WO2020253462A1 - 电机 - Google Patents

电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020253462A1
WO2020253462A1 PCT/CN2020/091600 CN2020091600W WO2020253462A1 WO 2020253462 A1 WO2020253462 A1 WO 2020253462A1 CN 2020091600 W CN2020091600 W CN 2020091600W WO 2020253462 A1 WO2020253462 A1 WO 2020253462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circle
magnet
housing
outer contour
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/091600
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚红宇
江远
邱湘淮
林德增
许辅吉
施炳等
Original Assignee
广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司 filed Critical 广东肇庆爱龙威机电有限公司
Priority to EP20826099.2A priority Critical patent/EP3985838A4/en
Priority to JP2021575384A priority patent/JP7256299B2/ja
Priority to US17/619,974 priority patent/US20220360132A1/en
Priority to KR1020227001166A priority patent/KR20220031012A/ko
Publication of WO2020253462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253462A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the utility model belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a motor with improved shell shape and magnet shape.
  • the components of a motor generally include rotors, permanent magnets, housings and other components.
  • various improvements have been proposed in the prior art.
  • One option is to select new materials.
  • the currently mature option is to use rare earth permanent magnet materials to replace ferrite permanent magnet materials. Because permanent magnets made of rare earth permanent magnet materials have a higher magnetic energy product, a smaller volume can be achieved. However, the price of rare earth permanent magnet materials is relatively higher.
  • FIG. 3 shows various shape designs of various parts of the motor in the prior art.
  • Figure 3(a) is a motor with a square shell with a circular arc transition, the shell has a constant thickness, and multiple magnets are arranged on the straight sides of the square shell;
  • Figure 3(b) shows a This kind of motor with a round housing and round magnets, this design is the most common;
  • the housing in Figure 3 (c) is similar to the housing in Figure 3 (a), which is similar to the scheme in Figure 3 (a)
  • the difference is that the inner contour of the housing is circular, and the magnets are set at the position corresponding to the arc transition;
  • the motor housing in Figure 3(d) is a regular polygon, and multiple discontinuous magnets are set on the flat side of the polygon .
  • all of the above solutions have their own shortcomings, failing to achieve a better balance between motor performance and size/weight/cost.
  • a motor includes a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, wherein the stator assembly includes a housing and a magnet, the rotor assembly includes a rotor, and the rotor, the magnet and the housing are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside, from the axial direction From above, the outer contour of the housing does not exceed the circumference of the first circle in the radial direction, and the outer contour of the housing coincides with the first circle at the part corresponding to the magnetic pole of the magnet, and is The outer contour of the housing other than the part corresponding to the magnetic pole of the magnet is recessed inward from the first circle in the radial direction, and the outer contour of the housing in the recessed portion is asymmetrical; viewed from the axial direction , The magnet is located between the second circle and the third circle.
  • a part of the outer contour of the housing in the recessed portion is located inside the first circle in the radial direction.
  • the outer contour with a part of the side edge located inside the second circle is a circular arc or a broken line, or a combination of a straight line and a curved line.
  • a part of the outer contour of the housing in the recessed portion is located between the first circle and the second circle.
  • the outer contour of the housing located between the first circle and the second circle is a straight line or a curve, or a combination of a straight line and a curve.
  • the outer contour of the magnet is the same as the inner contour of the housing.
  • the inner contour of the magnet coincides with the third circle at the magnetic pole portion, and a part of the inner contour of the magnet located between the magnetic poles protrudes outward in the radial direction relative to the third circle.
  • the part of the inner contour of the magnet protruding to the outside is a curve or a straight line, or a combination of a curve and a straight line.
  • first circle, the second circle, and the third circle are concentric circles.
  • the motor is a permanent magnet DC motor.
  • the motor obtained according to the above technical solution has been improved in the shape of the housing and the magnetic poles, which reduces the weight and cost, and reduces the risk of demagnetization.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the motor of the utility model.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the motor of the present invention viewed from the A-A section line in Fig. 1.
