WO2021007874A1 - Moteur à aimants permanents composites - Google Patents

Moteur à aimants permanents composites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021007874A1
WO2021007874A1 PCT/CN2019/096926 CN2019096926W WO2021007874A1 WO 2021007874 A1 WO2021007874 A1 WO 2021007874A1 CN 2019096926 W CN2019096926 W CN 2019096926W WO 2021007874 A1 WO2021007874 A1 WO 2021007874A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
composite
groove
rotor
thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/096926
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林德芳
Original Assignee
上海特波电机有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海特波电机有限公司 filed Critical 上海特波电机有限公司
Publication of WO2021007874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021007874A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to motor technology, in particular to a composite permanent magnet motor technology.
  • Electric vehicle drive systems all use built-in permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) as the power source.
  • IPMSM built-in permanent magnet synchronous motors
  • the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motors use permanent magnet excitation, which has a constant magnetic field and cannot be adjusted. Therefore, it has the defect of difficulty in field weakening and speed expansion. When the motor parameters and size are fixed, the speed increases with the increase of voltage.
  • the existing built-in permanent magnet synchronous motors have defects such as low power and torque density, narrow high-speed constant power range, large torque fluctuations, low overload capacity and system efficiency, high risk of magnetic steel demagnetization, and poor reliability. These defects restrict Drive the research and development of the drive motor and its industrialization progress.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite permanent magnet motor with good field weakening and speed expansion capability.
  • the present invention provides a composite permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator and a rotor.
  • the rotor is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet units, and each permanent magnet unit is arranged at symmetrical intervals around the axis of the rotor, and Each permanent magnet unit is divided into two symmetrical halves by the direct axis of the rotor; its characteristics are:
  • the permanent magnet unit includes a permanent magnet slot, and a composite magnet embedded in the permanent magnet slot.
  • the composite magnet is formed by stacking a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, and the first permanent magnet is located at the second permanent magnet.
  • the coercive force of the first permanent magnet is greater than the coercive force of the second permanent magnet.
  • the length of the first permanent magnet is the same as the length of the second permanent magnet.
  • the thickness of the first permanent magnet is smaller than the thickness of the second permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet groove and the composite magnet embedded in the permanent magnet groove are both in-line, and the thickness of the second permanent magnet is 1.8 to 2.2 times the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet groove is V-shaped, and two composite magnets are embedded in the V-shaped permanent magnet groove, and the two composite magnets in the permanent magnet groove are arranged in a V shape, and the second permanent magnet
  • the thickness of the magnet is 1.6 to 2.0 times the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet unit has two in-line permanent magnet slots, and the two permanent magnet slots are arranged in order from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the rotor, and the composite magnet is embedded in the inner permanent magnet slot, and the outside A third permanent magnet is embedded in the permanent magnet groove, and the coercive force of the third permanent magnet is the same as that of the first permanent magnet.
  • the thickness of the third permanent magnet is the same as the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the length of the third permanent magnet is smaller than the length of the first permanent magnet.
  • both ends of the composite magnet are each formed with an inner magnetic isolation groove, and the inner magnetic isolation grooves at both ends of the composite magnet are separated from the inner permanent magnetic groove.
  • an outer magnetic isolation groove is formed at both ends of the third permanent magnet, and the outer magnetic isolation grooves at both ends of the third permanent magnet are separated from the outer permanent magnetic groove.
  • the thickness of the second permanent magnet is 1.6 to 2.2 times the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet slot is V-shaped, and two composite magnets are embedded in the V-shaped permanent magnet slot, and the two composite magnets in the permanent magnet slot are arranged in a V shape;
  • the rotor is also provided with multiple magnetic barrier units, each magnetic barrier unit is arranged symmetrically spaced around the axis of the rotor, and each magnetic barrier unit is divided into two symmetrical halves by the rotor's quadrature axis, and each magnetic barrier unit includes two In the inner magnetic barrier groove, the two inner magnetic barrier grooves are arc-shaped grooves with the arc top facing inward and different radii, and the two inner magnetic barrier grooves are arranged concentrically from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the rotor.
  • each magnetic barrier unit further includes a surface magnetic barrier groove, and the surface magnetic barrier groove is an inwardly recessed groove opened on the circumferential surface of the rotor.
  • the composite permanent magnet motor utilizes the difference in coercivity characteristics of neodymium iron boron and alnico permanent magnet materials to form a composite magnet permanent magnet rotor connected in series on the magnetic circuit, which can obtain higher air gap magnetic flux, Improve efficiency, power and torque density, and control the demagnetization and demagnetization of the low coercive force of the composite magnet in the permanent magnet slot through the direct axis armature reaction magnetomotive force generated by the stator direct axis current vector pulse.
