WO2017088796A1 - 高速往复式彩色3d打印机 - Google Patents

高速往复式彩色3d打印机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088796A1
WO2017088796A1 PCT/CN2016/107118 CN2016107118W WO2017088796A1 WO 2017088796 A1 WO2017088796 A1 WO 2017088796A1 CN 2016107118 W CN2016107118 W CN 2016107118W WO 2017088796 A1 WO2017088796 A1 WO 2017088796A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
nozzles
printed
color
printing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/107118
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范春潮
范霄霞
Original Assignee
范春潮
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Publication date
Application filed by 范春潮 filed Critical 范春潮
Priority to US15/779,396 priority Critical patent/US10821660B2/en
Publication of WO2017088796A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088796A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/0007—Manufacturing coloured articles not otherwise provided for, e.g. by colour change
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/002—Coloured
    • B29K2995/0021—Multi-coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printer or a printing device, in particular to a high-speed color 3D printer for reciprocating a nozzle, belonging to the field of color 3D printers.
  • Physical printing is a popular technology nowadays, which means printing graphics on the physical object, such as printing graphics on the outer casing of the mobile phone, so that the printing material is not limited to flat media such as paper.
  • CN202213316U discloses a universal color digital digital printer, which can be Text or pattern printed on the object of soft and hard materials.
  • the graphics produced by the existing printers are simple color graphics, lacking a three-dimensional sense, not vivid enough, and the graphics carved by the embossing method have a three-dimensional effect, but the cost of the engraving is too high, the efficiency is low, and it is difficult to Mass production.
  • 3D printing production technology belongs to the molding additive manufacturing technology.
  • the three-dimensional solid image of computer design is decomposed into several layers of planar slices by software, and printed and output by 3D printer to produce parts and components required for different materials. Because of its flexibility and customization The advantages of chemical and near-net forming complex parts and components have broad development prospects.
  • the production methods currently developed include laser stereolithography, selective laser sintering, selective electron beam sintering, hot melt deposition molding, etc.
  • CN 103895228A discloses a hot melt deposition molding color 3D printing apparatus.
  • 3D printing is generally powder 3D printing (3DP), which is a 3D printing method using droplet ejection and powder bonding techniques.
  • the adhesive is selectively sprayed on a layer of powder material which has been laid beforehand to partially bond the powder to form a thin layer of section; After the completion, the workbench is lowered by one layer thickness, the next layer is laid, and then the selected area is sprayed with the adhesive.
  • the formed thin layer is also glued to the formed part; the process is continuously cycled until the part is finished; Usually the formed part also requires some post-processing, such as drying, sintering, etc., to obtain the final part.
  • CN103935037A discloses an integrated powder color 3D printer.
  • the inventors conducted intensive research to develop a high-speed color 3D printer in which a head unit reciprocates and a high-speed printing method using the same, the printer including a nozzle assembly that moves horizontally in the X-axis or Y-axis direction, a table that can move vertically along the Z-axis direction, and a plurality of nozzles and ultraviolet lamps are mounted on the nozzle assembly, wherein the nozzles are respectively provided with a plurality of nozzles Liquid printing materials, including white matrix materials and a variety of colored materials, in a single movement, each nozzle works separately, first prints the image through the white matrix material, especially in the darker areas of the image, and then prints through the color material The color of the image, the finally formed part of the image is convex outward, which improves the stereoscopic effect of the image and is more vivid, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the image processing module includes a receiving module 010, a layering module 020, a calculating module 030, and an output module 040.
  • the actuator comprises a table 4 and a head assembly 3, wherein the table 4 is for placing and fixing a workpiece to be printed, preferably the table 4 is vertically movable in a Z-axis direction, and the head assembly 3 is used for Spraying the material onto the object to be printed, preferably the head assembly 3 is horizontally movable in one direction, preferably in the X-axis direction.
  • the length of the head assembly 3 is greater than or equal to the width of the object to be printed on the table 4.
  • the showerhead assembly 3 includes a plurality of nozzles 31 arranged side by side and a material solidifying device 36 arranged side by side with the nozzles, on which a plurality of nozzles 32 are disposed, and/or
  • the nozzle 31 contains materials and is independently connected to a feed constant pressure system 33.
  • a plurality of nozzles 32 are disposed on the nozzle 31.
  • the nozzles 32 have a minimum diameter of nanometers to picometers, and a voltage sensing switch 37 is disposed on the nozzles 32, and/or
  • the voltage sensing switch 37 on the nozzle 32 is connected by a wire 35 to a control chip 34, which is connected to an image processing module, preferably the control chip 34 and the wire 35 are disposed within the nozzle 31.
  • the material curing device 36 comprises one or two or more ultraviolet lamps, preferably two, located on either side of the plurality of nozzles.
  • the actuator further includes a waste liquid collection tank 1 and a liquid suction device 5, both of which are disposed in a path through which the head unit 3 moves in the X-axis direction. on,
  • the liquid absorbing device 5 includes a liquid suction joint 51 and a negative pressure machine 52. More preferably, the liquid suction joint 51 has a cover shape with one end open, and an end surface of the opening is provided with a silicone gasket, The liquid absorbing device 5 is further provided with a squeegee made of a soft material such as silica gel.
  • the nozzle 31 comprises at least a nozzle for containing colored (e.g., red, yellow, blue) materials and one or more nozzles for containing white matrix material, preferably four nozzles;
  • the nozzle further includes one or more nozzles for containing black material.
  • the nozzles 31 have eight nozzles, one of which has a nozzle for containing black, red, yellow and blue materials. There are 4 nozzles for white/clear substrate materials.
  • the actuator comprises a plurality of head assemblies 3, the plurality of head assemblies 3 being arranged side by side, the plurality of head units 3 being movable in the X-axis direction sequentially over the table 4 and respectively Spraying the material on the workpiece to be printed,
  • At least three of the plurality of nozzles 31 of the plurality of nozzle assemblies 3 are respectively contained in the nozzles There are red, yellow, and blue materials, and further preferably, at least one of the nozzles contains black material.
  • an endless belt 7 is arranged above the table 4, the plurality of head assemblies 3 being mounted on the outer wall of the endless belt 7, the nozzle of the nozzle assembly 3 facing the endless belt (7)
  • the nozzle assembly 3 can sequentially pass over the table 4 in the X-axis direction as the endless belt 7 rotates around the table, and spray materials onto the object to be printed, respectively;
  • the endless belt 7 is an endless belt
  • At least three of the plurality of nozzles 31 of the plurality of nozzle assemblies 3 respectively contain red, yellow, and blue materials, and further preferably, at least one of the nozzles contains black material.
  • the present invention also provides a method for fast printing using the above color 3D printer, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Acquire image information and process it through an image processing module.
  • Step 2 placing the object to be printed or the workpiece 6 on the worktable 4, and adjusting the distance between the object to be printed and the nozzle.
  • Step 3 by working in cooperation with the table 4 and the head assembly 3 on the executing device, first printing the substrate material on the workpiece or the object to be printed, optionally performing the step once or repeatedly,
  • Step 4 by working in cooperation with the table 4 and the head unit 3 on the executing device, printing color materials on the workpiece or the object to be printed, optionally performing the step once or repeatedly,
  • step 2 the object to be printed or the workpiece 6 is placed on the table 4, and the height of the object to be printed is measured by the infrared height measuring sensor.
  • the distance between the object to be printed and the head is 1 to 15 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm, more preferably 3 to 5 mm;
  • the spray head assembly 3 is moved over the liquid suction device 5 before the execution device performs the print job, and the nozzle on the spray head assembly is aspirated, and/or
  • the head assembly is moved over the waste collection tank 1 every predetermined time or after the head assembly is reciprocated several times in the X-axis direction, and the spray-spraying operation is performed, preferably, the head assembly reciprocates in the X-axis direction.
  • a spray blow operation is performed -15 times, preferably 5-12 times, more preferably 7-10 times.
  • the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the invention has a plurality of material nozzles, which can hold materials of different colors, and in a single movement process, a plurality of nozzles respectively work to complete spraying of multiple colors, and the printing efficiency is high;
  • the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the present invention has one or more nozzles for containing white or colorless matrix materials, and can quickly and efficiently form a coating having a predetermined thickness on a workpiece to be printed, so that the printed image With protrusions, it produces a distinct three-dimensional or 3D effect;
  • the chip for controlling the nozzle operation in the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the invention is arranged in the nozzle, saves space, improves the integration of the nozzle assembly, makes the movement of the nozzle assembly more flexible, and facilitates the control chip and image processing. Modules are connected to decompose the received control information so that each nozzle can be precisely controlled;
  • the material curing device in the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the invention is equipped with a cooling system, which avoids the temperature of the ultraviolet lamp is too high, thereby prolonging the service life of the ultraviolet lamp and avoiding consolidation of materials in the nozzle. And the phenomenon of clogging the nozzle;
  • the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the invention performs "scattering spray" in time during the printing process, thereby avoiding the situation that the nozzle is blocked due to the evaporation of the solvent component in the material material, and the nozzle and the nozzle assembly are ensured. 3 working life and quality of work;
  • the nozzle assembly of the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the present invention and the length of the nozzle thereon are all greater than or equal to the width of the object to be printed, so that the nozzle assembly does not have to move in two horizontal directions, but only along one axial direction.
