WO2021006121A1 - 画像処理装置、内視鏡システム、及び画像処理装置の作動方法 - Google Patents
画像処理装置、内視鏡システム、及び画像処理装置の作動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021006121A1 WO2021006121A1 PCT/JP2020/025695 JP2020025695W WO2021006121A1 WO 2021006121 A1 WO2021006121 A1 WO 2021006121A1 JP 2020025695 W JP2020025695 W JP 2020025695W WO 2021006121 A1 WO2021006121 A1 WO 2021006121A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0012—Biomedical image inspection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
- A61B1/000094—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope extracting biological structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
- A61B1/00188—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0646—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with illumination filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0653—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with wavelength conversion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/31—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the rectum, e.g. proctoscopes, sigmoidoscopes, colonoscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
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- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
- G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
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- G06T2207/10024—Color image
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T2207/10068—Endoscopic image
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- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
- G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing device, an endoscopic system, and an operation method of the image processing device that perform processing related to a disease.
- an endoscope system including a light source device, an endoscope, and a processor device.
- an observation object is irradiated with illumination light, and the observation object illuminated by the illumination light is imaged to acquire an endoscopic image as a medical image.
- the endoscopic image is displayed on the monitor and used for diagnosis.
- Patent Document 1 information that supports diagnosis such as determination of a disease such as a lesion is being provided to a user by performing processing based on an endoscopic image.
- a feature amount is calculated from an endoscopic image, and classification (non-tumor, tumor, cancer, SSA / P, etc.) corresponding to a pathological diagnosis is performed based on the feature amount.
- a disease for example, there is a method for determining a disease (for example, ulcerative colitis) based on the properties of microvessels or bleeding areas.
- various biological elements such as microvessels or bleeding areas are photographed at a low magnification
- the photographed blood vessels or bleeding are very small, so that the actual shape of the blood vessels or bleeding is retained when extracting those blood vessels or bleeding. It is difficult to extract in this state.
- a biological element such as a microvessel or bleeding is photographed at an excessively high magnification, only local shape information of the biological element can be obtained, not the shape information of the entire biological element to be observed. Therefore, it is required to perform extraction while maintaining the shape of microvessels or bleeding areas and to improve the accuracy of treatment related to diseases by using medical images taken of observation objects at an appropriate magnification. It was.
- Patent Document 1 describes that an enlarged tissue image, for example, a 380 times image is used as the endoscopic image. However, there is no description or suggestion of an appropriate magnification range for performing diagnostic imaging.
- the image processing apparatus of the present invention includes a processor, and the processor is a medical image obtained by imaging an observation object illuminated by illumination light including a short-waveband narrow-band light, and the observation object is a first enlargement.
- a medical image that is greater than or equal to the rate and is magnified at less than the second magnification, which is greater than the first magnification, is acquired, and processing related to the disease is performed based on the medical image.
- the thickness of the blood vessel included in the observation target is one pixel or more by enlarging the observation target at the first enlargement ratio.
- the first enlargement ratio is preferably 5 times or more.
- the second enlargement ratio is preferably 230 times or less.
- the illumination light is preferably purple light having 410 nm in the center wavelength or the peak wavelength as short-wavelength narrow-band light.
- the illumination light is blue narrow band light and green narrow band light as short wavelength narrow band light
- the medical image is an image of an observation target in which blue narrow band light and green narrow band light are alternately illuminated. It is preferable to obtain it.
- the illumination light is preferably pseudo-white light including short-wavelength narrow-band light and fluorescence obtained by irradiating a phosphor with excitation light.
- the illumination light preferably includes purple light as a short wavelength narrow band light and blue light, green light, or red light.
- the processor determines the stage of ulcerative colitis by calculating an index value for the stage of ulcerative colitis based on at least one of superficial vascular congestion, intramucosal bleeding, and extramucosal bleeding obtained from medical images. Or at least one of determining pathological remission or non-remission of ulcerative colitis is preferred.
- the endoscope system of the present invention includes a light source unit that emits illumination light including narrow-band light of a short wavelength and a processor, and the processor captures a medical image obtained by imaging an observation object illuminated by the illumination light.
- the observation target acquires a medical image that is magnified at a magnification of less than the second magnification that is greater than or equal to the first magnification and is greater than the first magnification, and is processed for the disease based on the medical image. I do.
- the method of operating the image processing apparatus of the present invention is a medical image obtained by a processor capturing an observation object illuminated by illumination light including a short-waveband narrow-band light, and the observation object is a first magnification factor. It includes a step of acquiring a medical image which is more than the above and is magnified at a magnification of less than the second magnification, which is larger than the first magnification, and a step of the processor performing processing related to the disease based on the medical image.
