CN202059185U - 微电网并离网控制装置 - Google Patents

微电网并离网控制装置 Download PDF

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CN202059185U
CN202059185U CN2011201400323U CN201120140032U CN202059185U CN 202059185 U CN202059185 U CN 202059185U CN 2011201400323 U CN2011201400323 U CN 2011201400323U CN 201120140032 U CN201120140032 U CN 201120140032U CN 202059185 U CN202059185 U CN 202059185U
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signal
cpu processing
processing module
grid
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傅美平
毛建容
李富生
马宏伟
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/14—District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型涉及微电网并离网控制装置，包括CPU处理模块，用于对各输入信号进行分析处理；采样模块，用于采集电流、电压信号并转换为数字信号上传给CPU处理模块；开入开出模块，包括开关量输入和开关量输出，开关量输入用于采集开关的状态信号，开关量输出用于将CPU处理模块的指令信号输出至执行元件；通讯模块，采用IEC61850规约，用于与以太网通讯连接；所述采样模块、开入开出模块、通讯模块分别与CPU处理模块通讯连接。本装置采用全封闭技术，强弱电严格分开，抗干扰能力强，硬件回路的全面自检，完成测量、控制、远动、通信、事故记录功能，保护功能配置齐全，可通过人机交互操作实现保护功能的选配，满足用户的个性化需求。

