WO2021008383A1 - 扬声器及终端设备 - Google Patents

扬声器及终端设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008383A1
WO2021008383A1 PCT/CN2020/100007 CN2020100007W WO2021008383A1 WO 2021008383 A1 WO2021008383 A1 WO 2021008383A1 CN 2020100007 W CN2020100007 W CN 2020100007W WO 2021008383 A1 WO2021008383 A1 WO 2021008383A1
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Prior art keywords
component
diaphragm
speaker
cavity
piezoelectric
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PCT/CN2020/100007
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English (en)
French (fr)
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阮清波
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维沃移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2021008383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008383A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a speaker and a terminal device.
  • speakers usually include piezoelectric speakers, electromagnetic speakers, capacitive speakers, electrodynamic speakers, etc.
  • the working principle of piezoelectric speakers is usually: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet is attached to the middle frame or screen of a terminal device, and when the piezoelectric ceramic sheet vibrates, the middle frame or screen is vibrated to produce sound.
  • the aforementioned piezoelectric speaker produces sound through the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet to drive the middle frame or the screen to vibrate, the electro-acoustic conversion effect of the speaker is not high, resulting in poor sound quality output by the speaker.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a speaker and a terminal device, so as to solve the problem that the electro-acoustic conversion effect of the speaker in the related terminal device is not high, resulting in poor sound quality output by the speaker.
  • a speaker which includes a non-enclosed cavity, a diaphragm component arranged in the cavity, and a piezoelectric component arranged on a first surface of the diaphragm component
  • the second surface of the diaphragm component is spaced from the first inner surface of the cavity, and the first surface of the piezoelectric component is spaced from the second inner surface of the cavity.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the diaphragm component are two opposite surfaces on the diaphragm component
  • the first surface and the second surface of the piezoelectric component are two opposite surfaces on the piezoelectric component.
  • the second surface is in contact with the first surface of the diaphragm member.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a terminal device, which includes the speaker in the above-mentioned first aspect.
  • the speaker includes a non-closed cavity, a diaphragm component disposed in the cavity, and a piezoelectric component disposed on the first surface of the diaphragm component, and the second surface of the diaphragm component
  • the surface is spaced from the first inner surface of the cavity, and the first surface of the piezoelectric component is spaced from the second inner surface of the cavity.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the diaphragm component are two opposite surfaces on the diaphragm component
  • the first surface and the second surface of the piezoelectric component are two opposite surfaces on the piezoelectric component.
  • the second surface is in contact with the first surface of the diaphragm member.
  • the speaker is provided with a diaphragm component suspended in the cavity, and the diaphragm component carries a piezoelectric component. Therefore, the vibration of the piezoelectric component will drive the diaphragm component to vibrate together in the cavity and push the air to produce sound.
  • the suspension structure can increase the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm component, thus can increase the loudness of the sound produced by the vibration, improve the low-frequency effect of the sound, and enhance the electro-acoustic conversion effect of the speaker. In this way, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • FIG. 1 is one of the schematic diagrams of the hardware structure of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded hardware of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker in a terminal device provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • first and second in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects, rather than describing a specific order of objects.
  • first surface and the second surface are used to distinguish different surfaces, rather than to describe a specific order of the surfaces.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations, or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present disclosure should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. To be precise, words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used to present related concepts in a specific manner.
  • multiple means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, etc.; An element refers to two or more elements, etc.
  • Piezoelectric speakers are speakers that use the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials.
  • Inverse piezoelectric effect refers to the effect of elastic deformation (also known as electrostriction) of a dielectric medium placed in an electric field.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a speaker and a terminal device.
  • the speaker includes a non-closed cavity, a diaphragm component arranged in the cavity, and a piezoelectric component arranged on a first surface of the diaphragm component.
  • the second surface of the membrane component is spaced from the first inner surface of the cavity, and the first surface of the piezoelectric component is spaced from the second inner surface of the cavity.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the diaphragm component are two opposite surfaces on the diaphragm component
  • the first surface and the second surface of the piezoelectric component are two opposite surfaces on the piezoelectric component.
