact resistance, poor contact, connection defects, insulation breakdown, improper installation, damage, half-breaks, physical aging/deformation, and chemical corrosion, etc., but the present invention
- the electrical component related to the heat generated by this deterioration is expressed as parasitic resistance (4).
- the cause of the electric fire of the line is deterioration of the line and overcurrent.
- the main cause of the fire that occurs on the track is parasitic resistance ( , It can be found in electrical characteristics change such as an increase in ).
- An increase in line resistance causes power loss when current flows, which immediately turns into Joule heat and becomes a condition for ignition when it exceeds a certain value, so it is necessary to minimize this or detect the presence or absence of this phenomenon in advance.
- the resistance component is converted into Joule heat when the current flows, and a line defect caused by the increase in the resistance component is detected.
- the line degradation resistance is more dangerous than the dispersion resistance of a line having the same distribution constant because it is concentrated in a specific physical location.
- Loss of electrical energy due to parasitic resistance of a line is caused by an increase in dissipated power or an increase in voltage drop between both ends of the line, and a decrease in dielectric strength results in a short circuit or short circuit. In general, it is neglected even if energy is lost due to a short circuit or half-short in the power grid in the active state. This energy loss exceeds the threshold and shows symptoms of abnormality (symptom) such as temperature rise and power consumption increase before a dangerous situation occurs. Therefore, if this electrical abnormality is detected early, it is possible to prevent electric fires occurring on the line. In addition, the abnormality symptoms can be measured and quantified, and thus can be used as an element that can objectiveize the safety of the line.
- Fig.-3 is a leakage resistance in the equivalent circuit of the power grid modeled in Fig. When there is no line resistance ( ) According to the change in power loss, load power consumption, and total power consumption trends.
- the dissipated power of the line exceeds a certain amount, it can be generated by ignition. Therefore, if this power exceeds the set reference value, the supply power to the load can be cut off to prevent ignition. This dissipation power may cause ignition even within the allowable current of the overload circuit breaker 14. In this case, the maximum line loss power ( ) Is the load rated power ( ) Can reach 25% of ( ). Therefore, even with the same line conditions, the greater the rated power of the load is, the more dangerous it is.
- the power loss of a line is a direct cause of line ignition.
- the power loss of the line is due to the excess of the allowable power or due to the physical/chemical deformation of the line deterioration (line defect) aging-the deterioration part generates relatively excessive joule heat. This heat can be a direct source of ignition.
- Load rated power : Normal resistance of the line
- Parasitic resistance of the line ( , ) Is the abnormal power loss.
- Abnormal power loss Is the line loss power ( ) To normal line loss power ( ) Minus ( ), which is a parasitic resistance caused by a defect. ) Is almost zero, so to be.
- Line loss power ( ) Is the line resistance ( ) Is the load resistance ( When) is the same, maximum power loss occurs in the line.
- Figures 4 and 6 show line resistance ( ) Voltage drop across the line, load voltage and line loss power ( ).
- line resistance ( ) Voltage drop across the line, load voltage and line loss power ( ).
- the change in line resistance is indicated by an increase or decrease in line power loss and an increase in line voltage drop, so by monitoring this, it is possible to detect dangerous abnormal symptoms. So their values ( ) Can also be used as a line fault index indicating the risk of distribution lines.
- load power must be cut off when a certain value (threshold) is exceeded.
- Line resistance is not only a measure of accident prevention, but also provides a method for calculating line resistance in an energized state as basic data that can analyze deterioration factors or the trend/progress of deterioration. The following method can be calculated even in an on-line state, so measurement values can be collected on the network.
- the line resistance can be calculated in an indirect way by measuring the voltage at the feed end, the voltage at the receiving end, and the line current.
- Line resistance ( ) Is the feed end voltage ( ), receiving end (load) voltage ( ) And receiving end (load) current ( ) can be calculated indirectly by measuring and converting it to the following equation (Equation-2).
- Normal line resistance ( ) Is the line resistance ( ) Of the normal part, so abnormal line resistance ( ) Is the summed total line resistance ( ) Can be considered.
- Electric fires show various symptoms of abnormalities (symptom) such as temperature rise, smell, flame, arc/spark, spark, increase in electrical resistance of power lines, or increase in power consumption of lines, and leakage currents before they occur.
- symptom a condition in which abnormalities (symptom) can be detected due to defects in the line.
- 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19 shows that the present invention monitors the voltage drop or loss power between both ends of a line (feeding end-receiving end) that is easy to measure among the signs of electrical abnormalities in the power grid to prevent the occurrence of fire.
- a line feeding end-receiving end
- An example of the implementation of the technology to detect in advance is shown.
- the increase in parasitic resistance of a power line appears as a change in electric energy loss (power consumption) on the line.
- the voltage drop and dissipation power of the line increase.
- the line dissipation power can be obtained.
- Accidents can be prevented by supplying power only in a safe range that does not exceed a certain value (threshold) of the dissipated power.
- the electrical fire abnormality signs can be measured and quantified, so they can be used as fire prediction technology. Therefore, it is possible to implement a system for preventing electric fires occurring on a line by providing a means for detecting and processing this electrical abnormality symptom.
- Fig.-10 shows the change of the line loss power according to the line resistance change at a certain load.When the line resistance increases, the line loss power also increases, but has a maximum value when it has the same value as the load resistance. The maximum power loss is the rated power of the load. Is the most dangerous situation.
- the present invention can detect signs of a fire accident that may occur on the line by measuring the power lost on the line. This is a method of measuring the line voltage drop and load current, calculating the loss power, and blocking the load current when the threshold value is exceeded, thereby preventing a fire occurring on the line. In addition, if the line resistance value is converted and increased more than a certain value, the same result can be obtained even if the load current is cut off. If the voltage at the feed end is stable, the intended purpose can be achieved simply by measuring the voltage drop rate alone.
- Existing fire prevention is the mainstream method of detecting and blocking overcurrent, leakage current, and arc occurrence.
- this method it is difficult to detect a fire caused by an increase in line resistance. That is, even under normal load within the allowable power, a fire can occur due to deterioration of the line.