  • the horizontal movement of (for example, the X-axis or the Y-axis) can complete the nozzle operation of the entire object to be printed;
  • the high-speed color 3D printer provided by the present invention has a plurality of nozzle assemblies, so that the system of the entire nozzle assembly can be moved once in one of two horizontal axes (for example, the X-axis direction) to complete multiple spraying operations. , which greatly improves the printing efficiency;
  • the printing images of different thicknesses can be obtained simply by setting the printing times of the matrix material layer and the color material layer, and the operation is fast and the image quality is high. Strong sense of three-dimensionality, especially its speed is the world's leading level;
  • an image of a 3D effect can be formed on different workpieces or objects to be printed, and the time can be as short as several minutes, which is much faster than the current 3D printing speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of the overall structure of an actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a showerhead assembly on an actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of a showerhead assembly of an actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a top plan view of a showerhead assembly of an actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an image processing module and a working process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of a material curing device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a plan view of a material curing device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a top view of a pipette in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a side view of a pipette in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of an actuator including a plurality of head assemblies in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of an actuator including an endless belt in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a "reciprocating" high speed color 3D printer comprising an image processing module and an execution device, wherein:
  • the image processing module includes a receiving module 010, a layering module 020, a calculating module 030, and an output module 040, configured to receive image information, perform hierarchical processing on the received image information, and separately calculate color distribution of each layer. Then, the working time of the nozzle when the layer is printed is calculated, and finally, the calculated information is transmitted to the executing device for controlling the operation of the executing device.
  • the actuator comprises a table 4 and a head assembly 3 disposed thereon, wherein the table is used to place and fix a workpiece 6 to be printed, that is, a workpiece to be printed, the head assembly for being to be printed Spray the material on the workpiece (to be printed).
  • the length of the head assembly is substantially the same as the width of the workpiece 6 to be printed, or the length of the head unit is slightly longer than the width of the workpiece 6 to be printed, that is, when the workpiece 6 to be printed
  • the nozzle assembly can be moved along the X-axis direction to spray the upper surface of the workpiece 6 to be printed with the material to be sprayed; by setting the nozzle assembly long enough, it can be dispensed with The feed movement of the head assembly in the Y-axis direction greatly improves the printing efficiency.
  • the 3D printing described in the present invention sprays a photocurable material on the surface of an object in a manner similar to 3D printing to form a predetermined pattern, and forms a pattern having a three-dimensional effect due to a certain thickness of the material.
  • the showerhead assembly 3 includes a plurality of nozzles 31 arranged side by side and a material solidifying device 36 arranged side by side with the nozzle, and a plurality of nozzles 32 are disposed on the nozzle 31. See Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5.
  • the plurality of nozzles 31 are filled with materials, and the plurality of nozzles 31 are independently connected with a feeding constant pressure system 33, and the feeding constant pressure system 33 is used to ensure the nozzles. 31 materials are sufficient;
  • a plurality of nozzles 32 are disposed on the nozzle 31.
  • the nozzles 32 are very small, and the minimum diameter thereof is up to the nanometer or even picometer level.
  • a voltage sensing switch 37 is disposed on each of the nozzles 32.
  • the nozzle 32 is controlled by the voltage sensing switch 37 for the amount of material to be sprayed and the amount of material to be sprayed. Since there are many nozzles arranged closely on the nozzle, the material to be sprayed can be made uniform, and the droplets are fine, when the colors are fine. When the small material droplets are in the same area, the color recognized by the naked eye is the combined color.
  • the voltage sensing switch 37 on each nozzle 32 is connected by a wire 35 to a control chip 34.
  • the control chip is coupled to the image processing module to decompose the received control information to accurately The operation of each nozzle is controlled in detail, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5.
  • control chip 34 and the wires 35 are disposed in the nozzle to save space, reduce the configuration outside the nozzle, and avoid excessive wires passing through the nozzle wall, thereby reducing the difficulty of sealing the catheter.
  • the nozzle used in the present invention may be a commercial or self-made nozzle that satisfies the above performance index.
  • an ink jet head disclosed in CN 1676331 A and a method of manufacturing the same may be used, for example, a Japanese fine industrial nozzle (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), Japan may be used.
  • the nozzle 31 may have a plurality of nozzles, but at least includes a nozzle for containing colored materials and a nozzle for containing white matrix material, preferably including a spray for containing red, yellow and blue materials.
  • the tube and the nozzle for containing the white matrix material, so the nozzle can have at least four nozzles, and the four nozzles respectively contain materials of different colors, including red material, yellow material, blue material and white/transparent color.
  • the nozzle may further comprise one or more nozzles for containing black material, and further, the nozzle for holding the white/transparent matrix material is provided with a nozzle Or a plurality of strips are preferably provided, which facilitates rapid and multi-volume printing of the matrix material, which not only reduces the cost, but also greatly improves the printing efficiency.
  • nozzles for respectively holding materials of different colors, wherein one of the nozzles for containing black material, containing red material, containing yellow material, and containing blue material has a white/transparent color. There are 4 nozzles for the matrix material.
  • the material contained in the nozzle is in a liquid state in the nozzle, and in order to rapidly solidify the material ejected from the nozzle through the nozzle, the nozzle assembly 3 is further disposed in parallel with the plurality of nozzles. Arranged material curing device 36.
  • the material can be rapidly cured under ultraviolet light irradiation, so the material curing device 36 described in the present invention includes an ultraviolet light or an ultraviolet light group capable of emitting ultraviolet light outward, for example, an LED ultraviolet light.
  • the ultraviolet light lamp may have one or two or more. When the ultraviolet light lamp has two or more, it is disposed between the plurality of nozzles. In the present invention, preferably two ultraviolet rays are disposed.
  • the light lamps are respectively located on both sides of the plurality of nozzles, and the materials are sprayed in a predetermined area according to the shape of the image, and are solidified and formed immediately under the irradiation of ultraviolet light.
  • the material curing device 36 is equipped with a cooling system, such as a water cooling system, which can prevent the temperature of the ultraviolet lamp from being too high, thereby prolonging the service life of the ultraviolet lamp.
  • a cooling system such as a water cooling system
  • the temperature of the material curing device can reach 50 ° C or higher, sometimes 80 ° C or even 100 ° C, which is not only bad for long-term use of the UV lamp, but also affects the material in the nozzle to make it solvent. After evaporation, the resin is consolidated, which blocks the nozzle and affects the printing process.
  • the temperature can be lowered below 40 ° C, preferably below 30 ° C, for example to room temperature, or between 15-25 ° C.
  • the cooling system includes cooling water tanks 362 disposed on both sides of the ultraviolet light 361.
  • the cooling water tanks 362 have two, surrounded by ultraviolet light lamps in a semi-circular shape, and the two The cooling water tanks 362 are connected by pipes so that the cooling water inside thereof can circulate, and the cooling water pipes 363 are connected to the two cooling water tanks 362, and one end of the cooling water pipes 363 is connected to the cooling water tank 362, and the other end is connected to the container.
  • a cooling water tank 365 having a large amount of cooling water is provided on the cooling water pipe 363 with a cooling water pump 364 through which the circulation of the cooling water in the cooling system is powered; see Figs. 7 and 8.
  • the material used in the fast color 3D printer of the present invention may be a composition comprising a photocurable resin and a pigment, the pigment comprising a white or transparent colored matrix material and a colored material, the photocurable resin being irradiated by ultraviolet light.
  • the resin which undergoes a photocuring reaction is dissolved and/or dispersed in a solvent for liquid use.
  • conventional photocurable photosensitive resins such as the following oligomers: pure acrylic resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester, modified acrylate (epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate) can be used.
  • a polyether acrylate or a silicone oligomer may be formed by a mixture of one or more of them.
  • a conventional inorganic pigment may be mixed with a photocurable photosensitive resin to form a matrix material, which is preferably dissolved or suspended in a solvent
  • the inorganic pigment may be, for example, a titanium white pigment
  • the solvent may be, for example, a commonly used one.
  • the organic solvent such as an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, preferably an alcohol solvent, more preferably ethanol or an aqueous solution thereof.
  • a conventional color pigment may be mixed with a photocurable photosensitive resin to form a color material, which is preferably dissolved or suspended in a solvent
  • the color pigment may be, for example, various inorganic or organic color pigments, preferably organic color pigments.
  • the solvent may be, for example, a usual organic solvent such as an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, preferably an alcohol solvent, more preferably ethanol or an aqueous solution thereof.