  • the second surface is in contact with the first surface of the diaphragm member.
  • the speaker is provided with a diaphragm component suspended in the cavity, and the diaphragm component carries a piezoelectric component. Therefore, the vibration of the piezoelectric component will drive the diaphragm component to vibrate together in the cavity and push the air to produce sound.
  • the suspension structure can increase the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm component, thus can increase the loudness of the sound produced by the vibration, improve the low-frequency effect of the sound, and enhance the electro-acoustic conversion effect of the speaker. In this way, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • the speaker 1 may include a non-enclosed cavity 10, a diaphragm component 11 arranged in the cavity 10, and a diaphragm component 11 arranged in the cavity.
  • the piezoelectric component 12 on the first surface 11a, the second surface 11b of the diaphragm component 11 and the first inner surface 10a of the cavity 10 are spaced apart, and the first surface 12a of the piezoelectric component 12 is spaced from the cavity 10
  • the second inner surfaces 10b are arranged at intervals.
  • the first surface 11a and the second surface 11b of the diaphragm member 11 are two opposite surfaces on the diaphragm member 11; the first inner surface 10a of the cavity 10 and the second inner surface 10b of the cavity 10 are cavities 10 two inner surfaces opposite to each other; the first surface 12a and the second surface 12b of the piezoelectric component 12 are the two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric component 12, and the second surface 12b of the piezoelectric component 12 and the diaphragm component 11 The first surface 11a is in contact.
  • the implementation manner of the diaphragm component being arranged in the cavity may be: at least one side of the diaphragm component is fixed on the inner side wall of the cavity.
  • the diaphragm component is a quadrangular diaphragm, all four sides of the diaphragm component can be fixed on the inner side wall of the cavity, so that the diaphragm component can be suspended in the cavity.
  • this structure can be called a suspension structure of the diaphragm component.
  • the diaphragm component is fixed on the side wall of the cavity, and the diaphragm component carries the piezoelectric component, so that the diaphragm component and the piezoelectric component are both suspended in the cavity and form an air cavity with the inner wall of the cavity.
  • the piezoelectric component can be used as a vibration source. If the piezoelectric component vibrates, it can drive the diaphragm component to vibrate (for example, vibrate up and down in the direction of the dashed arrow). That is, the vibration of the piezoelectric component will drive the diaphragm component to vibrate together, pushing the air to make sound.
  • the diaphragm component 11 may have a folding ring structure 110, and the diaphragm component 11 may be connected to the cavity 10 through the folding ring structure 110.
  • At least one edge portion of the diaphragm member 11 is a folded ring structure.
  • Which edge portions of the diaphragm component are designed as a folded ring structure can be specifically determined according to actual use requirements, and the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit it.
  • the diaphragm component is a quadrangular diaphragm
  • the four edge portions of the diaphragm component may all have a folded ring structure.
  • the folded ring structure may be a corrugated folded ring structure.
  • the above-mentioned folded ring structure is similar to a spring structure, which can make the diaphragm component have better elasticity when vibrating, and can increase the vibration area and vibration amplitude of the diaphragm component. Since the larger the vibration area, the greater the sound loudness, and the greater the vibration amplitude, the greater the sound loudness and the better the low-frequency effect of the sound, so the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the sound loudness and the low-frequency effect of the sound, and increase the power of the speaker. Sound conversion effect. In this way, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • the diaphragm component may be made of a rigid material.
  • Rigid materials refer to materials that have good resistance to deformation under static load, such as metal materials and plastic materials.
  • a diaphragm component made of a metal material may be referred to as a metal diaphragm
  • a diaphragm component made of a plastic material may be referred to as a plastic diaphragm.
  • the material of the diaphragm component can be determined according to actual usage requirements, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • certain adjustments can be made in the material selection of the diaphragm component (for example, the selection of rigid materials) and the shape of the folded ring to improve the entire vibration system (ie, the vibration The rigidity of the system composed of membrane components and piezoelectric components, thereby improving the sound performance of the speaker.
