WO2020252890A1 - 可切换防窥显示装置 - Google Patents

可切换防窥显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020252890A1
WO2020252890A1 PCT/CN2019/102037 CN2019102037W WO2020252890A1 WO 2020252890 A1 WO2020252890 A1 WO 2020252890A1 CN 2019102037 W CN2019102037 W CN 2019102037W WO 2020252890 A1 WO2020252890 A1 WO 2020252890A1
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Prior art keywords
substrate
pixels
display device
interference
optical switch
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PCT/CN2019/102037
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴疆
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深圳市华星光电技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2020252890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020252890A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a switchable privacy display device.
  • a current solution is that the viewer wears glasses matched with the display, and only the viewer wearing the glasses can read the useful information of the display. This solution requires the user to wear additional glasses, which brings inconvenience, and after mass production, there is a risk of being peeped by other observers holding the same glasses.
  • Another current solution is a view-sensitive privacy film design.
  • the micro-blind structure When observing the display screen outside the designed visual angle, only the black state can be seen. However, once the display is attached to the privacy film, unless the privacy film is torn off, the display will always be in a small viewing angle state.
  • a current solution is that the viewer wears glasses matched with the display, and only the viewer wearing the glasses can read the useful information of the display. This solution requires the user to wear additional glasses, which brings inconvenience, and after mass production, there is a risk of being peeped by other observers holding the same glasses.
  • Another current solution is a view-sensitive privacy film design.
  • the micro-blind structure When observing the display screen outside the designed visual angle, only the black state can be seen. However, once the display is attached to the privacy film, unless the privacy film is torn off, the display will always be in a small viewing angle state.
  • an object of the present disclosure is to provide a switchable privacy display device, which can realize a switchable privacy display device with a high aperture ratio.
  • the switchable privacy display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, pixels, interference pixels, a dimming layer, an upper light switch electrode, a lower light switch electrode, and an electrically controlled light switch layer.
  • the second substrate is disposed on the first substrate.
  • the third substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the pixel is disposed between the first substrate and the third substrate.
  • the interference pixel is arranged beside the pixel.
  • the dimming layer is disposed between the pixel and the third substrate.
  • the glazing switch electrode is arranged on the second substrate.
  • the lower optical switch electrode is arranged on the third substrate.
  • the electrically controlled optical switch layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate.
  • the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate coincides with the projection of the lower optical switch electrode on the first substrate.
  • the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate coincides with the projection of the photo-switch electrode on the first substrate.
  • the electrically controlled light switch layer is a liquid crystal layer or an electrochromic material.
  • the dimming layer is a liquid crystal layer.
  • the pixels include red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels
  • the interference pixels include red interference pixels, green interference pixels, and blue interference pixels.
  • the pixels include red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels
  • the interference pixels include white interference pixels
  • the switchable privacy display device further includes a black matrix structure, the black matrix structure is disposed beside the interference pixel, and the pixel, the interference pixel, and the black matrix structure Located on the same floor.
  • the switchable privacy display device further includes a transparent electrode layer, a first polarizer, and a second polarizer.
  • the transparent electrode layer is disposed on the third substrate and is in contact with the The lower optical switch electrodes are arranged oppositely, the first polarizer is arranged on the first substrate, and the second polarizer is arranged on the second substrate.
  • the switchable privacy display device when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, there is no electric field between the upper optical switch electrode and the lower optical switch electrode, and the optical switch electrode layer is transparent State, when the switchable privacy display device is in the privacy mode, an electric field exists between the upper light switch electrode and the lower light switch electrode, and the light switch electrode layer is transparent in the area corresponding to the pixel State, and the optical switch electrode layer is in a scattering state in a region corresponding to the interference pixel.
  • the switchable privacy display device when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, the pixel and the interference pixel output the same gray scale, and when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, In the privacy mode, the pixel and the interference pixel output different gray levels.
  • the present disclosure also provides a switchable privacy display device.
