WO2021008204A1 - 一种电机斜极转子 - Google Patents

一种电机斜极转子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008204A1
WO2021008204A1 PCT/CN2020/089189 CN2020089189W WO2021008204A1 WO 2021008204 A1 WO2021008204 A1 WO 2021008204A1 CN 2020089189 W CN2020089189 W CN 2020089189W WO 2021008204 A1 WO2021008204 A1 WO 2021008204A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron core
shaft
keyway
key groove
rotor
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PCT/CN2020/089189
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余平
凌新亮
靳海涛
王永炜
张亮亮
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精进电动科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021008204A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008204A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric motors, in particular to an oblique pole rotor of a motor.
  • NVH is the abbreviation of Noise, Vibration and Harshness (Noise, Vibration, Harshness). NVH gives car users the most direct and superficial feeling.
  • the NVH problem of vehicles is one of the concerns of major vehicle manufacturers and parts companies in the international automotive industry. Statistics show that about 1/3 of the failures of the entire vehicle are related to the NVH of the vehicle.
  • the main excitation sources that affect the noise level in the car are engines, motors, reducers, tires and other components.
  • the main source of excitation comes from the motor.
  • motors used in automobiles so the noise and vibration research of motors becomes more and more important.
  • the present invention proposes a slanted pole rotor for a motor, and the slanted pole design of the iron core in the rotor can effectively reduce the NVH of the motor.
  • the present invention provides an oblique pole rotor of a motor, comprising a shaft, an iron core is arranged on the shaft, and the iron core includes N iron core segments, N ⁇ 2, and predetermined magnetic poles are arranged between adjacent iron core segments.
  • the included angle ⁇ , the shaft is provided with at least one keyway extending in the axial direction to install the iron core section; the keyway includes a reference keyway, one end of the shaft is provided with a resolver mounting groove, the reference keyway and The radial center lines of the resolver installation slots are in the same direction.
  • the iron core segment is composed of a stack of several rotor punching pieces, and the rotor punching pieces in different iron core segments have the same structure.
  • a shaft hole is provided in the center of the rotor punching piece, and a convex key is provided on the inner circumference of the shaft hole.
  • four key grooves extending in the axial direction are provided on the shaft, which are respectively a first key groove, a second key groove, a third key groove, and a fourth key groove.
  • the first key groove is a reference key groove
  • the third key groove The included angle between the radial centerline of the reference keyway and the radial centerline of the reference keyway is 180°, and the radial centerline of the second keyway and the fourth keyway are sandwiched between the radial centerline of the reference keyway The angle is 90°- ⁇ ;
  • the second keyway and the fourth keyway are distributed in mirror symmetry with a radial center line of the first keyway.
  • two key grooves extending in the axial direction are provided on the shaft, namely a first key groove and a second key groove, the first key groove is a reference key groove, and the radial center line of the second key groove is connected to the The included angle between the radial centerlines of the reference keyway is 90°- ⁇ ;
  • a key groove extending in the axial direction is provided on the shaft, and the key groove is a reference key groove;
  • the angle between the radial centerline of the convex key and the magnetic pole direction of the iron core segment is ⁇ /2, and the iron core segments on the left and right sides are relatively flipped and arranged on the shaft Above, the angle between the magnetic pole directions of the left and right core segments is ⁇ .
  • the magnetic pole directions of the two iron core sections located in the middle of the shaft are the same, and the magnetic pole directions of the left and right iron core sections on the shaft are symmetrically distributed to form a V-shaped inclined pole.
  • balanced end plates are provided on both sides of the iron core section, flange plates are provided near the first end of the shaft to limit the balance end plates, and the second end of the shaft is provided near the A lock nut or interference ring is used to fasten the balance end plate.
  • a spline is provided at the first end of the shaft, and the flange plate is arranged close to the spline;
  • the resolver installation groove is arranged at the second end of the shaft.
  • a plurality of magnetic poles are evenly distributed near the outer circumference of the rotor punching piece, and each of the magnetic poles includes a plurality of magnetic steel grooves and a magnetic steel embedded in the magnetic steel grooves.