- the present invention by using a medical image obtained by taking an observation target at an appropriate magnification, extraction is performed while maintaining the shape of a microvessel or a bleeding region, and the accuracy of processing related to a disease is improved. Can be done.
- the endoscope system 10 includes an endoscope 12, a light source device 14, a processor device 16, a monitor 18, and a user interface 19.
- the endoscope 12 is optically connected to the light source device 14 and electrically connected to the processor device 16.
- the endoscope 12 includes an insertion portion 12a to be inserted into the body to be observed, an operation portion 12b provided at the base end portion of the insertion portion 12a, and a curved portion 12c and a tip provided on the tip end side of the insertion portion 12a. It has a part 12d.
- the curved portion 12c bends by operating the angle knob 12e of the operating portion 12b.
- the tip portion 12d is directed in a desired direction by the bending motion of the bending portion 12c.
- the operation unit 12b includes a mode switching SW (mode switching switch) 12f used for mode switching operation, and a still image acquisition instruction unit 12g used for instructing acquisition of a still image to be observed.
- a zoom operation unit 12h used for operating the zoom lens 43 (see FIG. 2) is provided.
- the endoscope system 10 has three modes: a normal light mode, a special light mode, and a disease-related processing mode.
- a normal light mode a normal light image having a natural color is displayed on the monitor 18 by illuminating the observation target with normal light and taking an image.
- a special light mode a special light image having a specific structure emphasized is displayed on the monitor 18 by illuminating the observation target with special light having a wavelength band different from that of normal light and taking an image.
- pathological remission or non-pathological remission of ulcerative colitis which is one of the diseases, is determined based on a normal optical image or a special optical image.
- an index value relating to the stage of ulcerative colitis may be calculated, or the stage of ulcerative colitis may be determined.
- a special optical image is used in the disease-related processing mode, but a normal optical image may be used.
- the images used in the disease-related processing mode include a special optical image as an endoscopic image, which is one of medical images, a radiographic image obtained by a radiography apparatus, and a CT image obtained by CT (Computed Tomography).
- a medical image such as an MRI image obtained by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) may be used.
- the processor device 16 to which the endoscope 12 is connected corresponds to the image processing device of the present invention, and the processor device 16 executes the disease-related processing mode, but executes the disease-related processing mode by another method. You may do so.
- the function of the disease-related processing unit 66 is provided in an external image processing device different from the endoscope system 10, a medical image is input to the external image processing device to execute the disease-related processing mode, and the execution result thereof. May be displayed on an external monitor connected to an external image processing device.
- the processor device 16 is electrically connected to the monitor 18 and the user interface 19.
- the monitor 18 outputs and displays an image to be observed, information incidental to the image to be observed, and the like.
- the user interface 19 has a function of accepting input operations such as function settings.
- An external recording unit (not shown) for recording an image, image information, or the like may be connected to the processor device 16. Further, the processor device 16 corresponds to the image processing device of the present invention.
- the light source device 14 includes a light source unit 20 and a light source control unit 21 that controls the light source unit 20.
- the light source unit 20 has, for example, a plurality of semiconductor light sources, each of which is turned on or off, and when the light source unit 20 is turned on, the amount of light emitted from each semiconductor light source is controlled to emit illumination light that illuminates the observation target.
- the light source unit 20 includes a V-LED (Violet Light Emitting Diode) 20a, a B-LED (Blue Light Emitting Diode) 20b, a G-LED (Green Light Emitting Diode) 20c, and an R-LED (Red Light).
- EmittingDiode It has a 20d 4-color LED.
- the V-LED 20a generates purple light V having a center wavelength of 405 ⁇ 10 nm and a wavelength range of 380 to 420 nm.
- the B-LED 20b generates blue light B having a center wavelength of 460 ⁇ 10 nm and a wavelength range of 420 to 500 nm.
- the G-LED 20c generates green light G having a wavelength range of 480 to 600 nm.
- the R-LED20d generates red light R having a center wavelength of 620 to 630 nm and a wavelength range of 600 to 650 nm.
- Purple light V is a short-wavelength narrow-band light used for detecting superficial blood vessel congestion, intramucosal hemorrhage, and extramucosal hemorrhage used in the disease-related treatment mode, and has a central wavelength or a peak wavelength of 410 nm. It is preferable to include it.
- the light source control unit 21 controls the V-LED20a, B-LED20b, G-LED20c, and R-LED20d. Further, the light source control unit 21 emits normal light having a light intensity ratio of Vc: Bc: Gc: Rc among purple light V, blue light B, green light G, and red light R in the normal light mode. In addition, each LED 20a to 20d is controlled.
- the light intensity ratio of purple light V as short wavelength narrow band light to blue light B, green light G, and red light R is Vs.