  • the printing materials used in the present invention may also include various additives such as various conventional cationic initiators, radical initiators, accelerators, leveling agents, reactive diluents, antifoaming agents and the like.
  • the table 4 can be movable or fixed. If the table is not moved, the relative movement between the table and the head assembly 3 is only the head assembly along the X. When the axis moves, the table can also be movable. At this time, the table can control the workpiece to be printed to move along the X axis or move along the Y axis. The purpose of the movement is to quickly change the to-be-printed part, especially when When the nozzle assembly is continuously operated, it moves along the X axis or along the Y axis of the working platform to ensure that there is at least one to be printed under the nozzle of the nozzle assembly to avoid the nozzle assembly running empty, thereby fully improving the printing efficiency.
  • the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are both located in the same horizontal plane.
  • the table is further movable in a vertical direction while moving in the Y-axis direction, as shown in FIG.
  • the Z-axis direction indicates the vertical direction.
  • the execution device further includes a waste liquid collection tank 1 and a liquid absorption device 5, and the waste liquid collection tank 1 and the liquid absorption device 5 are both disposed on the spray head.
  • the head assembly when the head assembly is moved to the waste liquid collection tank 1 in the X-axis direction
  • a "spray spray” operation can be performed, and the waste liquid collection tank is used to collect and contain the waste ink ejected by the "spray spray” operation.
  • the spray spray described in the present invention refers to a spraying operation in which all the nozzles on the nozzle simultaneously spray the material to the maximum extent.
  • the material Since the material has volatility, when the solvent component of the material, especially the material, is volatilized, the remaining part It is easy to cure, thereby clogging the nozzle, the purpose of which is to spray a large amount of outwardly through the nozzle, so that the material solidified or partially solidified and adhered to the nozzle is taken away during the flow of the material to avoid curing.
  • the material blocks the nozzle to ensure the working life and working quality of the nozzle and the nozzle assembly 3.
  • the liquid absorbing device 5 includes a liquid suction joint 51 and a negative pressure machine 52, the liquid suction joint is matched with the spray head assembly, and when the spray head assembly moves in the X-axis direction above the liquid suction device and stops The suction joint and the spray head assembly are movable relative to each other in a vertical direction, that is, the spray head assembly is moved downward or the liquid suction joint is moved upward, so that the liquid suction joint is sealingly connected with the spray head assembly, and is provided by the negative pressure machine. Power draws the material and air from the nozzle and nozzle.
  • the liquid suction device mainly works when starting for a first time after stopping for a long time, or works when the print quality is found to be unsatisfactory, and the external force is provided by the negative pressure machine to suck out the residual material and air in the nozzle, thereby filling the nozzle with material, without Fault.
  • the liquid suction joint 51 has a cover shape with an open end, and a silicone gasket 511 is disposed on an end surface of the opening, and the nozzle is sealed in the nozzle assembly by the close contact between the silicone gasket and the nozzle assembly.
  • the closed cavity can be seen in Figures 9 and 10.
  • An outwardly protruding convex portion 512 is disposed near the open end of the liquid suction joint 51, and a threaded hole is formed in the convex portion 512, and the liquid suction joint 51 is further provided with the threaded hole.
  • the screw 513 moving up and down in the vertical direction of the charged liquid suction joint 51 is rotated by the driving mechanism of the motor, such as the motor, and the liquid suction screw 513 is rotated to drive the liquid suction joint upward, so that the silicone gasket 511 is in close contact with the nozzle assembly, thereby forming a sealed space.
  • a squeegee is further disposed on the liquid absorbing device 5, and the squeegee is made of a soft material such as silica gel.
  • the actuator further includes an X-axis driving device 2 for controlling movement of the head assembly 3 in the X-axis direction; There is a Z-axis driving device 9 for controlling the movement of the frame 8 in the Z-axis direction.
  • Both the shaft driving device 2 and the Z-axis driving device 9 described in the present invention can select driving devices commonly used in the art, and each driving device The driving principle can be the same or different, such as belt transmission, rack and pinion transmission device, ball screw and so on.
  • the actuator comprises a plurality of head assemblies 3 arranged side by side, the plurality of head units 3 moving in the X-axis direction
  • the workpieces are sprayed onto the workpiece to be printed, and further, the plurality of nozzle assemblies may be integrated or separated, and the nozzle assemblies receive image processing modules.
  • the control command is transmitted, when it moves to the top of the workbench, the material is sprayed according to the instruction requirements, so that the object to be printed on the workbench is sprayed with sufficient material in a very short time, so that the printing operation is completed quickly;
  • the executing device comprises a plurality of nozzle assemblies 3
  • at least three of the plurality of nozzles 31 of the plurality of nozzle assemblies 3 respectively contain red, yellow and blue materials, and further preferably At least one of the nozzles is filled with black material, that is, the color of the material in the nozzles of the plurality of nozzle assemblies at this time can be determined according to the position of the nozzle assembly and the nozzle, and can be combined in various ways to meet the requirements of use. In this case, adjustment can be made according to the actual situation, and is not particularly limited in the present invention.
  • the actuator further comprises an endless belt 7 disposed above the table 4, the endless belt preferably being an endless belt; the plurality of head assemblies 3 are mounted on the outer wall of the endless belt 7, the nozzle of the nozzle on the head assembly facing the outside of the endless belt 7, the nozzle assembly sequentially passing over the table 4 in the X-axis direction as the endless belt rotates And spraying materials onto the workpiece to be printed separately; when the nozzle assembly is located at a position other than the worktable, the control chip is controlled without spraying materials, and the arrangement can avoid the reciprocating motion of the nozzle assembly. Further improve printing efficiency.
  • the printing member is further provided with a rotating shaft for controlling the rotation of the endless belt and a power device, and the rotating shaft has a plurality of rotating shafts.
  • the actuator comprises an endless belt 7 and a plurality of nozzle assemblies 3 are mounted on the endless belt 7
  • at least three of the plurality of nozzles 31 of the plurality of nozzle assemblies 3 are respectively filled with red and yellow
  • the blue material further preferably, at least one of the nozzles is filled with black material, that is, the color of the material in the nozzles of the plurality of nozzle assemblies at this time may be determined according to the position of the nozzle assembly and the nozzle, and may have various combinations. the way.
  • each nozzle assembly is provided with eight nozzles, and four of them contain white/transparent matrix materials, and another 4
  • the nozzles are filled with black, red, yellow and blue materials to accommodate a variety of printing requirements.
  • the image processing module includes a receiving module 010, a layering module 020, a computing module 030, and an output module 040.
  • the receiving module 010 is configured to receive image information to be printed, and may transmit image information to be printed to a receiving module by using a data line, Bluetooth, or the like;
  • the layering module 020 is configured to divide an image into multiple layers according to the degree of color depth of the image, generally including at least one matrix layer and one color layer, so at least two layers need to be divided, and the image can also be divided into More layers, one or more substrate layers and one or more colored layers.
  • the presence of the matrix layer results in a stereoscopic effect on the final image.
  • the substrate layer can be printed one or more times, that is, printing more matrix material at a time to form a thicker matrix, or printing the matrix material multiple times, eventually forming a thicker matrix, and finally in the matrix.
  • the color layer is printed on the layer, and the matrix layer and the color layer may be alternately printed.
  • any number of layers can be selected, and the specific number of layers can be freely selected according to the desired degree of print image clarity and the stereoscopic feeling of the printed image. That is to say, the more layers are separated, the stronger the 3D effect or the stereoscopic effect, the higher the print quality, and the longer the printing time. Of course, if there are enough nozzles, each nozzle can be sprayed once. Complete the corresponding job requirements.
  • At least one of the plurality of picture layers separated by the layering module includes color information with an image to be printed, and the information of the picture layer needs to be transmitted to the calculation module, and the image layer is calculated and printed by the calculation module.
  • the plurality of picture layers further includes a picture layer that records the information of the dark color area in the image, and the picture layer may have multiple and different areas recorded on the picture layer. The size can also be different;
  • the printing sequence is to first print a picture layer in which the dark color area information is recorded, and it is possible to print only the white/transparent color material, and the picture layer which records the dark color area information preferentially prints a large picture layer in the recorded area. After the picture layer of the dark color area information is printed, the workpiece to be printed has a certain thickness, and then the picture layer with the color information of the image to be printed is printed.
  • the above printing process is mainly applicable to the case when the layering is small.
  • the picture layer with the color information of the image to be printed may be appropriately inserted in the process of printing the picture layer in which the dark color area information is recorded, so that The printed product has a uniform color on the side of the raised portion and a rich three-dimensional effect.
  • the calculating module 030 is configured to calculate, according to color information of the image to be printed, a color ratio required for printing the image layer and a corresponding working condition of the nozzle, that is, by analyzing a color condition at any point, calculating a color required for printing the color
  • the original materials include a red material, a blue material, and a yellow material; for the convenience of control, the number of each nozzle and the color of the material in each nozzle are also recorded in the calculation module.
