WO2020248835A1 - 一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置 - Google Patents

一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248835A1
WO2020248835A1 PCT/CN2020/093269 CN2020093269W WO2020248835A1 WO 2020248835 A1 WO2020248835 A1 WO 2020248835A1 CN 2020093269 W CN2020093269 W CN 2020093269W WO 2020248835 A1 WO2020248835 A1 WO 2020248835A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure relief
water hammer
wall
valve inlet
pipe
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PCT/CN2020/093269
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏正英
贾维兵
张育斌
张磊
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西安交通大学
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Application filed by 西安交通大学 filed Critical 西安交通大学
Publication of WO2020248835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248835A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise
    • F16K47/023—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise for preventing water-hammer, e.g. damping of the valve movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
    • F16L55/045—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effects of water hammer
    • F16L55/05—Buffers therefor

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural irrigation equipment, and specifically relates to an adaptive irrigation system pipeline water hammer impact reduction device, which is suitable for irrigation water distribution valve pipelines with large irrigation area, multiple water intake users, and random water intake by each user.
  • the irrigation method can be pipeline irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, Micro sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, small pipe outflow, etc.
  • valve is a key component in the process of irrigation water distribution, because the irrigation area pipe network design is mostly based on the topography of the irrigation area and the number of users, especially the mountain and hilly irrigation area.
  • the randomness and uncertainty of the multi-user water distribution requires frequent opening and closing of the valve body in the irrigation water pipeline, which causes the water hammer effect of key components in the pipeline.
  • the research on the water hammer effect in the multi-user water distribution pipeline is not clear yet further research is needed to ensure the safety of the multi-user irrigation area water pipeline.
  • related patents related to water hammer reduction in valve pipelines include: a long-distance large-flow water delivery system's valve closing optimization control method (2017100763425), which establishes a long-distance large-flow water delivery engineering hydraulic transition process simulation model, At the same time, the trial algorithm is used to find the feasible region interval, so that the optimized interval search method is used to obtain the optimal feasible region.
  • this method is aimed at the large-flow single-user water distribution system, and the reduction of water hammer impact on the multi-user valve body is not clear;
  • a slow-speed electric valve control method and its control device (2012102812885).
  • the device is equipped with a pulsation time relay in the control box to achieve the purpose of adjusting the motor speed of the electric valve and the running time of the switching process, thereby preventing water
  • This method can avoid the burning of electric valves due to the hammer phenomenon.
  • the randomness of changes in the irrigation water distribution system is relatively large.
  • variable frequency intelligent valve electric device (2007100725415)
  • the device mainly uses variable frequency drive module to realize the drive of asynchronous motor to adjust the valve closing speed, although the device can effectively eliminate the "water hammer" phenomenon, for multi-user
  • the variable frequency intelligent valve has poor adaptability from detecting the impact of water hammer to achieve variable frequency control.
  • the device has a complex structure and high cost, and the production input capacity of Chinese farmers is limited. , The use of this device increases the burden of agricultural production.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive valve pipeline water hammer impact reduction device.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive irrigation system pipeline water hammer impact reduction device, which can actively respond to the water hammer impact of the valve in the irrigation pipe network, and can effectively reduce the water hammer impact to ensure irrigation water distribution
  • the safety of the key components of the pipe network improves the stability of the irrigation water distribution system, and is especially suitable for multi-user random irrigation and water distribution pipe network conditions.
  • an adaptive irrigation system pipeline water hammer impact reduction device including valve inlet pipe, reducer, water hammer response channel, pressure relief action block, pressure relief ring, reset Springs and isolation ribs, the reducer is arranged on the outside of the valve inlet pipe, the reducer has an annular cavity structure, the inner ring of the reducer is open, and the reducer and the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe form a closed annular cavity; isolation; The edges of the ribs are respectively connected to the inner wall of the reducer and the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe;
  • the first end surface of the pressure relief action block is connected to one end of the pressure relief ring and the return spring.
  • the other end of the return spring is installed on the inner wall of the reducer.
  • the pressure relief action block is attached to the inner wall of the reducer and the outer wall of the pipeline to isolate the ribs from the pressure relief.
  • a pressure relief cavity is formed between the first end surface of the action block, a drainage port is opened on the pressure relief cavity, an action cavity is formed between the isolation rib and the second end surface of the pressure relief action block, and the water hammer response channel communicates the action cavity and Inner cavity of valve inlet pipe;
  • the pressure relief ring is arranged in the pressure relief chamber.
