WO2020253884A1 - 一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法及高脆性铝合金挤压件 - Google Patents

一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法及高脆性铝合金挤压件 Download PDF

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WO2020253884A1
WO2020253884A1 PCT/CN2020/098941 CN2020098941W WO2020253884A1 WO 2020253884 A1 WO2020253884 A1 WO 2020253884A1 CN 2020098941 W CN2020098941 W CN 2020098941W WO 2020253884 A1 WO2020253884 A1 WO 2020253884A1
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aluminum alloy
alloy ingot
brittle
extrusion
ingot
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PCT/CN2020/098941
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈力
邹尚锋
严兰芳
李永超
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广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司
佛山坚美铝业有限公司
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Priority to GB2110344.5A priority Critical patent/GB2594865B/en
Publication of WO2020253884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253884A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/02—Cooling or heating of containers for metal to be extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/004—Composite billet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/023—Work treatment directly following extrusion, e.g. further deformation or surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/04—Cutting-off or removing waste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, in particular to an extrusion method of high brittle aluminum alloys and high brittle aluminum alloy extrusions.
  • high-brittle aluminum alloys are easy to crack due to their brittleness and direct extrusion.
  • the prior art mostly uses pure aluminum for sheath extrusion; this process requires that pure aluminum be machined in advance to form a sheath with a suitable size.
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy ingot to be extruded is sleeved in the sheath for extrusion; this extrusion process avoids direct contact between the extrusion cylinder and the brittle aluminum alloy, and improves the yield of the extrusion process.
  • this process requires sleeve making, and the existing sleeve making links are costly and the process is cumbersome, which greatly restricts the production of high-brittle aluminum alloys. Therefore, high-brittle aluminum alloys cannot be mass-produced.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high brittle aluminum alloy extrusion method, which has high production efficiency, simple process flow and can realize large-scale production.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a highly brittle aluminum alloy extruded part.
  • the present invention provides an extrusion method of high brittle aluminum alloy, including:
  • the elongation of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is less than 5%.
  • the diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is larger than the diameter of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the difference between the diameter of the extrusion cylinder and the diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is 5-7 mm;
  • the difference between the diameter of the extrusion cylinder and the diameter of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is 8-10 mm.
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy ingot is an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, and the Si content is ⁇ 20wt%; or
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy ingot is an aluminum-magnesium alloy ingot, and the content of Mg is ⁇ 10wt%; or
  • the high brittle aluminum alloy is a 7 series aluminum alloy, and its Al content is ⁇ 90wt%;
  • the plastic aluminum alloy ingots are selected from 3 series aluminum alloy ingots, 1 series aluminum alloy ingots or 6 series aluminum alloy ingots.
  • the sum of the length of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the length of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is 1000-1200 mm;
  • the length of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is 100-300 mm.
  • the length of the primary sheath is 10-50mm.
  • the thickness of the high-brittle aluminum alloy body is 30-100 mm; the thickness of the secondary sheath is 0.1-2 mm.
  • step (4) the rough pressure of the pier is 3000-5000kN.
  • step (1) the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 500-530°C;
  • step (3) the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot are loaded into the extrusion cylinder by a front loading method
  • step (5) the extrusion speed is 2-5m/min, and the straightening amount is 1-3%;
  • step (6) the secondary sheath is removed by turning.
  • the present invention also provides a highly brittle aluminum alloy extruded part, which is prepared by the aforementioned extrusion method.
  • a plastic aluminum alloy ingot is placed before the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot, and the preheating temperature of the two is controlled so that the extrusion die does not contact the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot during the extrusion process.
  • the extrusion yield rate is improved; this process is simple, does not need to make a separate sheath, and can be well integrated with the existing ordinary extrusion process, so that the high-brittle aluminum alloy extrusion process has the large-scale production capacity.
  • the present invention controls the rod diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot, as well as the control of the preheating temperature, so that a sheath is formed during the thickening process, which creates a good Preliminary conditions; and then in the subsequent extrusion process, the plastic aluminum alloy forms a good secondary sheathing of the high brittle alloy; it improves the extrusion success rate.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an extrusion method of a highly brittle aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses an extrusion method of high brittle aluminum alloy, which includes:
  • the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is selected from the 3 series aluminum alloy ingot, the 1 series aluminum alloy ingot or the 6 series aluminum alloy ingot, but it is not limited thereto.
  • 1060 or 1070 can be selected for 1 series aluminum alloy, but not limited to this; 3003 or 3A21 can be selected for 3 series aluminum alloy, but not limited to this; 6063, 6005, 6463 or 6060 can be selected for 6 series aluminum alloy.