  • the switchable privacy display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, pixels, interference pixels, a dimming layer, an upper light switch electrode, a lower light switch electrode, and an electrically controlled light switch layer.
  • the second substrate is disposed on the first substrate.
  • the third substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the pixel is disposed between the first substrate and the third substrate.
  • the interference pixel is arranged beside the pixel.
  • the dimming layer is disposed between the pixel and the third substrate.
  • the glazing switch electrode is arranged on the second substrate.
  • the lower optical switch electrode is arranged on the third substrate.
  • the electrically controlled optical switch layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate.
  • the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate coincides with the projection of the lower optical switch electrode on the first substrate.
  • the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate coincides with the projection of the upper light switch electrode on the first substrate.
  • the electrically controlled light switch layer is a liquid crystal layer or an electrochromic material.
  • the dimming layer is a liquid crystal layer.
  • the pixels include red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels
  • the interference pixels include red interference pixels, green interference pixels, and blue interference pixels.
  • the pixels include red pixels, green pixels, and blue pixels
  • the interference pixels include white interference pixels
  • the switchable privacy display device further includes a black matrix structure, the black matrix structure is disposed beside the interference pixel, and the pixel, the interference pixel, and the black matrix structure Located on the same floor.
  • the switchable privacy display device further includes a transparent electrode layer, a first polarizer, and a second polarizer.
  • the transparent electrode layer is disposed on the third substrate and is in contact with the The lower optical switch electrodes are arranged oppositely, the first polarizer is arranged on the first substrate, and the second polarizer is arranged on the second substrate.
  • the switchable privacy display device when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, there is no electric field between the upper optical switch electrode and the lower optical switch electrode, and the optical switch electrode layer is transparent State, when the switchable privacy display device is in the privacy mode, an electric field exists between the upper light switch electrode and the lower light switch electrode, and the light switch electrode layer is transparent in the area corresponding to the pixel State, and the optical switch electrode layer is in a scattering state in a region corresponding to the interference pixel.
  • the switchable privacy display device when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, the pixel and the interference pixel output the same gray scale, and when the switchable privacy display device is in the sharing mode, In the privacy mode, the pixel and the interference pixel output different gray levels.
  • the upper optical switch electrode is disposed on the second substrate, and the lower optical switch electrode is disposed on the second substrate.
  • the electrically controlled optical switch layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate, and the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate is in contact with the lower optical switch electrode. The projections on the first substrate overlap, and a switchable privacy display device with a high aperture ratio can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device in a privacy mode and a front viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device in a privacy mode and a side viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device in a sharing mode and a side viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device in a privacy mode and a side viewing angle according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a switchable privacy display device in a sharing mode and a side view according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 includes a first substrate 110, a second substrate 120, a third substrate 130, a pixel 140, an interference pixel 150, a dimming layer 160, an upper light switch electrode 170, a lower light switch electrode 180, and electrical ⁇ 190 ⁇ Control light switch layer 190.
  • the second substrate 120 is disposed on the first substrate 110.
  • the third substrate 130 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120.
  • the pixel 140 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the third substrate 130.
  • the interference pixel 150 is arranged beside the pixel 140.
  • the dimming layer 160 is disposed between the pixel 140 and the third substrate 130.
  • the glazing switch electrode 170 is disposed on the second substrate 120.
  • the lower optical switch electrode 180 is disposed on the third substrate 130.
  • the electrically controlled optical switch layer 190 is disposed between the second substrate 120 and the third substrate 130.
  • the projection of the interference pixel 150 on the first substrate 110 coincides with the projection of the lower optical switch electrode 180 on the first substrate 110, which can realize a switchable privacy display device with a high aperture ratio.
  • the projection of the interference pixel 150 on the first substrate 110 coincides with the projection of the photo-switch electrode 170 on the first substrate 110.
  • the interference pixel 150 and the pixel 140 are located in the same layer, for example.
  • the pixels 140 include red pixels 142, green pixels 144, and blue pixels 146
  • the interference pixels 150 include red interference pixels 152, green interference pixels 154, and blue interference pixels 156. .
