Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
  • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
  • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
  • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/12—Powders or granules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing carboxylic groups or thio analogues thereof, directly attached by the carbon atom to a cycloaliphatic ring; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
  • A61K36/15—Pinaceae (Pine family), e.g. pine or cedar
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L93/00—Compositions of natural resins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
  • C08L93/04—Rosin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
  • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

• the invention relates to an aqua farming system.
• the invention further relates to treatment of water mould, bacterial coldwater disease, rainbow trout fry syndrome and columnaris disease.
• an aqua farming system comprising an active agent for inhibiting the growth of water mould Saprolegniosis and/or Flavobac- terium in said water system, wherein said active agent comprises coniferous resins acid(s) and/or alkali metal salt of coniferous rosin or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin.
• ventive embodiments are also disclosed in the specifica tion and drawings of this patent application.
• the in ventive content of the patent application may also be de fined in other ways than defined in the following claims.
• the inventive content may also be formed of several sepa rate inventions, especially if the invention is examined in the light of expressed or implicit sub-tasks or in view of obtained benefits or benefit groups. Some of the defi nitions contained in the following claims may then be un necessary in view of the separate inventive ideas. Fea tures of the different embodiments of the invention may, within the scope of the basic inventive idea, be applied to other embodiments.
• Coniferous resins acids are advantageously available in rosin, such as in spruce resin, and tall oil fraction ob tained as a by-product of a kraft pulping process of wood.
• Rosin primarily includes abietic acid type, e.g. abietic acid, dehydro abietic acid, and pimaric acid type, e.g. pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, resin acids.
• coniferous resin acid(s) are available in a wide variety of sources.
• Coniferous resin acids are typi cally of spruce or pine origin.
• coniferous resin acids are provided as "resin” or "rosin”.
• "resin” is a sol id or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin. Resin is usually a mixture of organic compounds.
• rosin is a solid form of res in produced by heating fresh liquid of resin to vaporize the volatile liquid terpene components. Rosin is also called colophony. The terms resin, rosin and colophony are also used synonymously in the literature.
• coniferous resin acids can be originated from any source.
• the resin acids are provided in a highly viscous form of native res in found on the trunk, stub and branches of coniferous trees. This form of resin acids is called as "resin" in the present invention.
• Rosinates i.e. alkali metal salt of coniferous rosin or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin are widely used as detergents in household cleaning purposes. They are available for example in Finland under brand names of Tolu Manty from Henkel and Mantysaippua from Foxtel, among others. These products are claimed to contain typically 15 - 30 wt.-% rosinate according to the manufacturers. The product used in example 5 (later in this description) con tained 13,2 wt.-% Sodium rosinate dissolved in water and alcohol .
• aquaculture also known as aquaculture
• aquaculture means in this description farming of fish, fish eggs in hatcheries, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae in freshwater or saltwater and under controlled condi tions .
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of an aqua farming system
• Figure 2 shows a cell-culture dish comprising Flavobacte- rium and coniferous resins acid(s) .
• the coniferous resins acid(s) or rosinate(s) is/are incorporated in rosin, such as in pine or spruce resin.
• the coniferous resins acid(s) comprises tall oil rosin, and/or gum rosin, and/or wood rosin.
• the rosinate comprises alkali metal salt of tall oil rosin or alkaline-earth metal salt of tall oil rosin .
• the active agent as is arranged to be dispensed in form of particles, granulates or solid units in water.
• the active agent is arranged to be mixed with a polymeric substrate.
• the polymeric substrate comprises poly amide, such as PA6 or PA66, or polyolefin, such as poly ethylene (PE) .
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of an aqua farming system.
• the active agent is arranged in a filtering element 1 arranged for filtering water in the aqua farming system 100.
• the active agent is arranged in granulate form, as such or mixed with the polymeric substrate, in the filtering element 1.
• the aqua farming system 100 is a system for growing edible fish or shellfish products.
• the active agent is arranged in a struc- tural element 2 of the aqua farming system 100.
• the structural element is a water pipe, such as a pipe 3 feeding recirculated water in a basin 6, a pipe 4 feeding water from the basin to the filtering el ement, and/or a pipe 5 feeding fresh water in the aqua farming system 100 from outside thereof.
• the aqua farming system 100 comprises a water basin 6, and the structural element 2 is a part of surface of said water basin.
• the farmed species is contacted a short residence time with the active agent.
• the residence time of the active agent in the aqua farming system is not more than 24 hours, and the concen tration of the active agent is in range of at least 0,1 ppm, preferably 0,2 ppm - 600 ppm, more preferably 0,3 ppm