  • Figures 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) in Figure 3 show several motor structures in the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structure of the motor 100 of the present invention.
  • the motor 100 is composed of a housing 101 and components arranged inside the housing 101. It can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 that the magnet 102 and the rotor 103 are arranged in the housing 101.
  • the rotor 103 is connected with an unshown output shaft to output power to the outside.
  • components such as bearings are also provided in the motor.
  • the housing 101 is generally made of metal and has a tubular structure with a certain length as a whole.
  • the housing 101 serves as a magnetic path for the magnet 102.
  • the housing 101 has an opening and an end cover for closing the opening, and the opening can also be closed by a reduction gear box.
  • the rotor 103, the magnet 102 and the housing 101 are arranged in order from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.
  • the housing 101 and the magnet 102 may be referred to as a stator assembly.
  • the rotor 103 has a central portion in the middle, and a plurality of teeth extend radially outward from the central portion, a slot is formed between the multiple teeth, and windings are arranged on the teeth.
  • the rotor 103 together with windings, output shaft and other components are called a rotor assembly.
  • the material of the magnet 102 can be ferrite or rare earth material. During the manufacture, it is made by mixing ferrite magnetic powder or anisotropic or isotropic bonded NdFeB magnetic powder with epoxy resin glue and then pressing it into a mold. , Or mix ferrite magnetic powder or anisotropic or isotropic neodymium iron boron magnetic powder with PA or PPS and other thermoplastic compounds to make pellets, and then the pellets are injection molded into magnets by injection molding machine.
  • the shape design of the magnet will affect the amount of material of the magnet, thereby affecting the weight, cost and performance of the magnet.
  • the motor includes a housing 101, a magnet 102 and a rotor 103.
  • the rotor 103 is provided in the magnet 102, and an air gap is left between the outer contour of the rotor 103 and the inner contour of the magnet 102.
  • the outer contour of the housing 101 is based on the first circle C1, and viewed from the axial direction of the motor, the outer contour of the housing 101 does not exceed the radial outside of the first circle C1; the inner contour of the housing 101 is based on the second circle C2 As a basis, and the part of the housing 101 corresponding to the magnetic poles of the magnet 102 is located between the first circle C1 and the second circle C2, and the other part of the housing 101 is at least partially located in the radial inner part of the second circle C2. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the magnet 102 has four magnetic poles.
  • the part corresponding to the magnet part is referred to as a corner part, and the part between each corner part is referred to as a side part.
  • the left part and the lower part of the outer contour line of the housing 101 that is, the outer contour of the left side of the housing and the outer contour of the lower side—respectively It is formed by a straight line intersecting the first circle C1.
  • the two straight lines can be tangent to the second circle C2.
  • the two straight lines can be perpendicular to each other.
  • the upper part and the right part of the outer contour line of the casing 101 that is, the outer contour of the upper side of the casing and the outer contour of the right side—are not straight lines;
  • a part of the outer contour is located on the radial inner side of the second circle C2, while the outer contour line of the right side of the housing does not have a part located on the radial inner side of the second circle C2, that is, a point on the outer contour of this part Either it is located on the radially outer side of the second circle C2 or on the second circle C2.
  • the outer contour line of the upper side part of the shell is a circular arc or a broken line, or a combination of a straight line and a curved line.
  • the outer contour line of the right side part of the shell is a combination of straight lines and curves.
  • FIG. 2 only describes in detail a specific shape of the outer shape of the housing 101 with four corners and four side portions, one of the main ideas of the present invention is that the housing The outer contour of each side part of 101 is cut and shaped inward asymmetrically on the basis of a circle. Therefore, this cutting shaping can be applied to other numbers of side portions.
  • the shell By cutting the outer contour of the shell 101 on the basis of the first circle C1, the shell has a thinner thickness.
  • the weight reduction, the reduction in materials, and the material used relative to the circular shell are realized.
  • the corresponding cost is reduced; secondly, this design is also conducive to the installation of the motor.