  • the above information can be manually entered and changed to accommodate modification and adjustment of the device.
  • the output module is configured to uniformly send the information transmitted by the layering module and the computing module to the executing device, and control the executing device, including controlling the movement of the nozzle assembly 3 on the executing device in the X-axis direction and the optional workbench along the Z
  • the movement in the axial direction further includes controlling the opening and closing of the ultraviolet lamp 36, and the voltage sensing switch 37 is turned on at a predetermined timing, and the nozzle sprays the material.
  • the present invention also provides a method for fast printing using the above color 3D printer, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Acquire image information and process it through an image processing module.
  • Step 2 placing the object to be printed or the workpiece 6 on the worktable 4, and adjusting the distance between the object to be printed and the nozzle.
  • Step 3 by working in cooperation with the table 4 and the head assembly 3 on the executing device, first printing the substrate material on the workpiece or the object to be printed, optionally performing the step once or repeatedly, (in general, when there are multiple nozzle assemblies) Steps can be performed once)
  • Step 4 by working in cooperation with the table 4 and the head unit 3 on the executing device, printing colored materials on the workpiece or the object to be printed, optionally performing the step once or repeatedly, (there are generally a plurality of head assemblies) Execute once)
  • the image processing module processing mainly includes the following substeps 1'-3':
  • Step 1' input an image to be printed to a receiving module in the image processing module;
  • Step 2' input the number of hierarchical layers into the layered module
  • Step 3' The calculation of the module to be calculated is completed and the obtained data is transmitted to the execution device through the output module to start the execution device.
  • the object to be printed or the workpiece 6 is placed on the workbench 4.
  • the distance between the object to be printed and the nozzle is as close as possible, but the premise is that the nozzle cannot be scraped. For this reason, an infrared height measuring sensor is provided.
  • the height of the printed matter is measured, and the distance between the object to be printed and the head is generally controlled to be between 0 and 20 mm, preferably 1 to 15 mm, more preferably 2 to 10 mm, still more preferably 3 to 5 mm.
  • the above step 3 is to print the substrate material on the workpiece or the object to be printed, which can be printed one or more times depending on the thickness of the desired matrix material and the printing efficiency;
  • the above step 4 is to print a color material on the workpiece or the object to be printed, which may be the last printing, that is, printing the color material to end printing; but when the printing pattern needs to be three-dimensional or the 3D effect is obvious or the thickness of the matrix material is thick, Color materials can also be printed multiple times to avoid exposing the matrix material to the sides of the pattern.
  • the execution device before starting the execution device, it is necessary to check whether the material on the execution device is sufficient, the device state is normal, and the workpiece to be printed is installed and fixed on the workbench before starting;
  • the head assembly needs to be moved above the liquid suction device 5, and the nozzle on the head assembly is subjected to a liquid absorption process;
  • the nozzle assembly in the printing process, needs to be moved above the waste liquid collection tank 1 every predetermined time or after the head assembly is reciprocated several times in the X-axis direction, and the spray-spraying operation is performed, preferably in the present invention.
  • the assembly is reciprocated 3 to 10 times, preferably 5 to 12 times, more preferably 7 to 10 times in the X-axis direction.
  • the nozzle is first sprayed with a nozzle on the nozzle containing the white/transparent color matrix material, and the nozzle prints a white or transparent image by spraying the material, and the image has The three-dimensional effect, a part of the area on the image protrudes outward, and finally a nozzle sprayed on the nozzles containing red, yellow, blue and black to complete the printing operation of the workpiece to be printed.
  • the area to be printed of the workpiece to be printed is white to enhance the visual effect, and if the area to be printed is non-white, it may be considered to first spray the area into white, and in addition, the white/transparent color described in the present invention
  • the material is preferably a white material.
  • the product printed by the printer and the printing method according to the present invention is a color, stereoscopic image, which is substantially identical to the image delivered to the image processing module, except that the image is not a flat graphic, It has a certain height in the darker area, that is, the area is convex upwards, which enhances the three-dimensionality of the image and is more vivid and vivid.
  • the workpiece to be printed is the outer casing of the mobile phone, and it is planned to print a half-length portrait photo of the person on the back.
  • the portrait photo digital information to be printed is first transmitted to the receiving module of the image processing module via a data line or Bluetooth;
  • a convex portion is desired, a color of different shades is set, and then the image is divided into multiple layers according to the color depth of the image, including at least one a layer or layers of a substrate layer and one or more colored layers;
  • the executing device receives the data calculated by the calculating module through the output module, and then starts, and simultaneously turns on the ultraviolet lamp for solidifying the material.
  • the nozzle assembly 3 moves along the X-axis direction to print a white matrix material on the outer casing of the mobile phone (which is a titanium white powder suspended in an acrylic photocurable resin and an ethanol solution). Medium), the white matrix material is printed while the head assembly 3 is moved in the X-axis direction, and the step may be performed one or more times depending on the thickness of the protrusion required to obtain a white matrix having a thickness of about 1.1 to 1.5 mm or more.
  • Floor the white matrix material on the outer casing of the mobile phone (which is a titanium white powder suspended in an acrylic photocurable resin and an ethanol solution).
  • the white matrix material is printed while the head assembly 3 is moved in the X-axis direction, and the step may be performed one or more times depending on the thickness of the protrusion required to obtain a white matrix having a thickness of about 1.1 to 1.5
  • the height can then be adjusted, ie the table moves down the vertical direction of the Z axis, so that the phone case is still in the proper printable position.
  • the information of the picture layer corresponding to the color layer is transmitted to the calculation module, and the color ratio required for printing the picture layer and the corresponding working state of the nozzle are calculated;
  • the head assembly 3 is moved along the X-axis direction, and a color material (which is dissolved in the acrylic photocurable resin and the ethanol solution) is printed on the substrate layer of the outer casing of the mobile phone, and the head unit 3 is printed while moving along the X-axis direction.
  • this step can be performed only once, that is, the final product is obtained, and the effect is that a certain portion has a convex color stereoscopic image having a thickness of about 1.1 to 1.5 mm or more.
  • the entire process takes about 40-70 seconds, of which the image processing time is about 30-50 seconds, and the print execution time is 10-20 seconds (including the debugging and preparation time of the print).