  • the pressure relief ring is provided with a number of pressure relief holes.
  • the valve inlet pipe is provided with a number of pipe holes.
  • the arc between adjacent pipe holes is the same as the arc between adjacent pressure relief holes.
  • the pressure relief ring blocks the pipe hole in the normal water delivery state, and the pressure relief hole is connected with the pipe hole in the pressure relief state.
  • the water hammer response channel includes a water hammer response axial channel and a water hammer response radial channel; the pipe wall of the valve inlet pipe opens in the circumferential direction to form a water hammer response radial channel, and the water hammer response axial channel is an axis along the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe
  • the side of the water flow channel close to the valve is the inlet, the inlet is the water hammer response inlet, and the outlet of the water flow channel is connected to the water hammer response radial channel; the water hammer response inlet is set close to the valve. side.
  • the water flow channel includes a rectangular plate arranged axially along the valve inlet pipe and an arc plate, the long side of the rectangular plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe, and the arc plate is connected to the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe and the The rectangular plates are connected, and the arc-shaped plates are arranged on the side of the radial channel away from the valve in response to the water hammer.
  • the arc of the setting range of the pressure relief ring is the same as that of the pressure relief ring; the pressure relief holes are evenly distributed along the pressure relief ring, the pipe holes are evenly distributed along the pipe wall, and the diameter of the pressure relief holes and the pipe holes are equal.
  • the drainage port is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the pressure relief cavity, a pressure relief valve is provided on the drainage port, a maintenance hole is opened on the cavity wall of the action cavity, and a maintenance hole plug is provided in the maintenance hole.
  • the inner ring of the return spring is provided with a telescopic rod, the first end of the telescopic rod is connected with the inner wall of the reducer, the second end of the telescopic rod is a ball head, the telescopic rod includes a first telescopic section and a second telescopic section, and one end of the return spring is connected In the first telescopic section, the other end of the return spring is connected to the second telescopic section, the first end surface of the pressure relief action block is provided with a ball head seat, the ball head is matched with the ball head seat, and a spring mounting rod is provided on the outside of the return spring, The length of the spring mounting rod is greater than the length of the first telescopic section.
  • a limit boss is provided between the second end surface of the pressure relief action block and the water hammer response radial channel, and the limit boss is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe. Under normal water delivery conditions, the second end surface of the pressure relief action block Contact with the limit boss.
  • the water hammer response radial channel is a rectangular through hole opened in the circumferential direction on the pipe wall of the valve inlet pipe.
  • the arc of the water hammer response radial channel is smaller than the arc between the limiting boss and the isolation rib.
  • the curvature of the relief ring is the same as the curvature of the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe.
  • the present invention provides a pressurized water hammer response axial channel to quickly respond to the impact of water hammer in the valve body pipeline, which is safer than conventional radial water hammer impact
  • the device has a faster response time; a number of pressure relief water flow channels are set on the valve inlet pipeline, which can quickly transfer the impact in the pipeline from the pipeline to the outside of the pipeline during the water hammer impact process, preventing only one from being used in the pressure relief process
  • the pressure relief hole generates secondary radial water hammer impact, and the stability of the device is better; the pressure relief cavity water hammer responds to the axial and radial channels connected, and the pressure relief cavity is directly connected to the inside of the pipeline, so the pressure relief process can be Responding to continuous water hammer impact improves the applicability of the device; the response and adjustment of the water hammer impact of the present invention can be realized without adding corresponding control and detection designs, which reduces the cost of multi-user irrigation
  • the inner ring of the return spring is provided with a telescopic rod
  • the outer side is provided with a spring mounting rod
  • the fixed end of the spring mounting rod is hinged
  • the fixed end of the telescopic rod is connected by a ball-ball seat structure, and the overall structure has a flexible guiding effect on the return spring , To ensure that the return spring is stressed along the axial direction without bending, and to improve the reliability of the pressure relief action block.
  • the circumferential angle of the pressure relief ring is 250°-320°.