  • the rotor punching piece is provided with a plurality of weight reduction holes between the magnetic steel groove and the shaft hole, and a riveting hole is provided between the weight reduction holes, and the plurality of pieces are combined through the riveting hole.
  • the punching piece body constitutes the iron core section.
  • the invention can effectively reduce cogging torque and torque fluctuation through the inclined pole design of the iron core in the rotor, thereby reducing motor vibration, reducing motor starting power consumption, effectively reducing motor NVH, and improving the ride comfort of the entire vehicle .
  • the invention only needs to develop one type of punching die to match the key groove on the shaft to complete different oblique poles, reduce the cost of mold opening, simplify the assembly process, and facilitate assembly.
  • the iron core section by setting the reference key groove on the shaft, it is convenient for the iron core section to be installed at a predetermined angle, and the assembly accuracy is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of the iron core section in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the central axis of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of the iron core section in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a front view of the central axis of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view along B-B in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a front view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a front view of the central axis of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along C-C in Figure 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the central axis of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 shows Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • an oblique pole rotor of a motor is provided, which includes a shaft 1.
  • An iron core is provided on the shaft 1.
  • the core includes N iron core segments, N ⁇ 2, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.
  • the shaft 1 is provided with at least one keyway mounting iron core section extending in the axial direction; the keyway includes a reference keyway, one end of the shaft 1 is provided with a resolver mounting slot 1-7, the reference keyway and the resolver mounting slot 1-7
  • the radial centerline is in the same direction.
  • the resolver installation grooves 1-7 are set at the leftmost end of the shaft 1, and are used to mark the reference keyways to facilitate identification of the reference keyways.
  • the iron core includes two iron core segments, a first iron core segment 3 and a second iron core segment 4, respectively.
  • the magnetic poles of the adjacent first iron core segment 3 and the second iron core segment 4 are arranged The predetermined included angle ⁇ .
  • the two iron core sections are of equal thickness, and the number of rotor punching pieces included is equal.
  • a shaft hole 3-2 is provided in the center of the rotor punching piece, and a convex key 3-3 is provided on the inner circumference of the shaft hole 3-2.
  • the shaft 1 is provided with a key groove extending in the axial direction, that is, a first key groove 1-1, which is a reference key groove.
  • the angle between the radial centerline of the convex key 3-3 (distributed along the radial direction of the rotor punching piece) and the magnetic pole direction of the core segment is ⁇ /2, and the left and right cores
  • the segments are set on the shaft after relative inversion, and the angle between the magnetic pole directions of the left and right iron core segments is ⁇ .
  • the magnetic poles of the first iron core section 3 and the second iron core section 4 A predetermined angle ⁇ can be formed between.
  • each magnetic pole includes a number of magnetic steel grooves and magnetic steel embedded in the magnetic steel grooves.
  • each magnetic pole can be composed of one, two or more magnetic steel channels and a combination of magnetic steel embedded in the magnetic steel channels, and the specific shape of the magnetic steel channels may not be limited.
  • the shape can be in-line, V, double V, triangle, polygon, etc.
  • each magnetic pole is composed of three magnetic steel channels, and each magnetic steel channel is embedded with a magnetic steel.
  • the first magnetic steel channel and the second magnetic steel channel are arranged symmetrically, and the width direction of the two is the same as that of the punch body. It is inclined in the radial direction and has an outward V shape.
  • the third magnetic steel groove is located between the first magnetic steel groove and the second magnetic steel groove.
  • the width direction is perpendicular to the radial direction of the punch body.
  • the three magnetic steel grooves are ⁇ Shape or ⁇ array.
  • each magnetic pole can only be provided with two magnetic steel channels, namely: the first magnetic steel channel and the second magnetic steel channel, each magnetic steel channel is embedded with a magnetic steel, the first magnetic steel channel and the second magnetic steel channel
  • the grooves are arranged symmetrically, in a V shape with an opening outward.
