WO2021004064A1 - 一种光固化型3d打印装置 - Google Patents

一种光固化型3d打印装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021004064A1
WO2021004064A1 PCT/CN2020/075473 CN2020075473W WO2021004064A1 WO 2021004064 A1 WO2021004064 A1 WO 2021004064A1 CN 2020075473 W CN2020075473 W CN 2020075473W WO 2021004064 A1 WO2021004064 A1 WO 2021004064A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
light
curing
printing device
photosensitive resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/075473
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯锋
Original Assignee
上海普利生机电科技有限公司
上海普利生信息科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021004064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021004064A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/25—Housings, e.g. machine housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional (3D) printing device, in particular to a light curing type 3D printing device.
  • 3D printing technology is based on a computer three-dimensional design model.
  • the model is layered through software, and special materials such as metal powder, ceramic powder, plastic, and cell tissue are stacked and bonded layer by layer using laser beams, hot melt nozzles, etc., and finally Overlay molding to manufacture physical products.
  • 3D printing converts three-dimensional entities into several two-dimensional planes, which are produced by processing materials and superimposing them layer by layer.
  • This digital manufacturing mode does not require complicated processes, large machine tools, or a lot of manpower. Parts of any shape can be generated directly from computer graphics data, so that manufacturing can be extended to a wider range of production groups.
  • the photo-curing method uses the principle that photosensitive materials (usually photosensitive resins) are cured after being irradiated by ultraviolet lasers to perform material accumulation molding. It has the characteristics of high molding accuracy, good surface finish, and high material utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a light-curing 3D printing device.
  • the 3D printing device 100 includes a liquid tank 110 for accommodating photosensitive resin, an optical system 120 for curing the photosensitive resin, and a lifting platform 130 for connecting molding workpieces.
  • the optical system 120 is located under the liquid tank 110 and can irradiate a light beam pattern to cure a layer of photosensitive resin on the bottom surface of the liquid tank 110, and the cured photosensitive resin will be bonded to the bottom surface of the lifting platform 130.
  • the lifting platform 130 will slightly rise to lift the cured layer of photosensitive resin and allow the photosensitive resin that is still liquid to flow into the bottom contact layer of the liquid tank 110 Wait for the next irradiation between the cured resin. In this way, the three-dimensional model is printed layer by layer from the top layer to the bottom layer, and the formed three-dimensional workpiece is accumulated.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light curing type 3D printing device to reduce the lifting pressure of the lifting platform and ensure the integrity of the formed workpiece.
  • the present invention provides a light-curing 3D printing device, including: a housing in which liquid photosensitive resin for molding a workpiece is contained, wherein the inside of the housing is in a low-pressure environment;
  • the lifting platform is arranged in the shell and is used to carry the molded workpiece;
  • the driving mechanism drives the lifting platform to move up and down;
  • the optical system located under the shell, can irradiate the beam pattern to make the bottom layer of the shell
  • the photosensitive resin is controllably cured.
  • the bottom of the housing has a contact layer, and the contact layer is a non-stick material.
  • the driving mechanism is a step or servo motor, and the step or servo motor is connected to the lifting platform through a screw.
  • the drive mechanism is located above the liquid photosensitive resin inside the housing, and the housing is provided with a vacuum hole, the vacuum hole is connected to a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is used to The inside of the shell is pumped with low air pressure or vacuum lower than atmospheric pressure.
  • the vacuum hole is further connected to a vacuum gauge, and the vacuum gauge is used to measure the vacuum degree inside the housing.
  • an exhaust hole is further included. After the printing task is completed, the exhaust hole is opened to release the low-pressure environment inside the housing.
  • the housing includes an openable panel or cover, and the panel or cover is hermetically connected with the housing body through a sealing rubber ring.
  • the driving mechanism is located outside the housing, and the housing is filled with liquid photosensitive resin, and the housing is also connected to a piston which is in contact with the liquid photosensitive resin.
  • the piston is connected to a driver, and the driver drives the piston to reciprocate.
  • it further includes a storage box in which liquid photosensitive resin is stored, and the stored liquid photosensitive resin can be injected into the housing.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention keeps the inside of the housing containing the liquid photosensitive resin in a low-pressure environment, reduces the atmospheric pressure received by the printed parts, and enables the lifting platform to drive the molded workpiece to leave easily
  • the bottom surface of the liquid tank protects the success rate and integrity of the formed workpiece and improves the quality of the formed workpiece.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a light-curing 3D printing device
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a schematic structural diagram of a light-curing 3D printing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a schematic structural diagram of the light-curing 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the schematic structural view of the light-curing 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a schematic three-dimensional structure of the light-curing 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary process of printing by a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary process included in step 630 in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a schematic structural view of a light-curing 3D printing device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary process of printing by a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a flowchart is used in the present invention to illustrate the operations performed according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed exactly in order. Instead, the various steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. At the same time, or add other operations to these processes, or remove a certain step or several steps from these processes.
  • the light curing type 3D printing device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing, a lifting platform, a driving mechanism, and an optical system.
  • the housing contains liquid photosensitive resin for forming the workpiece, and the interior of the housing is in a low-pressure environment; the lifting platform is arranged in the housing to carry the forming workpiece; the driving mechanism can drive the lifting platform to move up and down; the optical system is located in the housing Under the body, a beam pattern can be irradiated, so that a layer of photosensitive resin at the bottom of the shell can be controlled and cured.