  • the above-mentioned piezoelectric component may be a device made of piezoelectric material that can generate a piezoelectric effect.
  • the piezoelectric component may be a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, or any other piezoelectric component that meets actual use requirements, and may be specifically determined according to actual use requirements, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the piezoelectric component can be pasted on the diaphragm component by gluing, or can be pasted on the diaphragm component by any other method that meets actual use requirements, and can be specifically used according to actual use.
  • the requirements are determined, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited.
  • the piezoelectric component 12 may be disposed in a target area (for example, a central area) on the first surface 11a of the diaphragm component 11, and the target area is the diaphragm component 11.
  • a target area for example, a central area
  • the area on the first surface 11a except for the edge part for example, the part where the folded ring structure 110 is located.
  • the cavity 10 may include a first bracket 101 (also called a posterior cavity bracket) and a second bracket 102 (also called a front cavity) connected to the first bracket 101.
  • Cavity bracket The first inner surface 10a of the cavity 10 is the inner surface of the first bracket 101, and the first inner surface 10a of the cavity 10 and the second surface 11b of the diaphragm member 11 form a rear air cavity; the cavity The second inner surface 10 b of 10 is the inner surface of the second bracket 102, and the front air cavity is formed between the second inner surface 10 b of the cavity 10 and the first surface 11 a of the diaphragm component 11.
  • the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is substantially less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic sheet will vibrate after receiving the alternating electrical signal, which will drive the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet
  • the diaphragm components vibrate together, and the vibration amplitude of the vibration system in the front and rear air chambers can be greater than or equal to 1mm, which makes the amplitude of the vibration system in the speaker in the embodiment of the present disclosure greater than the amplitude of the vibration system in the related speaker (for example, about 0.45mm) )
  • the loudspeaker provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can increase the loudness of the
  • the unconnected part of the first bracket 101 and the second bracket 102 forms an opening 13, and the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm component 11 and the piezoelectric component 12 passes through the opening 13 Outgoing.
  • the cavity 10 may further include a support structure 14 located at the opening 13 and connected to the first bracket 101, and the diaphragm component 11 is connected to the first support 101.
  • the bracket 101 is connected to the supporting structure 14.
  • the support structure can be used to support the diaphragm component, which is beneficial to the packaging process in actual implementation.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an exploded hardware of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the speaker 1 includes a first bracket 101, a diaphragm component 11, a piezoelectric component 12 and a second bracket 102.
  • the first bracket 101 is a groove with one open side
  • the second bracket 102 is a groove with two sides open, so that the unconnected part of the first bracket 101 and the second bracket 102 forms the above-mentioned opening, the diaphragm component 11 and the piezoelectric component 12 The sound generated by the vibration is transmitted through the opening.
  • the piezoelectric component may be connected to a power source (for example, a power source that provides alternating current) through a wire.
  • a power source for example, a power source that provides alternating current
  • the piezoelectric component will continuously bend up and down (for example, in the direction of the dashed arrow shown in Figure 2) as the voltage changes, thus driving the diaphragm component Vibration sounds.
  • the above-mentioned lead wire is used as the power supply line of the piezoelectric component, and may be spaced apart from the diaphragm component.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may adopt floating lead processing, which is similar to the current speaker voice coil lead processing method.
  • the above-mentioned lead may be integrally formed with the diaphragm member. The specific embodiments of the above-mentioned leads are not described in detail herein.
  • This wiring structure can increase the vibration amplitude of the vibration system, thereby improving the sound quality of the speaker.
  • the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a non-closed cavity, a diaphragm component arranged in the cavity, and a piezoelectric component arranged on the first surface of the diaphragm component.
  • the first surface of the diaphragm component The two surfaces are spaced from the first inner surface of the cavity, and the first surface of the piezoelectric component is spaced from the second inner surface of the cavity.
  • the first surface and the second surface of the diaphragm component are two opposite surfaces on the diaphragm component
  • the first surface and the second surface of the piezoelectric component are two opposite surfaces on the piezoelectric component.