  • the cross section of the magnet 102 is located inside a ring whose inner and outer circles are concentric circles (a person skilled in the art can understand that the expression that the cross section is "inside" the ring" should include a part of the cross section and the inner and outer contours of the ring Coincidence), where the outside of the ring is the second circle C2, and the inside of the ring is the third circle C3; based on this ring, the inner contour of the magnet is drawn on the inner circle of the ring, that is, the third circle C3 Asymmetrical cutting and shaping.
  • the outer contour of the magnet 102 may be the same as the outer contour of the housing 101, for example, the outer contour of the magnet 102 on the right in FIG.
  • the outer contour of the magnet 102 on the side does not dent with the dent of the outer contour of the housing 101. On the whole, the outer contour of the magnet 102 fits the inner contour of the housing 101.
  • the inner contour of the magnet 102 is based on the third circle C3, a part of which coincides with the third circle C3, and the part that does not coincide with the third circle C3 is located radially outside the third circle C3, and can have various forms.
  • the inner contour of the corner of the magnet 102 coincides with the third circle C3; the inner contour of the side edge of the magnet 102 does not overlap the third circle C3.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the situations in which the inner contours of the magnet 102 of several different forms are radially concave with respect to the third circle C3.
  • the contour line of the recess of the inner contour portion of the magnet 102 corresponding to the side portion may be in the form of a symmetrical curve or straight line, as shown in FIG. 2, the recess corresponding to the upper side portion may also be in an asymmetrical form, for example
  • the combination of curves or straight lines, as shown in Fig. 2 corresponds to the concave part on the left side or the lower side.
  • the recessed part of the inner contour of the magnet 102 can be a combination of the aforementioned recessed forms, and the asymmetrical cutting and shaping of this recess and the outer contour of the housing 101 can be combined accordingly.