  • the above-mentioned aluminum alloys have good plasticity and are easy to extrude.
  • the present invention uses 6063 as the plastic aluminum alloy. 6063 is the most common aluminum alloy with good plasticity and low cost.
  • Heating the plastic aluminum alloy ingot can further improve the flowability of the plastic aluminum alloy.
  • the plastic aluminum alloy is heated to 480-540°C, preferably, to 500-530°C.
  • the temperature after heating is generally higher than the commonly used extrusion temperature for plastic aluminum alloy ingots; taking 6063 as an example, currently, the commonly used 6063 extrusion temperature is 450-480°C; while the present invention uses 6063 When used as a plastic aluminum alloy ingot, its heating temperature is 500-520°C, which is conducive to the formation of a sheath in the subsequent roughing and extrusion process of the plastic aluminum alloy.
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy with a high degree of alloying, which is easy to crack and difficult to be extruded when a conventional extrusion process is used.
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy in the present invention is an aluminum-silicon alloy, and the Si content is ⁇ 20wt%, preferably, the Si content is ⁇ 26wt%; the extrusion performance of this aluminum-silicon alloy is very poor, and the conventional extrusion process is adopted Can't squeeze at all.
  • the high brittle aluminum alloy in the present invention can also be 7 series aluminum alloys, such as 7001, 7055, etc., but not limited to this; preferably, when the 7 series alloy is used, other alloying elements (Mg, Cu, Zn Etc.)
  • the content is ⁇ 10wt%, that is, the aluminum content is ⁇ 90wt%.
  • the extrusion performance of this 7-series aluminum alloy is very poor and cannot be extruded by conventional extrusion processes.
  • the high-brittle aluminum alloy in the present invention can also be an aluminum-magnesium alloy, and the content of magnesium therein is ⁇ 10wt%; this kind of aluminum-magnesium alloy is also difficult to extrude.
  • the scope of application of the extrusion method of the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned aluminum alloys, and can also be applied to other highly brittle aluminum alloys, such as 2-series aluminum alloys.
  • the high brittle aluminum alloy in the present invention can also be defined by the method of elongation. Specifically, the elongation of the high brittle aluminum alloy in the present invention is less than 5%, which is usually difficult to extrude.
  • the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is heated to 400-500°C; preferably, it is heated to 450-480°C.
  • the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot are loaded into the extrusion cylinder by the front loading method; the front loading method is more conducive to centering, and it is easy to form a uniformly coated sheath after extrusion.
  • the diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is larger than the diameter of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot, so that the plastic aluminum alloy can form a sheath on the high brittle aluminum alloy during the process of extrusion and piercing.
  • the difference between the diameter of the extrusion cylinder and the diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is 5-7mm; the difference between the diameter of the extrusion cylinder and the diameter of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is 8-10mm;
  • the difference between the diameter of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the diameter of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is 3 to 5 mm; such plastic aluminum alloy ingot and high brittle aluminum alloy ingot are easy to load and can better form a sheath.
  • the length of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot is 100 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm; the sum of the length of the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot is 1000 to 1200 mm; this dosage range
  • the plastic aluminum alloy ingot can form a good sheath, ensuring the smooth progress of the high brittle aluminum alloy extrusion.
  • the hydraulic press is used to roughen the ingot.
  • the roughness can make the plastic aluminum alloy ingot and the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot to be initially combined;
  • the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot is larger than that of the high brittle aluminum alloy ingot. Therefore, during the roughing process, the plastic aluminum alloy with high fluidity will partially flow to the surface of the high brittle aluminum alloy to form a primary sheath.
  • the rough pressure of the pier is 3000 ⁇ 5000kN; when the rough pressure of the pier is more than 5000kN, the length of the primary sheath is too long, resulting in too thin secondary sheath on the surface of the high brittle aluminum alloy body obtained in the early stage of extrusion, which reduces the extrusion Quality: When the rough pressure of the pier is less than 3000kN, the length of a sheath is too short, which leads to the complete exhaustion of the sheath on the surface of the body to be extruded in the later stage of the extrusion, which makes it difficult to complete the later extrusion and wastes raw materials.
  • the length of the one-time sheath is controlled to be 10-50mm.
  • the straightening is performed after the extrusion, and the straightening amount is 1 to 3%.
  • the overall thickness of the high brittle aluminum alloy body is 30-100mm, and the thickness of the secondary sheathing is 0.1-2mm.
  • the overall thickness of the high-brittle aluminum alloy body is 40-60 mm, and the thickness of the secondary cladding is 1-1.5 mm.