  • the two surfaces are in contact with the first surface of the diaphragm component.
  • the speaker is provided with a diaphragm component suspended in the cavity, and the diaphragm component carries a piezoelectric component. Therefore, the vibration of the piezoelectric component will drive the diaphragm component to vibrate together in the cavity and push the air to produce sound. Since this suspension structure can increase the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm component, it can increase the loudness of the sound generated by the vibration, improve the low-frequency effect of the sound, and enhance the electro-acoustic conversion effect of the speaker. In this way, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • the speaker provided by the embodiment of the invention may be applied to a terminal device, and may also be applied to other electronic devices that need to use the speaker, and may be specifically determined according to actual use requirements, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the following uses a speaker applied to a terminal device as an example to illustrate the speaker provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a terminal device 2, and the terminal device 2 includes a speaker 1.
  • the loudspeaker has the same structural features as the loudspeaker in the above-mentioned embodiment, and to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
  • the shape of the speaker may be determined according to the space where the speaker is arranged inside the terminal device.
  • the space for setting the speaker inside the terminal device can be designed according to the structural shape of the terminal device, and the shape of the speaker can be determined according to the space for setting the speaker, that is, The shape of the piezoelectric component and/or the structure of the diaphragm component can be determined.
  • the shape of the sound unit inside the loudspeaker that is, the above-mentioned vibration system
  • can be irregular as it is not limited to the rectangular or circular traditional loudspeaker).
  • FIG. 5 are structural schematic diagrams of the speaker in the related terminal device and the speaker in the terminal device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • the shape of the speaker 31 provided in the terminal device 3 in the related art is rectangular; as shown in FIG. 5(b), the speaker provided in the terminal device 4 in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the shape of 41 is a shape determined according to the space where the speaker is installed inside the terminal device 4.