  • a number of weight-reducing holes 3-5 are arranged between the magnetic steel groove and the shaft hole 3-2 on the rotor punching piece, and riveting holes 3-6 are arranged between the weight-reducing holes 3-5, and several pieces are combined through the riveting holes 3-6
  • the punch body constitutes the core section.
  • balance end plates 2 and 5 are provided on both sides of the iron core section.
  • a flange plate is provided on one end of the shaft 1 to limit the balance end plate 2, and the other end is provided with a lock nut 6 to the balance end.
  • the plate 5 is fastened, and an interference ring can also be used to fasten the balance end plate 5.
  • the iron core section can be combined on the shaft 1 through the flange plates 1-5, the balance end plates 2, 5 and the lock nut 6, and the combined structure is simple and reliable.
  • a spline 1-6 is provided on one end of the shaft 1, and a flange plate 1-5 is provided on the side close to the spline 1-6.
  • Spline 1-6 is used to connect external reducer and other devices to transmit torque outward.
  • Bearings can be provided on the right optical shaft section of the flange plate 1-5 and the optical shaft section at the left end of the shaft 1 to support the shaft 1 on the motor housing.
  • Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10 shows the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second embodiment is an improvement made on the basis of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is: axis 1
  • the first key groove 1-1 is the reference key groove
  • the radial center line of the first key groove 1-1 is The magnetic pole directions of the iron core segments coincide, and the included angle between the radial centerline of the second keyway 1-2 and the radial centerline of the reference keyway is 90°- ⁇ .
  • the iron core includes four iron core segments, namely the third iron core segment 7, the fourth iron core segment 8, the fifth iron core segment 9, and the sixth iron core segment 10.
  • the adjacent third iron core A predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the section 7 and the fourth iron core section 8, and a predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent fifth iron core section 9 and the sixth iron core section 10.
  • the predetermined included angle ⁇ 3.75°.
  • the four iron core sections are of equal thickness, and the number of rotor punching pieces included is equal.
  • the magnetic pole directions of the two iron core sections in the middle of the shaft 1 are the same, that is, the magnetic pole directions of the fourth iron core section 8 and the fifth iron core section 9 are the same, and the magnetic pole directions of the left and right iron core sections on the shaft 1 are symmetrically distributed , Forming a V-shaped oblique pole.
  • the radial centerline of the convex key 3-3 coincides with the magnetic pole direction of the iron core segment.
  • the installation sequence of the above iron core segments is: 9 o'clock direction, 12 o'clock direction, 12 o'clock direction, and 9 o'clock direction.
  • the magnetic pole directions of the third iron core segment 7, the fourth iron core segment 8, the fifth iron core segment 9, and the sixth iron core segment 10 may all have an included angle ⁇ , for example, a W shape , Or a slanted one-line shape.
  • Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15 shows the embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • the embodiment 3 is an improvement made on the basis of the embodiment 2, and the difference from the embodiment 3 is:
  • Four key grooves extending in the axial direction are provided on 1, respectively, the first key groove 1-1, the second key groove 1-2, the third key groove 1-3, and the fourth key groove 1-4.
  • the first key groove 1-1 is the reference Keyway
  • the included angle between the radial centerline of the third keyway 1-3 and the radial centerline of the reference keyway is 180°
  • the radial centerline of the second keyway 1-2, the fourth keyway 1-4 and the reference keyway The angle between the radial centerlines is 90°- ⁇ .
  • the second keyway 1-2 and the fourth keyway 1-4 are mirrored and symmetrically distributed on the radial center line of the first keyway 1-1.
  • the first keyway 1-1 is located at 9 o'clock in Figure 14, the second keyway 1-2 is located near the 12 o'clock direction, the third keyway 1-3 is located at 3 o'clock, and the fourth keyway 1-4 is located at 6 o'clock. Near the clock direction.
  • the iron core includes six iron core segments, namely the seventh iron core segment 11, the eighth iron core segment 12, the ninth iron core segment 13, the tenth iron core segment 14, and the eleventh iron core segment 15. , The twelfth core section 16.