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 further includes a black matrix structure 200, the black matrix structure 200 is disposed beside the interference pixel 150, and the pixel 140 and the interference pixel 150 It is located on the same layer as the black matrix structure 200.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 further includes a transparent electrode layer 210, a first polarizer 220, and a second polarizer 230, and the transparent electrode layer 210 is disposed on the third polarizer.
  • the substrate 130 is disposed opposite to the lower optical switch electrode 180, the first polarizer 220 is disposed on the first substrate 110, and the second polarizer 220 is disposed on the second substrate 120.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the sharing mode (refer to FIG. 4), the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch There is no electric field between the electrodes 180, and the optical switch electrode layer 190 is in a transparent state.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the privacy mode (refer to FIGS. 2-3)
  • the upper optical switch electrode 170 is in a transparent state.
  • the optical switch electrode layer 190 is in a transparent state in the area corresponding to the pixel 140
  • the optical switch electrode layer 190 is in a scattering state in the area corresponding to the interference pixel 150 .
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the sharing mode, the pixel 140 and the interference pixel 150 output the same gray scale, and when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the sharing mode, When the display device 100 is in the privacy mode, the pixel 140 and the interference pixel 150 output different gray levels.
  • the electrically controlled light switch layer 190 is a liquid crystal layer or an electrochromic material.
  • the dimming layer 160 is a liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer includes vertically aligned liquid crystals.
  • the liquid crystal of the electronically controlled light switch layer 190 is always aligned vertically, so that the light from the pixel 140 It can maintain the original state and exit from the second polarizer 220, and when there are the upper light switch electrode 170 and the lower light switch electrode 180 (that is, the area facing the interference pixel 150), the electrically controlled light
  • the liquid crystal of the switch layer 190 is in a deflected state, and in conjunction with the second polarizer 220, the light can be cut off, so that the light emitted by the interference pixel 150 cannot be emitted from the second polarizer 220 as it is.
  • the electrochromic material may be tungsten trioxide.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the sharing mode (refer to FIG. 4)
  • no voltage is applied between the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch electrode 180, and the electrically controlled optical switch layer 190 is in a transparent state, and all light is emitted normally.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the privacy mode (refer to FIGS.
  • the visual angle of view can be determined by the thickness of the third substrate 130 Regulation.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the privacy mode (refer to FIGS. 2 and 3), the pixel 140 is caused to output useful information (ie, Output the correct gray level), the interference pixel 150 outputs an interference gray level different from that of the pixel 140.
  • a certain voltage difference is applied between the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch electrode 180 through a driving circuit, so that the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch electrode 170 above the interference pixel 150 The electrode 180 is in a cut-off state. As shown in FIG.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the privacy mode and the front viewing angle, the light emitted by the pixel 140 is visible, and the light emitted by the interference pixel 150 is controlled by the electronically controlled light switch layer. 190 occlusion, so the front-view observer can observe useful information.
  • the switchable privacy display device 100 when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the privacy mode and the side viewing angle, the light emitted by the interference pixel 150 is visible. Under the interference of the abnormal information of the interference pixel 150, the side-view observer cannot observe the useful information, and the effect of anti-peeping can be achieved.
  • the driving circuit when the switchable privacy display device 100 is in the sharing mode, the driving circuit enables the pixel 140 and the interference pixel 150 to output the same useful information.
  • the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch electrode 180 are at the same potential through a driving circuit, so that the electrically controlled optical switch layer 190 is in a transparent state. As shown in FIG. 4, even in the side view angle, the observer can observe useful information, and the upper optical switch electrode 170 and the lower optical switch electrode 180 do not affect the aperture ratio, and can achieve high aperture ratio and sharing mode Effect.
  • the structure of the switchable privacy display device 102 is similar to that of the switchable privacy display device 102 of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, with the difference
  • the interference pixel 151 of the switchable privacy display device 102 includes a white interference pixel 153.