- Each LED 20a to 20d is controlled so as to emit special light having: Bs: Gs: Rs.
- Vs: Bs: Gs: Rs it is preferable that special light emphasizes surface blood vessels and the like. Therefore, in the first illumination light, it is preferable that the light intensity of the purple light V is larger than the light intensity of the blue light B.
- the ratio of the light intensity Vs of purple light V and the light intensity Bs of blue light B is set to "4: 1".
- the light intensity ratio between purple light V, blue light B, green light G, and red light R is set to 1: 0: 0: 0 to narrow the short wavelength. Only purple light V as band light may be emitted.
- the light intensity ratio includes the case where the ratio of at least one semiconductor light source is 0 (zero). Therefore, this includes the case where any one or more of the semiconductor light sources are not lit. For example, as in the case where the light intensity ratio between purple light V, blue light B, green light G, and red light R is 1: 0: 0: 0, only one of the semiconductor light sources is turned on, and the other three are turned on. Even if one does not light up, it shall have a light intensity ratio.
- the light emitted by each of the LEDs 20a to 20e is incident on the light guide 25 via the optical path coupling portion 23 composed of a mirror, a lens, or the like.
- the light guide 25 is built in the endoscope 12 and the universal cord (the cord connecting the endoscope 12, the light source device 14, and the processor device 16).
- the light guide 25 propagates the light from the optical path coupling portion 23 to the tip portion 12d of the endoscope 12.
- An illumination optical system 30a and an imaging optical system 30b are provided at the tip portion 12d of the endoscope 12.
- the illumination optical system 30a has an illumination lens 32, and the illumination light propagated by the light guide 25 is applied to the observation target through the illumination lens 32.
- the image pickup optical system 30b has an objective lens 42 and an image pickup sensor 44. The light from the observation target due to the illumination light is incident on the image pickup sensor 44 via the objective lens 42 and the zoom lens 43. As a result, an image to be observed is formed on the image sensor 44.
- the zoom lens 43 is a lens for enlarging the observation target, and moves between the telephoto end and the wide end by operating the zoom operation unit 12h.
- the magnification can be changed stepwise by using the zoom lens 43.
- the enlargement ratio is a value obtained by dividing the size of the object displayed on the monitor 18 by the size of the actual object.
- the monitor 18 is a 19-inch monitor, as shown in FIG. 6, the enlargement ratio is changed stepwise in two steps, three steps, and five steps, or the enlargement ratio is continuously changed. Can be done.
- the enlargement ratio display unit 47 displayed when the enlargement ratio is changed stepwise and the enlargement ratio are continuously changed at a specific display position of the monitor 18.
- An enlargement ratio display unit 49 for displaying is provided.
- the frame non-display, frame display, and overall display of the boxes Bx1, Bx2, Bx3, and Bx4 provided between N (Near) representing the near view and F (Far) representing the distant view are combined. Represents the magnification in use.
- the size of the monitor 18 generally used in the endoscope system 10 is 19 inches to 32 inches, and the width is 23.65 cm to 39.83 cm.
- the enlargement ratio when the enlargement ratio is set to two stages of changing the enlargement ratio to 40 times and 60 times, the frames for boxes Bx1, Bx2, and Bx3 are hidden, and the enlargement ratio in use is 40.
- the box Bx4 When the magnification is doubled, the box Bx4 is displayed as a frame, and when the enlargement ratio in use is 60 times, the box Bx4 is displayed as a whole.
- the enlargement ratio is set to three stages of changing the enlargement ratio to 40 times, 60 times, and 85 times, the boxes B1x and Bx2 are hidden from the frame, and the enlargement ratio in use is 40 times. In the case of, the boxes Bx3 and Bx4 are displayed as a frame.
- the box Bx3 is displayed as a frame and Bx4 is displayed as a whole, and when the enlargement ratio during use is 85 times, the boxes Bx3 and Bx4 are displayed as a whole.
- the box Bx1 Bx2, Bx3, and Bx4 are displayed as frames. Further, when the enlargement ratio during use is 60 times, the boxes Bx1, Bx2, and Bx3 are displayed as a frame, and the boxes Bx4 are displayed as a whole. When the enlargement ratio is 85 times, the boxes Bx1 and Bx2 are displayed as a frame, and the boxes Bx3 and Bx4 are displayed as a whole. When the enlargement ratio is 100 times, the box Bx1 is displayed as a frame, and the boxes Bx2, Bx3, and Bx4 are displayed as a whole. Further, when the enlargement ratio is 135 times, the boxes Bx1, Bx2, Bx3, and Bx4 are displayed as a whole.