- the dotted line 160 is an area in which excessive power is lost that may cause a fire. When entering this area, the power supply must be immediately cut off.
- the threshold can be set in various ways.
- Safe maximum current value of the line Is the power supply voltage ( ), receiving end (load) voltage ( ) And load current ( ) And the maximum allowable voltage drop rate ( ) Can be applied.
- Safety maximum current value (maximum current allowable value, ) There is a correlation between the power supply voltage of the power supply terminal, the power supply terminal (load) voltage and the load resistance as follows. It can be obtained by the following formula (Equation-5).
- the core principle of this electric disaster prevention technology is to detect line defects by measuring/analyzing the physical quantity of the line reflecting the electric characteristics of the line due to the current flowing through the line, and to find out signs of fire based on this.
- the line resistance ( ) As shown in Fig.-2, in order to detect a defect in a line transmitting power in the electric network, the line resistance ( ) According to the change, the voltage drop across the line, the load voltage and the line loss power ( ) Shows a change. As for the symptoms of line deterioration, as shown in Fig.-3, a change in line resistance causes an increase or decrease in line loss power and an abnormal symptom of an increase in line voltage drop. In the implementation of the controller, abnormal symptom detection can achieve the desired purpose even if any physical quantity such as line loss power, line voltage drop, load voltage change, line resistance, etc. is selected as a control variable.
- the threshold 79 may have a fixed value, and it is possible to build a more flexible and sophisticated system if it is dynamically set according to the power supply time, the input power voltage, and the type and characteristics of the load as necessary. When this is developed, the characteristics of the load are learned and the threshold value 79 is set to be variable, so that a more suitable system can be constructed.
- a soft start method other than a simple ON/OFF method for blocking or inputting load power can be considered, and can be applied to all electric devices regardless of AC/DC.
- One embodiment shown in the conceptual diagrams of FIGS. 1, 12, and 13 includes a means 10 for measuring the line voltage of the feed end 11; Means (20, 22) for measuring the line voltage and current of the receiving end; Calculations (44, 46) and control means (50, 82, 98) for measuring (21, 23) physical quantities reflecting the electrical characteristics of the line, calculating and comparing them, and generating a load control signal according to the result; A load control means 24 capable of controlling the power supplied to the load 2 according to the control signal is provided,
- the line voltage drop 45 is calculated by subtracting the receiving end voltage 21 from the feed end voltage 1;
- the line loss power 47 is calculated by multiplying the drop voltage by the load current 23;
- the threshold value becomes the maximum value of the allowable line loss power.
- the embodiment has been shown as a method for detecting a symptom of abnormality in line loss power, it can be more simply implemented by applying a method of comparing based on the line voltage drop between the feed end and the receiving end. In this case, even if the power loss of the micro-line under extreme light load occurs, there is a region that operates excessively.
- 10 and 11 show the power loss lost in the transmission line according to the load fluctuation within the allowable trip current of the overcurrent circuit breaker. 10 and 11 show line loss power that can be generated by ignition in a line not detected by the overcurrent circuit breaker. In other words, despite a dangerous situation, the overcurrent circuit breaker cannot detect.
- the maximum power loss lost within the allowable trip current of the overcurrent circuit breaker is as follows.
- the power loss of the line is immediately converted into Joule heat, and if it exceeds a certain value, it becomes a condition for ignition, so necessary measures must be taken. (This should be minimized.)
- the deterioration of the line includes not only the line but also all the electrical characteristics of the transmission path. That is, electrical contacts, carbonization of the connection, incomplete connection, loose connection, contact resistance, physical deformation, half-breaking and chemical corrosion, etc. may have various forms, but in the present invention, their electrical characteristics are expressed as parasitic resistance (4). do.
- the cause of the electric fire of the line is deterioration of the line and overcurrent.
- the main causes of fires occurring in the lines are caused by changes in electrical characteristics such as an increase in parasitic resistance due to the deterioration of the line. Can be found.
- An increase in line resistance causes power loss when current flows, which immediately turns into Joule heat and becomes a condition for ignition when it exceeds a certain value, so it is necessary to minimize this or detect the presence or absence of this phenomenon in advance.
- the parasitic resistance components which are the cause of electric fires, cannot be measured directly in the energized state, the following is an indirect method to determine the correct value by analyzing the power loss of the electric component, the change in the line voltage drop, the arc energy spectrum, etc. Expression) can be detected.
- the resistance component is converted into Joule heat when the current flows, and a line defect caused by the increase in the resistance component is detected.
- the line degradation resistance is more dangerous than the dispersion resistance of a line having the same distribution constant because it is concentrated in a specific physical location.
- Loss of electrical energy on a line is caused by an increase in power or an increase in voltage across the line. This energy loss exceeds the threshold and shows symptoms of abnormality (symptom) such as temperature rise and power consumption increase before a dangerous situation occurs. Since the above abnormal signs can be measured, they can be objectified or quantified, and can be used as a fire prevention technique when measured. Therefore, if this electrical abnormality is detected early, it is possible to prevent electric fires occurring on the line.
- the detection means may be included in the power facility and may be detected at all times, but if necessary, it may be performed for safety inspection.
- the present invention is basically a line due to a current flowing in a line connecting both ends in a series network consisting of a power supply terminal (1, power), a line that transmits power, and a receiving terminal (2, a load) receiving power. It is a technology that detects defects by measuring physical quantities reflecting the electrical characteristics of and analyzing them.
- Line measurement technologies include ohmmeters, impedance meters, earth leakage meters, and phase difference meters, but the goal is to implement an optimized electrical disaster prevention system that can be detected at all times in order to prepare for unexpected accidents that are not suitable for an energized network and not.
- 8 shows an unknown line impedance of an existing transmission line in an energized power grid. As shown in Equation-3, if the reference resistance is known, the internal impedance can be measured without a current measuring means. 8 shows a network-based impedance meter capable of collecting data by measuring line impedance and transmitting the measured value to the network. Since this method can accurately know the characteristics of the reference resistor, measurement errors are low and precise measurement is possible.
- an unknown internal impedance can be measured.
