CN108468005A - 一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108468005A CN108468005A CN201810135298.5A CN201810135298A CN108468005A CN 108468005 A CN108468005 A CN 108468005A CN 201810135298 A CN201810135298 A CN 201810135298A CN 108468005 A CN108468005 A CN 108468005A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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- ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl(.) Chemical compound 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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making alloys
- C22C1/02—Making alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于解决目前的铝合金棒材强度低、生产工艺复杂、生产效率低的6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产工艺方法，其步骤为：将铝合金依次进行熔铸、均匀化、铣面、热挤压、固溶、等通道转角挤压和预拉伸，在挤压过程中加热保温进行动态时效热处理然后直接进行预拉伸工艺，挤压、热处理和预拉伸工艺实现一体化与连续化，实现真正意义上的高性能、低成本、短流程，解决镁合金成形效率低的问题。
Description
一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材生产工艺
技术领域
[0001]本发明属于冶金技术领域，特别涉及一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产 工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 铝合金因其密度低、比强度和比刚度高、耐腐蚀、易成形、导电性和导热性良好、可 进行表面处理、易回收等优点，被认为是21世纪绿色工程材料，在建筑型材、交通运输、3C产 品等领域的应用越来越广泛。其中6000系铝合金属于Al-Mg-Si系合金，为可热处理强化的 中高强度铝合金，具有一系列的优异综合性能：良好的成形性、耐蚀性和阳极氧化着色性 能，在汽车、航天、建筑装饰等领域逐渐替代了钢铁等金属材料。
[0003] 通过铸造直接获得的铝合金内部疏松、气孔等缺陷种类和数量均较多，热变形工 艺显著改善材料的显微组织，细化晶粒，显著提高性能。铝合金变形技术种类繁多，其中铝 挤压材(棒、管、型材)一直是仅次于铝轧制材(带、板、条材)的铝合金应用型材料，铝合金挤 压棒材的制备可通过调整挤压工艺，模具设计及后续热处理调整来改进传统工艺中利用率 低，力学性能欠佳的问题，然而，这并没有从根本上解决当前铝合金棒材生产工艺所出现的 问题。比如，传统的6000系铝合金挤压棒材经过熔铸一均匀化一挤压成形一固溶时效工序， 其中，最新开发的挤压铝合金中，6182铝合金T6状态下抗拉强度340MPa、延伸率14%，6013 铝合金T6状态下抗拉强度359MPa、延伸率12%，6061铝合金了6状态下抗拉强度3471?&、延伸 率12%，而目前工艺面临如下问题：（1)在生产过程中由于模具内腔形状约束和摩擦力作用 使金属表面再结晶温度降低而出现粗大的晶粒组织，即粗晶环；（2)挤压变形不充分造成晶 粒粗大影响机械综合性能“3)常规的热处理工艺导致提升的强度有限；（4)淬火后棒材残 余应力无法消除造成的错材变形；（5)整个工艺流程设备结构分散，成品周期长，生产效率 低。因此，通过采用大变形量的挤压工艺，实施新型的热处理工艺，提高产品质量同时缩短 生产周期是生产铝合金棒材的必然发展趋势。
发明内容
[0004]本发明针对现有铝合金棒材强度低和生产工艺复杂、生产效率低的关键技术问 题，开发出一种6〇〇〇系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产工艺方法，其步骤为:将铝合金依次 进行熔铸、均匀化、铣面、热挤压、固溶、等通道转角挤压和预拉伸，在挤压过程中加热保温 进行动态时效热处理然后直接进行预拉伸工艺，挤压、热处理和预拉伸工艺实现一体化与 连续化，实现真正意义上的高性能、低成本、短流程，解决镁合金成形效率低的问题;其具体 过程为：
[0005] 1)熔铸:所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为啦:〇.5〇〜2.10%， Si:0.40〜1.50%，Mn:0.03〜0.85%，Cu:0.01〜2.00%，Zr:0.01〜0.75%，Cr:0.01〜 0.60%，Ti:0_01〜0.80%，Zn:0.01〜1.20%，其余为A1和其他不可避免的杂质；其具体过 程为：
[0006] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Cu、Zn、Al-Si、Al-Mn、 Al-Cr、Al-Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0007] ②将坩埚升至74(TC，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀；
[0008] ③将坩埚降至720°C，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，再除渣，浇注到 有冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0009] 2)均匀化铣面:均匀化温度525〜570°C，保温时间6〜10h，锯切成长度lOOmtn圆柱 体并铣面去氧化皮；