  • the present invention uses a lathe to cut and remove the secondary cladding on the surface of the high-brittle aluminum alloy blank to obtain a finished product of the high-brittle aluminum alloy extruded part.
  • the present invention is based on a deep understanding of the ingot flow during the extrusion process, and directly uses the aluminum alloy with higher plasticity to wrap the high brittle aluminum alloy to achieve the technical effect of not contacting the die during the extrusion process of the high brittle aluminum alloy, so that the extrusion There is no need for spare sets during the pressing process, which improves production efficiency.
  • a primary sheath and a secondary sheath are formed by thickening and extrusion, which greatly increases the extrusion speed and provides necessary conditions for the large-scale production of high-brittle aluminum alloys.
  • the present invention also discloses a highly brittle aluminum alloy extruded part, which is prepared by the aforementioned extrusion method.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，包括：将塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯加热后装载至挤压筒，并使得塑性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒前端，高脆性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒后端；然后进行墩粗、挤压、调直、去皮后得到高脆性铝合金挤压件成品。在高脆性铝合金锭坯前放置塑性铝合金锭坯，并通过对于两者预热温度的控制，使得挤压过程之中，挤压模具不与高脆性铝合金锭坯接触，提升了挤压成品率；工艺简单，不用单独制作包套，可与现有的普通挤压工艺良好融合，使得高脆性铝合金挤压工艺具备了规模化生产能力。

Description

一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法及高脆性铝合金挤压件 技术领域
本发明涉及铝合金技术领域，尤其涉及一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法及高脆性铝合金挤压件。
背景技术
通常高脆性铝合金因其脆性大，直接挤压易开裂，现有技术多采用纯铝进行包套挤压；这种工艺需要提前将纯铝进行机加工，形成尺寸贴合的包套，然后将待挤压高脆性铝合金锭坯套入包套之中，进行挤压；这种挤压工艺避免了挤压筒与脆性铝合金直接接触，提高了挤压工艺的成品率。然而，这种工艺需要制套，现有的制套环节成本高昂，流程繁琐，这大大制约了高脆性铝合金的生产，因此高脆性铝合金还不能进行规模化生产。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其生产效率高，工艺流程简单，可实现规模化生产。
本发明还要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种高脆性铝合金挤压件。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，包括：
(1)将塑性铝合金锭坯加热至480～540℃；
(2)将高脆性铝合金锭坯加热至400～500℃；
(3)将所述塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯装载至挤压筒，并使得塑性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒前端，高脆性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒后端；
(4)将塑性铝合金锭坯和高脆性铝合金锭坯进行墩粗，以使得塑性铝合金锭坯对所述高脆性铝合金锭坯形成一次包套，形成待挤压坯体；
(5)将所述待挤压坯体挤压、调直，得到具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体；
(6)将所述具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体进行去皮处理，得到高脆性铝合金挤压件成品；
其中，所述高脆性铝合金锭坯的延伸率＜5％。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述塑性铝合金锭坯的直径大于高脆性铝合金锭坯的直径。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述挤压筒直径与所述塑性铝合金锭坯直径之差为5～7mm；
所述挤压筒直径与所述高脆性铝合金锭坯直径之差为8～10mm。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述高脆性铝合金锭坯为铝硅合金锭坯，且其中Si含量≥20wt％；或