- the relative ratio of the load voltage and the load voltage and the internal impedance are shown in Fig. 7. By appropriately selecting the reference resistance, the resolution of the measurement can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an electrical safety system for detecting abnormal signs of a disaster and preventing a disaster in a network connected to a power source, a transmission path, and a load.
- a voltage measurement means for measuring the voltage of the power supply and reception ends and a current measurement means for measuring the current of the power supply and reception terminals are required.
- Communication means, data analysis means, calculation means, processing means, and output control means are required for exchanging messages between the power supply and reception ends. Since the communication feeder and the receiver may be physically separated, an appropriate means of message exchange is required.
- the transmission means can be implemented using any of wired, optical communication, or wireless technology. All of the above means can be implemented using IoT technology.
- the electrical properties of the defects can be measured by an electrical method.
- the present invention is a method of constantly monitoring electrical defects in the power grid and automatically taking appropriate measures. Chronic static defects or progressive defects can be detected before they develop into accidents, so that an accident can be predicted. Can be prevented. In addition, random/sudden accidents such as light shorts (short circuit in trip current, electric shock) that conventional protectors (Circuit Breaker, etc.) cannot detect can be detected early, so that the worst accidents can be prevented and effective measures can be taken.
- the configuration is in the power grid 300 connected between one feeding end (upper node, 200) and one receiving end (lower node, 400), the input of the upper node is connected to the power supply 1, and the output 290 is the power grid 300
- the input terminal 390 of the lower node 400 via and having a communication means 500 for transmitting a message between the upper node 200 and the lower node 400
- the input voltage 301 and the input current 203 are measured and integrated to obtain a supply power 215;
- the lower node 400 measures the load power (receiving shear power, 415);
- the upper node receives the load power (403T) of the lower node and deducts it from its own power supply power 215 to obtain the dissipated power (Fig. 13 205).
- the dissipated power 205 is an abnormal power caused by a series-parallel defect (320, 330, 3) of a transmission line, and the degree of aging of the transmission line can be known.
- a trip signal 209 is generated to cut off the power supply to prevent an accident.
- the load may be additionally connected to the power supply terminal 290. If all load power is subtracted from step 3 above, it can be applied to a power grid with multiple loads.
- Figure-13 is an embodiment for measuring the dissipated power of the power grid 300 having multiple loads, and a power grid configuration having one power source (feeding end) and n (n: natural number) loads (receiving ends).
- Power supply (1, )) a voltmeter 301 and an ammeter, and all load stages (2, Load-1 to Load-n) consist of power measuring means (414-1 to 414-n), calculation, communication and control means.
- the present invention can calculate the dissipated power even in an active state by an indirect method.
- the dissipated power due to a leakage current can be obtained by calculating the difference between the supply power measured at the power stage and all load power measured at the load. Therefore, all loads must be capable of measuring power.
- the dissipated power 215P can be expressed by the following equation as the sum and difference of the power measured at each load from the total power supplied from the power supply terminal. This dissipation power includes all power losses caused by series-parallel faults.
- Fig-13 shows the quantitative value of abnormal dissipated power dissipated from the power grid ( , 215) can be extracted. If this dissipated power increases and exceeds the limit (if left unattended), it can lead to accidents. When the dissipated power exceeds the threshold, the power supply is cut off to prevent an accident or cope with the accident at the beginning. In addition, by tracking the increase trend of the dissipated power 215P, it is possible to detect the signs of an accident.
- the integrity (integrity) of the line can be quantified.
- the degree of risk can be quantified, and maintenance/repair information of the power grid can be derived.
- the present invention can measure the dissipated power due to all abnormal loads in the following manner.
- the power supply end supplies power to the load end through the power grid.
- the power supply stage calculates the difference between the power supplied to the load terminal and the sum of the load power, and calculates the dissipated power (line loss power).
- the dissipated power is generated not only due to a decrease in dielectric strength, but also due to line-specific resistance or parasitic resistance. Since the measurement result is all abnormal power except for normal load, it can be used as basic data for preventing accidents or determining abnormal signs of the power grid. Increasing the dissipated power leads to an accident. In the present invention, since the quantitative value of the dissipated power before an accident occurs, it is possible to know the progress of a short circuit/short circuit accident. In other words, it is possible to quantitatively express the abnormal symptoms of an accident caused by a short circuit. In addition, electric shock detection is also possible, but the above method cannot be designed with higher sensitivity than the method of detecting by leakage current described below.
- Fig.-14 shows the configuration of the power supply stage 200 and the receiving stage 400 added to detect defects and accidents on the line that may occur in the power system.
- the detection principle is a method of calculating the abnormal power through network analysis after measuring the dissipated power (loss power consumed in the transmission line), leakage current, and line voltage drop.
- the power supply 1 is connected to the input terminal of the upper node 200 and the output 290 is added to the line 300 connected to the input terminal 390 of the lower node 400 via the power grid 300, and the upper node ( In a power system including a message transmission means 500 between 200) and the lower node 400;
- the upper node (feeding end, power end, 200) measures the input voltage (power voltage, 1) and transmits it to the lower node (receiver end, load end, 400).
- the lower node transmits the load power information (current 403, power) to the upper node,
- the upper node receives the supply current 403T of the lower node and measures the leakage current 205 by subtracting it from its own power supply current 203.
- the degree of risk can be quantified by calculating the degree of the leakage current approaching the set threshold.
- the threshold limit value is set to the maximum value that can normally be operated without accidents.
- the load may be configured to pass through the receiving end 400. If all the load currents are summed in step 3 above, it can be applied to a power grid with multiple loads.
- the serial defect detection 310 of the line may be detected at the receiving end 400 in the following manner.
- the lower node receives the supply voltage 203T of the upper node and subtracts its own voltage (load voltage, 401) to obtain a voltage drop (voltage difference, 405), that is, a voltage drop reflecting the characteristics of the line. Since this voltage forms a different path when a parallel fault occurs, an error may occur, and there are some problems, but it is a useful method of detecting a fault in a line.
- Figures-13 and 15> show the configuration of a power grid having one power supply and n (n: natural numbers) loads as an embodiment for detecting parallel faults in the power grid.