  • the bottom surface of the housing is usually a light-transmitting material, such as glass.
  • the bottom surface of the housing can be completely or partially composed of light-transmitting materials.
  • the optical system located under the casing irradiates a beam pattern toward the bottom surface of the casing, and the light beam passes through the light-transmitting material and irradiates the photosensitive resin on the inner bottom surface of the casing.
  • the photosensitive resin is cured according to the irradiated beam pattern.
  • the cured thickness (layer thickness) of the liquid photosensitive resin is determined by the distance between the molded workpiece and the contact layer on the bottom surface of the liquid tank 110.
  • a contact layer is provided on the lower surface inside the housing that is in contact with the liquid photosensitive resin, and the contact layer is a release film made of a non-stick material.
  • the contact layer can prevent the cured resin from adhering to the lower surface inside the casing, and allows the cured resin to be easily peeled from the lower surface inside the casing under the action of external force.
  • a solution of directly plating a non-stick layer on the glass is often used.
  • the driving mechanism in the 3D printing device will not be subjected to pressure from atmospheric pressure on the printed workpiece during the process of driving the lifting platform for lifting motion . Therefore, the lifting platform can conveniently drive the cured resin to rise or fall, thereby avoiding the integrity of the molded workpiece from being damaged.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of a schematic structural diagram of a light-curing 3D printing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the housing 210 in the light-curing 3D printing device is a closed box.
  • the optical system 220 is located below the housing 210 and has a certain distance from the housing 210. It is understandable that the shape of the housing 210 can be a regular or irregular cube, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the schematic diagram of FIG. 2 is not used to limit the shape of the housing 210 in the photocurable 3D printing device of the present invention.
  • the remaining parts may be made of light-transmitting material or non-light-transmitting material.
  • the advantage of using a transparent material is to facilitate the observation of the internal operation of the housing 210.
  • the advantage of using an opaque material is that stray light can be prevented from entering the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 is made of a combination of a transparent material and an opaque material.
  • a panel 211 with a handle on the front of the housing 210 there is a panel 211 with a handle on the front of the housing 210, and the panel 211 can be opened and closed.
  • a cover 212 At the top of the housing 210 is a cover 212 that can be opened and closed.
  • the panel 211 and the cover plate 212 are both sealed and connected by a sealing rubber ring.
  • the cover plate of the housing 210 may be fixed on the housing 210. Regardless of the manner in which the panel 211 and the cover 212 are arranged on the housing 210, the airtightness of the interior of the housing 210 should be ensured when the panel 211 and/or the cover 212 are closed.
  • the vacuum hole 213 there is a vacuum hole 213 on the housing 210 on the side of the panel 211.
  • the vacuum hole 213 may be located at other positions on the housing 210.
  • the vacuum hole 213 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown), and the vacuum pump is used to pump the inside of the housing 210 to a low pressure state lower than the atmospheric pressure, so that the housing 210 is in a low pressure environment.
  • the vacuum pump can pump the inside of the housing 210 into a vacuum.
  • the vacuum hole 213 is also connected to a vacuum gauge (not shown), which is used to measure the vacuum degree inside the housing 210 and can be used to indicate and control the operation of the vacuum pump.
  • a vacuum gauge (not shown), which is used to measure the vacuum degree inside the housing 210 and can be used to indicate and control the operation of the vacuum pump.
  • the exhaust hole 214 there is an exhaust hole 214 on the housing 210 on the side of the panel 211.
  • the exhaust hole 214 may be located at other positions on the housing 210. After the three-dimensional model is printed in the housing 210, the exhaust hole 214 may be opened to relieve the low-pressure environment inside the housing 210.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a schematic structural diagram of the light curing type 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2.
  • the housing 210 of this embodiment includes a liquid tank 215 for containing liquid photosensitive resin, a lifting platform 230 and a driving mechanism 240.
  • the driving mechanism 240 is connected to the lifting platform 230 through a screw 241, and can drive the lifting platform 230 to reciprocate in a vertical direction through the screw 241.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the schematic structural diagram of the light curing type 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2.
  • a light-transmitting portion 217 at the bottom of the exterior of the housing 210 of this embodiment.
  • the light emitted from the optical system 220 can pass through the light-transmitting portion 217, so that a layer of liquid photosensitive resin inside the housing 210 is cured according to the light pattern.
  • the figure shown in FIG. 4 is only for illustration and is not used to limit the shape and size of the light-transmitting portion 217.
  • the light-transmitting portion 217 is rectangular, and the bottom of the housing 210 surrounds the light-transmitting portion 217 with an opaque material, which can prevent stray light from entering the bottom of the housing 210.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a schematic structural view of the light-curing 3D printing device shown in FIG. 2.
  • the bottom of the housing 210 has a liquid tank 215 for containing liquid photosensitive resin.
  • a scraper 250 is provided above the liquid tank 215.
  • the driving mechanism 240 is located inside the housing 210 and above the liquid photosensitive resin, that is, the driving mechanism 240 is located above the liquid tank 215 and the scraper 250.
  • the lifting platform 230 is also located inside the housing 210 and is connected with the driving mechanism 240.
  • the housing 210 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure. Since the driving mechanism 240 is arranged at the back plate of the housing 210 opposite to the panel 211, and the position is relatively high, the part of the cover plate 212 of the housing 210 close to the panel 211 is a lower flat plate, and the part close to the back plate is A taller plate, the entire cover plate 212 is in the shape of a step with a low front and a high rear.