  • the degree of magnetization causes a part of the main magnetic flux to pass through the partial bypass of Al-Ni-Co and become a leakage flux, which can achieve weak magnetic field expansion, low-speed constant torque operation, high-speed constant power operation, and obtain a wider range than existing permanent magnet synchronous motors
  • the range of constant power and speed greatly improves the overall quality of the motor, achieving high power density, wide speed regulation, fast response, frequent starting and smooth operation, and meeting the driving requirements of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radial cross-section of a composite permanent magnet motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radial cross-section of a composite permanent magnet motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic partial radial cross-sectional view of a composite permanent magnet motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic partial radial cross-sectional view of a composite permanent magnet motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a composite permanent magnet motor provided by the first embodiment of the present invention includes a stator 11 and a rotor 12.
  • the rotor 12 is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet units, and each permanent magnet unit surrounds the rotor.
  • the axis is symmetrically spaced, and each permanent magnet unit is divided into two symmetrical halves by the direct axis of the rotor (magnetic pole centerline, d-axis); its characteristics are:
  • the permanent magnet unit includes an in-line permanent magnet slot and an in-line composite magnet embedded in the permanent magnet slot.
  • the composite magnet is formed by stacking a first permanent magnet 131 and a second permanent magnet 132, and The first permanent magnet 131 is located outside the second permanent magnet 132 (the side facing the outer circumference of the rotor is the outside), and the coercive force of the first permanent magnet 131 is greater than the coercive force of the second permanent magnet 132, and is in the diameter of the rotor.
  • the preferred solution of the thickness ratio of the first permanent magnet 131 to the second permanent magnet 132 is that the thickness h12 of the second permanent magnet is 1.8 to 2.2 times the thickness h11 of the first permanent magnet.
  • the two magnetic isolation slots at both ends of the composite magnet play a role in reducing magnetic flux leakage.
  • the inline composite magnet and the pole piece (rotor core) constitute magnetic poles, and the first permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron magnet ,
  • the second permanent magnet is an AlNiCo magnet.
  • the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are connected in series in the magnetic circuit. The remanence of the NdFeB magnet and AlNiCo magnet is close, but the coercivity is very different.
  • NdFeB magnets are difficult to demagnetize and magnetize, and AlNiCo magnets are easy to demagnetize and magnetize; optimizing the thickness ratio of the first permanent magnet to the second permanent magnet can not only obtain higher air gap magnetic flux, improve efficiency and power,
  • the torque density can also control the magnetization and demagnetization degree of the second permanent magnet with low coercivity in the composite magnet in the permanent magnet slot through the direct-axis armature reaction magnetomotive force generated by the direct-axis current vector id pulse of the rotor , Thereby regulating the main magnetic flux of the air gap (increase or weaken); when the second permanent magnet is demagnetized, a part of the main magnetic flux is partially bypassed (short-circuited) by the second permanent magnet, and becomes the leakage flux, and the main magnetic flux of the air gap Attenuate, reach the weakening speed, low-speed constant torque operation, high-speed constant power operation, and obtain a wider range of constant power speed than the existing permanent magnet synchronous
  • the magnetic rear is embedded in the permanent magnet slot, compact structure, resistant to high-speed centrifugal force, can effectively reduce motor noise and torque fluctuations, significantly improve the overall quality of the motor, and achieve high power density, wide speed regulation, fast response, frequent start and stable Operation to meet the driving requirements of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.
  • the difference between the second embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that: in the second embodiment, the permanent magnet groove on the rotor 22 is in a V-shape, and the V-shaped permanent magnet groove is embedded There are two in-line composite magnets, and the two composite magnets in the permanent magnet slots are arranged in a V shape, and magnetic isolation slots 24 are formed at both ends of each composite magnet, and the magnetic isolation slots at both ends of the composite magnet 24 is connected with the permanent magnet groove as a whole.
  • the thickness ratio of the first permanent magnet 231 to the second permanent magnet 232 is preferably: the thickness of the second permanent magnet is 1.6 to 2.0 times the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the working principle of the second embodiment of the present invention is similar to that of the first embodiment, and can also significantly improve the overall quality of the motor, realize high power density, wide speed regulation, fast response, frequent start and smooth operation, and meet the requirements of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles Drive requirements; a wider range of constant power speed can be obtained than the existing V-shaped permanent magnet structure built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor;
  • a motor with a rated power of 50KW, a rated speed of 3000 (r/min), a rated torque/maximum torque of 159/350 (Nm) the second embodiment of the present invention is compared with the existing V-shaped permanent magnet structure built-in permanent
  • the efficiency of the magnetic synchronous motor is increased from 94.2% to 96.78%
  • the current under the rated torque (159Nm) is reduced from 158A to 150A
  • the speed expansion range is increased from 0-7000r/min to 0-9500r/min.