- Power supply unit (1)) and all load terminals (Load-1 to Load-n) are equipped with voltage measuring means (voltmeter, 412-1 to 412-n) and current measuring means (ammeter, 414-1 to 414-n). do.
- the detection of a short circuit between live lines is possible by turning off the power of all loads and measuring the power current.
- other problems may arise only when the power supply to the load is cut off, and it is difficult to detect a progressive fault (short circuit).
- It is very important to measure/detect a short circuit in the state of a live wire.
- the leakage detection technology is effective in preventing accidents as it can be monitored at all times in a live state.
- serial defects such as intrinsic line resistance and poor connection are caused by the characteristics of the line in the load current, but parallel defects (FP204, FP206, FP208) crossing the line in a live state.
- FP204, FP206, FP208 parallel defects
- One leakage current cannot be measured directly by energizing the load.
- the present invention can calculate the leakage current caused by the parallel fault by an indirect method.
- the leakage current caused by the parallel fault can be measured by calculating the difference between the supply current and the actual current delivered to the load.
- Leakage current can be expressed by the following equation as the difference between the total power measured at each load and the total power supply.
- the leakage current caused by the parallel fault is as follows.
- the present invention can measure the leakage current caused by all abnormal loads in the following way.
- the power supply end supplies power to the load end through the power grid.
- the feed stage adds up the load currents of all the loads above.
- the power supply terminal calculates the leakage current by calculating the difference between the supply current sent from the load terminal and the sum of the load current.
- the integrity (integrity) of the line can be quantified.
- the maximum limit value is determined, the degree of risk can be quantified, and maintenance/repair information of the power grid can be derived.
- This current means that there is a parallel path (parallel fault) across the power line such as a short circuit. If this leakage current increases and exceeds the limit (if left unattended), it can lead to accidents. When the leakage current exceeds the limit, the power supply is cut off the power supply to prevent accidents or extinguish the accident at the beginning of the accident. In addition, it is possible to track an increase in leakage current to detect abnormal signs of accidents.
- Existing earth leakage blocking technology is a technology that detects an earth leakage by detecting an unbalanced current between lines, and has been widely used as a means to prevent electric shock accidents.
- the non-grounded leakage current between the active lines of the live part cannot be protected because it cannot be distinguished from the normal load.
- the present invention can measure leakage currents caused by all abnormal loads, including ground fault currents. Using this, it is possible to detect an ungrounded light short or electric shock between active charging lines.
- the current includes both the non-ground leakage current caused by the decrease in the dielectric strength between the ground current and the active charging line and the electric shock current in case of electric shock, but is hardly affected by series defects caused by parasitic resistance such as poor connection. Therefore, if this current is detected above a certain value, it leads to an accident.
- the leakage current can be known before an accident occurs, it is possible to know the progress of a short circuit/short circuit accident. That is, it is possible to quantitatively detect abnormal signs of an accident caused by a short circuit. Also, how far have you approached the preset threshold
- this charging circuit leakage technology detection can adjust the sensitivity if the critical limit value () is set variable as needed when designing the safety circuit breaker, so it is difficult to maintain the integrity of the power grid. The damage caused by can be minimized.
- the sensitivity control function can be usefully used in the temporary power grid if it is set high at the initial power-on and adjusted appropriately when safety is confirmed.
- the leakage current detection method can be designed more sensitively than the loss power detection method, thereby minimizing damage in case of a light short accident or electric shock.
- the present invention relates to a power grid line inspection (measurement) technology for detecting and preventing accidents occurring on a power transmission path, or for pre-identifying vulnerable defective lines, unlike the conventional overcurrent circuit breaker that monitors overload. Blocked or vulnerable information can be identified in advance so that proactive action can be taken.
- Figure-1 Conceptual diagram of a line defect detection system of the present invention
- Fig.-4 Line loss power, load power, total power consumption and line voltage drop according to line resistance change
- Fig. 7 Function of line voltage and line resistance (line resistance measurement)
- Fig.-8 Conceptual diagram of remote line resistance measurement
- Fig. 9 Line voltage and maximum allowable current function (measurement of maximum allowable current)
- Fig.-10 Function-related and protected areas of line resistance increase and line loss power
- Figure-11 Protection/non-protection risk area when the rated load of the overcurrent circuit breaker is exceeded
- Fig.-14 Detection of short circuit in live wire charging line-Detection of leakage current (electric shock detection)
- Fig.-15 Detection of short circuit in live charging line of multi-load power grid
- Fig.-16 Example of protection mechanism of energy converter (transformer)
- Fig.-19 Embodiment of a line defect detector with a single load
- Figure-21 An embodiment of a standalone control system connected through an IoT-cloud network
- Figures-13 to 18 are embodiments of a detector that detects a fault in the power grid.
- each of the above components plays two roles: power (input) and load (output) according to the energy flow. It is connected in a structure, and the lower node and the load are composed of at least one.
- Each control node has a measuring means for measuring energy (power information) passed through it, a communication means for exchanging messages between the control nodes, and a control means for controlling or alarming the output, and each control node can communicate with each other. , It has the function of measuring and controlling the energy (power information) passed through it.
- the control node minimizes disasters by measuring/monitoring and controlling power grid defects in the following ways.
- the upper control node provides its own electrical information (voltage) to the lower node (feed forward);
- Each lower node measures the energy (power and current) consumed by itself or through it, and provides it to the upper node (feedback);
- the upper node sums up all energy measurements delivered to the plurality of lower nodes
- the upper node derives the result by calculating/comparing the measured value of energy (power, current) of the lower node with the measured value of energy (power, current) passing through itself (to find the energy loss (power, current)) )
- control is compared with a threshold (a preset specific value), and according to the result, the energy supply to the lower node is blocked or an alarm is issued.
- a threshold a preset specific value
- Faults in the power grid can be progressive or sporadic (random).
- progression it is possible to detect abnormal signs of the power grid by observing the trend of output change, so that disaster prediction and preemptive response are possible.
- the power grid can maintain its integrity and prevent a disaster in advance.