Abstract

一种高速往复式彩色3D打印机，该打印机包括可沿一个方向，优选X轴方向水平移动的喷头组件（3）和可沿Z轴方向竖直移动的工作台（4），在喷头组件（3）上安装多个喷管（31），其中分别盛装多种液体打印物料，包括白色基质物料和多种彩色物料，在一次移动过程中，各个喷管（31）分别工作，首先通过白色基质物料打印出图像，尤其是图像中颜色较深的区域，再通过彩色物料打印图像的色彩，最终形成的图像上部分区域向外凸出，提高了图像的立体感，打印速度更快。

Description

高速往复式彩色3D打印机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种打印机或打印装置，具体涉及一种喷头往复移动的高速彩色3D打印机，属于彩色3D打印机领域。
背景技术
实物打印是现在比较流行的技术，是指在实物上打印图形，比如在手机外壳上打印图形，使得打印材料不仅局限于纸张等平面介质，例如CN202213316U公开了一种万能彩色实物数码打印机，可以在软、硬质材料的实物上印刷文字或图案等。但是现有的打印机打出的图形都是简单的彩色图形，缺乏立体感，不够生动形象，而通过浮雕的方式雕刻出的图形虽然具有立体感，但是雕刻的成本过高，效率较低，难以大批量生产。
3D打印生产技术属于成型增材制造技术，由软件把计算机设计的三维实体图分解成若干层平面切片，通过3D打印机打印输出，从而生产不同材质所需部件和构件；因其柔性化、客制化、近净成型结构复杂的零部件等优点，具有广阔发展前景。目前开发出的生产方法包括激光立体成型法、选择性激光烧结法、选择性电子束烧结法、热融堆积成型法等，例如CN 103895228A即公开了一种热融堆积成型法彩色3D打印设备。
传统的3D打印一般是粉末3D打印(3DP)，是一种利用微滴喷射、粉末粘结技术的3D打印方法。喷头在计算机控制下，按照当前分层截面的信息，在事先铺好的一层粉末材料上，有选择性地喷射粘结剂，使部分粉末粘结，形成一层截面薄层；一层成形完后，工作台下降一个层厚，进行下一层的铺粉，继而选区喷射粘结剂，成形薄层同时也会与已成形零件粘为一体；不断循环此过程，直至零件加工完为止；通常所成形的零件还需要一定的后处理，如干燥、烧结等，从而得到最后的零件。然而，现有的粉末3D打印机需要较长时间进行供粉和粘结剂，固化时间长，而且占用空间庞大，操作过程冗杂，特别是清理未成形粉末时不够方便，容易造成粉末污染周围环境，为此，CN103935037A公开了一种集成式粉末彩色3D打印机。
如何将实物打印与3D打印技术结合，既获得3D打印的立体效果，又能够有效降低成本，提高生产效率，从而达到快速、高效、灵活，适合大批量生产，一直是印刷行业追求的目标。正是由于上述原因，能够打印出彩色3D效果照片的快速打印机将会具有巨大的使用价值和市场前景，如专利号为2015104586204的中国专利和专利号为2015104596206中国专利中给出了一种能够打印彩色3D效果照片的快速打印机，然而该装置在打印时需要三轴联动，喷头需要往复多次作业，虽然喷头可以高速移动，但是打印效率仍然还有提高的空间。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明人进行了锐意研究，开发出一种喷头组件往复移动的高速彩色3D打印机及采用其的高速打印方法，该打印机包括可沿 一个方向，优选X轴或Y轴方向水平移动的喷头组件，可沿Z轴方向竖直移动的工作台，在喷头组件上安装多个喷管和紫外光灯，其中的喷管分别盛装多种液体打印物料，包括白色基质物料和多种彩色物料，在一次移动过程中，各个喷管分别工作，首先通过白色基质物料打印出图像，尤其是图像中颜色较深的区域，再通过彩色物料打印图像的色彩，最终形成的图像上部分区域向外凸出，提高了图像的立体感，更为生动，从而完成本发明。
具体来说，本发明的目的在于提供一种高速往复式彩色3D打印机，该打印机包括图像处理模块和执行装置，其中，
所述图像处理模块包括接收模块010、分层模块020、计算模块030和输出模块040，
所述执行装置包括工作台4和喷头组件3，其中所述工作台4用以放置并固定待打印物，优选所述工作台4可沿Z轴方向竖直移动，所述喷头组件3用以向所述待打印物上喷涂物料，优选所述喷头组件3可沿一个方向，优选X轴方向水平移动。
根据本发明，所述喷头组件3的长度大于或等于所述工作台4上的待打印物的宽度。
根据本发明，所述喷头组件3包括多条并列排布的喷管31和与喷管并列排布的物料固化装置36，在所述喷管31上设置有多个喷嘴32，和/或
优选所述喷管31内盛装有物料，并分别独立地连接有供料恒压系统33。
根据本发明，多个喷嘴32设置在所述喷管31上，喷嘴32最小直径为纳米至皮米级，在喷嘴32上设置有电压传感开关37，和/或
优选喷嘴32上的电压传感开关37由导线35连通至控制芯片34，所述控制芯片34与图像处理模块相连，优选所述控制芯片34和导线35设置在喷管31内。
根据本发明，所述物料固化装置36包括一个或两个或更多个紫外光灯，优选两个，分别位于所述多条喷管的两侧。
根据本发明，所述执行装置还包括废液收集槽1和吸液装置5，所述废液收集槽1和吸液装置5都设置在喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动时所能经过的路径上，
优选地，所述吸液装置5包括吸液接头51和负压机52，更优选地，所述吸液接头51呈一端开口的罩状，其开口的端面上设置有硅胶垫圈，在所述吸液装置5上还设置有刮板，所述刮板由硅胶等软质材料制成。
根据本发明，所述喷管31至少包括用于盛装彩色(如红、黄、蓝色)物料的喷管和一条或多条用于盛装白色基质物料的喷管，优选有4条喷管；
所述喷管还包括一条或多条用于盛装黑色物料的喷管，优选地，所述喷管31有8条，其中，盛装黑色、红色、黄色和蓝色物料的喷管各有一条，盛装白色/透明色基质物料的喷管有4条。
根据本发明，所述执行装置包括多个喷头组件3，所述多个喷头组件3并列排布，所述多个喷头组件3可以沿X轴方向移动依次经过工作台4的上方，并分别向所述待打印的工件上喷涂物料，
优选地，多个喷头组件3中的多个喷管31中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装 有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料。
根据本发明，在所述工作台4上方设置有环形带7，所述多个喷头组件3安装在所述环形带7外壁上，所述喷头组件3上喷管的喷嘴朝向环形带(7)外侧，所述喷头组件3可以随着环形带7绕着工作台转动而沿X轴方向依次经过工作台4的上方，并分别向所述待打印物上喷涂物料；
优选地，所述环形带7为环形皮带；
优选地，多个喷头组件3中的多个喷管31中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料。
本发明还提供一种采用上述彩色3D打印机进行快速打印的方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，获取图像信息，通过图像处理模块进行处理，
步骤2，将待打印物或工件6置于工作台4上，调整待打印物与喷头的距离，
步骤3，通过执行装置上的工作台4和喷头组件3协同作业，首先在工件或待打印物上打印基质物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，
步骤4，通过执行装置上的工作台4和喷头组件3协同作业，在工件或待打印物上打印彩色物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，
任选重复进行以上步骤3和4，直至打印完毕；
其中，优选地，在步骤2中，将待打印物或工件6置于工作台4上，设置红外线测高传感器对待打印物的高度进行测量，待打印物与喷头的距离在1至15mm，优选2至10mm，更优选3至5mm；
优选地，在执行装置执行打印作业之前，将喷头组件3移动至吸液装置5上方，并对喷头组件上的喷管做吸液处理，和/或
在打印过程中，每隔预定时间或者喷头组件沿X轴方向往复若干次以后将喷头组件移动至废液收集槽1上方，并执行散喷作业，优选地，喷头组件沿X轴方向往复移动3-15次，优选5-12次，更优选7-10次后执行一次散喷作业。
本发明提供的“往复式”高速彩色3D打印机的有益效果汇总如下：
(1)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机具有多条物料喷管，能够盛装不同颜色的物料，在一次移动过程中，多个喷管分别工作，完成多种颜色的喷涂，打印效率高；
(2)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机具有一条或多条盛装白色或无色基质物料的喷管，能够快速、高效地在待打印工件上形成具有预定厚度的涂层，使得打印出的图像上具有凸起，产生明显的立体感或3D效果；
(3)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机中控制喷嘴工作的芯片设置在喷管内，节约空间，提高了喷头组件的集成化，使得喷头组件的移动更为灵活、方便所述控制芯片与图像处理模块相连，对接收到的控制信息进行分解，从而可以精确地控制各个喷嘴；
(4)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机中的物料固化装置配备有冷却系统，避免了紫外光灯温度过高，从而延长了紫外光灯的使用寿命，并避免了喷嘴内的物料出现固结而堵塞喷嘴的现象；
(5)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机在打印过程中及时进行“散喷”，避免了因物料物料中的溶剂成分挥发后造成剩余部分发生固化而堵塞喷嘴的情况，保证了喷嘴及喷头组件3的工作寿命和工作质量；
(6)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机的喷头组件及其上的喷管长度都大于或等于待打印物的宽度，使得该喷头组件不必沿两个水平方向移动，而是只沿一个轴向(例如X轴或Y轴)水平移动即可完成整个待打印物的喷头作业；