- the magnification display unit 49 includes a horizontally long bar 49a provided between N (Near) representing a near view and F (Far) representing a distant view. While the enlargement ratio is up to 40 times, only the frame of the horizontally long bar 49a is displayed. Then, when the enlargement ratio exceeds 40 times, the inside of the frame of the horizontally long bar 49a is displayed in the specific color SC. Then, until the enlargement ratio reaches 135 times, the region of the specific color in the horizontally long bar 49a gradually expands to the F side as the enlargement ratio increases. Then, when the enlargement ratio reaches 135 times, the region of the specific color extends to the upper limit display bar 49b, and does not expand further to the F side.
- a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor can be used.
- a complementary color image sensor provided with complementary color filters of C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow) and G (green) may be used.
- the image signals of the four colors of CMYG are output. Therefore, by converting the image signals of the four colors of CMYG into the image signals of the three colors of RGB by the complementary color-primary color conversion, An image signal of each RGB color similar to that of the image sensor 44 can be obtained.
- the image pickup sensor 44 is driven and controlled by the image pickup control unit 45.
- the control in the image pickup control unit 45 is different for each mode. In the normal light mode, the image pickup control unit 45 controls the image pickup sensor 44 so as to take an image of the observation target illuminated by the normal light.
- the Bc image signal is output from the B pixel of the image sensor 44
- the Gc image signal is output from the G pixel
- the Rc image signal is output from the R pixel.
- the image pickup control unit 45 controls the image pickup sensor 44 and controls the image pickup sensor 44 so as to take an image of an observation target illuminated by the special light.
- the Bs image signal is output from the B pixel of the image sensor 44
- the Gs image signal is output from the G pixel
- the Rs image signal is output from the R pixel.
- the CDS / AGC (Correlated Double Sampling / Automatic Gain Control) circuit 46 performs correlated double sampling (CDS) and automatic gain control (AGC) on the analog image signal obtained from the image sensor 44.
- CDS correlated double sampling
- AGC automatic gain control
- the image signal that has passed through the CDS / AGC circuit 46 is converted into a digital image signal by the A / D (Analog / Digital) converter 48.
- the digital image signal after A / D conversion is input to the processor device 16.
- the processor device 16 includes an image acquisition unit 50, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 52, a noise reduction unit 54, an image processing switching unit 56, an image processing unit 58, and a video signal generation unit 60.
- the image processing unit 58 includes a normal optical image generation unit 62, a special optical image generation unit 64, and a disease-related processing unit 66.
- programs related to various processes are stored in a program storage memory (not shown).
- the functions of the image acquisition unit 50, the noise reduction unit 54, the image processing switching unit 56, the image processing unit 58, and the video signal generation unit 60 are realized.
- the functions of the normal optical image generation unit 62, the special optical image generation unit 64, and the disease-related processing unit 66 included in the image processing unit 58 are realized.
- the image acquisition unit 50 acquires an image signal of an endoscope image, which is one of the medical images input from the endoscope 12.
- the acquired image signal is transmitted to the DSP 52.
- the DSP 52 performs various signal processing such as defect correction processing, offset processing, gain correction processing, linear matrix processing, gamma conversion processing, demosaic processing, and YC conversion processing on the received image signal.
- defect correction process the signal of the defective pixel of the image sensor 44 is corrected.
- the offset processing the dark current component is removed from the image signal subjected to the defect correction processing, and an accurate zero level is set.
- the gain correction process adjusts the signal level of each image signal by multiplying the image signal of each color after the offset process by a specific gain.
- the image signal of each color after the gain correction processing is subjected to linear matrix processing for enhancing color reproducibility.
- each image signal After that, the brightness and saturation of each image signal are adjusted by gamma conversion processing.
- the image signal after the linear matrix processing is subjected to demosaic processing (also referred to as isotropic processing or simultaneous processing), and a signal of the missing color of each pixel is generated by interpolation.
- demosaic processing also referred to as isotropic processing or simultaneous processing
- all pixels have signals of each color of RGB.
- the DSP 52 performs YC conversion processing on each image signal after demosaic processing, and outputs the luminance signal Y, the color difference signal Cb, and the color difference signal Cr to the noise reduction unit 54.
- the noise reduction unit 54 performs noise reduction processing by, for example, a moving average method, a median filter method, or the like on an image signal that has been demosaic processed by DSP 56.
- the image signal with reduced noise is input to the image processing switching unit 56.
- the image processing switching unit 56 may send the image signal from the noise reduction unit 54 to any of the normal optical image generation unit 62, the special optical image generation unit 64, and the disease-related processing unit 66. Switch to. Specifically, when the normal light mode is set, the image signal from the noise reduction unit 54 is input to the normal light image generation unit 62. When the special light mode is set, the image signal from the noise reduction unit 54 is input to the special light image generation unit 64. When the disease-related processing mode is set, the image signal from the noise reduction unit 54 is input to the disease-related processing unit 66.