  • the structure of the second embodiment can increase the speed expansion capability of the motor by 1.35 times.
  • the difference between the third embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is that the permanent magnet unit in the third embodiment has two in-line permanent magnet slots, and the two permanent magnet slots are along the rotor.
  • the composite magnet is embedded in the inner permanent magnet slot.
  • the structure of the composite magnet is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the outer permanent magnet slot is embedded with a third permanent magnet 333, and the third permanent magnet.
  • the coercive force of the magnet 333 is the same as that of the first permanent magnet 331, and in the radial section of the rotor 32, the thickness of the third permanent magnet 333 is the same as the thickness of the first permanent magnet 331, and the third permanent magnet 333
  • the length of is smaller than the length of the first permanent magnet 331.
  • an inner magnetic isolation groove 341 is formed at each end of the composite magnet, and the inner magnetic isolation grooves 341 and the inner permanent magnetic groove at both ends of the composite magnet are separated from each other; the two third permanent magnets 333
  • An outer magnetic isolation groove 342 is formed at each end, and the outer magnetic isolation grooves 342 at both ends of the third permanent magnet are separated from the outer permanent magnetic grooves.
  • the preferred solution for the thickness ratio of the first permanent magnet 331 to the second permanent magnet 332 is that the thickness of the second permanent magnet is 1.6 to 2.2 times the thickness of the first permanent magnet.
  • the working principle of the third embodiment of the present invention is similar to that of the first embodiment, and can also significantly improve the overall quality of the motor, realize high power density, wide speed regulation, fast response, frequent starting and smooth operation, and meet the requirements of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles Drive requirements.
  • the difference between the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the second embodiment is that the rotor 42 in the fourth embodiment is further provided with a plurality of magnetic barrier units, and each magnetic barrier unit is symmetrically spaced around the axis of the rotor.
  • Each magnetic barrier unit is divided into two symmetrical halves by the quadrature axis of the rotor (center line between poles, q-axis).
  • Each magnetic barrier unit includes two inner barrier grooves 451, 452, and a surface magnetic Barrier groove 453, the two inner magnetic barrier grooves 451, 452 are arc-shaped grooves with arc tops facing inward and different radii, and the two inner magnetic barrier grooves 451, 452 are concentric from inside to outside along the radial direction of the rotor
  • the surface magnetic barrier groove 453 is an inwardly recessed groove opened on the circumferential surface of the rotor.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention adds a magnetic barrier unit.
  • the magnetic barrier unit also forms a direct-axis inductance greater than a quadrature-axis inductance, thereby obtaining magnetic Resistance torque, forming a double field weakening speed expansion structure, can further reduce loss compared with the second embodiment, improve system efficiency, power density and torque density, improve field weakening speed expansion capability, and expand constant power range operation.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur à aimants permanents composites qui se rapporte au domaine technique des moteurs électriques. Le problème technique à résoudre par la présente invention est d'améliorer la capacité d'expansion de vitesse d'affaiblissement de flux. Le moteur comprend un stator et un rotor, le rotor étant pourvu d'une pluralité d'unités d'aimant permanent qui sont disposées symétriquement autour d'un axe du rotor à des intervalles, et chaque unité d'aimant permanent étant divisée en deux moitiés symétriques par un axe droit du rotor ; et l'unité d'aimant permanent comprend une rainure d'aimant permanent et un aimant composite intégré dans la rainure d'aimant permanent, l'aimant composite est formé par empilement d'un premier aimant permanent et d'un second aimant permanent, le premier aimant permanent est situé à l'extérieur du second aimant permanent, et le premier aimant permanent présente une force coercitive supérieure à celle du second aimant permanent. Le moteur selon la présente invention peut satisfaire aux exigences de conduite de véhicules électriques et de véhicules hybrides.
PCT/CN2019/096926 2019-07-12 2019-07-19 Moteur à aimants permanents composites WO2021007874A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910629296.6A CN110350689A (zh) 2019-07-12 2019-07-12 复合式永磁电机
CN201910629296.6 2019-07-12

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WO2021007874A1 true WO2021007874A1 (fr) 2021-01-21

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WO (1) WO2021007874A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113014009B (zh) * 2021-03-08 2022-11-01 哈尔滨工业大学 永磁体串并联式变磁路可调磁通电机
CN114498983B (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-04 哈尔滨工业大学 三段式变磁路串并联可调磁通电机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014033582A (ja) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-20 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 永久磁石式回転電機
JP2014072924A (ja) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-21 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 永久磁石埋込型電動機
CN205725213U (zh) * 2016-06-06 2016-11-23 上海特波电机有限公司 电动汽车电机的低波动槽孔结合式永磁转子
CN106026597A (zh) * 2016-07-11 2016-10-12 江苏大学 内置磁障式磁场增强型永磁无刷电机

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