  • a predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent seventh iron core section 11 and the eighth iron core section 12, and a predetermined angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent eighth iron core section 12 and the ninth iron core section 13.
  • the included angle ⁇ , a predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent tenth iron core section 14 and the eleventh iron core section 15, and the adjacent eleventh iron core section 15 and the twelfth iron core section 16
  • the six iron core segments are of equal thickness, and the number of rotor punching pieces included is equal.
  • the magnetic pole directions of the two iron core sections in the middle on axis 1 are the same, that is, the magnetic pole directions of the ninth iron core section 13 and the tenth iron core section 14 are the same, and the magnetic pole directions of the left and right iron core sections on the axis 1 are symmetrically distributed , Forming a V-shaped oblique pole.
  • the radial centerline of the convex key 3-3 coincides with the magnetic pole direction of the iron core segment.
  • the installation sequence of the above-mentioned iron core segments is: 6 o'clock direction, 9 o'clock direction, 12 o'clock direction, 12 o'clock direction, 9 o'clock direction, and 6 o'clock direction.
  • the magnetic pole directions of the six iron core segments may all have an included angle ⁇ , for example, to form a W-shape or an inclined straight-line shape.
  • the other structure of the oblique pole rotor of the motor in the third embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • FIGS 16 and 17 show Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the iron core includes an odd number of iron core segments.
  • the iron core includes three iron core segments, namely the third iron core segment 7, the thirteenth iron core segment 17, the sixth iron core segment 10, and the adjacent third iron core segments 7 and ten
  • the three iron core segments are assembled on the shaft 1 to form a V-shaped oblique pole.
  • the above-mentioned three iron core sections are of unequal thickness, the third iron core section 7 and the sixth iron core section 10 are equal in thickness, and the number of rotor punching pieces included is equal.
  • the thickness of the thirteenth iron core section 17 is the third iron core section 7 Twice as much.
  • the above-mentioned three core sections can also be designed to be of equal thickness.
  • the iron core includes five iron core sections, namely the seventh iron core section 11, the eighth iron core section 12, the fourteenth iron core section 18, the eleventh iron core section 15, and the twelfth iron core section. ⁇ 16 ⁇ Core section 16.
  • a predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent seventh iron core section 11 and the eighth iron core section 12, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent eighth iron core section 12 and the fourteenth iron core section 18 are set between the magnetic poles.
  • a predetermined included angle ⁇ is set between the magnetic poles of the adjacent fourteenth iron core section 18 and the eleventh iron core section 15.
  • the five iron core segments are assembled on the shaft 1 to form a V-shaped inclined pole.
  • the above-mentioned five iron core sections are of unequal thickness.
  • the seventh iron core section 11, the eighth iron core section 12, the eleventh iron core section 15, and the twelfth iron core section 16 are equal in thickness, and the number of rotor punching pieces included is equal.
  • the thickness of the fourteenth core section 18 is twice that of the seventh core section 11.