- the normal optical image generation unit 62 performs normal light image image processing on the input Rc image signal, Gc image signal, and Bc image signal for one frame.
- Image processing for ordinary optical images includes 3 ⁇ 3 matrix processing, gradation conversion processing, color conversion processing such as three-dimensional LUT (Look Up Table) processing, color enhancement processing, and structure enhancement processing such as spatial frequency enhancement. Is done.
- the Rc image signal, Gc image signal, and Bc image signal that have been subjected to image processing for a normal optical image are input to the video signal generation unit 60 as a normal light image.
- the special light image generation unit 64 performs special light image image processing on the input Rs image signal, Gs image signal, and Bs image signal for one frame.
- Image processing for special optical images includes 3x3 matrix processing, gradation conversion processing, color conversion processing such as 3D LUT (Look Up Table) processing, color enhancement processing, and structure enhancement processing such as spatial frequency enhancement. Is done.
- the Rs image signal, Gs image signal, and Bs image signal that have been subjected to image processing for special light images are input to the video signal generation unit 60 as special light images.
- the disease-related processing unit 66 performs disease-related processing based on a special optical image which is one of the medical images. Specifically, the disease-related processing unit 66 calculates an index value regarding the stage of ulcerative colitis based on the density of superficial blood vessels, intramucosal hemorrhage, and extramucosal hemorrhage obtained from a special optical image. At least one of determining the stage of colitis or determining pathological remission or non-remission of ulcerative colitis is performed. Information about the determination result is input to the video signal generation unit 60. Details of the disease-related processing unit 66 will be described later. In the first to third embodiments, a case where the disease-related processing unit 66 determines pathological remission or pathological non-remission of ulcerative colitis will be described.
- the video signal generation unit 60 converts the information regarding the normal light image, the special light image, or the determination result output from the image processing unit 58 into a video signal that can be displayed in full color on the monitor 18.
- the converted video signal is input to the monitor 18.
- the monitor 18 displays information on the normal light image, the special light image, or the determination result.
- the inventor of the ulcerative colitis to be determined by the disease-related processing unit 66 changes the pattern of the vascular structure as the severity worsens. Are finding out.
- the pattern of superficial blood vessels is regular (Fig. 7 (A)), or the pattern of superficial blood vessels is regular. There is some turbulence in the large intestine (FIG. 7 (B)).
- ulcerative colitis is pathologically non-resolving and the severity is mild, superficial blood vessels are locally dense (FIG. 7 (C)).
- the disease-related processing unit 66 determines pathological remission or non-pathological remission of ulcerative colitis based on a special optical image which is one of the medical images by utilizing the pattern change of the vascular structure.
- “dense superficial blood vessels” refers to a state in which superficial blood vessels meander and gather, and in appearance on the image, many superficial blood vessels surround the intestinal gland bulk (crypt) (see FIG. 8). It means that you are.
- “Intramucosal bleeding” means that bleeding in the mucosal tissue (see FIG. 7) requires differentiation from bleeding into the lumen.
- “Intramucosal bleeding” refers to bleeding that is not in the mucosa (lumen, pleated hole) in appearance on the image.
- Extramucosal bleeding refers to a small amount of blood into the lumen, the lumen in front of the endoscope even after cleaning the lumen, or the blood that oozes out of the mucosa and is visible, or on the hemorrhagic mucosa. Blood in the lumen with bleeding.
- the disease-related processing unit 66 performs disease-related processing based on the special optical image. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, the disease-related processing unit 66 includes a blood vessel extraction unit 70 that extracts blood vessels such as surface blood vessels, intramucosal bleeding, and extramucosal bleeding from a special optical image, and the extracted blood vessels. Based on this, it has a determination unit 72 for determining pathological remission or non-pathological remission of ulcerative colitis.
- a blood vessel extraction unit 70 that extracts blood vessels such as surface blood vessels, intramucosal bleeding, and extramucosal bleeding from a special optical image, and the extracted blood vessels. Based on this, it has a determination unit 72 for determining pathological remission or non-pathological remission of ulcerative colitis.
- the blood vessel extraction unit 70 extracts the density of superficial blood vessels, intramucosal hemorrhage, and extramucosal hemorrhage as blood vessels based on at least one of the frequency characteristic and the brightness value obtained from the special light image.
- the determination unit 72 uses the index values obtained based on the area of dense surface blood vessels, the area of intramucosal hemorrhage, and the area of extramucosal hemorrhage in the special optical image to pathologically relieve or pathologically ulcerative colitis. Judge non-remission.
- the index value is preferably a value obtained by adding up the area of dense surface blood vessels, the area of intramucosal hemorrhage, and extramucosal hemorrhage.