  • the shapes shown in FIGS. 2-5 are not intended to limit the shape of the cover plate 212 of the 3D printing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary process of printing by a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the 3D printing devices of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2-5 can all print the three-dimensional model according to the process steps shown in FIG. 6.
  • the printing process includes the following steps:
  • Step 610 inject the liquid photosensitive resin required for printing into the liquid tank in the casing, and close the panel and/or cover of the casing.
  • the liquid photosensitive resin sufficient to print the required three-dimensional model is injected into the liquid tank 215 in the housing 210, and the panel 211 and/or the cover 212 of the housing 210 are closed to make the inside of the housing 210 appear Closed state.
  • Step 620 using a vacuum pump to vacuum the inside of the housing through the vacuum hole on the housing.
  • a vacuum gauge connected to the vacuum hole 213 is used to detect the air pressure inside the housing 210 to ensure that the air pressure inside the housing 210 is lower during the three-dimensional printing process.
  • the air pressure should Between 0-0.5 atmospheres.
  • Step 630 Start printing the 3D model layer by layer.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary process included in step 630 in FIG. 6.
  • step 630 may include the following steps:
  • step 631 at the beginning of printing, the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 so that the distance between the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is equal to the thickness of a layer of the three-dimensional model.
  • step 632 the optical system 220 irradiates a light beam below the housing 210 according to the slice image of the topmost layer of the three-dimensional model to be printed to cure the first layer of photosensitive resin to form a first layer of printing surface.
  • Step 633 in some embodiments, after a layer of printing surface is formed, the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 to rise upward, and the lifting platform 230 drives the cured resin to rise for a certain distance and stop.
  • the squeegee 250 in the 3D printing device starts to operate and moves from one end of the liquid tank 215 to the other end to clean the contact layer to facilitate printing on the printing surface of the next layer.
  • the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 down to a proper position, so that the distance between the cured resin on the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is equal to the thickness of a printing surface. So in the next light printing, the next layer of cured resin can be connected with the previous layer of cured resin. Due to the use of the scraper 250, the contact layer can be kept clean and the quality of the formed workpiece can be improved.
  • the squeegee 250 may not be needed.
  • the driving mechanism 240 can drive the lifting platform 230 to rise a distance greater than the thickness of the printing surface, and then lower it. The distance to the liquid surface is equal to the thickness of the printing surface of a layer of 3D model.
  • step 634 the optical system 220 irradiates the light beam below the housing 210 according to the pattern of the slice image of the next layer in the three-dimensional model, so that a layer of photosensitive resin at the bottom of the housing 210 is cured.
  • step 640 after the printing of the entire three-dimensional model is completed, the vent on the housing is opened.
  • the driving mechanism 240 may be a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the stepping motor or the servo motor is connected to the lifting platform 230 through a screw 241.
  • the lifting platform 230 can slide up and down along the lead screw 241 under the drive of a stepping motor or a servo motor.
  • This embodiment of the present invention provides a light-curing 3D printing device that keeps the inside of the housing containing the liquid photosensitive resin in a low-pressure environment, eliminating the large atmospheric pressure that the liquid photosensitive resin and the lifting platform are subjected to,
  • the lifting platform can drive the formed workpiece to leave the bottom surface of the liquid tank easily, thereby protecting the integrity of the formed workpiece and improving the quality of the formed workpiece.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a schematic structural diagram of a light-curing 3D printing device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Its advantage is that after the lifting platform 230 is separated from the inner bottom surface of the housing 210, the liquid resin can be pressed into the gap between the lifting platform 230 and the inner bottom surface of the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 of the 3D printing device is a closed container, and the housing 210 is filled with liquid photosensitive resin, and the inside of the housing 210 is still in a low-pressure environment.
  • the housing 210 is connected to a piston 260. As shown in FIG.
  • the raised portion 216 there is a raised portion 216 near the bottom of the housing 210, the raised portion 216 is integral with the housing 210, and the piston 260 is located in the raised portion 216.
  • the plug 261 of the piston 260 is in contact with the liquid photosensitive resin in the housing 210.
  • the plug 261 matches the protrusion 216 of the housing 210 so that the liquid photosensitive resin in the housing 210 does not flow from one side of the plug 261 to the other side.
  • the plug rod 262 can be connected to a driver (not shown), and the driver can drive the plug rod 262 to drive the plug portion 261 to reciprocate together in the protrusion 216.
  • the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 8 does not limit the position of the protrusion 216.
  • the position of the protrusion 216 is close to the bottom of the housing 210.
  • the driver drives the piston 260 to move away from the housing 210, the negative pressure in the housing 210 increases to facilitate the separation of the workpiece and the contact layer; when the driver drives the piston 260 to move in the direction of the housing 210, the inside of the housing 210 The positive pressure is increased, so that the liquid photosensitive resin flows into the gap between the workpiece and the contact layer formed after the lifting platform 230 rises, which is beneficial to speed up printing.
  • the 3D printing apparatus further includes a driving mechanism 240 located outside the housing 210.
  • the driving mechanism 240 is connected to the lifting platform 230 located inside the housing 210 through a screw 241.
  • a storage box 270 is also included outside the housing 210, and the liquid photosensitive resin is stored in the storage box 270.
  • the storage box 270 is connected to the housing 210. When printing is required, the liquid photosensitive resin stored in it can be injected into the housing 210. After printing, the remaining liquid photosensitive resin is drawn back to the storage box 270 for easy removal. Printout.