- Measuring means for measuring its own voltage and power information (current or power) passing through (through) itself;
- Output transmitting means for transmitting the power information to the outside
- Comparison means for comparing the voltage difference with the threshold value
- External information collecting means for collecting and summing a plurality of external power information (power and current),
- Fig.-21 is an embodiment of a protector for preventing accidents by monitoring line voltage drop, line loss power change, and exceeding the limit of load power, which are abnormal signs of line defects,
- follow-up measures can be variably triggered depending on the severity of the abnormality, and the method of cutting off the power supply or notifying the control system or the person of the level of the line defect can promptly analyze the cause of the defect, take maintenance and repair measures. I can do it.
- the no-load voltage is regarded as the power supply voltage and processed in the initialization process in case the system may become confused because the power supply voltage, which is the control standard, cannot be obtained due to communication problems, etc. After that, when the feed end voltage can be obtained normally, it is updated to the actual power supply voltage and processed.
- FIGS. 1 and 12 are conceptual diagrams of an embodiment showing the operating principle of the present invention. Although expressed as a hardware circuit composed of various elements, most of the measuring means and control means can be implemented with a microprocessor and software.
- the method of detecting fire abnormalities according to the present invention includes a method of detecting line loss power, accumulated energy loss amount, or line voltage drop.
- a communication means for transmitting data acquired by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for digital discrete processing to a processing stage,
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- a threshold 58 which is the upper limit of the allowable power loss, which is a criterion for determining a dangerous situation
- the digitally converted data is collected by processing means;
- step (4) If the comparison result does not fall below the threshold, repeat from step (4), and if it is low, it is a method of limiting the power supply to the load, and detects a defect in the line (electrical characteristic change, exceeding the allowable current capacity due to deterioration).
- Dynamic circuit breaker characterized in that the method of cutting off the load.
- the feed end measures the feed voltage at all times to know the physical quantities (1, 13) of the feed end at the receiving end.
- the control means 40 turns on the load control means 24 before supplying power to the load 2 It is processed in the following steps.
- the line defect detection threshold is determined as a relative value depending on the situation by calculating the allowable maximum line voltage drop rate and power voltage, it can be automatically determined without setting it to a specific value, regardless of the power voltage and load capacity. It can be more useful as it can be applied dynamically to any load. However, since this prevents defects on the power supply line to the last, since the power capacity after the circuit breaker of the present invention allows up to the maximum usable capacity of the line, it is preferable to use the maximum load current as a current threshold to protect the load. The threshold of this value cannot be automatically calculated because it is a natural power according to the needs of the load.
- the present invention is a technology that prevents problems occurring in the supply line, and deviates from the area not to detect and prevent defects occurring inside all kinds of loads.
- a threshold for determining the upper limit of the load current is set and used in the same way as the conventional method, or a combination method of blocking overload based on the load power is also provided.
- the present invention detects a line abnormality in the following four methods, and if more than one is detected, it is determined that there is a line problem and follow-up measures are taken. It can be detected in a variety of ways.
- the feed end voltage (1) is measured and transmitted to the control means (40), and upon receiving normal data, the control means multiplies by the allowable voltage fluctuation rate (54) to update the threshold stored in the determination reference value RDmax (54);
- the line voltage drop (31, 45) is calculated from the feed voltage (1) of the feed end (11) (or the stored no-load voltage (21) and the current load voltage (21-1)), and a preset threshold ( 71), if it falls below the threshold, it is determined that it is a defect on the line, and the power supplied to the load 2 is cut off or detected.
- the line voltage drop (31, 45) is calculated from the feed voltage (1) of the feed end (11) (or the stored no-load voltage (21) and the current load voltage (21-1)), and the load current (22). ) To calculate the loss power 85 lost in the line;
- the simple stand-alone model treats the no-load voltage as the power supply voltage during the initialization process.
- the first trip condition when the first trip condition occurs, to check the error due to the change in the condition of the feed stage, temporarily switch the load to the no-load state and switch the no-load voltage.
- the cause of the trip signal is not the power voltage fluctuation, it is concluded as a fault in the line, or if the power voltage fluctuation is the cause, the no-load voltage value is updated and the initial power-on procedure is re-executed.
- the data learned by the above procedure may be reflected in the threshold setting. That is, by analyzing and learning the change pattern of the load current, a threshold value suitable for the load condition is derived, and it is dynamically varied by interlocking according to the pattern of the load current.
- FIG. 1 and 12 show examples of installing a defect detection and control device at the receiving end in the present invention.
- Line loss power can be calculated by measuring and calculating the feed end voltage, receiving end voltage, and load current (which are basically related to line loss power).
- load current which are basically related to line loss power.
- the no-load line voltage at the receiving end ( ) Is regarded (replaced) as the feed end voltage (1, 15) until the situation changes and is updated to a new value and treated as a reference value.
- No-load line voltage of the receiving end ( ) Maintains the voltage just before turning on when the load is turned on, and this value is updated in real time when the load is cut off.
- the amount of heat generated due to line power loss may be used as a reference value for judgment.
- the basic concept of the present invention can be applied to the safety management of energy converters such as transformers in the power grid. That is, the power dissipated from the transformer can be measured in real time, so that safe driving information can be obtained and dangerous water level information can be known, thereby preventing accidents such as explosions.
- 16 shows that the present invention is implemented based on the idea of detecting a defect by detecting an energy loss of a power system, and is applicable to all fields of energy transfer conversion.
- the main causes of accidents such as transformers 810 and power converters such as inverters are analyzed as interlayer short circuits 812 and 814, overheating, insulating oil deterioration, connection defects, and overloads.
- aging changes according to external conditions and aging/deterioration, so that the maximum allowable power is lowered.
- the limit power 214 is set as the efficiency of the converter and the power loss 205, safe operation according to the aging is possible.
- the overheat detection 820 which is a symptom of deterioration of the converter 810, is used in combination is shown. If the condition is properly reflected and remotely monitored through IoT technology, proper operation is possible without the use of complex additional sensors.
- the disaster prevention/monitoring system of the present invention has a structure in which remote management is easy with a simpler and cheaper method than the conventional method when linked with smart grid technology. The following shows an example of an appropriate trip condition according to the degree of deterioration.