  • one white interference pixel 153 can also be used to replace the red interference pixel 152, the green interference pixel 154, and the blue interference pixel 156.
  • the electrically controlled optical switch layer 190 includes an electrochromic material.
  • the electrochromic material may be tungsten trioxide.
  • the white interference pixels 153 output interference information of different gray levels, and the upper light switch electrode 170 and the lower light switch electrode 180 is in the cut-off state, which can prevent side-view observers from acquiring useful information.
  • the upper light switch electrode 170 and the lower light switch electrode 180 in the cut-off state block a part of the light from the pixel 140 adjacent to the interference pixel 151 Idemitsu further strengthens the confidentiality of information.
  • the white interference pixels 153 When the switchable privacy display device 102 is in the sharing mode, the white interference pixels 153 always output a black state, and in addition, the electronically controlled light switch layer 190 is made to be in a transparent state. As shown in Figure 6, even in the side view, the observer can observe useful information, which can achieve the effect of the sharing mode.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure design interference pixels and an electronically controlled light switch layer that are invisible in the front viewing angle and visible in the side viewing angle, so as to realize a mode switchable high aperture ratio privacy display device. Observers with a positive perspective can always obtain useful information. Side-view observers can obtain useful information in sharing mode, but cannot obtain useful information in privacy mode, and can obtain a higher opening rate in sharing mode.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure have at least one of the following advantages: 1. It realizes the anti-peeping function dependent on the viewing angle and protects the security of confidential information. 2. The anti-peeping function can be realized without the aid of supporting facilities such as glasses. 3. There is no need to increase or decrease the physical structure, and you can switch between sharing and privacy modes with one click. 4. Get a higher opening rate in sharing mode.
  • the upper optical switch electrode is arranged on the second substrate, the lower optical switch electrode is arranged on the third substrate, and the electrically controlled optical switch The layer is disposed between the second substrate and the third substrate, and the projection of the interference pixel on the first substrate coincides with the projection of the lower optical switch electrode on the first substrate.
  • a switchable privacy display device with high aperture ratio is realized.

Abstract

可切换防窥显示装置（100）。第三基板（130）设置于第一基板（110）和第二基板（120）之间。像素（140）设置于第一基板（110）和第三基板（130）之间。干扰像素（150）设置于像素（140）旁。调光层（160）设置于像素（140）和第三基板（130）之间。上光开关电极（170）设置于第二基板（120）上。下光开关电极（180）设置第三基板（130）上。电控光开关层（190）设置于第二基板（120）和第三基板（130）之间。干扰像素（150）在第一基板（110）上的投影与下光开关电极（180）在第一基板（110）上的投影相重合。

Description

可切换防窥显示装置 技术领域
本揭示涉及显示技术领域，特别涉及一种可切换防窥显示装置。
 背景技术
为了实现显示器防偷窥，一种目前方案是观看者佩戴和显示器搭配的眼镜，只有佩戴所述眼镜的观看者才能读取所述显示器的有用信息。这种方案需要使用者额外佩戴眼镜，带来不便，且大规模量产之后，有被持同款眼镜的其他观察者偷窥的风险。