  • the sound generating unit of the speaker can be designed in a special shape, and the space inside the terminal device can be fully utilized, so that the vibration area can be increased and the loudness can be improved.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • the piezoelectric speakers provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can increase the vibration area and vibration amplitude of the diaphragm component, thereby increasing the sound loudness and improving the low-frequency effect of the sound. In this way, the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the overall sound quality of the sound emitted by the speaker.
  • the piezoelectric speaker provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure does not have a magnetic circuit system, which can save a large physical space and is used for a stacking design of the whole machine.
  • the vibration system of the speaker provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure removes the voice coil wire and only retains the diaphragm components, so the shape design can become more flexible, and it is not limited to square or circular.
  • the shape of the diaphragm component can be customized according to the stacked space inside the terminal device.
  • the piezoelectric speaker provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be made thinner, which is beneficial to the design of the shape of the terminal device.
  • the radio frequency interference is reduced.
  • the sound unit is designed in a special shape to make full use of the relevant space inside the terminal device, which can increase the vibration area and increase the loudness.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a mobile terminal or a non-mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a handheld computer, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a wearable device, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook or a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant
  • the non-mobile terminal may be a personal computer (PC), a television (television, TV), a teller machine or a self-service machine, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

Abstract

本公开实施例公开了一种扬声器及终端设备，该扬声器包括非封闭式的腔体、设置于该腔体内的振膜部件，以及设置于该振膜部件的第一表面上的压电部件，该振膜部件的第二表面与腔体的第一内表面间隔设置，该压电部件的第一表面与腔体的第二内表面间隔设置；其中，振膜部件的第一表面和第二表面为振膜部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第一表面和第二表面为压电部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第二表面与振膜部件的第一表面接触。该扬声器可以应用于终端设备中。

Description

扬声器及终端设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2019年07月18日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为201910651337.1、申请名称为“一种扬声器及终端设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种扬声器及终端设备。
背景技术
扬声器作为一种电声换能器，通常包括压电式扬声器、电磁式扬声器、电容式扬声器、电动式扬声器等。
目前，压电式扬声器的工作原理通常是：将压电陶瓷片贴在终端设备的中框或屏幕上，压电陶瓷片振动时带动中框或屏幕振动，以发出声音。