所述高脆性铝合金锭坯为铝镁合金锭坯，且其中Mg含量≥10wt％；或
所述高脆性铝合金为7系铝合金，且其Al含量≤90wt％；
所述塑性铝合金锭坯选用3系铝合金锭坯、1系铝合金锭坯或6系铝合金锭坯。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述塑性铝合金锭坯长度与所述高脆性铝合金锭坯长度之和为1000～1200mm；
所述塑性铝合金锭坯的长度为100～300mm。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述一次包套的长度为10～50mm。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤(5)中，所述高脆性铝合金坯体的厚度为30～100mm；所述二次包套的厚度为0.1～2mm。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤(4)中，墩粗压力为3000～5000kN。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤(1)中，将塑性铝合金锭坯加热至500～530℃；
步骤(3)中，采用前上料方式将所述塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯装载至挤压筒；
步骤(5)中，挤压速度为2～5m/min，调直量为1～3％；
步骤(6)中，采用车削去除所述二次包套。
相应的，本发明还提供了一种高脆性铝合金挤压件，其采用上述的挤压方法制备而得。
实施本发明，具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明在高脆性铝合金锭坯前放置塑性铝合金锭坯，并通过对于两者预热温度的控制，使得挤压过程之中，挤压模具不与高脆性铝合金锭坯接触，提升了挤压成品率；这种工艺简单，不用单独制作包套，可与现有的普通挤压工艺良好融合，使得高脆性铝合金挤压工艺具备了规模化生产能力。
2.本发明通过对于塑性铝合金锭坯以及高脆性铝合金锭坯的棒径的控制，以及预热温度的控制，使得在墩粗过程中形成了一次包套，为挤压创造了良好的前序条件；进而在后续挤压过程之中，塑性铝合金对高脆性合金形成了良好的二次包套；提升了挤压成功率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。仅此声明，本发明在文中出现或即将出现的上、下、左、右、前、后、内、外等方位用词，仅以本发明的附图为基准，其并不是对本发明的具体限定。
参见图1，本发明公开了一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其包括：
S1：将塑性铝合金锭坯加热至480～540℃；
其中，塑性铝合金锭坯选用3系铝合金锭坯、1系铝合金锭坯或6系铝合金锭坯，但不限于此。
具体的，1系铝合金可选用1060或1070，但不限于此；3系铝合金可选用3003或3A21，但不限于此；6系铝合金可选用6063、6005、6463或6060。上述铝合金均塑性较佳，易于挤压。优选的，本发明选用6063作为塑性铝合金，6063是最为常见的铝合金，其塑性良好，且成本低。
将塑性铝合金锭坯加热可进一步提升塑性铝合金的可流动性，在本发明中，将塑性铝合金加热至480～540℃，优选的，加热至500～530℃。
需要说明的是，此处加热后温度一般要高于塑性铝合金锭坯常用的挤压温度；以6063为例，目前，常用的6063的挤压温度为450～480℃；而本发明采用6063作为塑性铝合金锭坯时，其加热温度为500～520℃，这样才有利于塑性铝 合金在后续墩粗、挤压过程中形成包套。
S2：将高脆性铝合金锭坯加热至400～500℃；
其中，所述高脆性铝合金为合金化程度很高的铝合金，其采用常规挤压工艺时，容易拉裂，难以挤压。
具体的，本发明中的高脆性铝合金为铝硅合金，且其中Si含量≥20wt％，优选的，Si含量≥26wt％；这种铝硅合金的挤压性能很差，采用常规挤压工艺根本无法挤压。
本发明中的高脆性铝合金也可为7系铝合金，如7001、7055等，但不限于此；优选的，当采用7系合金时，除了铝以外的其他合金元素(Mg、Cu、Zn等)含量≥10wt％，即铝含量≤90wt％。这种7系铝合金的挤压性能很差，采用常规挤压工艺无法挤压。
本发明中的高脆性铝合金也可为铝镁合金，且其中镁的含量≥10wt％；此种铝镁合金也难以挤压。
需要说明的是，本发明中的挤压方法的适用范围不限于上述的铝合金，亦可适用于其他高脆性的铝合金，如2系铝合金等。
本发明中的高脆性铝合金亦可采用延伸率的方法进行定义，具体的，本发明中高脆性铝合金的延伸率＜5％，这种铝合金通常难以挤压。
具体的，在本步骤中，将高脆性铝合金锭坯加热到400～500℃；优选的，加热至450～480℃。
S3：将所述塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯装载至挤压筒，并使得塑性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒前端，高脆性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒后端；
优选的，采用前上料方式将塑性铝合金锭坯和高脆性铝合金锭坯装载到挤压筒；前上料方式更加利于对中，在挤压后容易形成均匀包覆的包套。
优选的，塑性铝合金锭坯的直径大于高脆性铝合金锭坯的直径，以使得在挤压和墩粗的过程中，塑性铝合金能够对高脆性铝合金形成包套。进一步优选的，所述挤压筒直径与所述塑性铝合金锭坯直径之差为5～7mm；所述挤压筒直径与所述高脆性铝合金锭坯直径之差为8～10mm；即塑性铝合金锭坯的直径与高脆性铝合金锭坯直径之差为3～5mm；这样的塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯易于装载，同时能更好的形成包套。
优选的，在本发明中，塑性铝合金锭坯的长度为100～300mm，优选的为 100～200mm；塑性铝合金锭坯与高脆性铝合金锭坯长度之和为1000～1200mm；此用量范围的塑性铝合金锭坯能形成良好的包套，确保高脆性铝合金挤压的顺利进行。