- the energy converter 802 may adopt any means such as RF, electromagnetic coupling method, optical communication, etc., as required for electrical insulation between inputs and outputs.
- energy converters such as transformers are close to input/output.
- the fiber optics communication method is advantageous when considering EMI, etc. as it requires high insulation and withstand voltage.
- Power Node is a control device that receives (input) power from the power source (upper power grid) and distributes power to the load (lower power grid). It measures electrical information on the power transmission line and controls the power supply according to the state. do.
- the power grid has a hierarchical structure, and has a hierarchical tree topology in which the upper node-power grid-lower node types are repeated. In the present invention, a physical branch without a bridge is logically regarded as the same layer.
- Hierarchical classification is effective when the node becomes a control target.
- a sub node is added to the power grid managed by a node, the node subordinate to it is considered as a load.
- the power grid is physically in the form of a mesh multipoint bus tree.
- a layer and a branch are classified based on the control node ().
- the Power Control Domain (Power Segment Plane, Power Class) (Fig.-17B) has one power source (1, supply end, input) and one or more loads (receiver end, output). Regardless of the supply and demand of energy in a power system, it is a unit of power grid in which control mechanisms such as sensing areas and protection are separated from other power grids (independent objects).In general, the power grid is extended in a hierarchy structure, so the power is physically the same layer.
- the detection area and control mechanisms such as protection are defined as a unit of the power grid separated from other power grids (independent objects).
- the control nodes 200, 400, and 600 receive power from the upper node and directly deliver it to the lower load. Control and measurement are only possible in one step above and below. However, in obtaining the measured value of the supply voltage, if communication with the own supply control node (n-1 layer) is not smooth, the control section can be extended by obtaining it from the higher level node (200. n-2).
- the nodes 200, 400, 600 can transmit power, measure the voltage, current, and power, and exchange messages with a node having a means for controlling the output.
- the gateway node 400 is a node 400 having a function of receiving power from an upper node having the functions of a feed end and a receiving end, transfers it to a lower node or domain, and controls power supply to the lower node 600 when necessary. .
- the lower power grid expands in a hierarchical structure, thus affecting the flow of power energy delivery.
- All power planes see the upper plane as a power source and receive power, and the lower plane (600, 600-2, 600-3) as a load and supply power.
- the upper plane see the upper plane as a power source and receive power
- the lower plane 600, 600-2, 600-3 as a load and supply power.
- the load of the same domain is valid, and power information of the upper domain or lower domain of the second level or higher is not subject to judgment except for neighbors of the same level.
- Fig-21 shows a power grid management system to which IoT technology is applied.
- electrical data that can determine an abnormality sign of an accident is the line voltage drop ( ), line loss power ( ), line resistance ( ) And maximum allowable current ( ) Is information directly related to an accident, and if any of these exceeds the allowable range, it will lead to an accident, so it must be monitored at all times.
- Double line resistance ( ), maximum allowable current ( ) Is related to the line equipment, so it must be identified and maintained in advance.
- the dynamic measurement technology of the present invention does not cut off the power supply to the line and does not use a special measuring device.
- the maximum allowable current ( ) Can be estimated.
- Power grid fault detection technology combines information and communication technologies such as existing IoT technology to know real-time power and supply, and even the state of the power grid, making it possible to implement a power grid safety map (a number). By establishing a social safety net with technology, it is possible to detect electric accidents in advance, thereby maximizing safety.
- the extracted line information is applied to multiple distribution networks based on the analysis and processing information in a more advanced method, such as analyzing the cause of electric fire or early detection of line deterioration through recording and analysis of lost power.
- Quantitative information can be derived.
- the safety level-various voltage drop ( ), line loss power ( ), line resistance ( ) And maximum allowable current ( ) In consideration of the safety level on the map, and the line supply voltage ( ), load voltage ( ), load current ( ), load power ( ) Is measured and compared in real time, and if it exceeds a certain value, an alarm is generated and the power grid control center is notified. Users are notified by alert or SMS message. If the risk index is high and it is judged to be serious, most of the line accidents can be prevented by immediately shutting off the power supply to the load. However, in the case of overload, the above method is suitable. It will be a more practical system if you can respond in advance through notice. A more practical system can be built by setting the threshold in multiple stages and warning each stage according to the level of risk.
- Connection to the smart grid can be implemented by connecting to the Internet cloud via the gateway 300 using commercially available IoT technology. Monitoring data for a plurality of line information can be transmitted from a separate power grid information collecting device included in the gateway.
- the Internet may be any one of wired/wireless communication networks providing communication of various information devices within a limited area, or may be formed of a combination of two or more.
- the transmission method standard of a network corresponding to the Internet is not limited to the existing transmission method standard, and is useful only when all transmission method standards to be developed in the future can be applied.
- the power grid control center can grasp the current status of power lines in real time, faults in the power grid due to line defects and overloads can be detected, and maintenance/repair information can be obtained in advance to prevent failures.
- the degree of risk can be quantified, and the degree of risk can be reflected as a determining factor in the objective safety grade index.
- the present invention prevents accidents in advance by taking appropriate precautions by detecting electrical defects in power grids and abnormal signs of lines.
- the communication network it is basically designed to operate in stand-alone mode as well.
- the line defect detector of the present invention is basically not dependent on the physical position of the line, it detects line defects between the measurement point (power supply end) and the receiving end (load) wherever it is located.
- the fault detects abnormal signs in the form of an increase in voltage drop or an increase in line loss power and leakage current.
- each node notifies the measured information and control information to an external control center or neighboring nodes, thereby enabling a more effective and fine-grained safety net construction.
- each node system of the present invention can be configured to have an association relationship, but since each node operates independently (stand-alone), an extension structure that does not adversely affect each other is possible. By receiving information from the relevant node and processing only data related to itself, the flexibility of expansion is high when building a network, so it is not limited.
- the control device If the measured value in each measuring means and the value calculated according to the processing/verification algorithm based on it are out of the preset normal range, the control device generates an error in one or more of the overloads exceeding the line allowable current capacity or exceeding the current capacity. We judge that we did and follow up.