然而，由于上述压电式扬声器是通过压电陶瓷片振动带动中框或屏幕振动发声的，因此扬声器的电声转换效果不高，导致扬声器输出的音质较差。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种扬声器及终端设备，以解决相关终端设备中扬声器的电声转换效果不高，导致扬声器输出的音质较差的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种扬声器，该扬声器包括非封闭式的腔体、设置于该腔体内的振膜部件，以及设置于该振膜部件的第一表面上的压电部件，该振膜部件的第二表面与腔体的第一内表面间隔设置，该压电部件的第一表面与腔体的第二内表面间隔设置。其中，振膜部件的第一表面和第二表面为振膜部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第一表面和第二表面为压电部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第二表面与振膜部件的第一表面接触。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供了一种终端设备，该终端设备包括上述第一方面中的扬声器。
在本公开实施例中，扬声器包括非封闭式的腔体、设置于该腔体内的振膜部件，以及设置于该振膜部件的第一表面上的压电部件，该振膜部件的第二表面与腔体的第一内表面间隔设置，该压电部件的第一表面与腔体的第二内表面间隔设置。其中，振膜部件的第一表面和第二表面为振膜部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第一表面和第二表面为压电部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第二表面与振膜部件的第一表面接触。通过该方案，扬声器中设置有悬挂于腔体内的振膜部件，并且振膜部件上承载有压电部件，因此压电部件振动会带动振膜部件在腔体内一起振动，推动空气发声，由于这种悬挂结构可以增大振膜部件的振动幅度，因此可以提升振动发出的声音的响度并改善声音的低频效果，提升扬声器的电声转换效果。如此，本公开实施例可以提 升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例提供的扬声器的硬件结构示意图之一；
图2为本公开实施例提供的扬声器的硬件结构示意图之二；
图3为本公开实施例提供的扬声器的硬件爆炸示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的终端设备的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的终端设备中扬声器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本文中术语“和/或”，是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。本文中符号“/”表示关联对象是或者的关系，例如A/B表示A或者B。
本文中的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同的对象，而不是用于描述对象的特定顺序。例如，第一表面和第二表面等是用于区别不同的表面，而不是用于描述表面的特定顺序。
在本公开实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本公开实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个或者两个以上，例如，多个处理单元是指两个或者两个以上的处理单元等；多个元件是指两个或者两个以上的元件等。
下面首先对本申请的权利要求书和说明书中涉及的一些名词或者术语进行解释说明。
压电式扬声器：压电式扬声器为利用压电材料的逆压电效应而工作的扬声器。
逆压电效应：指置于电场中的电介质会发生弹性形变(也称为电致伸缩)的效应。
本公开实施例提供一种扬声器及终端设备，扬声器包括非封闭式的腔体、设置于该腔体内的振膜部件，以及设置于该振膜部件的第一表面上的压电部件，该振膜部件的第二表面与腔体的第一内表面间隔设置，该压电部件的第一表面与腔体的第二内表面间隔设置。其中，振膜部件的第一表面和第二表面为振膜部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第一表面和第二表面为压电部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第二表面与振膜部件的第一表面接触。通过该方案，扬声器中设置有悬挂于腔体内的振膜部件，并且振膜部件上承载有压电部件，因此压电部件振动会带动振膜部件在腔体内一起振动，推动空气发声，由于这种悬挂结构可以增大振膜部件的振动幅度，因此可以提升振动发出的声音的响度并改善声音的低频效果，提升扬声器的电声转换效果。如此，本公开实施例可以提升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
下面结合各个附图对本公开实施例提供的扬声器进行示例性的说明。
如图1所示，本公开实施例提供一种扬声器1，该扬声器1可以包括非封闭式的腔体10、设置于该腔体10内的振膜部件11，以及设置于该振膜部件11的第一表面11a上的压电部件12，该振膜部件11的第二表面11b与腔体10的第一内表面10a间隔设置，该压电部件12的第一表面12a与腔体10的第二内表面10b间隔设置。
其中，振膜部件11的第一表面11a和第二表面11b为振膜部件11上相反的两个表面；腔体10的第一内表面10a和腔体10的第二内表面10b为腔体10内相对的两个内表面；压电部件12的第一表面12a和第二表面12b为压电部件12上相反的两个表面，压电部件12的第二表面12b与振膜部件11的第一表面11a接触。
本公开实施例中，振膜部件设置于腔体内的实现方式可以为：振膜部件的至少一个边固定于腔体的内侧壁上。示例性的，若振膜部件为四边形膜片，则振膜部件的四个边可以均固定于腔体的内侧壁上，使得振膜部件可以悬挂在腔体内。此时，这种结构可称为振膜部件的悬挂结构。