  • the figure shown in Figure 2 is only an example, and It does not mean that the depression at the inner contour of the magnet 102 and the asymmetric cutting of the outer contour of the housing 101 have a corresponding relationship in form.
  • the instantaneous impact fluctuation of electromagnetic induction is avoided, because this instantaneous impact fluctuation causes the magnet to have the risk of demagnetization.
  • the utility model can also reduce the electromagnetic induction impact at the boundary through this thinning treatment, thereby reducing the risk of demagnetization. Therefore, the above design makes the magnetic field of the magnet not only maintain sufficient magnetic performance, but also reduces the risk of demagnetization, and makes the volume smaller, lighter, and more compact and reasonable in structure.

Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种电机，包括定子组件和转子组件，其中所述定子组件包括壳体和磁体，所述转子组件包括转子，所述转子、所述磁体和所述壳体由内向外依次设置，从轴向上看，所述壳体的外轮廓在径向上不超过第一圆的圆周，并且所述壳体的外轮廓在与所述磁体的磁极对应的部分与所述第一圆重合，在与所述磁体的磁极对应的部分之外的所述壳体的外轮廓在径向上从所述第一圆向内凹陷，且处于凹陷部分的所述壳体的外轮廓不对称；从轴向上看，所述磁体位于第二圆和第三圆之间。本实用新型的壳体和磁体体积更小、重量更轻，并保持了充足的磁力性能，降低了退磁风险。

Description

电机 技术领域
本实用新型属于电机领域，具体涉及一种具有改进的壳体形状和磁铁形状的电机。
背景技术
电机广泛应用于各种便携式的电子设备或其它装置中，永磁直流电机是其中的重要一种。随着汽车的智能化和舒适性不断提高，永磁直流电机在汽车上的应用也越来越广泛，例如用于座椅的多向调节、车窗的调节等。在这些应用场合中，出于整车轻量化等因素，这些电机的重量需要尽可能地小。
电机的组成部分一般包括转子、永磁体、壳体等元件。为了尽可能地降低电机的重量而不影响其性能，现有技术中提出了多种改进方案。一种方案是选用新材料，目前已经成熟的方案是使用稀土永磁材料来代替铁氧体永磁材料。因为稀土永磁材料制成的永磁体的磁能积更高，因而可以实现更小的体积。但是稀土永磁材料的价格相对而言也更高。
另外一种方案是通过改变电机组成部件的尺寸来减小其重量。图3示出了现有技术中的电机各部件的各种形状设计。其中，图3(a)是一种具有圆弧过渡的方形壳体的电机，壳体具有恒定的厚度，多个磁体设置在方形壳体的直边处；图3(b)示出了一种具有圆形壳体和圆形磁体的电机，这种设计最为常见；图3(c)中的壳体与图3(a)中的壳体类似，其与图3(a)中的方案的区别在于壳体内轮廓为圆形，磁体设置在与圆弧过渡处对应的位置；图3(d)中的电机壳体为正多边形，多个不连续的磁体设置在多边形的平边处。然而，上述方案均存在各自的缺点，未能在电机的性 能和尺寸/重量/成本之间达到更好的平衡。
因此，虽然已经有了上述解决方案，但是仍然有必要去研究在尺寸、重量、性能等参数之间更为优化的电机。
实用新型内容
为此，本实用新型提出了以下技术方案。
一种电机，包括定子组件和转子组件，其中所述定子组件包括壳体和磁体，所述转子组件包括转子，所述转子、所述磁体和所述壳体由内向外依次设置，从轴向上看，所述壳体的外轮廓在径向上不超过第一圆的圆周，并且所述壳体的外轮廓在与所述磁体的磁极对应的部分与所述第一圆重合，在与所述磁体的磁极对应的部分之外的所述壳体的外轮廓在径向上从所述第一圆向内凹陷，且处于凹陷部分的所述壳体的外轮廓不对称；从轴向上看，所述磁体位于第二圆和第三圆之间。
进一步地，处于凹陷部分的所述壳体的外轮廓的一部分在径向上位于所述第一圆内侧。