- Each measurement and processing in this step is synchronized using an interrupt technique and processed in real time in parallel, which is desirable because precision can be improved.
- Follow-up measures can trigger an alarm step by step depending on the degree of deviation from the standard range, and a risk map is established based on the database by sending the risk of shutting off the power supplied to the load causing the alarm according to the number of alarms and the risk. It is possible to take various actions, and it can play a major component in the control network, such as as a node of a smart grid using IoT technology.
- the fault detection loop is cycled by closing the contact again to restore power to the interrupted circuit.
- the present invention can be applied to all electric systems regardless of AC/DC, and can be applied in various forms to energy conversion systems such as transformers, power inverters, solar power generation systems, and ESS.
- Preemptive safety technology is highly expected to be commercialized as it can dramatically reduce the damage to human life and property caused by electric fires and social expenses, growth through the demand of the IoT-based safety-related smart device parts/products industry and IoT-based measurement technology The industry is expected to grow together.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 전력망의 결함을 검출하기 위하여 전원(공급원) -> 제어노드(상위) -> 전력망(선로) -> 제어노드(하위) -> 부하(소비단) 순으로 종속(계층적) 구조로 연결하여 전력(전기 에너지)을 공급하는 전력 제어망에서, 상기 각 구성 요소들은 각각 에너지 흐름에 따라 전원(입력)과 부하(출력)의 두 역할을 하는 구조로 연결되며, 하나 이상 하위노드와 부하로 구성하여, 각 제어노드는 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력정보)를 측정하는 측정수단, 제어노드 간 메시지를 교환하는 통신수단 및 출력을 제어 또는 경보하는 제어수단을 구비하고, 각 제어노드는 서로 통신이 가능하며, 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력정보)를 측정하고 제어하는 기능을 구비하여,(1) 상위 제어노드는 자신의 전기적 정보(전압)를 하위노드에 제공(피드 포워드)하는 단계;(2) 하위노드는 상위노드와의 전압차를 구하여 그 결과에 따라 부하를 제어하는 단계;(3) 모든 하위노드는 각각 자신을 경유하거나 자신이 소비한 에너지(전력 및 전류)를 측정하여 상위노드에 제공(피드 백)하는 단계;(4) 상위노드는 복수의 하위노드에 전달된 에너지 측정값을 모두 합산하는 단계;(5) 상위노드는 하위노드의 에너지(전력, 전류) 측정값과 자신을 경유한 에너지(전력, 전류) 측정값을 연산/비교하여 결과를 도출하는 단계 (손실되는 에너지(전력, 전류)를 구하는 단계)(6) 상기 도출 결과를 미리 설정된 임계치와 비교하여, 그 결과에 따라 부하(하위노드)로 에너지 공급을 차단하거나 경보를 발신하는 방법으로 대처한 전력망의 결함을 측정/감시하는 전력망제어 시스템
- 전원, 제어노드, 배전선로, 제어노드, 부하로 구성된 전력망에서 상위노드(전원측)는 배전선로를 경유하여 하위노드(부하측)로 에너지(전력)를 공급하여,(1) 하위노드는 전압측정치를 상위 노드로 전송하는 피드-포워드단계;(2) 상위노드와 하위노드 간의 전압강하에 따른 전압 변동률에 따라 부하를 제어하는 단계;(3) 모든 하위노드는 각각 자신이 공급받은 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 측정하여 상위노드에 전달하는 측정값 피드-백 단계;(4) 상위노드는 복수의 하위노드의 상기 에너지(전력 또는 전류) 측정값을 모두 합산하는 단계;(5) 상위노드는 하위노드에 전달된 상기 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 자신이 보낸 에너지(전력 또는 전류)를 연산하여 손실 에너지를 구하는 연산단계;(6) 상기 도출 결과를 미리 설정된 임계치와 비교하여, 그 결과에 따라 부하(하위노드)로 에너지 공급을 차단하거나 경보를 발신하는 방법으로 대처한 전력망의 결함을 측정/감시하는 전력망제어 시스템.
- 전력망으로 연결된 둘 이상의 원격지점(노드)에서 에너지의 공급과 분배를 제어하고, 물리적으로는 둘 이상으로 분리되나 기능적으로 결합된 연관 메커니즘을 구성하기 위하여;자신의 전압과 자신을 통과(관통)하는 전력정보(전류 또는 전력)를 측정하는 측정수단;상기 전력정보를 외부로 송신하는 출력 송신수단,자신의 전압과 외부에서 입력된 전압을 연산하여 전압차를 구하는 연산수단,상기 전압차를 상기 임계치와 비교하는 비교수단,복수의 외부 전력정보(전력 및 전류)를 수집하여 합산하는 외부정보 수집수단,자신의 전력 정보와 상기 수집된 외부 전력정보를 연산 또는 비교하여 연산/비교 결과에 따라 제어량을 출력하는 출력수단을 구비하여 전력망의 소실전력 또는 누설전류를 측정하여 출력을 제어하는 전력제어장치.