  • the parts where these components are connected to the housing 210 must be airtight, so that the housing 210 maintains the set low air pressure during the printing process of the 3D printing device.
  • both the driving mechanism 240 and the driver may be a stepper motor or a servo motor.
  • the 3D printing device further includes a liquid tank 215. Since the liquid photosensitive resin fills the inside of the housing 210, the liquid tank 215 corresponds to the entire space inside the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the bottom surface of the housing 210 that is, the side that needs to be illuminated by the optical system 220, needs to be completely or partially made of a transparent material, such as glass.
  • a contact layer is provided on the lower surface of the housing 210 that is in contact with the liquid photosensitive resin.
  • the rest of the housing 210 may be made of transparent material or opaque material.
  • the advantage of using a transparent material is to facilitate the observation of the internal operation of the housing 210.
  • the advantage of using an opaque material is that stray light can be prevented from entering the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 is made of a combination of a transparent material and an opaque material.
  • FIG. 8 What is shown in FIG. 8 is not used to limit the shape and size of the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 may also have other shapes that can achieve the purpose of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary process of printing by a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the 3D printing device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 can print the three-dimensional model according to the steps of the process shown in FIG. 9.
  • the printing process includes the following steps:
  • Step 910 filling the housing 210 with liquid photosensitive resin.
  • the storage box 270 and the housing 210 are connected by a pipeline, and the pipeline is located at the lower part of the storage box 270 and the housing 210.
  • the pipeline is located at the lower part of the storage box 270 and the housing 210.
  • the air release valve 272 can be opened first, and then the two-way transfer pump and valve assembly 271 can be opened; then the liquid photosensitive resin in the storage tank 270 can be injected into the housing 210, or the gas can be transferred to the storage tank 270. Inject air pressure into the top of the, press the liquid in the storage tank 270 into the housing 210; after the housing 210 is completely filled with liquid photosensitive resin, close the air release valve 272; finally close the bidirectional delivery pump and valve assembly 271.
  • Step 920 start printing.
  • the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 so that the distance between the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is equal to the thickness of a layer of the three-dimensional model.
  • the driver drives the plug 261 of the piston 260 to move in the direction of the housing 210 to generate positive pressure in the housing 210 to ensure that the gap between the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is filled with resin material.
  • step 930 the optical system 220 irradiates a light beam below the housing 210 according to the slice image of the topmost layer of the three-dimensional model to be printed, so as to cure the first layer of photosensitive resin to form the first layer of printing surface.
  • step 940 the driver drives the plug 261 of the piston 260 to move away from the housing 210, so that negative pressure is generated in the housing 210.
  • the pressure in the housing 210 can be measured by a pressure sensor (not shown).
  • the pressure reaches the set requirement (for example, 0-0.5 atmospheres)
  • the plug 261 stops moving.
  • the present invention does not limit the position of the pressure sensor.
  • step 950 the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 to a proper position so that the distance between the cured resin on the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is suitable for the inflow of the liquid photosensitive resin.
  • Step 960 the driver drives the plug 261 of the piston 260 to move in a direction close to the housing 210, so that a positive pressure is generated in the housing 210.
  • the pressure in the housing 210 can be measured by a pressure sensor (not shown).
  • the pressure reaches the set requirement (for example, 1-2 atmospheres)
  • the plug 261 stops moving.
  • step 970 the driving mechanism 240 drives the lifting platform 230 to descend so that the distance between the cured resin on the lifting platform 230 and the bottom surface of the liquid tank 215 is equal to the thickness of a printing surface.
  • step 980 the optical system 220 irradiates the light beam below the housing 210 according to the pattern of the slice image of the next layer in the three-dimensional model, so that a layer of photosensitive resin at the bottom of the housing 210 is cured. It also allows the next layer of cured resin to be connected with the previous layer of cured resin. Repeat the above steps 940 to 980 to print the three-dimensional model that needs to be printed layer by layer, until the shaped workpiece is finally obtained.