进一步地，具有一部分位于所述第二圆内侧的侧边部的外轮廓为圆弧或折线，或者为直线与曲线的组合。
进一步地，处于凹陷部分的所述壳体的外轮廓的一部分位于所述第一圆和所述第二圆之间。
进一步地，位于所述第一圆和所述第二圆之间的所述壳体的外轮廓为直线或曲线，或者为直线与曲线的组合。
进一步地，所述磁体的外轮廓与所述壳体的内轮廓相同。
进一步地，所述磁体的内轮廓在磁极部分与所述第三圆重合，位于磁极之间的所述磁体的内轮廓的一部分在径向上相对于所述第三圆向外侧凸出。
进一步地，所述磁体的内轮廓向外侧凸出的部分为曲线或直线，或曲线和直线的组合。
进一步地，所述第一圆、所述第二圆、所述第三圆为同心圆。
进一步地，所述电机是永磁直流电机。
根据上述技术方案获得的电机从壳体和磁极的形状方面进行了改进，降低了重量和成本，并降低了退磁风险。
附图说明
参考附图描述本实用新型的示例性实施例，其中：
图1是本实用新型的电机主视图。
图2是从图1中的A-A剖面线观看的本实用新型的电机一个实施例的剖视图。
图3中的图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)、图3(d)示出了现有技术中的几种电机结构。
所有附图都只是示意性的，而且并不一定按比例绘制，此外它们仅示出为了阐明本实用新型而必需的那些部分，其他部分被省略或仅仅提及。即，除附图中所示出的部件外，本实用新型还可以包括其他部件。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型的技术方案进行详细说明。
图1示出了本实用新型的电机100的结构。电机100由壳体101以及设置在壳体101内部的部件组成。综合图1和图2可以看出，磁体102、转子103设置在壳体101内。转子103与未示出的输出轴连接，以向外输出动力。此外，电机内还设置有轴承等元件。壳体101一般由金属制成，并且整体上呈具有一定长度的管状结构，壳体101用作磁体102的磁性路径。壳体101具有开口以及用于封闭该开口的端盖，也可以由减速齿轮箱封闭该开口。转子103、磁体102和壳体101在径向上由内向外依次设置。壳体101、磁体102可以称为定子组件。转子103在中部具有中心部，从该中心部径向向外延伸出多个齿，在多个齿之间形成齿槽，在齿上设置有绕组。转子103与绕组、输出轴等部件一起被称为转子组件。
磁体102的材料可以是铁氧体也可以是稀土材料，在制造时通过将铁 氧体磁粉或各向异性或各向同性的粘结钕铁硼磁粉与环氧树脂胶混合后通过模具压制成型，或者将铁氧体磁粉或各向异性或各向同性的钕铁硼磁粉与PA或与PPS等热塑性胶料混合均匀后制成粒料，再将粒料通过注塑机注塑成型为磁体。
因此，当采用上述制造方法时，对磁体的形状设计就会影响到磁体的材料用量，进而影响磁体的重量、成本以及其性能。
以下结合图2来对本实用新型的磁体以及具有该磁体的电机的一个实施例来进行说明。参见图2，该电机包括壳体101、磁体102及转子103。转子103设在磁体102内，并且在转子103的外轮廓和磁铁102的内轮廓之间留有气隙。壳体101的外轮廓以第一圆C1为基础，且从电机的轴向看，壳体101的外轮廓不超过第一圆C1的径向外侧；壳体101的内轮廓以第二圆C2为基础，且壳体101与磁铁102的磁极对应的部分位于第一圆C1和第二圆C2之间，而壳体101的其它部分则至少部分地位于第二圆C2的径向内部。从图2中可以看出，该磁体102具有四个磁极。为了描述方便，在下文中将与磁体部对应的部分成为角部，将各个角部之间的部分成为侧边部。
具体地，从图2中可以看出，壳体101的外轮廓线的左侧部分和下侧部分——即壳体的左侧边部的外轮廓和下侧边部的外轮廓——分别由一条直线与第一圆C1相交而形成。其中，这两条直线可以与第二圆C2相切。此外，这两条直线可以相互垂直。壳体101的外轮廓线的上侧部分和右侧部分——即壳体的上侧边部的外轮廓和右侧边部的外轮廓——不是直线；其中，壳体上侧边部的外轮廓有一部分位于第二圆C2的径向内侧，而壳体的右侧边部的外轮廓线则不存在位于第二圆C2的径向内侧的部分，即，该部分外轮廓上的点要么位于第二圆C2径向外侧，要么位于第二圆C2上。优选地，壳体上侧边部分的外轮廓线为圆弧或折线，或者为直线与曲线的组合。优选地，壳体右侧边部分的外轮廓线为直线和曲线的组合。
虽然图2中的示意性实施例仅对四个角部和四个侧边部的壳体101的外形的一种具体形状进行了详细说明，但是本实用新型的主要构思之一在 于，壳体101的各个侧边部的外轮廓在圆形的基础上进行向内的不对称的切割整形。因此，这种切割整形可以应用到其它数量的侧边部中。
通过上述的在第一圆C1基础上的切割壳体101的外轮廓，使壳体获得了厚度较薄的部分，首先实现了相对于圆环形壳体而言的重量减轻、用料减少以及相应的成本降低；其次，这种设计还有利于电机的安装。
接下来对磁体102的轮廓进行描述。磁体102的横截面位于一个内外圆为同心圆的圆环内部(所属领域技术人员能够理解，本文中的横截面处于圆环“内部”的表述，应当包括横截面的一部分与圆环的内外轮廓重合的情况)，其中圆环的外侧为第二圆C2，圆环的内侧为第三圆C3；以该圆环为基础，磁体的内轮廓在圆环的内圆即第三圆C3上作了不对称的切割整形。磁体102的外轮廓可以与壳体101的外轮廓为相同的轮廓形式，例如图2中右侧的磁铁102的外轮廓；也可以不与壳体101的外轮廓形式相同，例如图2中上侧的磁铁102的外轮廓，并没有随着壳体101的外轮廓的下凹而下凹。整体上而言，磁体102的外轮廓与壳体101的内轮廓贴合。