S4：将塑性铝合金锭坯和高脆性铝合金锭坯进行墩粗，以使得塑性铝合金锭坯对所述高脆性铝合金锭坯形成一次包套，形成待挤压坯体；
具体的，将塑性铝合金锭坯和高脆性铝合金锭坯加载至挤压筒以后，采用液压机进行墩粗，墩粗可以使得塑性铝合金锭坯与高脆性铝合金锭坯初步结合；由于塑性铝合金锭坯的直径大于高脆性铝合金锭坯，故在墩粗的过程中，高流动性的塑性铝合金会部分流动至高脆性铝合金表面，形成一次包套。
具体的，墩粗压力为3000～5000kN；当墩粗压力＞5000kN时，一次包套长度过长，导致挤压前期得到的高脆性铝合金坯体表面的二次包套过薄，降低挤压质量；当墩粗压力＜3000kN时，一次包套长度过短，导致挤压后期时，待挤压坯体表面的一次包套完全用尽，难以完成后期挤压，浪费原料。
优选的，在墩粗后，控制一次包套的长度为10～50mm。
S5：将所述待挤压坯体挤压、调直，得到具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体；
具体的，在墩粗后，进行挤压。挤压过程中，由于锭坯中部的流速比周围的流速大；故先得到一些纯塑性铝合金挤压件；随着挤压工艺的继续进行，高脆性铝合金被挤出，挤压速度为2～5m/min；本发明的特殊挤压工艺使得高脆性铝合金的挤压速度大幅提高；当不采用包套工艺进行挤压时，高脆性铝合金挤压速度＜0.5m/min；采用现有技术中纯铝包套后，挤压速度可达到1～3m/min；而本发明可达到2～5m/min；挤压速度远大于现有技术，为高脆性铝合金的规模化挤压提供基础。
具体的，在挤压后进行调直，调直量为1～3％。
在挤压后，高脆性铝合金坯体整体厚度为30～100mm，二次包套的厚度为0.1～2mm。优选的，挤压后，高脆性铝合金坯体整体厚度为40～60mm，二次包套的厚度为1～1.5mm。
S6：将所述具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体进行去皮处理，得到高脆性铝合金挤压件成品。
具体的，本发明采用车床切削去除高脆性铝合金坯体表面的二次包套，以 得到高脆性铝合金挤压件成品。
本发明基于对挤压过程中锭坯流动的深刻理解，直接采用塑性较高的铝合金对高脆性铝合金进行包套，达到高脆性铝合金挤压过程中不接触模具的技术效果，使得挤压过程中无需备套，提升了生产效率。同时通过墩粗与挤压分别形成一次包套与二次包套，大幅提升了挤压速度，为高脆性铝合金规模化生产提供了必要条件。
相应的，本发明还公开了一种高脆性铝合金挤压件，其采用上述挤压方法制备而得。
以上所述是发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (1)将塑性铝合金锭坯加热至480～540℃；
    (2)将高脆性铝合金锭坯加热至400～500℃；
    (3)将所述塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯装载至挤压筒，并使得塑性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒前端，高脆性铝合金锭坯位于挤压筒后端；
    (4)将塑性铝合金锭坯和高脆性铝合金锭坯进行墩粗，以使得塑性铝合金锭坯对所述高脆性铝合金锭坯形成一次包套，形成待挤压坯体；
    (5)将所述待挤压坯体挤压、调直，得到具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体；
    (6)将所述具有二次包套的高脆性铝合金坯体进行去皮处理，得到高脆性铝合金挤压件成品；
    其中，所述高脆性铝合金锭坯的延伸率＜5％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，所述塑性铝合金锭坯的直径大于高脆性铝合金锭坯的直径。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，所述挤压筒直径与所述塑性铝合金锭坯直径之差为5～7mm；
    所述挤压筒直径与所述高脆性铝合金锭坯直径之差为8～10mm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，所述高脆性铝合金锭坯为铝硅合金锭坯，且其中Si含量≥20wt％；或
    所述高脆性铝合金锭坯为铝镁合金锭坯，且其中Mg含量≥10wt％；或
    所述高脆性铝合金为7系铝合金，且其Al含量≤90wt％；
    所述塑性铝合金锭坯选用3系铝合金锭坯、1系铝合金锭坯或6系铝合金锭坯。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，所述塑性铝合金锭坯长度与所述高脆性铝合金锭坯长度之和为1000～1200mm；
    所述塑性铝合金锭坯的长度为100～300mm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，所述一次包套的长度为10～50mm。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，所述高脆性铝合金坯体的厚度为30～100mm；所述二次包套的厚度为0.1～2mm。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，墩粗压力为3000～5000kN。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的高脆性铝合金的挤压方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，将塑性铝合金锭坯加热至500～530℃；
    步骤(3)中，采用前上料方式将所述塑性铝合金锭坯、高脆性铝合金锭坯装载至挤压筒；
    步骤(5)中，挤压速度为2～5m/min，调直量为1～3％；
    步骤(6)中，采用车削去除所述二次包套。
  10. 一种高脆性铝合金挤压件，其特征在于，其采用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的挤压方法制备而得。
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