另一种目前方案是视角敏感的防窥膜设计，通过微细百叶窗结构，使得在设计的可视视角之外观察显示器的屏幕时，只能看到全黑状态。但所述显示器一旦贴上所述防窥膜，除非将所述防窥膜撕下，否则所述显示器将一直处于小视角状态下。
故，有需要提供一种可切换防窥显示装置，以解决现有技术存在的问题。
 技术问题
为了实现显示器防偷窥，一种目前方案是观看者佩戴和显示器搭配的眼镜，只有佩戴所述眼镜的观看者才能读取所述显示器的有用信息。这种方案需要使用者额外佩戴眼镜，带来不便，且大规模量产之后，有被持同款眼镜的其他观察者偷窥的风险。
另一种目前方案是视角敏感的防窥膜设计，通过微细百叶窗结构，使得在设计的可视视角之外观察显示器的屏幕时，只能看到全黑状态。但所述显示器一旦贴上所述防窥膜，除非将所述防窥膜撕下，否则所述显示器将一直处于小视角状态下。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本揭示的一目的在于提供可切换防窥显示装置，其能够实现具有高开口率的可切换防窥显示装置。
为达成上述目的，本揭示提供一可切换防窥显示装置。所述可切换防窥显示装置包括第一基板、第二基板、第三基板、像素、干扰像素、调光层、上光开关电极、下光开关电极以及电控光开关层。所述第二基板设置于所述第一基板上。所述第三基板设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间。所述像素设置于所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间。所述干扰像素设置于所述像素旁。所述调光层设置于所述像素和所述第三基板之间。所述上光开关电极设置于所述第二基板上。所述下光开关电极设置所述第三基板上。所述电控光开关层设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间。所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的所述投影与所述上光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。所述电控光开关层是液晶层或电致变色材料。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述调光层为液晶层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括红色干扰像素、绿色干扰像素和蓝色干扰像素。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括白色干扰像素。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置还包括黑色矩阵结构，所述黑色矩阵结构设置于干扰像素旁，以及所述像素、所述干扰像素和所述黑色矩阵结构位于同一层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置还包括透明电极层、第一偏光片和第二偏光片，所述透明电极层设置于所述第三基板上且与所述下光开关电极相对设置，所述第一偏光片设置于所述第一基板上，以及所述第二偏光片设置于所述第二基板上。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于分享模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间没有电场，所述光开关电极层呈透明状态，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于防窥模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间存在电场，所述光开关电极层在对应所述像素的区域呈透明状态，以及所述光开关电极层在对应所述干扰像素的区域呈散射状态。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述分享模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出相同的灰阶，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述防窥模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出不同的灰阶。
本揭示还提供一可切换防窥显示装置。所述可切换防窥显示装置包括第一基板、第二基板、第三基板、像素、干扰像素、调光层、上光开关电极、下光开关电极以及电控光开关层。所述第二基板设置于所述第一基板上。所述第三基板设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间。所述像素设置于所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间。所述干扰像素设置于所述像素旁。所述调光层设置于所述像素和所述第三基板之间。所述上光开关电极设置于所述第二基板上。所述下光开关电极设置所述第三基板上。所述电控光开关层设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间。所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的所述投影与所述上光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述电控光开关层是液晶层或电致变色材料。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述调光层为液晶层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括红色干扰像素、绿色干扰像素和蓝色干扰像素。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括白色干扰像素。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置还包括黑色矩阵结构，所述黑色矩阵结构设置于干扰像素旁，以及所述像素、所述干扰像素和所述黑色矩阵结构位于同一层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置还包括透明电极层、第一偏光片和第二偏光片，所述透明电极层设置于所述第三基板上且与所述下光开关电极相对设置，所述第一偏光片设置于所述第一基板上，以及所述第二偏光片设置于所述第二基板上。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于分享模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间没有电场，所述光开关电极层呈透明状态，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于防窥模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间存在电场，所述光开关电极层在对应所述像素的区域呈透明状态，以及所述光开关电极层在对应所述干扰像素的区域呈散射状态。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述分享模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出相同的灰阶，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述防窥模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出不同的灰阶。