  • the above-mentioned five core sections can also be designed to be of equal thickness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电机斜极转子，有效解决了现有技术中电机NVH较高的技术问题。该电机斜极转子包括轴，所述轴上设置有铁芯，所述铁芯包括N段铁芯段，N≥2，相邻的所述铁芯段的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，所述轴上设置有至少一条沿轴向延伸的键槽安装所述铁芯段；所述键槽包括基准键槽，所述轴的一端设置有旋变器安装槽，所述基准键槽与所述旋变器安装槽的径向中心线同向。本发明通过转子中的铁芯斜极设计可以有效减小齿槽转矩，降低转矩波动，从而减小电机震动，降低电机启动功耗，有效降低电机的NVH。

Description

一种电机斜极转子 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，具体涉及一种电机斜极转子。
发明背景
随着汽车制造业的发展，汽车NVH性能已经成为现代汽车制造质量的一个综合性技术指标。NVH是噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(Noise、Vibration、Harshness)的英文缩写。NVH给汽车用户的感受是最直接和最表面的。车辆的NVH问题是国际汽车业各大整车制造企业和零部件企业关注的问题之一。有统计资料显示，整车约有1/3的故障问题是和车辆的NVH问题有关系。
影响车内噪声大小的主要激励源有发动机、电机、减速机、轮胎等部件。对于电动汽车，主要激励源来自电机。汽车中使用的电机数量很多，因此电机的噪声振动研究变得越来越重要。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明提出了一种电机斜极转子，通过转子中的铁芯斜极设计可以有效降低电机的NVH。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供一种电机斜极转子，包括轴，所述轴上设置有铁芯，所述铁芯包括N段铁芯段，N≥2，相邻的所述铁芯段的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，所述轴上设置有至少一条沿轴向延伸的键槽安装所述铁芯段；所述键槽包括基准键槽，所述轴的一端设置有旋变器安装槽，所述基准键槽与所述旋变器安装槽的径向中心线同向。
可选地，所述铁芯段由若干片转子冲片堆叠组成，不同铁芯段内的所述转子冲片的结构相同。
可选地，所述转子冲片的中心部位设置有轴孔，所述轴孔的内圆周上设置有凸键。
可选地，所述轴上设置有四条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽、第二键槽、第三键槽、第四键槽，所述第一键槽为基准键槽，所述第三键槽的径向中心线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为180°，所述第二键槽、第四键槽的径向中心 线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ；
所述N＝6，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
可选地，所述第二键槽、第四键槽以所述第一键槽的径向中心线镜像对称分布。
可选地，所述轴上设置有两条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽和第二键槽，所述第一键槽为基准键槽，所述第二键槽的径向中心线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ；
所述N＝4，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
可选地，所述轴上设置有一条沿轴向延伸的键槽，所述键槽为基准键槽；
所述N＝2，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ/2，左侧和右侧的铁芯段相对翻转后设置在所述轴上，左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ。
可选地，所述轴上位于中间的两段所述铁芯段的磁极方向相同，所述轴上左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向对称分布，构成V字形斜极。
可选地，在所述铁芯段两侧设置有平衡端板，所述轴的第一端附近设置有凸缘板对所述平衡端板进行限位，所述轴的第二端附近设置有锁紧螺母或过盈环对所述平衡端板进行紧固。
可选地，所述轴的第一端设置有花键，所述凸缘板靠近所述花键设置；
所述旋变器安装槽设置在所述轴的第二端。
可选地，靠近所述转子冲片的外圆周边均布有若干个磁极，各所述磁极包括若干个磁钢槽以及内嵌在所述磁钢槽内的磁钢。
可选地，所述转子冲片上在所述磁钢槽与所述轴孔之间设置有若干减重孔，所述减重孔之间设置有铆接孔，通过所述铆接孔组合若干片所述冲片本体构成所述铁芯段。
采用上述结构设置的本发明具有以下优点：