[0010] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为420〜480°C，挤压速度1〜 10mm/s；
[0011] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度530〜560°C，保温20〜60min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要 求小于5s;
[0012] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为25〜20(TC，挤压速 度1 〜10mm/s;
[0013] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0.2〜0.7mm/s，形变量：1〜 5%，最终形成一定尺寸的招合金棒材制品。
[0014]上述的挤压模具分为两种，第一种模具的内腔为两个圆柱体和中间过渡组成，上 圆柱体直径100mm，下圆柱体直径25mm，过渡段长为600mm;第二种模具为等直径圆柱通道， 直径为25mm，其中通道中有三个90°的转角，外接弧角为21.9°，转角的方向互不相同。
[0015]本发明的机理及优点简述如下：
[0016] 1、等通道转角挤压又称ECAP技术，是利用两个相交的等截面通道组成的挤压模 具，在交截面处(剪切平面)产生近似于纯剪切变形的方式来实现棒材大塑性变形的工艺。 棒材在剪切力的作用下，通过塑性变形使得晶粒位错增加，形成小角度晶界，而粗大的晶粒 也通过位错被分割成数个相近位相差的亚晶，随着变形量的增大，一部分亚晶被破坏形成 具有大角度界面的等轴晶组织，最后，亚晶带消失，随着剪切变形量的增加，晶粒位向差继 续增大，大角度晶界形成，形成更小的微米级晶粒，根据细晶强化理论，棒材组织的晶粒越 细小，晶界密度越高，对位错的阻碍作用越明显，其强韧性也就越高;此外，在动态时效过程 中，大量位错群周围0〃析出相的尺寸和分布及其与位错的交互作用对增强材料的强度和韧 性起到了重要的作用。
[0017] 2、上述的热挤压一固溶一等通道转角挤压一预拉伸工艺流程在一套设备上进行， 其中一定温度下的等通道转角挤压与传统热处理工艺铝棒材挤压后再经固溶时效相比缩 短了约8倍的周期，综合机械性能提高了20 %以上。此外，预拉伸可以将铝合金棒材残余应 力减少80%以上，直接可以应用到各领域，明显提高了生产效益和产品质量。
[0018] 3、本发明设计的一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材综合性能优越。抗拉强度:400 〜510MPa，屈服强度：330〜470MPa，延伸率：12〜21%，硬度：175〜220HV，残余应力L-T:3 〜-15MPa，T-L: 4〜-25MPa，而普通的6000系合金经过T6热处理后板材的性能：抗拉强度： 280〜380Mpa，屈服强度：220〜350MPa，延伸率：5〜17%，硬度120〜150HV。
附图说明
[0019] 图1为本发明实施例1中的经预拉伸矫直的铝合金棒材产品照片图。
[0020] 图2为传统的铝合金棒材产品的金相组织显微照片图。
[0021] 图3为本发明实施例1中的铝合金棒材产品的金相组织显微照片图。
具体实施方式
[0022] 本发明用下列实施例来进一步说明本发明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于下列实 施例。
[0023] 实施例1
[0024] 1)熔铸：所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为Mg:0.70%，Si: 0.60%，1^:0.03%，〇1:0.15%，21':0.15%，0:0.01%，1^:0.01%，211:0.03%，其余为八1和 其他不可避免的杂质。
[0025] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Zn、Cu、Al-Si、Al-Mn、 Al-Cr、Al-Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0026] ②将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀；
[0027] ③将坩埚降至72(TC，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，除渣，浇注到有 冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0028] 2)均匀化并铣面:均匀化温度555°C，保温时间8h，锯切成长度100mm圆柱体并铣面 去氧化皮；
[0029] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为450°C，挤压速度5mm/s; [0030] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度545°c，保温45min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小于5s;
[0031] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为70°C，挤压速度 4mm/s；
[0032] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0 • 3mm/s，形变量:3 %，最终 形成一定尺寸的铝合金棒材制品。
[0033]最终大变形挤压铝合金棒材的实物照片如图1所示，该棒材的金相显微组织如图3 所示，与传统挤压成形的铝合金产品的金相显微组织结果如图2所示。
[0034] 抗拉强度:420MPa，屈服强度：370MPa，延伸率：12 %，硬度：187HV，残 lMPa，T-L:-2MPa，
[0035] 实施例2
[0036] 1)熔铸：所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为Mg〇.80%，Si: 0.70%，1^:0.50%，(：11:0.15%，21':0.01%，0:0.40%，打：0.80%，211:0_01%，其余为八1和 其他不可避免的杂质。