 有益效果
相较于现有技术，为解决上述技术问题，本揭示的实施例中的可切换防窥显示装置，所述上光开关电极设置于所述第二基板上，所述下光开关电极设置所述第三基板上，所述电控光开关层设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间，所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合，能够实现具有高开口率的可切换防窥显示装置。
 附图说明
图1显示根据本揭示的一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置的结构示意图；
图2显示根据本揭示的一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置于防窥模式及正视角下的结构示意图；
图3显示根据本揭示的一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置于防窥模式及侧视角下的结构示意图；
图4显示根据本揭示的一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置于分享模式及侧视角下的结构示意图；
图5显示根据本揭示的另一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置于防窥模式及侧视角下的结构示意图；以及
图6显示根据本揭示的另一实施例的可切换防窥显示装置分享模式及侧视角下的结构示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以下各实施例的说明是参考附加的图式，用以例示本揭示可用以实施的特定实施例。
为了让本揭示的上述及其他目的、特征、优点能更明显易懂，下文将特举本揭示优选实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。再者，本揭示所提到的方向用语，例如上、下、顶、底、前、后、左、右、内、外、侧层、周围、中央、水平、横向、垂直、纵向、轴向、径向、最上层或最下层等，仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本揭示，而非用以限制本揭示。
在图中，结构相似的单元是以相同标号表示。
参照图1，本揭示的一实施例提供一可切换防窥显示装置100。所述可切换防窥显示装置100包括第一基板110、第二基板120、第三基板130、像素140、干扰像素150、调光层160、上光开关电极170、下光开关电极180以及电控光开关层190。所述第二基板120设置于所述第一基板110上。所述第三基板130设置于所述第一基板110和所述第二基板120之间。所述像素140设置于所述第一基板110和所述第三基板130之间。所述干扰像素150设置于所述像素140旁。所述调光层160设置于所述像素140和所述第三基板130之间。所述上光开关电极170设置于所述第二基板120上。所述下光开关电极180设置所述第三基板130上。所述电控光开关层190设置于所述第二基板120和所述第三基板130之间。所述干扰像素150在所述第一基板110上的投影与所述下光开关电极180在所述第一基板110上的投影相重合，能够实现具有高开口率的可切换防窥显示装置。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述干扰像素150在所述第一基板110上的所述投影与所述上光开关电极170在所述第一基板110上的投影相重合。所述干扰像素150和所述像素140例如位于同一层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述像素140包括红色像素142、绿色像素144和蓝色像素146，以及所述干扰像素150包括红色干扰像素152、绿色干扰像素154和蓝色干扰像素156。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置100还包括黑色矩阵结构200，所述黑色矩阵结构200设置于干扰像素150旁，以及所述像素140、所述干扰像素150和所述黑色矩阵结构200位于同一层。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置100还包括透明电极层210、第一偏光片220和第二偏光片230，所述透明电极层210设置于所述第三基板130上且与所述下光开关电极180相对设置，所述第一偏光片220设置于所述第一基板110上，以及所述第二偏光片220设置于所述第二基板120上。
参照图2至图4，于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于分享模式下(参照图4)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间没有电场，所述光开关电极层190呈透明状态，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于防窥模式下(参照图2-3)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间存在电场，所述光开关电极层190在对应所述像素140的区域呈透明状态，以及所述光开关电极层190在对应所述干扰像素150的区域呈散射状态。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述分享模式下，所述像素140和所述干扰像素150输出相同的灰阶，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下，所述像素140和所述干扰像素150输出不同的灰阶。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述电控光开关层190是液晶层或电致变色材料。所述调光层160为液晶层。优选的，所述液晶层包括垂直配向的液晶。当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述分享模式下(参照图4)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间不加电压，所述电控光开关层190的液晶始终垂直配向，并不改变透过所述第三基板130的光的偏振状态，使得光能够维持原状从所述第二偏光片220出射。当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下(参照图2和图3)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间加持一定的电压差，在没有所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180(即正对着所述像素140的区域)，所述电控光开关层190的液晶始终垂直配向，使得所述像素140的出光能够维持原状从所述第二偏光片220出射，而在有所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180(即正对着所述干扰像素150的区域)，所述电控光开关层190的液晶处于偏转状态，配合所述第二偏光片220能够起到光截止的作用，使得所述干扰像素150的出光不能维持原状从所述第二偏光片220出射。