• the farmed species is contacted a long residence time with the active agent.
• the residence time of the active agent in the aqua farming system is at least 24 hours, and the concentration of the active agent in range of at least 0,1 ppm, prefera bly 0,2 ppm - 5 ppm, more preferably 0,3 ppm - 5 ppm in water of said aqua farming system.
• the concentration of the alkali metal salt of coniferous rosin or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin in water is arranged in range of 100 ppm
• coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for the treatment of water mould ( Saprolegniosis) . In an embodiment, coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of water mould ( Saprolegniosis Parasitica) . In an embodiment, coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of water mould (Saprolegniosis Diclina) .
• coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of water mould (Saprolegniosis) in land locked salmon ( Salmo salar m. Sebago) .
• coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) . In an embodiment, coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) .
• BCWD bacterial coldwater disease
• RTFS rainbow trout fry syndrome
• coniferous resins acid(s) is/are used for treatment of columnaris disease.
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of water mould Saprolegniosis .
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of water mould Saprolegniosis parasitica .
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of water mould Saprolegniosis diclina.
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of water mould Saprolegniosis in land locked salmon Salmo salar m. Sebago .
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of bacteri al coldwater disease (BCWD) .
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) .
• alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt of coniferous rosin is used for treatment of colum- naris disease.
• a land locked salmon Salmo salar m. sebago got water mould ( Saprolegniosis) was arranged in a fish tank, the wolume of which were 10 liters. Furthermore, four healthy land locked salmons were arranged in the fish tank. Water was chanced in a continuous way in the fish tank by feeding water through a filter-bed at a rate 30 li ters/hour. Water temperature was 12 - 16 °C.
• the filter bed comprises pellets that were made of compo- sition of 300 grams polyamide 6 (PA6) and 200 grams of tall oil rosin.
• the ill salmon recovered in five days. The ill salmon did not infect the healthy salmons. Two weeks after the recov- ery of ill salmon, all five salmons were visually healthy.
• a land locked salmon ( Salmo salar m. sebago) got water mould (Saprolegniosis) was arranged in a circulating water aquarium comprising filter bed having pellets that were made of composition of 300 grams polyamide 6 (PA6) and 200 grams of tall oil rosin.
• PA6 polyamide 6
• the fish was kept in the aquarium for three hours, after which it was transferred to a fish tank, the volume of which were 10 liters. Water was chanced in a continuous way in the fish tank by feeding water through a filter-bed at a rate 30 liters/hour. Water temperature was 12 - 16 °C. The fish tank did not comprise active agent, and in the water therein was not added active agent.
• the fish recovered visually from the water mould and stayed healthy to the end of the experiment (one week) . There were also four healthy land locked salmons in the fish tank. They did not catch water mould during the ex periment .
• Flavobacterium psychrophilum was first al lowed to fill the petri dish in agar solution. Then, the small pieces and the pellets were added to the dish. The dish was kept at a temperature of 15 °C for five days.
• Figure 2 shows a cell-culture dish comprising Flavobacte rium and coniferous resins acid(s) after five days of add ing the active agent.
• the concentration of the active agent in water was about 0,5 ppm.
• Flavobacterium psychrophilum was effectively inhib ited .
• EXAMPLE 4 This test was designed to study rosin' s inhibition on gram-negative Flavobacterium columnaris on petri dish. Test included small pieces of rosin, polyethylene granules that had 30 wt.-% rosin and water contact angle adjustment with Pelestat 230.
• Flavobacterium psychrophilum was first al lowed to fill the petri dish in agar solution. Then, the small pieces and the pellets were added to the dish. The dish was kept at a temperature of 20 °C for five days.
• Formalin treatment was substituted with the treatment based on sodium salt of coniferous rosin as an active chemical. Otherwise the procedure was unchanged. Three different concentrations were tested. The active chemical had concentrations of 150 ppm, 1500 ppm and 5 wt.-%. The highest concentration (5 wt.-%) turned out to be too much and all eggs died in the first treatment. Two other con- centrations were used until the eggs hatched after four weeks. Survival rate with concentration 1500 ppm was 47 %. This is a satisfactory result against statistical result of suspected carcinogenic formaldehyde. Concentration 150 ppm turned out to be less effective, but still resulting survival rate of 27 %.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
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• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
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Citations (4)

• 2019
  • 2019-07-03 FI FI20195608A patent/FI128671B/en active IP Right Grant
• 2020
  • 2020-06-17 CA CA3145454A patent/CA3145454A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-06-17 EP EP20740677.8A patent/EP3993619A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-06-17 WO PCT/FI2020/050439 patent/WO2021001596A1/en unknown
• 2021
  • 2021-12-29 CL CL2021003546A patent/CL2021003546A1/es unknown

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