(7)本发明提供的高速彩色3D打印机的喷头组件有多个，使得整个喷头组件构成的系统只需沿两个水平轴向之一(例如X轴方向)移动一次即可完成多次喷涂作业，从而极大地提高了打印效率；
(8)本发明提供的采用高速彩色3D打印机快速打印方法中，可以简单地通过设定基质物料层和彩色物料层的打印次数来获得不同厚度的打印图像，操作快速、画质精确度高、立体感强，尤其是其速度之快居世界领先水平；
(9)本发明提供的采用高速彩色3D打印机快速打印方法中，可以在不同工件或待打印物上形成3D效果的图像，时间可短至数分钟，远远快于目前的3D打印速度。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的执行装置整体结构示意图；
图2示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的执行装置整体结构侧视图；
图3示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的执行装置上喷头组件结构示意图；
图4示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的执行装置的喷头组件侧视图；
图5示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的执行装置的喷头组件俯视图；
图6示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的图像处理模块及工作过程示意图；
图7示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的物料固化装置侧视图；
图8示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的物料固化装置俯视图；
图9示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的吸液器俯视图；
图10示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的吸液器侧视图；
图11示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的包括有多个喷头组件的执行装置整体结构示意图；
图12示出根据本发明一种优选实施方式的包括有环形带的执行装置整体结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
1-废液收集槽；2-X轴驱动装置；3-喷头组件；31-喷管；32-喷嘴；33- 供料恒压系统；34-控制芯片；35-导线；36-物料固化装置；361-紫外光灯；362-冷却水槽；363-冷却水管；364-冷却水泵；365-冷却水箱；37-电压传感开关；4-工作台；5-吸液装置；51-吸液接头；511-硅胶垫圈；512-凸部；513-螺杆；52-负压机；6-待打印物或待打印的工件；7-环形带；8-机架；9-Z轴驱动装置；010-接收模块；020-分层模块；030-计算模块；040-输出模块
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。通着这些说明，本发明的特点和优点将变得更为清楚明确。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。
根据本发明提供一种“往复式”高速彩色3D打印机，该打印机包括图像处理模块和执行装置，其中：
所述图像处理模块包括接收模块010、分层模块020、计算模块030和输出模块040，用于接收图像信息，对接收到的图像信息做分层处理，并分别计算出每一层的颜色分布，进而计算出打印该图层时喷头的工作时间，最后，把计算出的信息传递至执行装置，用以控制执行装置工作。所述执行装置包括工作台4和设置在其上方的喷头组件3，其中所述工作台用以放置并固定待打印的工件6，即待打印物，所述喷头组件用以向所述待打印的工件(待打印物)上喷涂物料。
进一步地，所述喷头组件的长度与所述待打印的工件6宽度基本一致，或者所述喷头组件的长度略长于所述待打印的工件6的宽度，即，当所述待打印的工件6放置并固定在工作台上以后，喷头组件只需沿着X轴方向移动即可以把打待印的工件6的上表面喷涂满待喷涂的物料；通过将该喷头组件设置的足够长，可以免除了喷头组件沿Y轴方向的进给运动，从而大大地提高了打印效率。
本发明中所述的3D打印为采用类似于3D打印方式将可光固化的物料喷涂在物体的表面上以形成预定的图案，并且由于物料具有一定的厚度而形成了具有立体效果的图案，也可以称之为立体图片打印。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述喷头组件3包括多条并列排布的喷管31和与喷管并列排布的物料固化装置36，在所述喷管31上设置有多个喷嘴32，可参见图3、图4、图5。
根据本发明，所述多条喷管31内都盛装有物料，所述多条喷管31都分别独立地连接有供料恒压系统33，所述供料恒压系统33用以保证喷管31内物料充足；
根据本发明，在所述喷管31上设置有多个喷嘴32所述喷嘴32很细小，其最小直径可达纳米甚至皮米级，在每个喷嘴32上都设置有电压传感开关37，通过电压传感开关37控制喷嘴32是否喷料以及喷料量。由于喷管上紧密排列有极多的喷嘴，可以使得喷涂的物料均匀，液滴细小，当不同颜色的细 小物料液滴位于同一区域时，肉眼识别到的颜色即为组合后的颜色。
在一个优选的实施方式中，每个喷嘴32上的电压传感开关37都由导线35连通至控制芯片34，所述控制芯片与图像处理模块相连，对接收到的控制信息进行分解，以精确地控制各个喷嘴的工作，可参见图3、图4、图5中所示。
优选地，所述控制芯片34和导线35都设置在喷管内，以节约空间，减少喷管外的构造，同时能够避免过多的导线穿过喷管壁，从而降低密封导管的难度。
本发明使用的喷嘴可以是满足以上性能指标的商用或自制喷嘴，例如可以使用CN 1676331A公开的喷墨头及其制造方法，例如还可采用日本精工喷头(由日本精工电子集团所生产)、日本柯尼卡(KONICA)压电式喷头、日本爱普生(EPSON)、日本京瓷(KYOCERA)、日本理光(RICOH)、日本东芝(TOSHIBA)、英国赛尔(XAAR)工业喷墨喷头、美国北极星(SPECTRA)打印热发泡喷头、压电式喷头、美国泰鼎(TRIDENT)等等。
根据本发明，所述喷管31可以有多条，但至少包括用于盛装彩色物料的喷管和用于盛装白色基质物料的喷管，优选包括用于盛装红、黄、蓝色物料的喷管和用于盛装白色基质物料的喷管，因此所述喷管至少可以有4条，4条喷管内分别盛装不同颜色的物料，分别包括红色物料、黄色物料、蓝色物料和白色/透明色基质物料；进一步优选地，所述喷管还可以包括有一条或多条用于盛装黑色物料的喷管，更进一步地，所述的用于盛装白色/透明色基质物料的喷管设置有一条或多条，优选设置多条，从而有利于快速、多量地打印基质物料，不但降低成本，而且还大大提高了打印效率。
优选地，所述喷管有8条，分别用于盛装不同颜色的物料，其中，盛装黑色物料、盛装红色物料、盛装黄色物料、盛装蓝色物料的喷管各有一条，盛装白色/透明色基质物料的喷管有4条。
根据本发明，所述喷管中盛装的物料在喷管内呈液态，为了使从喷管经喷嘴喷出的物料快速固化，在所述喷头组件3中还设置有与所述多个喷管并列排布的物料固化装置36。
优选地，所述物料在紫外光的照射下能够快速固化，因此本发明中所述的物料固化装置36包括能够向外发射紫外光的紫外光灯或紫外光灯组，例如为LED紫外光灯组，所述紫外光灯可以有一个或两个或更多个，该紫外光灯有两个或更多个时，间隔设置在多条喷管之间，本发明中优选地设置两个紫外光灯，分别位于所述多条喷管的两侧，物料按照图像的形状喷洒在预定区域，在紫外光的照射下立即固化成型。
所述物料固化装置36配备有冷却系统，例如水冷却系统，可以避免紫外光灯温度过高，从而延长了紫外光灯的使用寿命。例如，在未冷却情况下，物料固化装置启动后温度可达50℃以上，有时达到80℃，甚至高达100℃，不但不利于紫外灯长期使用，而且也会影响喷嘴内的物料，使其溶剂蒸发后树脂物固结，从而堵塞喷嘴，影响打印正常进行。而通过冷却后，可以将其温度降低到40℃以下，优选降低至30℃以下，例如达到室温，或者温度介于15-25℃之间。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述冷却系统包括设置在紫外光灯361两侧的冷却水槽362，所述冷却水槽362有两个，呈半包围状围绕在紫外光灯附近，且所述两个冷却水槽362通过管道相连，使得其内部的冷却水能够循环流动，在两个冷却水槽362上都连接有冷却水管363，所述冷却水管363一端连接在冷却水槽362上，另一端连通至盛装有大量冷却水的冷却水箱365，在所述冷却水管363上设置有冷却水泵364，通过所述冷却水泵364为冷却系统中冷却水的循环提供动力；可参见图7、图8。
本发明快速彩色3D打印机中使用的物料可以是一种组合物，其包括光固化树脂和颜料，所述颜料包括白色或透明色的基质物料和彩色物料，所述光固化树脂为紫外光照射下发生光固化反应的树脂，为了液态使用，将树脂溶解和/或分散于溶剂中。
根据本发明，可以使用常规的光固化光敏树脂，如以下低聚物：纯丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯、改性丙烯酸酯(环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚脂丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、有机硅低聚物，可以是其中一种或多种的混合物形成。
根据本发明，可以将常规的无机颜料与光固化光敏树脂混合形成基质物料，优选将其溶于或悬浮于溶剂中，所述无机颜料例如可以是钛白颜料，所述溶剂例如可以为常用的有机溶剂，如醇类溶剂，酮类溶剂，酯类溶剂，优选醇类溶剂，更优选为乙醇或其水溶液。
根据本发明，可以将常规的彩色颜料与光固化光敏树脂混合形成彩色物料，优选将其溶于或悬浮于溶剂中，所述彩色颜料例如可以是各种无机、有机彩色颜料，优选有机彩色颜料，例如蒽醌类或酞菁类彩色颜料。所述溶剂例如可以为常用的有机溶剂，如醇类溶剂，酮类溶剂，酯类溶剂，优选醇类溶剂，更优选为乙醇或其水溶液。