如图1所示，振膜部件固定于腔体的侧壁上，且振膜部件承载压电部件，如此振膜部件和压电部件共同悬挂在腔体内，分别与腔体的内壁形成空气腔。压电部件可以作为振动源，若压电部件振动，则可以驱动振膜部件振动(例如沿虚线箭头方向上下振动)，即压电部件振动会带动振膜部件一起振动，推动空气发声。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，振膜部件11可以具有折环结构110，振膜部件11可以通过该折环结构110与腔体10连接。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，振膜部件11的至少一个边缘部分为折环结构。对于振膜部件的哪些边缘部分被设计为折环结构，具体可以根据实际使用需求确定，本公开实施例不作限定。示例性的，若振膜部件为四边形膜片，则振膜部件的四个边缘部分可以均为折环结构。其中，该折环结构可以为波纹形折环结构。
本公开实施例中，上述折环结构类似于弹簧结构，可以使得振膜部件在振动时具有较好的弹性，并且可以增大振膜部件的振动面积和振动幅度。由于振动面积越大，声音响度越大，以及振动幅度越大，声音响度越大且声音的低频效果越好，因此本公开实施例可以提升声音响度并且可以改善声音的低频效果，提升扬声器的电声转换效果。如此，本公开实施例可以提升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
可选地，本公开实施例中，振膜部件可以由刚性材料制成。刚性材料指在静力负荷作用下，有良好的抵抗变形的能力的材料，例如金属材料、塑胶材料等。示例性的，由金属材料制成的振膜部件可以称为金属振膜，由塑胶材料制成的振膜部件可以称为塑胶振膜。具体的，振膜部件的材料可以根据实际使用需求确定，本公开实施例不作限定。
本公开实施例中，为了保证振膜部件对压电部件的承载能力，可以在振膜部件的材料选择(例如选用刚性材料)和折环形状上做一定调整，以提升整个振动系统(即振膜部件和压电部件构成的系统)的刚性，进而提升扬声器的发声性能。
可选地，本公开实施例中，上述压电部件可以为由压电材料制成的可产生压电效应的器件。例如，压电部件可以为压电陶瓷片，也可以为其它任意满足实际使用需求的压电部件，具体可以根据实际使用需求确定，本公开实施例不作限定。
可选地，本公开实施例中，压电部件可以通过胶粘方式贴设于振膜部件上，也可以通过其它任意满足实际使用需求的方式贴设于振膜部件上，具体可以根据实际使用需求确定，本公开实施例不作限定。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，压电部件12可以设置于振膜部件11的第一表面11a上的目标区域(例如中央区域)，该目标区域为振膜部件11的第一表面11a上除边缘部分(例如折环结构110所在部分)之外的区域。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，腔体10可以包括第一支架101(也称为后腔支架)和与第一支架101连接的第二支架102(也称为前腔支架)。上述腔体10的第一内表面10a为该第一支架101的内表面，该腔体10的第一内表面10a与振膜部件11的第二表面11b之间构成后空气腔；上述腔体10的第二内表面10b为该第二支架102的内表面，该腔体10的第二内表面10b与振膜部件11的第一表面11a之间构成前空气腔。
本公开实施例中，以压电部件为压电陶瓷片为例，压电陶瓷片的厚度基本小于或等于0.5毫米。假设扬声器箱体(即扬声器box)的整体厚度为3.5毫米(与相关扬声器箱体的整体厚度相当)，那么压电陶瓷片在接收到交变电信号之后产生振动，压电陶瓷片振动会带动振膜部件一起振动，振动系统在前后空气腔中振动的振幅可以大于或等于1mm，这使得本公开实施例中扬声器中振动系统的振幅大于相关扬声器中振动系统的振幅(例如大约为0.45mm左右)，根据声学环能原理，振幅越大，声音响度越大，因此本公开实施例提供的扬声器可以提升声音的响度，改善扬声器的音质效果。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，第一支架101和第二支架102未连接的部分形成开口13，振膜部件11和压电部件12振动产生的声音通过该开口13传出。
可选地，本公开实施例中，如图2所示，腔体10还可以包括位于上述开口13处、且与上述第一支架101连接的支撑结构件14，振膜部件11与上述第一支架101和该支撑结构件14连接。实际实现时，该支撑结构件可以用于支撑振膜部件，在实际实现时有利于封装工艺。
图3示出了本公开实施例提供的扬声器的硬件爆炸示意图。如图3所示，该扬声器1中包括第一支架101、振膜部件11、压电部件12和第二支架102。其中，第一支架101为一面开放的凹槽，第二支架102为两面开放的凹槽，如此第一支架101和第二支架102未连接的部分形成上述开口，振膜部件11和压电部件12振动产生的声音通过该开口传出。
本公开实施例中，压电部件可以通过引线与电源(例如提供交变电的电源)连接。在电源向压电部件施加交替变化的电压的情况下，压电部件会随着电压的变化而不停地上下弯曲(例如沿图2中所示的虚线箭头方向弯曲)，如此驱动振膜部件振动发声。
可选地，本公开实施例中，上述引线作为压电部件的供电线路，可以与振膜部件间隔设置。本公开实施例可以采用悬空引线处理，类同与目前扬声器的音圈引线处理方式。或者，上述引线可以与振膜部件一体成型。上述引线具体的实施方案本文中不作详细描述。这种布线结构可以提升振动系统振动的幅度，进而改善扬声器的音质效果。
本公开实施例提供的扬声器，扬声器包括非封闭式的腔体、设置于该腔体内的振膜部 件，以及设置于该振膜部件的第一表面上的压电部件，该振膜部件的第二表面与腔体的第一内表面间隔设置，该压电部件的第一表面与腔体的第二内表面间隔设置。其中，振膜部件的第一表面和第二表面为振膜部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第一表面和第二表面压电部件上相反的两个表面，压电部件的第二表面与振膜部件的第一表面接触。通过该方案，扬声器中设置有悬挂于腔体内的振膜部件，并且振膜部件上承载有压电部件，因此压电部件振动会带动振膜部件在腔体内一起振动，推动空气发声。由于这种悬挂结构可以增大振膜部件的振动幅度，因此可以提升振动发出的声音的响度并改善声音的低频效果，提升扬声器的电声转换效果。如此，本公开实施例可以提升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