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，优选的，所述电致变色材料可以是三氧化钨。当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述分享模式下(参照图4)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间不加电压，所述电控光开关层190处于透明状态，所有出光皆正常出射。当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下(参照图2和图3)，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间加持一定的电压差，在没有所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180(即正对着所述像素140的区域)，所述电控光开关层190处于透明状态，使得所述像素140的出光能够正常出射，而在有所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180(即正对着所述干扰像素150的区域)，所述电控光开关层190的透过率大幅度降低，起到光截止的作用，使得所述干扰像素150的出光不能正常出射。
参照图2和图3，于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下的可视视角大小，可由所述第三基板130的厚度来调控。所述第三基板130的厚度越厚，所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下的可视视角越小，所述第三基板130的厚度越小，所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下的可视视角越大。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下(参照图2和图3)，通过驱动电路，使所述像素140输出有用信息（即输出正确的灰阶），所述干扰像素150输出和所述像素140不同的干扰灰阶。同时，通过驱动电路给所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180之间加持一定的电压差，使得所述干扰像素150上方的所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180处于截止状态。如图2所示，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下和正视角下，所述像素140的出光可见，所述干扰像素150的出光被所述电控光开关层190遮挡，故正视角观察者能够观察到有用信息。如图3所示，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于所述防窥模式下和侧视角下，所述干扰像素150的出光可见。在所述干扰像素150的异常信息干扰下，侧视角观察者无法观察有用信息，能够达到防偷窥的效果。
于本揭示其中的一实施例中，当所述可切换防窥显示装置100处于分享模式下，通过驱动电路，使得所述像素140和所述干扰像素150输出同样的有用信息。此外，通过驱动电路使得所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180处于同一电位，使得所述电控光开关层190处于透明状态。如图4所示，即使在侧视角下，观察者也能观察到有用信息，且所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180不影响开口率，能够达到高开口率和分享模式的效果。
参照图5和图6，于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述可切换防窥显示装置102的结构相似于图1-3的一实施例的所述可切换防窥显示装置102，差异在于所述可切换防窥显示装置102的所述干扰像素151包括白色干扰像素153。为降低成本考虑，在不需要精确调控干扰信息的场景下，也可以用1个白色干扰像素153来取代红色干扰像素152、绿色干扰像素154和蓝色干扰像素156。于本揭示其中的一实施例中，所述电控光开关层190包括电致变色材料。优选的，所述电致变色材料可以是三氧化钨。
如图5所示，当所述可切换防窥显示装置102处于防窥模式下，所述白色干扰像素153输出不同灰阶的干扰信息，所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180处于截止状态，能够防止侧视角观察者获取有用信息。当所述可切换防窥显示装置102处于侧视角下，截止状态的所述上光开关电极170和所述下光开关电极180阻挡一部分来自与所述干扰像素151相邻的所述像素140的出光，更加强了信息保密性。
当所述可切换防窥显示装置102处于分享模式下，使得所述白色干扰像素153始终输出黑态，此外，使得所述电控光开关层190处于透明状态。如图6所示，即使在侧视角下，观察者也能观察到有用信息，能够达到分享模式的效果。
本揭示的实施例设计了正视角不可见，侧视角可见的干扰像素和电控光开关层，以实现一种模式可切换的高开口率防窥显示装置。正视角观察者始终能够获得有用信息。侧视角观察者在分享模式下能够获取有用信息，而在防窥模式下不能获得有用信息，且能够在分享模式下获得较高的开口率。
本揭示的实施例具有以下至少其一的优点：1. 实现了视角依赖的防偷窥功能，保护机密信息安全。2. 无需借助眼镜等配套设施即可实现防偷窥功能。3. 无需增减改变物理结构，即可一键实现分享和防窥模式之间的切换。4. 在分享模式下获得较高的开口率。
由于本揭示的实施例中的可切换防窥显示装置，所述上光开关电极设置于所述第二基板上，所述下光开关电极设置所述第三基板上，所述电控光开关层设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间，所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合，能够实现具有高开口率的可切换防窥显示装置。
尽管已经相对于一个或多个实现方式示出并描述了本揭示，但是本领域技术人员基于对本说明书和附图的阅读和理解将会想到等价变型和修改。本揭示包括所有这样的修改和变型，并且仅由所附权利要求的范围限制。特别地关于由上述组件执行的各种功能，用于描述这样的组件的术语旨在对应于执行所述组件的指定功能（例如其在功能上是等价的）的任意组件（除非另外指示），即使在结构上与执行本文所示的本说明书的示范性实现方式中的功能的公开结构不等同。此外，尽管本说明书的特定特征已经相对于若干实现方式中的仅一个被公开，但是这种特征可以与如可以对给定或特定应用而言是期望和有利的其他实现方式的一个或多个其他特征组合。而且，就术语“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其变形被用在具体实施方式或权利要求中而言，这样的术语旨在以与术语“包含”相似的方式包括。