本发明采用的打印用物料还可以包括各种添加剂，例如各种常规的阳离子引发剂、自由基引发剂、促进剂、流平剂、活性稀释剂、消泡剂等。
在优选的实施方式中，所述工作台4可以是能够移动的，也可以是固定不动的，如果工作台不动的话，工作台和喷头组件3之间的相对移动只有喷头组件沿着X轴方向移动时；工作台也可以是能够移动的，此时工作台可以控制其上的待打印件沿X轴移动或者沿Y轴移动，其移动的目的在于快速更换待打印件，尤其是当喷头组件连续工作时，通过工作平台的沿X轴或者沿Y轴移动，保证喷头组件的喷嘴下方至少有一个待打印件，以避免喷头组件空跑，进而充分提高打印效率。
本发明中优选地，所述X轴方向和Y轴方向都位于同一个水平面内，进一步地，所述工作台还能够在沿Y轴方向移动的同时沿竖直方向移动，如图2中所示，其中的Z轴方向表示竖直方向，本发明中，由于喷管组件一次移动即可完成打印作业，可以没有上述竖直方向移动。
在优选的实施方式中，如图1、图2中所示，所述执行装置还包括废液收集槽1和吸液装置5，所述废液收集槽1和吸液装置5都设置在喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动时所能经过的路径上。
根据本发明，当所述喷头组件沿X轴方向移动到所述废液收集槽1的上 方并且停车时，可以执行“散喷”作业，所述废液收集槽用于收集并盛装所述“散喷”作业喷出的废墨。本发明中所述的散喷是指喷管上所有的喷嘴同时向外最大限度地喷射物料的一种喷洒作业，由于物料具有挥发性，当物料尤其是物料中的溶剂成分挥发后，剩余部分很容易发生固化，从而堵塞喷嘴，所述散喷的目的在于通过喷嘴大量地向外喷料，使得在物料的流动过程中带走固化或者部分固化并且粘结在喷嘴上的物料，以避免固化了的物料堵塞喷嘴，保证喷嘴及喷头组件3的工作寿命和工作质量。
所述吸液装置5包括吸液接头51和负压机52，所述吸液接头与喷头组件上相匹配，当所述喷头组件沿X轴方向移动到所述吸液装置的上方并且停车时，所述吸液接头与喷头组件可以在竖直方向上相对移动，即喷头组件向下移动或者吸液接头向上移动，使得所述吸液接头与喷头组件密封连接，通过所述负压机提供动力将喷管及喷嘴内的物料及空气吸出。所述吸液装置主要在长时间停车后首次启动时工作，或者在发现打印质量不理想时工作，通过负压机提供外力将喷嘴中残留的物料和空气吸出，进而使得喷嘴中充满物料，没有断层。
在优选的实施方式中，所述吸液接头51呈一端开口的罩状，其开口的端面上设置有硅胶垫圈511，通过硅胶垫圈与喷头组件的紧密接触，使得喷嘴被密封在由喷头组件构成的密闭腔体内，可参见图9、图10中所示。
在所述吸液接头51的开口端附近设置有向外凸出的凸部512，在所述凸部512上开设有螺纹孔，在吸液接头51上还设置有穿过所述螺纹孔用于带电吸液接头51在竖直方向上下移动的螺杆513，通过电机等驱动机构带电螺杆513旋转，进而带动吸液接头向上移动，使得所述硅胶垫圈511与喷头组件紧密接触，进而形成密封空间。
在所述吸液装置5上还设置有刮板，所述刮板由硅胶等软质材料制成，当所述负压机完成抽吸作业后所述刮板在密闭腔体内移动，将喷嘴外部裸露粘结的物料挂掉，以保证喷嘴的整洁，使得喷嘴处于待机状态。
在优选的实施方式中，如图1、图2中所示，所述执行装置还包括用于控制喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动的X轴驱动装置2；，在所述机架8上设置有用于控制所述机架8沿Z轴方向移动的Z轴驱动装置9，本发明中所述的轴驱动装置2和Z轴驱动装置9都可以选用本领域中常用的驱动装置，各个驱动装置的驱动原理可以相同也可以不同，如带传动装置、齿轮齿条传递装置、滚珠丝杠等。
在一个优选的实施方式中，如图11中所示，所述执行装置包括多个喷头组件3，所述多个喷头组件3并列排布，所述多个喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动依次经过工作台4的上方，并分别向所述待打印的工件上喷涂物料，进一步地，多个喷头组件可以是一体的，也可以是分开的，可拆卸的，各个喷头组件都接收图像处理模块传递出的控制指令，当其移动至工作台上方时，按照指令要求喷洒物料，从而使得工作台上的待打印物在极短的时间内被喷洒上足够的物料，从而使得打印作业快速完成；
进一步地，执行装置包括多个喷头组件3时，多个喷头组件3中的多个喷管31中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选 地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料，即此时的多个喷头组件中喷管内的物料颜色可以根据喷头组件及喷管的位置决定，可以有多种组合方式，在满足使用要求的情况下，可根据所实际情况进行调整，本发明中不做特别限定。
在更进一步的优选实施方式中，如图12所示，所述执行装置还包括设置在所述工作台4上方的环形带7，所述环形带优选地为环形皮带；所述多个喷头组件3都安装在所述环形带7的外壁上，所述喷头组件上喷管的喷嘴朝向环形带7外侧，所述喷头组件随着环形带转动而沿着X轴方向依次经过工作台4的上方，并分别向所述待打印的工件上喷涂物料；当喷头组件位于除靠近工作台以外的其他位置时，由控制芯片控制而不会喷涂物料，这种设置方式可以避免喷头组件的往复运动，进一步提高打印效率。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述打印件中还设置有用于控制该环形带转动的转轴以及动力装置，所述转轴有多个。
同样，当所述执行装置包括环形带7，并且环形带7上安装有多个喷头组件3时，多个喷头组件3中的多个喷管31中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料，即此时的多个喷头组件中喷管内的物料颜色可以根据喷头组件及喷管的位置决定，可以有多种组合方式。
本发明中优选的实施方式为，当所述执行装置包括多个喷头组件3时，每个喷头组件上都设置有8条喷管，且其中有4条盛装白色/透明色基质物料，另外4条喷管分别盛装黑色、红色、黄色和蓝色物料，以便适应多种打印要求。
根据本发明，所述图像处理模块包括接收模块010、分层模块020、计算模块030和输出模块040。
如图6中所示，所述接收模块010用于接收待打印的图像信息，可以通过数据线、蓝牙等传送方式将待打印的图像信息传递至接收模块；
所述分层模块020用于根据图像的颜色深浅程度将图像分成多层，一般包括至少一层基质层和一层彩色层，因此最少需要分为两层，在此基础上也可以将图像分成更多层，即一层或多层基质层和一层或多层彩色层。基质层的存在即导致最终图像具有立体效果，基质层可以选择打印一次或多次，即一次打印较多基质物料形成较厚基质，或者多次打印基质物料，最终形成较厚基质，最后在基质层上打印彩色层，也可以基质层与彩色层交替打印。原则上可以选择设置任意数量的层数，具体层数根据期望的打印图像清晰程度及打印图像立体感强弱自由选择。也就是说，分出的层数越多，3D效果或立体感越强，打印质量也越高，相应也延长打印时间，当然，如果具有足够多的喷管，每个喷管喷涂一次也能完成相应的作业要求。
由分层模块分出的多个图片层中，至少有一个图片层中包含有带有待打印图像的色彩信息，该图片层的信息需要被传递至计算模块，通过计算模块来计算打印该图片层所需的颜色配比及相应的喷头工作状况；多个图片层中，还包括有记载着图像中深颜色区域信息的图片层，该图片层可以有多个，且不同图片层上记载的区域大小也可以是不同的；
其打印顺序是首先打印记载深颜色区域信息的图片层，且可以只用白色/透明色的物料打印，同为记载深颜色区域信息的图片层则优先打印记载的区域较大的图片层，所述记载深颜色区域信息的图片层都打印完成后，该待打印的工件上已经具有了一定厚度，再在此基础上打印所述带有待打印图像的色彩信息的图片层。上述打印过程主要适用于分层较少时的情况，如果分层很多，可以在打印所述记载深颜色区域信息的图片层的过程中适当插入带有待打印图像的色彩信息的图片层，以使得最终打印出的产品照片上凸起部分的侧部颜色均匀，立体感丰富。
所述计算模块030用于根据待打印图像的色彩信息计算打印该图片层所需的颜色配比及相应的喷头工作状况，即通过分析任意一点处颜色状况，计算出为打印该颜色所需要的原始物料的配比，所述原始物料包括红色物料、蓝色物料和黄色物料；为了便于控制，所述计算模块中还记载有每条喷管的编号，以及每条喷管中的物料颜色，上述信息可以人为输入和更改，以便适应设备的修改和调整。
所述输出模块用于将分层模块和计算模块传递出的信息统一发送至执行装置，对执行装置进行控制，包括控制执行装置上喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动和任选的工作台沿Z轴方向移动，还包括控制紫外光灯36的开闭，电压传感开关37在预定时刻开启，喷嘴喷洒物料。
本发明还提供一种采用上述彩色3D打印机进行快速打印的方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，获取图像信息，通过图像处理模块进行处理，
步骤2，将待打印物或工件6置于工作台4上，调整待打印物与喷头的距离，
步骤3，通过执行装置上的工作台4和喷头组件3协同作业，首先在工件或待打印物上打印基质物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，(一般有多个喷头组件时该步骤执行一次即可)
步骤4，通过执行装置上的工作台4和喷头组件3协同作业，在工件或待打印物上打印彩色物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，(一般有多个喷头组件时该步骤执行一次即可)
任选重复进行以上步骤3和4，直至打印完毕。
以上步骤1中，图像处理模块处理主要包括以下分步骤1’-3’：
步骤1’：向图像处理模块中的接收模块输入待打印的图像；
步骤2’：向分层模块中输入分层层数，
步骤3’：待计算模块计算完成并且将得到的数据通过输出模块传递至执行装置后启动执行装置。