  • step 990 after the printing is completed, open the air release valve 272 and the two-way transfer pump and valve assembly 271, and transport the photosensitive resin material in the housing 210 back to the storage box 270, and wait until all the photosensitive resin materials are transported back to the storage box 270. Close the bidirectional delivery pump and valve assembly 271.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a light-curing 3D printing device that keeps the inside of the housing containing the liquid photosensitive resin in a low-pressure environment, and eliminates the atmospheric pressure received by the liquid photosensitive resin and the lifting platform as needed, so that the lifting platform It can drive the formed workpiece to leave the bottom surface of the liquid tank easily, thereby protecting the integrity of the formed workpiece and improving the quality of the formed workpiece.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种光固化型3D打印装置，包括：壳体，所述壳体内盛放有用于成型工件的液态光敏树脂，其中所述壳体内部为低气压环境；升降平台，设于壳体内，用于承载成型工件；驱动机构，驱动所述升降平台做升降运动；光学系统，位于所述壳体的下方，可照射出光束图案，使壳体内底部的一层光敏树脂被可控固化。

Description

一种光固化型3D打印装置 技术领域
本发明涉及三维(3D)打印装置，尤其是涉及一种光固化型3D打印装置。
背景技术
3D打印技术，是以计算机三维设计模型为蓝本，通过软件将模型分层，利用激光束、热熔喷嘴等方式将金属粉末、陶瓷粉末、塑料、细胞组织等特殊材料进行逐层堆积黏结，最终叠加成型，制造出实体产品。与传统制造业通过模具、车铣等机械加工方式对原材料进行定型、切削等方式生产最终成品不同，3D打印将三维实体变为若干个二维平面，通过对材料处理并逐层叠加进行生产，大大降低了制造的复杂度。这种数字化制造模式不需要复杂的工艺、不需要庞大的机床、不需要众多的人力，直接从计算机图形数据中便可生成任何形状的零件，使生产制造得以向更广的生产人群范围延伸。
目前3D打印技术的成型方式仍在不断演变，所使用的材料也多种多样。在各种成型方式中，光固化法是较为成熟的方式。光固化法是利用光敏材料(通常为光敏树脂)被紫外激光照射后发生固化的原理，进行材料累加成型，具有成型精度高、表面光洁度好、材料利用率高等特点。
图1为一种光固化型3D打印装置的基本结构示意图。该3D打印装置100包括用于容纳光敏树脂的盛液槽110、用于使光敏树脂固化的光学系统120、以及用于连接成型工件的升降平台130。光学系统120位于盛液槽110下方，并可照射光束图案使盛液槽110底面的一层光敏树脂被固化，固化后的光敏树脂将粘结在升降平台130的底面。每次光学系统120照射光束图案致使一层光敏树脂固化后，升降平台130都会略微上升以提拉固化的那层光敏树脂，并允许仍为液态的光敏树脂流入到盛液槽110的底部接触层和已固化树脂之间等待下一次照射。如此循环，从三维模型的最顶层至最底层逐层打印，累加得到成型的三维工件。
在升降平台130提升的过程中，已固化树脂与盛液槽110底面的接触层之间没有空气间隙，已固化树脂被大气压力压在接触层上。在大气压所形成的阻力和光固化树脂和盛液槽底面的固有粘接力的双重作用下，升降平台130提升 时很难将已固化树脂一起提升，部分固化的树脂会留在盛液槽110底面，导致成型工件出现缺陷。可以通过在盛液槽110底面增加不粘层来缓解光固化树脂和盛液槽110底面的固有粘接力，但是当曝光面积较大时，大气压力将会是造成盛液槽110底面的接触层和已固化树脂难以分离的主要原因，特别是在进入微米-纳米尺度，对接触层要求极高，必须使用玻璃等硬质材料为接触层，大气压力造成的压力无法通过剥离释放，这一问题更加明显。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种光固化型3D打印装置，以降低升降平台的提升压力，保证成型工件的完整性。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种光固化型3D打印装置，包括：壳体，所述壳体内盛放有用于成型工件的液态光敏树脂，其中所述壳体内部为低气压环境；升降平台，设于壳体内，用于承载成型工件；驱动机构，驱动所述升降平台做升降运动；光学系统，位于所述壳体的下方，可照射出光束图案，使壳体内底部的一层光敏树脂被可控固化。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述壳体的底部具有一接触层，所述接触层为不粘材料。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述驱动机构为步进或伺服电机，所述步进或伺服电机通过丝杠连接至所述升降平台。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述驱动机构位于所述壳体内部液态光敏树脂的上方，所述壳体上设有真空孔，所述真空孔连接至真空泵，所述真空泵用于将所述壳体内部抽低于大气压力的低气压或真空。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述真空孔还连接至一真空计，所述真空计用于测量所述壳体内部的真空度。
在本发明的一实施例中，还包括一排气孔，在完成打印任务之后，打开排气孔以解除所述壳体内部的低气压环境。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述壳体包括可打开的面板或盖板，所述面板或盖板与所述壳体主体通过密封胶圈密封连接。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述驱动机构位于所述壳体的外部，所述壳体内 充满液态光敏树脂，所述壳体还连接至一活塞，所述活塞与液态光敏树脂接触。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述活塞连接至一驱动器，所述驱动器驱动所述活塞做往复运动。