[0037] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至70(TC，加入预加热处理的Al、Zn、CU、Al-Si、Al-Mn、 Al-Cr、Al-Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0038]②将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀；
[0039]③将坩埚降至720°C，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，除渣，浇注到有 冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0040] 2)均匀化并铣面:均匀化温度560°C，保温时间8h，锯切成长度lOOmra圆柱体并铣面 去氧化皮；
[0041] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为440°C，挤压速度3ram/s; [0042] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度555°C，保温40min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小于5s;
[0043] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为80°C，挤压速度 3mm/s；
[OO44] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0.3mm/s，形变量:3%，最终 形成一定尺寸的铝合金棒材制品。
[0045] 抗拉强度：425MPa，屈服强度：349MPa，延伸率：16 %，硬度：195HV，残余应力L-T: 3MPa，T-L:lMPa〇 [0046] 实施例3
[0047] 1)熔铸：所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为Mg: 1.00%，Si: 0.70%，]^:0.50%，〇1:0.15%，21':0.01%，0:0.40%，11:0.80%，211:0.01%，其余为八1和 其他不可避免的杂质。
[0048] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Zn、Cu、Al-Si、Al_Mn、 Al-Cr、Al_Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0049] ②将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀；
[0050] ③将坩埚降至720°C，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，除渣，浇注到有 冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0051] 2)均匀化并铣面:均匀化温度555°C，保温时间7h，锯切成长度100mm圆柱体并铣面 去氧化皮；
[0052] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为430°C，挤压速度3mm/S;
[0053] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度545°C，保温60min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小于5s;
[0054] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为ll〇°C，挤压速度 3mm/s；
[0055] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0.4mm/S，形变量:3%，最终 形成一定尺寸的招合金棒材制品。
[0056] 抗拉强度:442MPa，屈服强度:410MPa，延伸率：15 %，硬度：196HV，残余应力1-1':-5MPa，T-L:_7MPa，
[0057] 实施例4
[0058] 1)熔铸：所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为Mg: 1.00%，Si: 0.70%，!《11:0.50%，〇1:0.25%，2〇0.15%，0:0.40%，11:0.80%，211:0.01%，其余为六1和 其他不可避免的杂质。
[0059] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Cu、Zn、Al-Si、Al-Mn、 Al-Cr、Al-Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0060]②将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀；
[0061] ③将坩埚降至72(TC，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，除渣，浇注到有 冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0062] 2)均匀化并铣面:均匀化温度555°C，保温时间8h，锯切成长度100mm圆柱体并铣面 去氧化皮；
[0063] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为450°C，挤压速度2_/s; [0064] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度550°C，保温50min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小于5s;
[0065] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为80°C，挤压速度 3mm/s；