- 전력을 공급하는 급전단, 전송선로 및 부하로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함으로 인한 사고발생 전에 위험 징후를 감지하기 위해, 상기 급전단의 선로전압을 측정하여 송출하는 수단; 상기 급전단의 선로전압을 수신하는 수단; 전원전압레지스터, 선로전압강하 임계치, 부하전류임계치, 부하전력 임계치를 설정하는 수단; 부하전류를 측정하는 전류측정수단; 차단(Trip) 전압, 전류 및 전력의 임계치 설정수단; 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 설정수단; 상기 무부하시 미리 설정된 전압 임계치와 현재 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 부하에 전력공급을 차단한 후 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 전원전압레지스터에 설정;(2) 최대 전압허용임계치를 설정 - 기준치(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 급전단 전압의 측정이 가능하지 않으면 단계(6) 실행(5) 급전단의 전압을 측정하여 상기 전원전압레지스터로 대체;(6) 부하전압과 부하전류를 측정하여 외부로 송신;(7) 상기 전원전압레지스터에서 상기 부하전압의 차를 구하여 선로강하전압를 구함;(8) 상기 부하전류와 상기 선로강하전압을 곱하여 선로손실전력 계산;(9) 미리 설정된 전압임계치와 상기 선로강하전압를 비교하여, 선로강하전압이 임계치를 초과하는 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 부하를 차단;(10) 상기 선로손실전력과 미리 설정된 전력임계치를 비교;(11) 선로손실전력이 전력임계치 초과 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 상기 부하를 차단하고 아니면 단계(4)부터 반복 실행하는 방법으로,현재 배전선로 상태의 최대전력공급능력(허용전류용량)과 선로 전송경로의 열화의 상태에 따라 위험 징후를 검출하여 정상 동작 범위를 벗어나면 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 화재징후 검출 방법 및 방지 시스템.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원과 부하 사이의 전송선로로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함으로 인한 사고발생 전에 위험 징후를 감지하기 위해,상기 전송선로의 전압을 측정하는 측정 수단; 부하전류를 측정하는 전류측정수단; 차단(Trip) 전압, 전류 및 전력 임계치 설정수단; 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 설정수단; 상기 무부하시 미리 설정된 전압 임계치와 현재 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 부하에 전력을 차단한 후 무부하 선로전압을 측정;(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하여 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 상한 임계치(허용변화율 )를 결정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 저장된 무부하전압과 상기 부하전압의 감산; 선로 강하전압를 산출;(7) 부하전류측정한 후 상기 선로강하전압을 곱하여 선로소비전력 계산;(8) 미리 설정된 전압임계치와 상기 선로강하전압를 비교하여 이 선로강하전압 임계치를 초과하는 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 부하를 차단;(9) 한편 상기 선로소비전력과 미리 설정된 선로손실전력 임계치를 비교;(10) 임계치 초과 정도에 따라 경보를 발하거나 상기 부하를 차단하는 방법으로 현재 배전선로 상태의 최대전력공급능력(허용전류용량)에 따라 동적으로 차단 임계치가 가변되는 방법으로, 선로 전송경로 열화의 상태에 따라 위험 징후를 검출하여 정상 동작 범위를 벗어나면 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원(1)과 부하(2) 사이의 전송선로(3X)로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함을 검출하여 위험상황 발생을 미리 방지하기 위해, 상기 전송선로의 전압(21)을 측정하는 측정 수단(20, 22); 부하 차단 기준치(71)를 가변적으로 설정하여 저장하는 임계치 설정수단(54); 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 허용전압강하율 설정수단; 무부하시 미리 설정된 상기 임계치와 (현시점의) 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호(45)에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단(24)을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하고 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 부하전압과 상기 임계치를 비교;(7) 상기 비교결과 상기 임계치 이하로 떨어지지 않으면 단계(4)부터 반복하고, 낮으면 부하에 전력공급을 제한하는 방법으로, 선로의 결함(전기적 특성변화, 열화에 따른 허용 전류용량 초과)을 검출하여 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력을 공급하는 전원(1)과 부하(2) 사이의 전송선로(3X)로 구성된 전기 회로망에서 선로의 전기적 결함을 검출하여 위험상황 발생을 미리 방지하기 위해, 상기 전송선로의 전압(21)을 측정하는 측정 수단(20, 22); 부하 차단 기준치(71)를 가변적으로 설정하여 저장하는 임계치 설정수단(54); 허용 전압강하율을 설정하는 허용전압강하율 설정수단; 무부하시 미리 설정된 상기 임계치와 (현시점의) 부하전압을 비교하여 그 결과에 따라 부하 제어신호를 발생하는 제어수단; 상기 제어신호(45)에 따라 부하 전력을 공급/차단할 수 있는 부하제어수단(24)을 구비한 안전차단기에서,(1) 허용 전압강하율을 설정;(2) 부하에 전력공급을 차단하여 무부하 선로전압을 측정하여 이 값을 공급전압으로 간주하고 저장;(3) 상기 무부하 선로전압과 상기 허용전압강하율을 연산하여 상한 임계치(허용변화율)를 결정;(4) 부하에 전력을 공급;(5) 부하에 공급되는 부하전압을 측정;(6) 상기 저장된 무부하전압과 상기 부하전압의 감산;(7) 상기 연산결과 상기 임계치를 비교;(8) 상기 비교결과가 임계치를 초과하지 않으면 단계(4)부터 반복하고, 초과하면 부하에 전력공급을 제한하는 방법으로, 선로의 결함(전기적 특성변화, 열화에 따른 허용 전류용량 초과)을 검출하여 부하를 차단하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 동적 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 상기 급전단과 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여;(1) 급전단의 전압을 측정;(2) 선로손실전력의 허용 임계치를 설정;(3) 수전단의 전압 및 전류를 측정하고 선로에서 소실되는 선로손실전력을 산출;(2) 상기 선로손실전력이 상기 허용 임계치를 초과하면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 급전단과 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 급전단의 전압을 측정;(2) 선로손실전력의 허용 임계치를 설정;(3) 수전단의 전압 및 전류를 측정하고 선로에서 소실되는 선로손실전력을 산출;(2) 상기 선로손실전력이 상기 허용 임계치를 초과하면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 선로에 연결된 부하를 차단하고 무부하 선로전압 전압을 측정하고 저장;(2) 상기 무부하 선로전압 전압과 허용률을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 수전단의 부하전압을 측정하고 상기 허용 임계치를 벗어나면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
- 전력의 공급 경로의 전기적 결함으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 사고의 징후를 검출하기 위해, 급전단 및 수전단의 전압을 측정하는 수단; 선로전류를 측정하는 수단; 연산수단 및 부하를 제어할 수 있는 제어수단을 구비하여,(1) 선로에 연결된 부하를 차단하고 무부하 선로전압을 측정하고 저장;(2) 상기 무부하 선로전압 전압과 허용률을 연산하여 임계치를 설정;(3) 부하에 전력을 공급;(4) 급전단의 전압 측정이 유효하면 급전단전압을 측정하고 허용률과 연산하여 상기 임계치를 갱신;(5) 수전단의 부하전압을 측정하고 상기 허용 임계치를 벗어나면, 공급경로(선로)의 결함으로 간주하고 선로의 전류를 제한하는 방법을 특징으로 하는 회로차단기.
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