在本发明的一实施例中，还包括一储料箱，所述储料箱中存储有液态光敏树脂，可将存储的液态光敏树脂注入所述壳体中。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：本发明使盛放液态光敏树脂的壳体内部保持在低气压环境，降低打印件所受到的大气压力，使升降平台可以带动成型工件轻松的离开盛液槽的底面，从而保护成型工件的成功率和完整性，提升成型工件的质量。
附图概述
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明，其中：
图1是一种光固化型3D打印装置的基本结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明一实施例的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的正视图；
图3是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的透视图；
图4是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的底视图；
图5是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的立体结构示意图的顶视图；
图6是根据本发明一实施例的3D打印装置进行打印的示例性过程的流程图；
图7是图6中步骤630所包括的示例性过程的流程图；
图8是根据本发明另一实施例的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的透视图；
图9是根据本发明一实施例的3D打印装置进行打印的示例性过程的流程图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，以下结合附图对本发 明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其它不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其他的步骤或元素。
本发明中使用了流程图用来说明根据本发明的实施例所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或后面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各种步骤。同时，或将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。
本发明实施例的光固化型3D打印装置包括壳体、升降平台、驱动机构和光学系统。在壳体内盛放有用于成型工件的液态光敏树脂，壳体内部为低气压环境；升降平台设于壳体内，用于承载成型工件；驱动机构可以驱动该升降平台做升降运动；光学系统位于壳体的下方，可照射出光束图案，使壳体内底部的一层光敏树脂被可控固化。
在本发明实施例的光固化型3D打印装置中，壳体的底面通常为透光的材料，如玻璃等。壳体的底面可以完全或部分的由透光材料组成。位于壳体下方的光学系统向壳体的底面方向照射光束图案，光束穿过透光材料照射到位于壳体内部底面的光敏树脂上，该光敏树脂按照所照射的光束图案被固化。液态光敏树脂的固化厚度(层厚)由成型工件和盛液槽110底面的接触层之间的距离决定。
在一些实施例中，在壳体内部与液态光敏树脂相接触的下表面上设置有一层接触层，该接触层为一种不粘材料制成的离型膜。该接触层可以避免固化后的树脂粘附在壳体内部的下表面，并且使已固化树脂在外力的作用下方便与壳体内部的下表面剥离。在另一些实施例中，比如高精度微米-纳米打印，由于精度要求高，往往采用直接在玻璃上镀敷不粘层的方案。由于壳体内部为低气压环境，在完成部分或全部三维模型的打印之后，3D打印装置中的驱动机构在驱 动升降平台做升降运动的过程中不会受到来自大气压力作用在打印工件上的压力。因此，升降平台可以方便的带动已固化的树脂上升或下降，从而避免成型工件的完整性受到破坏。
图2是根据本发明一实施例的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的正视图。参考图2所示，在此实施例中，光固化型3D打印装置中的壳体210为一密闭的箱体。光学系统220位于该壳体210的下方，并且与该壳体210之间具有一定的距离。可以理解的是，壳体210的形状可以是规则或不规则的正方体、长方体等形状，图2的示意图并不用于限制本发明光固化型3D打印装置中的壳体210的形状。壳体210除其底部用于透射光的部分为透光材料制成之外，其余的部分可以由透光材料或不透光材料制成。使用透明材料的益处在于便于观察壳体210内部的运作情况。使用不透明材料的益处在于可以防止杂光进入壳体210。优选的，壳体210采用透明材料和不透明材料结合构成。
从图2所示的正视角度来看，在壳体210的正面具有一带把手的面板211，该面板211可以打开和关闭。在壳体210的顶部具有一可以打开和关闭的盖板212。在一些实施例中，面板211和盖板212都通过密封胶圈密封连接。在一些实施例中，壳体210的盖板可以是固设在壳体210上。无论面板211和盖板212以何种方式设置于壳体210上，都要保证在面板211和/或盖板212关闭时壳体210内部的密闭性。
参考图2所示，在此实施例中，在面板211一侧的壳体210上具有一真空孔213。在其他的实施例中，该真空孔213可以位于壳体210上其他的位置。该真空孔213连接至一真空泵(图未示)，该真空泵用于将壳体210内部抽成低于大气压的低气压状态，从而使壳体210内呈低气压环境。理想状态下，该真空泵可以将壳体210内部抽成真空。
在一些实施例中，真空孔213还连接至一真空计(图未示)，该真空计用于测量壳体210内部的真空度，并可用于指示和控制真空泵的运作。
参考图2所示，在此实施例中，在面板211一侧的壳体210上具有一排气孔214。在其他的实施例中，该排气孔214可以位于壳体210上其他的位置。在壳体210内完成三维模型的打印之后，排气孔214可以被打开以解除壳体210内部的低气压环境。
图3是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的透视图。参考图3所示，在本实施例的壳体210内部包括一用于盛放液态光敏树脂的盛液槽215、升降平台230和驱动机构240。该驱动机构240通过丝杠241与该升降平台230相连接，并且可以通过丝杠241带动升降平台230延垂直方向做往复运动。