发明实施例提供的扬声器可以应用于终端设备，也可以应用于需要使用该扬声器的其它电子设备，具体可以根据实际使用需求确定，本公开实施例不作限定。下面以扬声器应用于终端设备为例，对本公开实施例提供的扬声器进行示例性的说明。
如图4所示，本公开实施例提供一种终端设备2，该终端设备2包括扬声器1。该扬声器具有与上述实施例中扬声器相同的结构特征，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
可选地，本公开实施例中，扬声器的形状可以根据终端设备内部设置扬声器的空间确定。具体的，在整机设计中，因为压电式扬声器本身的特点，可以根据终端设备的结构形状，设计终端设备内部设置扬声器的空间，并根据用于设置扬声器的空间，确定扬声器的形状，即可以确定压电部件的形状和/或振膜部件的结构。基于此，在整机设计中，扬声器内部的发声单元(即上述振动系统)的形状可以是异形(因此不限于传统扬声器的矩形或圆形)。
图5中的(a)和(b)分别为相关终端设备中扬声器和本公开实施例提供的终端设备中扬声器的结构示意图。如图5中的(a)所示，相关技术中终端设备3中设置的扬声器31的形状为矩形；如图5中的(b)所示，本公开实施例中终端设备4中设置的扬声器41的形状为根据终端设备4内部设置扬声器的空间确定的形状。
通过该方案，本公开实施中可以将扬声器的发声单元设计成异形，更加充分利用终端设备内部的空间，如此可以增大振动面积，提升响度。如此，本公开实施例可以提升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
一方面，与相关的压电式扬声器相比较，本公开实施例提供的压电式扬声器可以增大振膜部件的振动面积和振动幅度，因此可以提升声音响度并且可以改善声音的低频效果。如此，本公开实施例可以提升扬声器发出的声音的整体音质效果。
另一方面，与相关的动圈式扬声器相比较，本公开实施例提供的压电式扬声器没有磁路系统，能够节省较大的物理空间，用于整机堆叠设计。另外因为大大减少了金属零件的使用，所以对于射频的干扰会进一步降低。此外，与相关的扬声器相比，本公开实施例提供的扬声器的振动系统去掉了音圈线，只保留振膜部件，所以在形状设计上可以变得更加灵活，并不限于方形或圆形，振膜部件的形状可以根据终端设备内部堆叠的空间来定制。
综合来说，与相关扬声器相比较，本公开实施例提供的压电式扬声器可以做的更薄，有利于终端设备外形的设计。由于减少了金属零部件的使用，降低了对于射频的干扰。发声单元设计成异形，更加充分利用终端设备内部相关的空间，如此可以增大 振动面积，提升响度。
本公开实施例中的终端设备可以为移动终端，也可以为非移动终端。示例性的，移动终端可以为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、车载终端、可穿戴设备、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、上网本或者个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)等，非移动终端可以为个人计算机(personal computer，PC)、电视机(television，TV)、柜员机或者自助机等，本公开实施例不作具体限定。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扬声器(1)，所述扬声器(1)包括非封闭式的腔体(10)、设置于所述腔体(10)内的振膜部件(11)，以及设置于所述振膜部件(11)的第一表面(11a)上的压电部件(12)，所述振膜部件(11)的第二表面(11b)与所述腔体(10)的第一内表面(10a)间隔设置，所述压电部件(12)的第一表面(12a)与所述腔体(10)的第二内表面(10b)间隔设置；
    其中，所述振膜部件(11)的第一表面(11a)和第二表面(11b)为所述振膜部件(11)上相反的两个表面，所述压电部件(12)的第一表面(12a)和第二表面(12b)为所述压电部件(12)上相反的两个表面，所述压电部件(12)的第二表面(12b)与所述振膜部件(11)的第一表面(11a)接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜部件(11)具有折环结构，所述振膜部件(11)通过所述折环结构与所述腔体(10)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜部件(11)的边缘部分为所述折环结构，所述折环结构为波纹形折环结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜部件(11)由刚性材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述压电部件(12)设置于所述振膜部件(11)的第一表面(11a)上的目标区域，所述目标区域为所述振膜部件(11)的第一表面(11a)上除边缘部分之外的区域。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述腔体(10)包括第一支架和与所述第一支架连接的第二支架，所述腔体(10)的第一内表面(10a)为所述第一支架的内表面，所述腔体(10)的第二内表面(10b)为所述第二支架的内表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一支架和所述第二支架未连接的部分形成开口，所述振膜部件(11)和所述压电部件(12)振动产生的声音通过所述开口传出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器，其中，所述腔体(10)还包括位于所述开口处、且与所述第一支架连接的支撑结构，所述振膜部件(11)与所述第一支架和所述支撑结构连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述压电部件(12)通过引线与电源连接，所述引线与所述振膜部件(11)间隔设置；或者，所述引线与所述振膜部件(11)一体成型。
  10. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的扬声器。
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