  • the impact pressure received by the pressure relief cavity is matched with the pressure relief ring, and the pressure relief efficiency is relatively ideal.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inlet and outlet pipeline and the reducer of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reducer of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure relief action block, the expansion spring pressure relief hole and the pressure relief ring of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a partial structural diagram of the pressure relief action block, the telescopic spring, the pressure relief hole and the pressure relief ring of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the axial channel structure in response to water hammer of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the water hammer response inlet, the water hammer response axial passage, the valve inlet pipe and the pipe hole of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the water hammer response inlet, the water hammer response axial channel and the valve inlet pipe of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional structure diagram of the valve inlet pipe and orifice and the reducer of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the valve inlet pipe and the reducer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the inlet pipe, the pipe hole and the reducer of the valve of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pressure relief state of the reducer of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reducer of the present invention when the pressure is not released;
  • the adaptive irrigation system pipeline water hammer impact mitigation device includes valve inlet pipe 1, reducer 4, water hammer response channel, pressure relief action block 8, pressure relief ring 12, and return spring 15.
  • the reducer 4 is arranged on the outside of the valve inlet pipe 1, the reducer 4 has a ring-shaped cavity structure, the inner ring of the reducer 4 is open, and the reducer 4 and the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe 1 form a closed Annular cavity; the edges of the isolation rib 21 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the reducer 4 and the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe 1;
  • the first end surface of the pressure relief block 8 connects the pressure relief ring 12 and one end of the return spring 15.
  • the other end of the return spring 15 is installed on the inner wall of the reducer 4, and the pressure relief block 8 is attached to the inner wall of the reducer 4 and the outer wall of the pipe.
  • a pressure relief cavity is formed between the isolation rib 21 and the first end surface of the pressure relief action block 8.
  • the pressure relief cavity is provided with a drainage port, and an action cavity is formed between the isolation rib 21 and the second end face of the pressure relief action block 8.
  • the water hammer response channel connects the action cavity and the inner cavity of the valve inlet pipe 1;
  • the pressure relief ring 11 is arranged in the pressure relief chamber.
  • the pressure relief ring 11 is provided with a number of pressure relief holes 12, and the valve inlet pipe 1 is provided with a number of pipe holes 18.
  • the arc between adjacent pipe holes 18 is consistent with the adjacent pressure relief holes.
  • the arcs between the holes 11 are the same, the pressure relief hole 12 and the pipe hole 18 are completely staggered under the normal water delivery state, the pressure relief ring 11 blocks the pipe hole 18, and the pressure relief hole 12 communicates with the pipe hole 18 in the pressure relief state;
  • the water flow channel includes a rectangular plate arranged axially along the valve inlet pipe 1 and an arc plate, the long side of the rectangular plate is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe 1, and the arc plate is connected to the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe 1. And the rectangular plate is connected, and the arc-shaped plate is arranged on the side of the water hammer response radial channel 19 away from the valve 5.
  • the water hammer response channel includes a water hammer response axial channel 9 and a water hammer response radial channel 19; the pipe wall of the valve inlet pipe 1 is opened in the circumferential direction to form a water hammer response radial Channel 19, water hammer response axial channel 9 is a water flow channel axially arranged along the inner wall of the valve inlet pipe 1, the side of the water flow channel close to the valve is the inlet, the inlet is the water hammer response inlet 17, the water flow channel The outlet is connected to the water hammer response radial channel 19; the water hammer response inlet 17 is arranged on the side close to the valve.
  • the circumferential angle of the pressure relief ring 11 is 250° ⁇ 320°, the setting range of the pipe hole 18 is the same as the arc of the pressure relief ring; the pressure relief holes 12 are evenly distributed along the pressure relief ring 11, and the pipe holes 18 are along the pipe wall Evenly distributed, the diameter of the pressure relief hole 12 and the pipe hole 18 are equal.
  • the drainage port is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the pressure relief chamber, a pressure relief valve 2 is provided on the drainage port, a maintenance hole is opened on the cavity wall of the action chamber, and a maintenance hole plug 7 is provided in the maintenance hole.
  • the inner ring of the return spring 15 is provided with a telescopic rod 14.
  • the first end of the telescopic rod 14 is connected with the inner wall of the reducer 4, the second end of the telescopic rod 14 is a ball head, and the telescopic rod 14 includes The first telescopic section and the second telescopic section.
  • One end of the return spring 15 is connected to the first telescopic section, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the second telescopic section.
  • the first end surface of the pressure relief action block 8 is provided with a ball seat 16.
  • the ball head cooperates with the ball head seat 16, a spring mounting rod 10 is arranged on the outside of the return spring 15, and the length of the spring mounting rod 10 is greater than that of the first telescopic section.
  • a limit boss 20 is provided between the second end surface of the pressure relief action block 8 and the water hammer response radial channel 19, and the limit boss 20 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe 1. Under normal water delivery conditions, the pressure relief action The second end surface of the block 8 is in contact with the limiting boss 20.