- the determination unit 72 determines that ulcerative colitis is pathological remission when the index value is less than the threshold value, and ulcerative colitis is pathological non-relief when the index value is more than the threshold value. Judge that there is.
- the above information regarding the determination by the determination unit 72 is displayed on the monitor 18 and used for the determination of pathological remission or pathological non-remission of ulcerative colitis by the user.
- the determination unit 72 determines that ulcerative colitis is a pathological remission, a message to that effect is displayed on the monitor 18 as shown in FIG.
- a special optical image in which the observation target is enlarged at an appropriate magnification.
- the observation target is a special light image obtained by imaging an observation target illuminated by illumination light including a short wavelength narrow band light like the special light of the present embodiment, and the observation target is the first. It is preferable to use a special optical image magnified at a magnification of 2 or less, which is greater than or equal to the magnification of 1 and larger than the first magnification.
- the narrow band light is light having a half-value width of 40 nm or less, or light emitted as it is from a semiconductor light source such as an LED or LD (for example, “purple light V" of the first embodiment, the third embodiment.
- a semiconductor light source such as an LED or LD
- LED or LD for example, "purple light V" of the first embodiment, the third embodiment.
- Light from “purple laser light”, “blue laser light”, etc.) or wideband light such as white light cut out by a filter for example, “blue narrow band light", “green narrow band light” of the second embodiment. Light ").
- the blood vessel extraction unit 70 When blood vessel extraction is performed by the blood vessel extraction unit 70 for a special light image based on illumination light including a short wavelength narrow band light, the surface blood vessels, intramucosal bleeding, and extramucosal bleeding extracted by the blood vessel extraction unit 70
- the extraction accuracy is higher than the accuracy of blood vessel extraction performed on an image based on light that does not contain short wavelength narrow band light.
- the first enlargement ratio is preferably 5 times or more
- the second enlargement ratio is preferably 135 times (when the monitor 18 is 19 inches) to 230 times (when the monitor 18 is 32 inches) or less. ..
- the reason for increasing the first enlargement ratio by 5 times is as follows.
- microvessels such as superficial blood vessels, intramucosal hemorrhage, and extramucosal hemorrhage
- distant view imaging or low-magnification imaging such that the thickness of the microvessels is within one pixel of the monitor 18 is performed.
- the blood vessel thickness is extracted as one pixel even though the actual blood vessel thickness is within one pixel.
- the thickness is actually represented by one pixel (“PX”).
- the blood vessel extraction unit 70 extracts the blood vessel VC having a thickness of less than 1 pixel as 1 pixel.
- the blood vessel VC is extracted for 12 pixels, and the blood vessel density becomes 12/72. That is, by extracting the blood vessel VC having a thickness of less than 1 pixel as one pixel, the actual area of the blood vessel will be different. This is one of the causes for lowering the accuracy of the determination result by the determination unit 72.
- the blood vessel VC is actually 24 pixels and the blood vessel density is 24.
- the blood vessel VC is extracted for 24 pixels, and the blood vessel density becomes 24/288.
- the area of the extracted blood vessel becomes the same as the actual area, so that the accuracy of the determination result by the determination unit 72 can be improved.
- the reason for reducing the second enlargement ratio to 135 times or less is as follows.
- the second magnification is 135 times or less and 40 times, as shown in FIG. 13, the point PT whose pathological score is in the pathological remission region is distributed in the index value of 20000 or less.
- the point PT whose pathological score is in the pathological non-resolving region is distributed in the index value of 20000 or more.
- the index value can distinguish between the pathological remission group including the point PT in the pathological remission region and the pathological non-relief group including the point PT in the pathological non-relief region.
- the determination unit 72 can make a determination.
- the second enlargement ratio is preferably 135 times or less.
- the second enlargement ratio is preferably 135 times or less, but when the monitor 18 is 19 inches or more, the second enlargement ratio is 135 times or more. May be good.
- the second enlargement ratio in the case of 19 inches is converted into the second enlargement ratio in the case of 32 inches, and the second enlargement ratio is 230 times or less (). 135 times (for 19 inches) x 39.83 (for 32 inches width) ⁇ 23.65 (for 19 inches width)).
- the enlarged region is the region RH where the blood vessel density is locally high and the blood vessel density is locally high.
- the area of blood vessels to be extracted differs between the lower region RL and the lower region RL.
- the second enlargement ratio exceeds 135 times to 230 times, the enlarged image includes only one of the area RL and the area RH, not the average area of the area RL and the area RH.
- the determination unit 72 Judgment accuracy is low.
- the observation target is irradiated with special light including short-wavelength narrow-band light.
- the zoom operation unit 12h is operated to set the magnification of the observation target to be equal to or higher than the first magnification and less than the second magnification.