图4是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的底视图。参考图4所示，在本实施例的壳体210的外部的底部具有一透光部217。从光学系统220发射出来的光可以透过该透光部217，使位于壳体210内部的一层液态光敏树脂按照光照图案固化。可以理解的是，图4所示仅为示意，并不用于限制该透光部217的形状和大小。在优选的实施例中，该透光部217为矩形，壳体210底部围绕在透光部217周围的为不透光材料，可以避免杂光进入壳体210的底部。
图5是图2所示的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的俯视图。参考图5所示，在此实施例中，壳体210的底部具有一用于盛放液态光敏树脂的盛液槽215。在盛液槽215的上方具有一刮板250。驱动机构240位于壳体210的内部，并位于液态光敏树脂的上方，也就是说，驱动机构240位于盛液槽215和刮板250的上方。升降平台230也位于壳体210的内部，并与驱动机构240相连接。
参考图2-5所示，在此实施例中，壳体210呈长方体结构。由于驱动机构240设置在壳体210与面板211相对的背板处，且位置较高，因此，壳体210的盖板212靠近面板211的部分为一较低的平板，靠近背板的部分为一较高的平板，整个盖板212呈前低后高的台阶状。图2-5所示并不用于限制本发明的3D打印装置的盖板212的形状。
图6是根据本发明一实施例的3D打印装置进行打印的示例性过程的流程图。图2-5所示实施例的3D打印装置都可以按照图6所示的流程步骤进行三维模型的打印。参考图6所示，该打印过程包括以下的步骤：
步骤610，在壳体内的盛液槽中注入打印所需的液态光敏树脂，并关闭壳体的面板和/或盖板。
在本步骤中，在壳体210内的盛液槽215中注入足够打印所需三维模型的 液态光敏树脂，并将壳体210的面板211和/或盖板212关闭，使壳体210内部呈密闭状态。
步骤620，利用真空泵通过壳体上的真空孔将壳体内部抽真空。
在此步骤中，同时利用连接至该真空孔213的真空计对壳体210内部的气压进行检测，保证在进行三维打印的过程中，壳体210内部的气压较低，较佳的，气压应在0-0.5个大气压之间。
步骤630，开始逐层打印三维模型。
图7是图6中步骤630所包括的示例性过程的流程图。参考图7所示，步骤630可以包括下面的步骤：
步骤631，在打印伊始，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230使升降平台230与盛液槽215底面之间的距离等于一层三维模型的厚度。
步骤632，光学系统220根据所要打印的三维模型的最顶层的切片图像向壳体210下方照射光束，使第一层光敏树脂固化以形成第一层打印面。
步骤633，在一些实施例中，当一层打印面成型之后，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230向上升，升降平台230带动已固化树脂一起上升一段距离并停止。3D打印装置中的刮板250开始运作，从盛液槽215的一端移动到另一端，清洁接触层，以便下一层打印面的打印。在刮板250完成运作之后，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230下降到合适的位置，使升降平台230上的已固化树脂与盛液槽215底面之间的距离等于一层打印面的厚度。从而在下一次光照打印时，下一层已固化树脂可以和上一层已固化树脂连接起来。由于使用刮板250，可以使接触层保持清洁，可以提升成型工件的质量。
在另一些实施例中，假设接触层是清洁的状态，可以不需要刮板250，当一层打印面成型之后，驱动机构240可以驱动升降平台230上升一段大于打印面层厚的距离，再下降到距离液面等于一层三维模型打印面厚度的距离。
步骤634，光学系统220按照三维模型中下一层切片图像的图案向壳体210下方照射光束，使壳体210底部的一层光敏树脂被固化。
重复上述步骤631至634，逐层对所需要打印的三维模型进行打印，直到最终获得成型工件。
继续参考图6所示，在步骤640，完成整个三维模型的打印之后，打开壳 体上的排气孔。
本步骤可以使空气进入密闭的壳体210中，从而解除壳体210内部的低气压环境状态。也便于后续成型工件的取出。
在一些实施例中，驱动机构240可以是步进电机或伺服电机，该步进电机或伺服电机通过丝杠241连接至升降平台230。升降平台230在步进电机或伺服电机的驱动下可以沿着丝杠241上下滑动。
本发明的该实施例提供了一种光固化型3D打印装置，使盛放液态光敏树脂的壳体内部保持在低气压环境，消除了液态光敏树脂和升降平台所受到的较大的大气压力，使升降平台可以带动成型工件轻松的离开盛液槽的底面，从而保护成型工件的完整性，提升成型工件的质量。
图8是根据本发明另一实施例的光固化型3D打印装置的结构示意图的透视图。它的优势是在升降平台230和壳体210内部的底面分离后，液体树脂可以被压入升降平台230和壳体210内部底面的间隙。参考图8所示，在此实施例中，3D打印装置的壳体210为一密闭的容器，在壳体210内充满了液态光敏树脂，该壳体210内部仍为低气压环境。壳体210连接至一活塞260。如图8所示，在靠近壳体210底部的位置具有一凸起部216，该凸起部216与壳体210是一体的，活塞260位于该凸起部216内。活塞260的塞部261与壳体210内的液态光敏树脂相接触。该塞部261与壳体210的凸起部216相匹配，使壳体210内的液态光敏树脂不会从塞部261的一侧流动到另一侧。塞杆262可以连接至一驱动器(图未示)，该驱动器可以驱动塞杆262带动塞部261一起在凸起部216内做往复运动。
图8所示的示意图对凸起部216的位置不做限制。在优选的实施例中，如图8所示，该凸起部216的位置靠近壳体210的底部。当驱动器驱动活塞260向远离壳体210的方向移动时，壳体210内的负压增强，方便工件和接触层分离；当驱动器驱动活塞260向壳体210的方向移动时，壳体210内的正压增强，使液态光敏树脂流入升降平台230上升后形成的工件和接触层的空隙中，有利于加速打印。
参考图8所示，在此实施例中，3D打印装置还包括位于壳体210外部的驱动机构240。该驱动机构240通过丝杠241与位于壳体210内部的升降平台 230相连接。在壳体210外部还包括一储料箱270，该储料箱270中存储有液态光敏树脂。储料箱270与壳体210相连通，在需要打印时，可以将其中所存储的液态光敏树脂注入壳体210中，打印完毕后再将残留的液态光敏树脂抽回储料箱270，方便取出打印件。当然，无论是驱动机构240还是储料箱270，这些部件与壳体210相连接的部位都要保证气密性，使壳体210在3D打印装置进行打印的过程中保持设定的低气压气压环境状态。
在一些实施例中，驱动机构240和驱动器都可以是步进电机或伺服电机。
参考图8所示，在此实施例中，3D打印装置还包括盛液槽215。由于液态光敏树脂充满了壳体210内部，因此盛液槽215相当于壳体210内部的全部空间。
在此实施例中，从图8所示的角度来看，壳体210呈长方体结构。该壳体210的底面，也就是需受到光学系统220照射的一面需要完全或部分的为透明材料构成，如玻璃。在该壳体210的内部与液态光敏树脂相接触的下表面上设置有一层接触层。壳体210其余的部位可以是由透明材料或不透明材料构成。使用透明材料的益处在于便于观察壳体210内部的运作情况。使用不透明材料的益处在于可以防止杂光进入壳体210。优选的，壳体210采用透明材料和不透明材料结合构成。