本发明通过转子中的铁芯斜极设计可以有效减小齿槽转矩，降低转矩波动，从而减小电机震动，降低电机启动功耗，有效降低电机的NVH，提升整车的乘坐舒适度。
本发明只需要开发1种冲片模具即可配合轴上的键槽完成不同斜极，减少了开模成本，简化了装配工艺，方便组装。
本发明中通过在轴上设置基准键槽，方便铁芯段按照预定角度安装，提高了组装准确性。
附图简要说明
图1是本发明实施例1中电机斜极转子的主视图；
图2是本发明实施例1中电机斜极转子的立体图；
图3是本发明实施例1中铁芯段的左视图；
图4是本发明实施例1中轴的主视图；
图5是图4中沿A-A的剖视图；
图6是本发明实施例2中电机斜极转子的主视图；
图7是本发明实施例2中电机斜极转子的立体图；
图8是本发明实施例2中铁芯段的左视图；
图9是本发明实施例2中轴的主视图；
图10是图9中沿B-B的剖视图；
图11是本发明实施例3中电机斜极转子的主视图；
图12是本发明实施例3中电机斜极转子的立体图；
图13是本发明实施例3中轴的主视图；
图14是图13中沿C-C的剖视图；
图15是本发明实施例3中轴的立体图；
图16是本发明实施例4中电机斜极转子的立体图；
图17是本发明实施例4中电机斜极转子的立体图。
图中：1.轴；1-1.第一键槽；1-2.第二键槽；1-3.第三键槽；1-4.第四键槽；1-5.凸缘板；1-6.花槽；1-7.旋变器安装槽；2.平衡端板；3.第一铁芯段；3-1.辅助线；3-2.轴孔；3-3.凸键；3-4.磁钢槽；3-5.减重孔；3-6.铆接孔；4.第二铁芯段；4-1.辅助线；5.平衡端板；6.锁紧螺母；7.第三铁芯段；8.第四铁芯段；9.第五铁芯段；10.第六铁芯段；11.第七铁芯段；12.第八铁芯段；13.第九铁芯段；14.第十铁芯段；15.第十一铁芯段；16.第十二铁芯段；17.第十三铁芯段；18.第十四铁芯段。
实施本发明的方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
实施例1
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5所示为本发明实施例1，在该实施例中提供一种电机斜极转子，包括轴1，轴1上设置有铁芯，铁芯包括N段铁芯段，N≥2，例如2、3、4、5、6、7、8等。
轴1上设置有至少一条沿轴向延伸的键槽安装铁芯段；键槽包括基准键槽，轴1的一端设置有旋变器安装槽1-7，基准键槽与旋变器安装槽1-7的径向中心线同向。旋变器安装槽1-7设置在轴1的最左端，用于辅助标记基准键槽，方便识别出基准键槽。通过在轴1上设置基准键槽，方便铁芯段按照预定角度安装，提高了组装准确性。
在本实施例中铁芯包括两段铁芯段，分别为第一铁芯段3和第二铁芯段4，相邻的第一铁芯段3和第二铁芯段4的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ。
铁芯段由若干片转子冲片堆叠组成，不同铁芯段内的转子冲片的结构相同，预定夹角θ＝7.5°。
本实施例中两段铁芯段是等厚的，包含的转子冲片数量相等。
如图3所示，转子冲片的中心部位设置有轴孔3-2，轴孔3-2的内圆周上设置有凸键3-3。
如图4、图5所示，轴1上设置有一条沿轴向延伸的键槽，即第一键槽1-1，第一键槽1-1是基准键槽。
在本实施例中，凸键3-3的径向中心线(沿转子冲片的径向分布)与铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ/2，左侧和右侧的铁芯段相对翻转后设置在轴上，左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ。
安装时，先将第一铁芯段3装配在轴1上，再将第二铁芯段4翻转180度装配在轴1上，第一铁芯段3和第二铁芯段4的磁极之间即可形成预定夹角θ。
如图3所示，靠近转子冲片的外圆周边均布有若干个磁极，各磁极包括若干个 磁钢槽以及内嵌在所述磁钢槽内的磁钢。
具体地，每一磁极中可以由一个、两个或多个磁钢槽以及嵌设在磁钢槽内的磁钢组合而成，其具体的形状可以不做限定，比如，各磁钢槽的形状可以是一字形、V形、双V形、三角形、多边形等。
优选地，每个磁极由三个磁钢槽组成，每个磁钢槽内嵌有一个磁钢，第一磁钢槽和第二磁钢槽对称布置，二者的宽度方向与冲片本体的径向倾斜，呈开口向外的V字形，第三磁钢槽位于第一磁钢槽和第二磁钢槽的中间，宽度方向垂直于冲片本体的径向，三个磁钢槽呈Δ形或
Figure PCTCN2020089189-appb-000001
形排列。
当然，每个磁极可以只设置两个磁钢槽，即：第一磁钢槽和第二磁钢槽，每个磁钢槽内嵌有一个磁钢，第一磁钢槽和第二磁钢槽对称布置，呈开口向外的V字形。
转子冲片上在磁钢槽与轴孔3-2之间设置有若干减重孔3-5，减重孔3-5之间设置有铆接孔3-6，通过铆接孔3-6组合若干片冲片本体构成铁芯段。
如图4所示，在铁芯段两侧设置有平衡端板2、5，轴1上一端设置有凸缘板对平衡端板2进行限位，另一端设置有锁紧螺母6对平衡端板5进行紧固，也可以采用过盈环对平衡端板5进行紧固。
通过凸缘板1-5、平衡端板2、5和锁紧螺母6能够将铁芯段组合在轴1上，组合结构简单可靠。
轴1上一端设置有花键1-6，凸缘板1-5设置在靠近花键1-6的一侧。花键1-6用于连接外部减速器等装置，向外传递转矩。在凸缘板1-5的右侧光轴段以及轴1的左侧端部的光轴段上可设置轴承将轴1支撑在电机壳体上。