[0066] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0.4mm/s，形变量:3%，最终 形成一定尺寸的招合金棒材制品。
[0067] 抗拉强度：448MPa，屈服强度：410MPa，延伸率：14%，硬度：184HV，残余应力L-T: 5MPa，T_L:4MPa，
[0068] 实施例5
[0069] 1)熔铸：所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分（质量％)为Mg: 1.00%，Si: 0.80%，]^:0.50%，(：11:0.25%，2〇0.25%，0:0.50%，1'1:0.80%，211:0.15%，其余为六1和 其他不可避免的杂质。
[0070] ①坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Zn、Cu、Al-Si、Al-Mn、 Al-Cr、Al_Zr、Al-Ti 合金；
[0071]②将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合 金在溶液内完全溶化，搅拌均勾；
[0072]③将坩埚降至720°C，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，除渣，浇注到有 冷却装置的圆柱体(直径为100mm)铜金属模具中；
[0073] 2)均匀化并铣面:均匀化温度560°C，保温时间7h，锯切成长度100mm圆柱体并铣面 去氧化皮；
[0074] 3)热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具1腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆 柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为410°C，挤压速度2mm/S; [0075] 4)固溶处理：固溶温度545°C，保温50min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小于5s;
[0076] 5)等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具2腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑 剂，将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为85°C，挤压速度 4mm/s；
[0077] 6)预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:0 • 4mm/s，形变量:2.5%，最 终形成一定尺寸的铝合金棒材制品。
[0078] 抗拉强度:465MPa，屈服强度:432MPa，延伸率：I7%，硬度：186HV，残余应力L-T: 2MPa,T-L：4MPa〇
[0079]综上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用来限定本发明实施的范围，凡依 本发明权利要求范围所述的形状、构造、特征及精神所作的均等变化与修饰，均应包括在本 发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种6000系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产工艺方法，其步骤为： 1) 熔铸：按质量百分比计，所使用的6000系铝合金的化学组成成分为Mg:0.50〜 2.10%，Si:0.40〜1.50%，Mn:0.03〜0.85%，Cu:0.01〜2.00%，Zr:0.01〜0.75%，Cr: 0.01〜0.60%，Ti :0.01〜0.80%，Zn: 0.01〜1.20%，其余为A1和其他不可避免的杂质，其 具体过程为： ① 坩埚放置中频炉内加热至700°C，加入预加热处理的Al、Cu、Zn、Al-Si、Al-Mn、Al-Cr、 Al-Zr、Al-Ti 合金； ② 将坩埚升至740°C，将预加热的Mg合金加至熔融状态的铝合金熔液内，直到Mg合金在 熔液内完全熔化，搅拌均匀； ③ 将坩埚降至720°C，保温20min，并用预处理过的六氯乙烷除气，再除渣，浇注到有冷 却装置的圆柱体(直径为lOOram)铜金属模具中； 2) 均匀化铣面:均匀化温度525〜570°C，保温时间6〜10h，锯切成长度100mm圆柱体并 铣面去氧化皮； 3) 热挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具一腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂，将圆柱形 坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为420〜48(TC，挤压速度1〜10mm/ s； 4) 固溶处理：固溶温度530〜560°C，保温20〜60min，转移到25°C水中，转移时间要求小 于5s; 5) 等通道转角挤压:在圆柱形坯料表面、挤压模具两腔内壁和挤压杆表面涂抹润滑剂， 将圆柱形坯料放置模具内挤压，坯料预加热温度与模具温度一致，为25〜2〇0°C，挤压速度1 〜10mm/s; 6) 预拉伸:将挤出的棒材直接进行预拉伸，拉伸速度:〇. 2〜〇 • 7mm/s，形变量：1〜5 %， 最终形成一定尺寸的铝合金棒材制品。
2. 如权利要求1所述的一种6〇〇〇系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产工艺方法，其特征 在于:所述挤压模具的内腔为两个圆柱体和中间过渡组成，上圆柱体直径100mm，下圆柱体 直径25mm，过渡段长为600mm。
3. 如权利要求1所述的一种6〇〇〇系铝合金大变形挤压棒材连续生产工艺方法，其特征 在于:所述的挤压模具为等直径圆柱通道，直径为25mm，其中通道中有三个90°的转角，外接 弧角为21.9°，转角的方向互不相同。
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