- the endoscope 12 obtains a special light image, which is one of the endoscopic images (medical images), by imaging the observation target illuminated by the special light.
- the image acquisition unit 50 acquires a special light image from the endoscope 12.
- the blood vessel extraction unit 70 extracts dense surface blood vessels, intramucosal bleeding, and extramucosal bleeding as blood vessels based on the frequency characteristics or brightness values obtained from the special optical image.
- the determination unit 72 uses the index values obtained based on the area of dense surface blood vessels, the area of intramucosal hemorrhage, and the area of extramucosal hemorrhage in the special optical image to pathologically relieve or pathologically ulcerative colitis. Judge non-remission. Information about the determination by the determination unit 72 is displayed on the monitor 18.
- a broadband light source such as a xenon lamp and a rotation filter are used to illuminate the observation target.
- a monochrome image sensor is used to image the observation target. Other than that, it is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the light source device 14 is provided with a wideband light source 102, a rotation filter 104, and a filter switching unit 105 in place of the four-color LEDs 20a to 20e.
- the image pickup optical system 30b is provided with a monochrome image pickup sensor 106 without a color filter instead of the color image pickup sensor 44.
- the broadband light source 102 is a xenon lamp, a white LED, or the like, and emits white light having a wavelength range ranging from blue to red.
- the rotation filter 104 is provided with a filter 107 for a normal light mode and a filter 108 for a special light mode and a disease-related processing mode in order from the inside (see FIG. 14).
- the filter switching unit 105 moves the rotary filter 104 in the radial direction, and when the mode switching SW12f sets the normal light mode, the filter 107 for the normal light mode is inserted into the optical path of white light, and the special light mode is used.
- the special light mode and the disease-related processing mode filter 108 are inserted into the optical path of white light.
- the filter 107 for the normal light mode includes a B filter 107a that transmits wideband blue light B of white light and a G filter that transmits wideband green light G of white light along the circumferential direction. 107b and an R filter 107c that transmits wideband red light R among white light are provided. Therefore, in the normal light mode, the rotation of the rotation filter 104 alternately irradiates the observation target with the wideband blue light B, the wideband green light G, and the wideband red light R as normal light.
- the filters 108 for the special light mode and the disease-related processing mode include a Bn filter 108a that transmits blue narrow-band light of white light and a Gn filter that transmits green narrow-band light of white light along the circumferential direction. 108b is provided. Therefore, in the special light mode or the disease-related processing mode, the rotation filter 104 rotates to alternately irradiate the observation target with blue narrow-band light as short-wavelength narrow-band light and green narrow-band light as special light.
- the wavelength band of the blue narrow band light is preferably 400 to 450 nm
- the wavelength band of the green narrow band light is preferably 540 to 560 nm.
- the observation target is imaged by the monochrome image pickup sensor 106 every time the observation target is illuminated by the broadband blue light B, the broadband green light G, and the broadband red light R.
- a Bc image signal, a Gc image signal, and an Rc image signal can be obtained.
- a normal optical image is generated by the same method as in the first embodiment.
- the observation target is imaged by the monochrome imaging sensor 106 each time the observation target is illuminated by the blue narrow band light and the green narrow band light.
- a Bs image signal and a Gs image signal can be obtained.
- a special optical image is generated by the same method as in the first embodiment.
- the central wavelength 405 corresponding to the short wavelength narrow band light is used.
- a purple laser light source unit 203 (denoted as “405LD”; LD stands for “Laser Diode”) that emits a purple laser light of ⁇ 10 nm, and a blue laser light source (“445LD”” that emits a blue laser light having a center wavelength of 445 ⁇ 10 nm. Notation) 204 is provided.
- the light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting elements of the light source units 204 and 206 is individually controlled by the light source control unit 208.
- the light source control unit 208 lights the blue laser light source unit 204 in the normal light mode.
- the purple laser light source unit 203 and the blue laser light source unit 204 are turned on at the same time.
- the half-value width of the purple laser light or the blue laser light is preferably about ⁇ 10 nm.
- a broad area type InGaN-based laser diode can be used, and an InGaN As-based laser diode or a GaN As-based laser diode can also be used.
- a light emitting body such as a light emitting diode may be used.
- the illumination optical system 30a is provided with a phosphor 210 to which the purple laser light or the blue laser light from the light guide 25 is incident.
- the phosphor 210 is excited by a blue laser beam and emits fluorescence. Therefore, the blue laser light corresponds to the excitation light. Further, a part of the blue laser light is transmitted without exciting the phosphor 210.
- the blue laser light is mainly incident on the phosphor 210, as shown in FIG. 20, the blue laser light and the fluorescence excited and emitted from the phosphor 210 by the blue laser light are combined.