实施例2
如图6、图7、图8、图9、图10所示为本发明实施例2，实施例2是在实施例1的基础上做出的改进，与实施例1的区别在于：轴1上设置有两条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽1-1和第二键槽1-2，第一键槽1-1是基准键槽，第一键槽1-1的径向中心线与铁芯段的磁极方向重合，第二键槽1-2的径向中心线与基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ。
在本实施例中，铁芯包括四段铁芯段，分别为第三铁芯段7、第四铁芯段8、第五铁芯段9、第六铁芯段10，相邻的第三铁芯段7和第四铁芯段8的磁极之间设 置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第五铁芯段9和第六铁芯段10的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，预定夹角θ＝3.75°。
本实施例中四段铁芯段是等厚的，包含的转子冲片数量相等。
轴1上位于中间的两段铁芯段的磁极方向相同，即第四铁芯段8和第五铁芯段9的磁极方向相同，轴1上左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向对称分布，构成V字形斜极。
在本实施例中，凸键3-3的径向中心线与铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
上述铁芯段的安装顺序为：9点钟方向、12点钟方向、12点钟方向、9点钟方向。
在本实施例中，第三铁芯段7、第四铁芯段8、第五铁芯段9、第六铁芯段10的磁极方向之间也可以都具有夹角θ，例如构成W字形，或者倾斜的一字形。
本实施例2中电机斜极转子的其他结构与实施例1相同，此处不再重复描述。
实施例3
如图11、图12、图13、图14、图15所示为本发明实施例3，实施例3是在实施例2的基础上做出的改进，与实施例3的区别点在于：轴1上设置有四条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽1-1、第二键槽1-2、第三键槽1-3、第四键槽1-4，第一键槽1-1是基准键槽，第三键槽1-3的径向中心线与基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为180°，第二键槽1-2、第四键槽1-4的径向中心线与基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ。
第二键槽1-2、第四键槽1-4以第一键槽1-1的径向中心线镜像对称分布。
第一键槽1-1位于图14中的9点钟方向，第二键槽1-2位于12点钟方向附近，第三键槽1-3位于3点钟方向，第四键槽1-4位于6点钟方向附近。
在本实施例中，铁芯包括六段铁芯段，分别为第七铁芯段11、第八铁芯段12、第九铁芯段13、第十铁芯段14、第十一铁芯段15、第十二铁芯段16。
相邻的第七铁芯段11和第八铁芯段12的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第八铁芯段12和第九铁芯段13的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第十铁芯段14和第十一铁芯段15的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第十一铁芯段15和第十二铁芯段16的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，预定夹角θ＝2.5°。
本实施例中六段铁芯段是等厚的，包含的转子冲片数量相等。
轴1上位于中间的两段铁芯段的磁极方向相同，即第九铁芯段13和第十铁芯段14的磁极方向相同，轴1上左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向对称分布，构成V字形斜极。
在本实施例中，凸键3-3的径向中心线与铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
上述铁芯段的安装顺序为：6点钟方向、9点钟方向、12点钟方向、12点钟方向、9点钟方向、6点钟方向。
在本实施例中，六段铁芯段的磁极方向之间也可以都具有夹角θ，例如构成W字形，或者倾斜的一字形。
本实施例3中电机斜极转子的其他结构与实施例1相同，此处不再重复描述。
实施例4
如图16、图17所示为本发明实施例4，在本实施例中，铁芯包括奇数个铁芯段。
如图16中所示，铁芯包括三段铁芯段，分别为第三铁芯段7、第十三铁芯段17、第六铁芯段10，相邻的第三铁芯段7和第十三铁芯段17的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第十三铁芯段17和第六铁芯段10的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，预定夹角θ＝3.75°。三段铁芯段组装在轴1上构成V字形斜极。
上述三段铁芯段是不等厚的，第三铁芯段7、第六铁芯段10等厚，包含的转子冲片数量相等，第十三铁芯段17的厚度是第三铁芯段7的二倍。上述三段铁芯段也可以设计为等厚的。