以上仅是本揭示的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域普通技术人员，在不脱离本揭示原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本揭示的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种可切换防窥显示装置，包括:
    第一基板；
    第二基板，设置于所述第一基板上；
    第三基板，设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；
    像素，设置于所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间；
    干扰像素，设置于所述像素旁；
    调光层，设置于所述像素和所述第三基板之间；
    上光开关电极，设置于所述第二基板上；
    下光开关电极，设置所述第三基板上；以及
    电控光开关层，设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间；
    其中所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合；
    其中所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的所述投影与所述上光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合；以及
    其中所述电控光开关层是液晶层或电致变色材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述调光层为液晶层。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括红色干扰像素、绿色干扰像素和蓝色干扰像素。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括白色干扰像素。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，还包括黑色矩阵结构，所述黑色矩阵结构设置于干扰像素旁，以及所述像素、所述干扰像素和所述黑色矩阵结构位于同一层。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，还包括透明电极层、第一偏光片和第二偏光片，所述透明电极层设置于所述第三基板上且与所述下光开关电极相对设置，所述第一偏光片设置于所述第一基板上，以及所述第二偏光片设置于所述第二基板上。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于分享模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间没有电场，所述光开关电极层呈透明状态，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于防窥模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间存在电场，所述光开关电极层在对应所述像素的区域呈透明状态，以及所述光开关电极层在对应所述干扰像素的区域呈散射状态。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述分享模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出相同的灰阶，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述防窥模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出不同的灰阶。
  9. 一种可切换防窥显示装置，包括:
    第一基板；
    第二基板，设置于所述第一基板上；
    第三基板，设置于所述第一基板和所述第二基板之间；
    像素，设置于所述第一基板和所述第三基板之间；
    干扰像素，设置于所述像素旁；
    调光层，设置于所述像素和所述第三基板之间；
    上光开关电极，设置于所述第二基板上；
    下光开关电极，设置所述第三基板上；以及
    电控光开关层，设置于所述第二基板和所述第三基板之间，其中所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的投影与所述下光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。
  10.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述干扰像素在所述第一基板上的所述投影与所述上光开关电极在所述第一基板上的投影相重合。
  11.      如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述电控光开关层是液晶层或电致变色材料。
  12.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述调光层为液晶层。
  13.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括红色干扰像素、绿色干扰像素和蓝色干扰像素。
  14.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中所述像素包括红色像素、绿色像素和蓝色像素，以及所述干扰像素包括白色干扰像素。
  15.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，还包括黑色矩阵结构，所述黑色矩阵结构设置于干扰像素旁，以及所述像素、所述干扰像素和所述黑色矩阵结构位于同一层。
  16.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，还包括透明电极层、第一偏光片和第二偏光片，所述透明电极层设置于所述第三基板上且与所述下光开关电极相对设置，所述第一偏光片设置于所述第一基板上，以及所述第二偏光片设置于所述第二基板上。
  17.     如权利要求9所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于分享模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间没有电场，所述光开关电极层呈透明状态，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于防窥模式下，所述上光开关电极和所述下光开关电极之间存在电场，所述光开关电极层在对应所述像素的区域呈透明状态，以及所述光开关电极层在对应所述干扰像素的区域呈散射状态。
  18.     如权利要求17所述的可切换防窥显示装置，其中当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述分享模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出相同的灰阶，当所述可切换防窥显示装置处于所述防窥模式下，所述像素和所述干扰像素输出不同的灰阶。
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