Description

微电网并离网控制装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种监控微电网与配电网公共连接点的装置，具体涉及一种微电网并离网控制装置。
背景技术
微电网可以看成电力系统的一种结构，包括分布式电源、负荷、储能设备等的小型系统。微电网相对主网可作为可调度的负荷，对内部，可以提供满足负荷需求的电能，相当于可定制的电源。
微电网系统可工作于并网与离网两种运行模式。在正常情况下，微电网与大电网并网运行，由微电网补充自身发电量或向电网供出多余的电能。在检测到电网故障或者电能质量不满足时，微电网与大电网断开，形成离网状态的孤岛模式。
因此，微电网的运行控制应该做到能够基于本地信息对大电网中的事件作出快速响应，当微电网内部发生故障、电压频率跌落等问题时，微电网的分布式发电系统应该利用本地信息自动有效地转换到独立运行模式。如何监控电能质量，检测辨识电网故障，并作出正确响应，是微电网保护控制技术的关键和难题。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种对微网与大电网公共连接点进行监控的微电网并离网控制装置，以实现故障监测、孤网自动断开连接断路器、自动并网功能。
为实现上述目的，本实用新型的微电网并离网控制装置包括：
CPU处理模块，用于对各输入信号进行分析处理；
采样模块，用于采集电流、电压信号并转换为数字信号上传给CPU处理模块；
开入开出模块，包括开关量输入和开关量输出，开关量输入用于采集开关的状态信号，开关量输出用于将CPU处理模块的指令信号输出至执行元件；
通讯模块，采用IEC61850规约，用于与以太网通讯连接；
所述采样模块、开入开出模块、通讯模块分别与CPU处理模块通讯连接。
进一步的，还包括人机交互模块，该模块为点阵液晶和按键设计，该模块与CPU处理模块通讯连接。
进一步的，所述CPU处理模块包括计算单元、比较判断单元和处理单元，用于对输入的信号进行计算，计算值在比较判断单元中与预计的定值进行比较，达到功能启动的条件，则进入处理单元，产生相应地的控制信号；
进一步的，所述采样模块包括电流互感器、电压互感器、A/D转换器，电流互感器、电流互感器用于将采集的线路大电流、大电压变换成二次信号，经过A/D转换器将小电流或小电压模拟信号转换成数字信号上传给CPU处理模块。
本实用新型的微电网并离网控制装置中，电压电流经过转换后的数字信号输入CPU处理模块，通过快速傅里叶变换，计算得出谐波量、频率等，并将这些数值输送到比较判断单元，根据预设的相应定值，判断系统是否发生故障，若故障发生，则启动装置设置的相应保护功能，产生控制指令输送到开入开出模块，当微电网进线发生短路故障，装置过流保护功能启动，断开公共连接点的开关，隔离故障，若发生过负荷事件，只启动告警，发过负荷报警信号。通过该微电网并离网控制装置的实时监测，可完成微电网孤岛运行模式到并网运行模式的相互转化。本装置采用全封闭技术，强弱电严格分开，抗干扰能力强，硬件回路的全面自检，完成测量、控制、远动、通信、事故记录功能，保护功能配置齐全，可通过人机交互操作实现保护功能的选配，满用户的个性化需求。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型实施例的系统原理图；
图2是本实用新型实施例的配置功能。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本实用新型的微电网并离网控制装置包括电源模块1、采样模块2、CPU处理模块3、开入开出模块4、通讯模块5和人机交互模块6，且采样模块2、开入开出模块4、通讯模块5和人机交互模块6分别与CPU处理模块3通讯连接。
电源模块1为微电网并离网控制装置提供必要的稳定直流电源，输入为直流220V，输出提供+5V系统电源及24V开入量电源。
采样模块2包括电流互感器、电压互感器和A/D转换器。电压互感器PT和电流互感器CT将采集的线路大电压或大电流变换成二次信号，经过A/D转换器将小电流或小电压模拟信号转换成数字信号，并输入CPU处理模块。
开入开出模块4包括开关量输入和开关量输出。其中开关量输入是通过传感器采集开关的状态信号，包括开关的分/合位、弹簧储能信号；开关量输出将CPU处理模块发出的操作指令信号连接至执行元件的驱动电路。当配电网出现电压频率骤升、骤降、不平衡和谐波等电能质量问题，装置检测出异常，发出断开连接微电网和主网的开关的操作指令，开关根据驱动电路的端口信号执行相应的断开操作。开关状态经过开入开出模块4反馈给CPU处理模块3，确认微电网转入孤岛运行模式，装置发出离网信号。
人机交互模块6为点阵液晶和按键设计，友好的界面，全中文类Windows菜单模式，结构清晰，交互方式简单、大方、人性化。
通讯模块5遵循IEC61850规约，经以太网将CPU处理模块3发出的离网信号传给微电网集中控制系统，分布式电源接收信号并快速响应，分担用户负荷，维持对自身内部负荷的电能供应。同时上级微电网集中控制系统也可通过该通讯模块遥控本装置，即与微电网集中控制系统进行通信，实现装置遥测、遥信、遥调、遥控。
CPU处理模块3用于对各输入信号进行分析处理，是在32位中央处理器上通过软件实现上述的逻辑功能，本模块是整个微电网并离网控制装置的核心。其中包括计算单元、比较判断单元和处理单元，电压电流经过转换后的数字信号，通过快速傅里叶变换，计算得出谐波量、频率等，并将这些数值输送到比较判断单元。根据预设的相应定值，判断系统是否发生故障，若故障发生，则启动装置设置的相应保护功能，产生控制指令输送到开入开出模块。当微电网进线发生短路故障，装置过流保护功能启动，断开公共连接点的开关，隔离故障。而发生过负荷事件，只启动告警，发过负荷报警信号。
本微电网并离网控制装置用在配电网与微电网的公共连接线路和连接母线上，可同时管理两个公共连接线路和母线分段断路器，主要配置有如图2所示的孤岛检测、自动同期并网、手动同期并网、过负荷告警、过流保护、逆流告警。
孤岛检测用于检测微电网所连配电线路发生故障后，微电网需要很快判断出问题并快速跳开微网入口开关，进入孤岛运行模式，将可以提高供电可靠性和不间断性，减小对系统备用的要求，利于系统恢复，对电网公司、微电源所有者和用户都是非常有利的。装置孤岛检测充分考虑母线段欠/过频、欠/过压、电压谐波、进线正序分量等因素。
当微电网处于孤岛运行模式时，外部故障解除，电压恢复正常，则进行自动同期并网。同时装置还设置手合同期并网，与自动并网有区别的是，手合同期并网是人工手动，合上微网入口开关，进入并网运行模式。
装置设置过流保护及过负荷告警功能，用以检测短路故障和内部负荷过大的问题。
若系统不支持微电网向大电网供电，装置投入逆流告警功能，一旦潮流反向流动，装置发出报警。若支持潮流双向流动，则可不投该防逆流功能。
最后所应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明而非限定本实用新型的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本实用新型进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解；依然可以对本实用新型进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本实用新型的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本实用新型的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (4)

1.一种微电网并离网控制装置，其特征在于，该装置包括：
CPU处理模块，用于对各输入信号进行分析处理；
采样模块，用于采集电流、电压信号并转换为数字信号上传给CPU处理模块；
开入开出模块，包括开关量输入和开关量输出，开关量输入用于采集开关的状态信号，开关量输出用于将CPU处理模块的指令信号输出至执行元件；
通讯模块，采用IEC61850规约，用于与以太网通讯连接；
所述采样模块、开入开出模块、通讯模块分别与CPU处理模块通讯连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微电网并离网控制装置，其特征在于：还包括人机交互模块，该模块为点阵液晶和按键设计，该模块与CPU处理模块通讯连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微电网并离网控制装置，其特征在于：所述CPU处理模块包括计算单元、比较判断单元和处理单元，用于对输入的信号进行计算，计算值在比较判断单元中与预计的定值进行比较，达到功能启动的条件，则进入处理单元，产生相应地的控制信号。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的微电网并离网控制装置，其特征在于：所述采样模块包括电流互感器、电压互感器、A/D转换器，电流互感器、电流互感器用于将采集的线路大电流、大电压变换成二次信号，经过A/D转换器将小电流或小电压模拟信号转换成数字信号上传给CPU处理模块。
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