如图17中所示，铁芯包括五段铁芯段，分别为第七铁芯段11、第八铁芯段12、第十四铁芯段18、第十一铁芯段15、第十二铁芯段16。
相邻的第七铁芯段11和第八铁芯段12的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第八铁芯段12和第十四铁芯段18的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第十四铁芯段18和第十一铁芯段15的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，相邻的第十一铁芯段15和第十二铁芯段16的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，预定夹角θ＝2.5°。五段铁芯段组装在轴1上构成V字形斜极。
上述五段铁芯段是不等厚的，第七铁芯段11、第八铁芯段12、第十一铁芯段15、第十二铁芯段16等厚，包含的转子冲片数量相等，第十四铁芯段18的厚度是第七铁芯段11的二倍。上述五段铁芯段也可以设计为等厚的。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进或变形。本领域技术人员应该明白，上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机斜极转子，其特征在于，包括轴，所述轴上设置有铁芯，所述铁芯包括N段铁芯段，N≥2，相邻的所述铁芯段的磁极之间设置有预定夹角θ，所述轴上设置有至少一条沿轴向延伸的键槽安装所述铁芯段；所述键槽包括基准键槽，所述轴的一端设置有旋变器安装槽，所述基准键槽与所述旋变器安装槽的径向中心线同向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述铁芯段由若干片转子冲片堆叠组成，不同铁芯段内的所述转子冲片的结构相同；
    所述转子冲片的中心部位设置有轴孔，所述轴孔的内圆周上设置有凸键。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述轴上设置有四条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽、第二键槽、第三键槽、第四键槽，所述第一键槽为基准键槽，所述第三键槽的径向中心线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为180°，所述第二键槽、第四键槽的径向中心线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ；
    所述N＝6，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述第二键槽、第四键槽以所述第一键槽的径向中心线镜像对称分布。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述轴上设置有两条沿轴向延伸的键槽，分别为第一键槽和第二键槽，所述第一键槽为基准键槽，所述第二键槽的径向中心线与所述基准键槽的径向中心线之间夹角为90°-θ；
    所述N＝4，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向重合。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述轴上设置有一条沿轴向延伸的键槽，所述键槽为基准键槽；
    所述N＝2，所述凸键的径向中心线与所述铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ/2，左侧和右侧的铁芯段相对翻转后设置在所述轴上，左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向之间夹角为θ。
  7. 根据权利要求3或5所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述轴上位于中间的两段所述铁芯段的磁极方向相同，所述轴上左侧和右侧的铁芯段的磁极方向对称分布，构成V字形斜极。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，在所述铁芯段两侧设置有平衡端板，所述轴的第一端附近设置有凸缘板对所述平衡端板进行限位，所述轴的第二端附近设置有锁紧螺母或过盈环对所述平衡端板进行紧固；
    所述轴的第一端设置有花键，所述凸缘板靠近所述花键设置；
    所述旋变器安装槽设置在所述轴的第二端。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，靠近所述转子冲片的外圆周边均布有若干个磁极，各所述磁极包括若干个磁钢槽以及内嵌在所述磁钢槽内的磁钢。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机斜极转子，其特征在于，所述转子冲片上在所述磁钢槽与所述轴孔之间设置有若干减重孔，所述减重孔之间设置有铆接孔，通过所述铆接孔组合若干片所述冲片本体构成所述铁芯段。
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