通过上述的在第二圆C2基础上的切割使磁体获得了厚度较薄的部分，首先实现了相对于圆环形磁体而言的重量减轻、用料减少以及相应的成本降低；其次，这种设计还有利于正转方向换向或反转方向换向，同时能够使得表磁分布均匀波动较小，使电机转动平稳。
磁体102的内轮廓以第三圆C3为基础，一部分与第三圆C3重合，不与第三圆C3重合的部分则位于第三圆C3的径向外部，并且可以具有各种形式。其中，磁体102的角部的内轮廓的与第三圆C3重合；磁铁102的侧边部的内轮廓不与第三圆C3重合部分。图2示意性地列出了几种不同形式的磁体102的内轮廓相对于第三圆C3径向凹陷的情况。磁体102的与侧边部对应的内轮廓部分的凹陷的轮廓线可以是对称的曲线或直线的形式，如图2中的与上侧边部对应的凹陷，也可以是不对称的形式，例如曲线或直线的组合，如图2中与左侧边部或下侧边部对应的凹陷部分。
磁体102的内轮廓的凹陷部分可以为上述的凹陷形式的组合，并且这 种凹陷与壳体101的外轮廓的不对称切割整形可以进行相应的组合，图2所示仅仅是一种示例，而不表示磁铁102的内轮廓处的凹陷和壳体101的外轮廓的不对称切割在形式上存在对应关系。
由于转子103的齿在进入和离开磁铁区域的边界时需要降低磁阻转矩，避免电磁感应的瞬间冲击波动，因为这种瞬间冲击波动使磁体存在退磁的风险。本实用新型通过这种减薄处理除了降低成本和体积之外，还能够降低边界处的电磁感应冲击，从而降低退磁风险。因而上述设计使磁体的磁场既保持了充足的磁力性能，又降低了退磁风险，并且使体积更小、重量更轻、结构更紧凑合理。
参考以上的示意性实施例已经对本实用新型做出了清楚、完整的说明，本领域技术人员应当理解的是，在不脱离本实用新型的精神和范围的情况下，通过对所公开的技术方案的修改可以设想各种其它的实施例。这些实施例应当被理解成落在本实用新型的基于权利要求和其任何等同技术方案所确定的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机，包括定子组件和转子组件，其中所述定子组件包括壳体(101)和磁体(102)，所述转子组件包括转子(103)，所述转子(103)、所述磁体(102)和所述壳体(101)由内向外依次设置，其特征在于：
    从轴向上看，所述壳体(101)的外轮廓在径向上不超过第一圆(C1)的圆周，并且所述壳体(101)的外轮廓在与所述磁体(102)的磁极对应的部分与所述第一圆(C1)重合，在与所述磁体(102)的磁极对应的部分之外的所述壳体(101)的外轮廓在径向上从所述第一圆(C1)向内凹陷，且处于凹陷部分的所述壳体(101)的外轮廓不对称；
    从轴向上看，所述磁体(102)位于第二圆(C2)和第三圆(C3)之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，处于凹陷部分的所述壳体(101)的外轮廓的一部分在径向上位于所述第一圆(C1)内侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，具有一部分位于所述第二圆(C2)内侧的侧边部的外轮廓为圆弧或折线，或者为直线与曲线的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，处于凹陷部分的所述壳体(101)的外轮廓的一部分位于所述第一圆(C1)和所述第二圆(C2)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于，位于所述第一圆(C1)和所述第二圆(C2)之间的所述壳体(101)的外轮廓为直线或曲线，或者为直线与曲线的组合。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁体(102)的外轮廓与所述壳体(101)的内轮廓相同。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁体(102)的内轮廓在磁极部分与所述第三圆(C3)重合，位于磁极之间的所述磁体(102)的内轮廓的一部分在径向上相对于所述第三圆(C3)向 外侧凸出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述磁体(102)的内轮廓向外侧凸出的部分为曲线或直线，或曲线和直线的组合。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述第一圆(C1)、所述第二圆(C2)、所述第三圆(C3)为同心圆。
  10. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述电机是永磁直流电机。
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