图8所示并不用于限制壳体210的形状和大小。在其他的实施例中，壳体210也可以是其他的可实现本发明目的的形状。
图9是根据本发明一实施例的3D打印装置进行打印的示例性过程的流程图。图8所示实施例的3D打印装置可以按照图9所示的流程步骤进行三维模型的打印。参考图9所示，该打印过程包括以下的步骤：
步骤910，在壳体210中注满液态光敏树脂。
参考图8所示，储料箱270和壳体210之间通过一管路连接，该管路位于储料箱270和壳体210的下部。在储料箱270和壳体210之间的管路上具有一双向输送泵和阀门组件271。在壳体210的顶端具有一放气阀272。
在本步骤910中，可以先打开放气阀272，再打开双向输送泵和阀门组件271；再将储料箱270中的液态光敏树脂注入到壳体210内部，也可以通过向储料箱270的顶部注入气压，将储料箱270中的液体压入壳体210中；等壳体 210中完全充满液态光敏树脂后，关闭放气阀272；最后关闭双向输送泵和阀门组件271。
步骤920，开始打印。在打印伊始，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230使升降平台230与盛液槽215底面之间的距离等于一层三维模型的厚度。驱动器带动活塞260的塞部261向壳体210的方向移动，使壳体210内产生正压，保证升降平台230与盛液槽215底面之间的间隙充满树脂材料。
步骤930，光学系统220根据所要打印的三维模型的最顶层的切片图像向壳体210下方照射光束，使第一层光敏树脂固化以形成第一层打印面。
步骤940，驱动器带动活塞260的塞部261向远离壳体210的方向移动，使壳体210内产生负压。在本步骤中，可以通过压力传感器(图未示)来测量壳体210内的压力，当该压力值达到设定要求(例如0-0.5个大气压)时，塞部261停止运动。本发明对压力传感器的位置不做限制。
步骤950，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230上升到合适的位置，使升降平台230上的已固化树脂与盛液槽215底面之间的距离适合液态光敏树脂流入。
步骤960，驱动器带动活塞260的塞部261向靠近壳体210的方向移动，使壳体210内产生正压。在本步骤中，可以通过压力传感器(图未示)来测量壳体210内的压力，当该压力值达到设定要求(例如1-2个大气压)时，塞部261停止运动。
步骤970，驱动机构240驱动升降平台230下降，使升降平台230上的已固化树脂与盛液槽215底面之间的距离等于一层打印面的厚度。
步骤980，光学系统220按照三维模型中下一层切片图像的图案向壳体210下方照射光束，使壳体210底部的一层光敏树脂被固化。也使下一层已固化树脂可以和上一层已固化树脂连接起来。重复上述步骤940至980，逐层对所需要打印的三维模型进行打印，直到最终获得成型工件。
步骤990，在打印完成之后，打开放气阀272和双向输送泵和阀门组件271，将壳体210内的光敏树脂材料输送回储料箱270，等光敏树脂材料全部输送回储料箱270，关闭双向输送泵和阀门组件271。
需要说明的是，由于光敏树脂材料固化时有一定的收缩，塞部261在凸起部216内的平衡位置会逐步向壳体210方向移动，因此，必须保证凸起部216 有足够的长度，以使壳体210内的压力达到设定要求的正负气压。
本发明的实施例提供了一种光固化型3D打印装置，使盛放液态光敏树脂的壳体内部保持在低气压环境，按需要消除液态光敏树脂和升降平台所受到的大气压力，使升降平台可以带动成型工件轻松的离开盛液槽的底面，从而保护成型工件的完整性，提升成型工件的质量。
本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
虽然本发明已参照当前的具体实施例来描述，但是本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明，在没有脱离本发明精神的情况下还可作出各种等效的变化或替换，因此，只要在本发明的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本申请的权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光固化型3D打印装置，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内盛放有用于成型工件的液态光敏树脂，其中所述壳体内部为低气压环境；
    升降平台，设于壳体内，用于承载成型工件；
    驱动机构，驱动所述升降平台做升降运动；
    光学系统，位于所述壳体的下方，可照射出光束图案，使壳体内底部的一层光敏树脂被可控固化。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述壳体的底部具有一接触层，所述接触层为不粘材料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构为步进或伺服电机，所述步进或伺服电机通过丝杠连接至所述升降平台。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构位于所述壳体内部液态光敏树脂的上方，所述壳体上设有真空孔，所述真空孔连接至真空泵，所述真空泵用于将所述壳体内部抽低于大气压力的低气压或真空。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述真空孔还连接至一真空计，所述真空计用于测量所述壳体内部的真空度。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，还包括一排气孔，在完成打印任务之后，打开排气孔以解除所述壳体内部的低气压环境。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述壳体包括可打开的面板或盖板，所述面板或盖板与所述壳体主体通过密封胶圈密封连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构位于所述壳体的外部，所述壳体内充满液态光敏树脂，所述壳体还连接至一活塞，所述活塞与液态光敏树脂接触。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，所述活塞连接至一驱动器，所述驱动器驱动所述活塞做往复运动。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的光固化型3D打印装置，其特征在于，还包括一储料箱，所述储料箱中存储有液态光敏树脂，可将存储的液态光敏树脂注入所述壳体中。
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