- Normal light is illuminated on the observation target.
- a normal light image including a Bc image signal, a Gc image signal, and an Rc image signal can be obtained.
- the purple laser light and the blue laser light are simultaneously incident on the phosphor 210, so that, as shown in FIG. 21, in addition to the purple laser light and the blue laser light, purple Pseudo-white light containing fluorescence that is excited and emitted from the phosphor 210 by the laser light and the blue laser light is emitted as special light.
- a special light image including a Bs image signal, a Gs image signal, and an Rs image signal can be obtained.
- the pseudo white light may be a combination of purple light V, blue light B, green light G, and red light emitted from V-LED20a, B-LED20b, G-LED20c, and R-LED20d.
- the phosphor 210 is a plurality of types of phosphors that absorb a part of the blue laser light and excite and emit light from green to yellow (for example, a YKG-based phosphor or a phosphor such as BAM (BaMgAl 10 O 17 )). It is preferable to use one composed of.
- a semiconductor light emitting element is used as an excitation light source for the phosphor 210 as in this configuration example, high-intensity white light can be obtained with high luminous efficiency, the intensity of white light can be easily adjusted, and the color of white light can be adjusted. Changes in temperature and chromaticity can be kept small.
- the present invention is applied to an endoscopic system that processes an endoscopic image, which is one of medical images, but medical images other than the endoscopic image are processed.
- the present invention can also be applied to a medical image processing system.
- the present invention can also be applied to a diagnostic support device for providing diagnostic support to a user using a medical image.
- the present invention can also be applied to a medical work support device for supporting medical work such as a diagnostic report using a medical image.
- the diagnostic support device 600 is used in combination with a modality such as a medical image processing system 602 and a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) 604.
- a modality such as a medical image processing system 602 and a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) 604.
- the medical business support device 610 includes various inspection devices such as the first medical image processing system 621, the second medical image processing system 622, ..., The Nth medical image processing system 623, and an arbitrary network. Connect via 626.
- the medical business support device 610 receives medical images from the first to Nth medical image processing systems 621, 622 ..., 623, and supports the medical business based on the received medical images.
- a processing unit that executes various processes such as a normal optical image generation unit 62, a special optical image generation unit 64, a disease-related processing unit 66, a blood vessel extraction unit 70, and a determination unit 72 included in the image processing unit 58.
- the hardware structure of (processing unit) is various processors as shown below.
- the circuit configuration is changed after manufacturing the CPU (Central Processing Unit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc., which are general-purpose processors that execute software (programs) and function as various processing units. It includes a programmable logic device (PLD), which is a possible processor, a dedicated electric circuit, which is a processor having a circuit configuration specially designed for executing various processes, and the like.
- PLD programmable logic device
- One processing unit may be composed of one of these various processors, or may be composed of a combination of two or more processors of the same type or different types (for example, a plurality of FPGAs or a combination of a CPU and an FPGA). May be done. Further, a plurality of processing units may be configured by one processor. As an example of configuring a plurality of processing units with one processor, first, as represented by a computer such as a client or a server, one processor is configured by a combination of one or more CPUs and software. There is a form in which this processor functions as a plurality of processing units.
- SoC System On Chip
- a processor that realizes the functions of the entire system including a plurality of processing units with one IC (Integrated Circuit) chip is used.
- the various processing units are configured by using one or more of the above-mentioned various processors as a hardware-like structure.
- the hardware structure of these various processors is, more specifically, an electric circuit in the form of a combination of circuit elements such as semiconductor elements.
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| JP2012152279A (ja) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Fujifilm Corp | 内視鏡装置 |
| JP2014212925A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-11-17 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 画像処理装置及び内視鏡システムの作動方法 |
| JP2019042157A (ja) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-22 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 医療画像処理装置、内視鏡装置、診断支援装置、及び、医療業務支援装置 |
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| JP6616071B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2019-12-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 内視鏡用のプロセッサ装置、内視鏡用のプロセッサ装置の作動方法、内視鏡用の制御プログラム |
| IT201700083055A1 (it) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-20 | Laura Stronati | “uso della proteina inibitore 2 della dissociazione di rho gdp come marcatore diagnostico e prognostico delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali” |
| JP6858672B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2021-04-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 医療画像処理システム及び内視鏡システム |
| CN107950472A (zh) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-24 | 大理大学 | 一种溃疡性结肠炎动物模型的构建方法和应用 |
| CN114521122A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-05-20 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 图像处理装置、内窥镜系统及图像处理的工作方法 |
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| JP2012152279A (ja) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Fujifilm Corp | 内視鏡装置 |
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| JP2019042157A (ja) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-22 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 医療画像処理装置、内視鏡装置、診断支援装置、及び、医療業務支援装置 |
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