以上步骤2中，将待打印物或工件6置于工作台4上，待打印物与喷头的距离原则上越近越好，但是前提是不能刮到喷头，为此，设置红外线测高传感器对待打印物的高度进行测量，一般控制待打印物与喷头的距离在0至20mm之间，优选1至15mm，更优选2至10mm，还优选3至5mm。
以上步骤3是在工件或待打印物上打印基质物料，可以打印一次或多次，视所需基质物料的厚度和打印效率而定；
以上步骤4是在工件或待打印物上打印彩色物料，可以是最后一次打印，即打印完彩色物料即结束打印；但需要打印图案立体或3D效果较明显或者基质物料的厚度较厚时，该彩色物料也可以打印多次，从而可以避免图案侧面露出基质材料。
以上步骤3和4需要通过执行装置上的工作台4和喷头组件3协同作业来完成。
根据本发明，在启动执行装置之前需要检查执行装置上的物料是否充足，设备状态是否正常，并且在启动前将待打印工件安装并固定在工作台上；
根据本发明，在执行装置执行打印作业之前，需要将喷头组件移动至吸液装置5上方，并对喷头组件上的喷管做吸液处理；
根据本发明，在打印过程中，每隔预定时间或者喷头组件沿X轴方向往复若干次以后需要将喷头组件移动至废液收集槽1上方，并执行散喷作业，本发明中优选地，喷头组件沿X轴方向往复移动3-15次，优选5-12次，更优选7-10次后执行一次散喷作业。
进一步地，在执行装置打印图像的过程中，首先是盛装有白色/透明色基质物料的喷管上的喷嘴喷洒物料，该喷管通过喷洒物料打印出白色或者透明色的图像，并且该图像有立体感，图像上的部分区域向外凸出，最后有盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色和黑色的喷管上的喷嘴喷洒物料，完成对待打印工件的打印作业。
优选地，待打印的工件的待打印区域为白色，以增强视觉效果，如果该待打印区域为非白色，可以考虑首先将该区域喷涂成白色，另外，本发明中所述的白色/透明色物料，优选为白色物料。
根据本发明提供的打印机及打印方法打印出的产品为彩色的、带有立体视觉效果的图像，该图像与输送至图像处理模块中的图像基本一致，区别在于该图像并不是平面图形，其在在颜色较深的区域具有一定的高度，即该区域向上凸出，增强了图像的立体感，显得更为生动、形象。
实施例1
待打印工件为手机外壳，计划在背面打印人物半身肖像照片。
为此，首先通过数据线或蓝牙将待打印的肖像照片数字信息传递至图像处理模块的接收模块；
根据要获得的立体或3D效果，例如肖像照片中人物脸庞轮廓、头发、上衣等希望出现凸起部位，设置不同深浅程度的颜色，然后根据图像的颜色深浅程度将图像分成多层，包括至少一层或多层基质层和一层或多层彩色层；
将对应基质层的图片层的信息传递至计算模块，通过计算模块来计算打印该图片层所需的颜色配比及相应的喷头工作状况；
将手机外壳置于工作台4上，调整待打印物与喷头的距离为3mm；
执行装置通过输出模块接收到计算模块计算得到的数据，然后启动，同时开启用于使物料固化的紫外光灯。喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动，在手机外壳上打印白色基质物料(其为钛白粉悬浮于丙烯酸类光固化树脂和乙醇溶液 中)，喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动的同时打印白色基质物料，视所需凸起的厚度，此步骤可进行一次或多次，从而获得厚度约1.1～1.5mm或更厚一些的白色基质层。
之后可以调整高度，即工作台沿Z轴的竖直方向向下移动，使得手机壳仍处于合适的可打印位置。
随后将对应彩色层的图片层的信息传递至计算模块，计算打印该图片层所需的颜色配比及相应的喷头工作状况；
喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动，在手机外壳的基质层上打印彩色物料(其为相应各彩色染料溶于丙烯酸类光固化树脂和乙醇溶液中)，喷头组件3沿X轴方向移动的同时打印彩色物料，此步骤可只进行一次，即获得最终产品，其效果为某些部位具有厚约1.1～1.5mm或更厚的凸起的彩色立体图像。
整个过程耗时约40-70秒，其中，图像处理时间约为30-50秒，打印执行时间为10-20秒(其中包括打印件的调试、准备时间)。
以上结合了优选的实施方式对本发明进行了说明，不过这些实施方式仅是范例性的，仅起到说明性的作用。在此基础上，可以对本发明进行多种替换和改进，这些均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 彩色3D打印机，其特征在于，
    该打印机包括图像处理模块和执行装置，其中，
    所述图像处理模块包括接收模块(010)、分层模块(020)、计算模块(030)和输出模块(040)，
    所述执行装置包括工作台(4)和喷头组件(3)，其中所述工作台(4)用以放置并固定待打印物，优选所述工作台(4)可沿Z轴方向竖直移动，所述喷头组件(3)用以向所述待打印物上喷涂物料，优选所述喷头组件(3)可沿一个方向，优选X轴方向水平移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的打印机，其特征在于，
    所述喷头组件(3)的长度大于或等于所述工作台(4)上的待打印物的宽度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的打印机，其特征在于，
    所述喷头组件(3)包括多条并列排布的喷管(31)和与喷管并列排布的物料固化装置(36)，在所述喷管(31)上设置有多个喷嘴(32)，和/或
    优选所述喷管(31)内盛装有物料，并分别独立地连接有供料恒压系统(33)。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，
    多个喷嘴(32)设置在所述喷管(31)上，喷嘴(32)最小直径为纳米至皮米级，在喷嘴(32)上设置有电压传感开关(37)，和/或
    优选喷嘴(32)上的电压传感开关(37)由导线(35)连通至控制芯片(34)，所述控制芯片(34)与图像处理模块相连，优选所述控制芯片(34)和导线(35)设置在喷管(31)内。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，所述物料固化装置(36)包括一个或两个或更多个紫外光灯，优选两个，分别位于所述多条喷管的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，所述执行装置还包括废液收集槽(1)和吸液装置(5)，所述废液收集槽(1)和吸液装置(5)都设置在喷头组件(3)沿X轴方向移动时所能经过的路径上，
    优选地，所述吸液装置(5)包括吸液接头(51)和负压机(52)，更优选地，所述吸液接头(51)呈一端开口的罩状，其开口的端面上设置有硅胶垫圈，在所述吸液装置(5)上还设置有刮板，所述刮板由硅胶等软质材料制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，
    所述喷管(31)至少包括用于盛装彩色(如红、黄、蓝色)物料的喷管和一条或多条用于盛装白色/透明色基质物料的喷管，优选有4条喷管；
    所述喷管还包括一条或多条用于盛装黑色物料的喷管，优选地，所述喷管(31)有8条，其中，盛装黑色、红色、黄色和蓝色物料的喷管各有一条，盛装白色/透明色基质物料的喷管有4条。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，所述执行装置包括多个喷头组件(3)，所述多个喷头组件(3)并列排布，所述多个喷头组件(3)可以沿X轴方向移动依次经过工作台(4)的上方，并分别向所述 待打印的工件上喷涂物料，
    优选地，多个喷头组件(3)中的多个喷管(31)中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8之一所述的打印机，其特征在于，在所述工作台(4)上方设置有环形带(7)，所述多个喷头组件(3)安装在所述环形带(7)外壁上，所述喷头组件(3)上喷管的喷嘴朝向环形带(7)外侧，所述喷头组件(3)可以随着环形带(7)绕着工作台转动而沿X轴方向依次经过工作台(4)的上方，并分别向所述待打印物上喷涂物料；
    优选地，所述环形带(7)为环形皮带；
    优选地，多个喷头组件(3)中的多个喷管(31)中至少有三条喷管内分别盛装有红色、黄色、蓝色物料，进一步优选地，还至少有一条喷管内盛装有黑色物料。
  10. 采用权利要求1至9之一所述的彩色3D打印机进行打印的方法，包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，获取图像信息，通过图像处理模块进行处理，
    步骤2，将待打印物或工件(6)置于工作台(4)上，调整待打印物或工件(6)与喷头的距离，
    步骤3，通过执行装置上的工作台(4)和喷头组件(3)协同作业，首先在工件或待打印物上打印基质物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，
    步骤4，通过执行装置上的工作台(4)和喷头组件(3)协同作业，在工件或待打印物上打印彩色物料，任选该步骤进行一次或重复多次，
    任选重复进行以上步骤3和4，直至打印完毕；
    其中，优选地，在步骤2中，将待打印物或工件(6)置于工作台(4)上，设置红外线测高传感器对待打印物的高度进行测量，待打印物与喷头的距离在2至10mm，优选3至5mm；
    优选地，在执行装置执行打印作业之前，将喷头组件(3)移动至吸液装置(5)上方，并对喷头组件上的喷管做吸液处理，和/或
    在打印过程中，每隔预定时间或者喷头组件沿X轴方向往复若干次以后将喷头组件移动至废液收集槽(1)上方，并执行散喷作业，优选地，喷头组件沿X轴方向往复移动7-10次后执行一次散喷作业。
PCT/CN2016/107118 2015-11-27 2016-11-24 高速往复式彩色3d打印机 WO2017088796A1 (zh)

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