  • the water hammer response radial channel 19 is a rectangular through hole opened in the circumferential direction on the pipe wall of the valve inlet pipe 1.
  • the arc of the water hammer response radial channel 19 is smaller than the arc between the limiting boss 20 and the isolation rib 21.
  • the curvature of the relief ring 12 is the same as the curvature of the outer wall of the valve inlet pipe 1.
  • the reducer 4 is provided with a pressure relief action block 8, which is provided with a pressure relief ring 12, and the pressure relief ring 12 is provided with several The pressure relief holes 11 are evenly spaced on the pressure relief ring 12.
  • the pressure relief action block 8 is provided with a ball head seat 16.
  • One end of the telescopic rod 14 adopts a ball head structure, and the ball head structure is mounted on the ball Inside the head base 16, the other end of the telescopic rod 14 is connected with the return spring 15.
  • the return spring 15 is installed inside the spring mounting rod 10, the fixed end of the spring mounting rod 10 is mounted on the pin mounting seat 13, and the pin mounting seat 13 is set On the inner wall of the reducer 4, a pin hole is formed on the pin mounting seat 13, and the fixed end of the spring mounting rod 10 and the pin mounting seat 13 are hinged with the pin shaft.
  • the valve inlet pipe 1 is provided with a water hammer response axial channel 9 along the axial direction.
  • the water hammer response axial channel 9 is provided with a water hammer response inlet 17 at one end close to the valve body 5.
  • the other end of the response axial channel 9 is provided with a water hammer response radial channel 19.
  • the water hammer response radial channel 19 also serves as a water outlet on the valve inlet pipe 1.
  • the outer circumference of the valve inlet pipe 1 is along the water hammer response axis
  • a number of pipe holes 18 are provided on both sides of the channel 9, and a limiting boss 20 and an isolation rib 21 are also provided.
  • the limiting boss 20 and the isolation rib 21 are both radially fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the valve inlet pipe 1.
  • the hammer responds to both sides of the radial channel 19.
  • the cavity wall of the action chamber is provided with a maintenance hole
  • the maintenance hole is a threaded hole
  • a maintenance hole plug 7 is provided in the maintenance hole, and the maintenance hole plug is threadedly connected to the maintenance hole Blocking is realized, and the maintenance hole plug is opened to clean and maintain the interior of the reducer 4 when cleaning is needed.
  • the number of pipe holes 18 is the same as the number of pressure relief holes 11 in the present invention.
  • the water hammer response radial channel 19 is a rectangular hole penetrating radially
  • the isolation rib 21 is fixedly arranged on one side of the water hammer response radial channel 19
  • the limiting boss 20 is fixedly arranged on
  • the pressure relief action block 8 is a sector, and the curvature of the internal side of the sector is the same as
  • the outer circumference of the valve inlet pipe 1 has the same curvature, and the two cooperate with each other.
  • the pressure relief ring 12 connected to the pressure relief action block 8 is a circular ring body, and the curvature of the inner side of the circular ring body is the same as that of the valve inlet pipe 1. The two cooperate with each other;
  • the pipe hole 18 is a radial through hole on the valve inlet pipe 1.
  • the diameter of the pipe hole 18 is the same as the diameter of the pressure relief hole 11, and the axes of the pipe hole 18 and the pressure relief hole 11 do not coincide under the state of no pressure relief.
  • the axis of the pipe hole 18 and the pressure relief hole 11 coincide, the water inside the valve inlet pipe 1 enters the reducer 4 through the pipe hole 18 and the pressure relief hole 11 in turn, and then flows out of the pressure relief valve 2 on the reducer 4 .
  • the water hammer response axial passage 9 is a tetrahedron with a curved surface, wherein the curved surface is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the valve inlet pipe 1, one of which is an axial plane, and the side away from the valve body 5 is a radial plane , The side close to the valve body is an opening, and the opening is the water hammer response inlet 17, wherein the axial angle ⁇ between the axial plane and the pipe wall of the valve inlet pipe 1 is 3°-8°.
  • the arc between the adjacent pipe holes 18 is the same as the arc between the adjacent pressure relief holes 11, and the water hammer response axial channel 9 is provided on the circumferential surface of the valve inlet pipe 1 without the pipe hole 18.
  • the wave velocity generated by the impact of the water hammer can enter the water hammer response axial channel 9 through the water hammer response inlet 17, because the water hammer responds to the axial channel 9 9
  • the side close to the center of the pipeline has an angle ⁇ with the axis of the pipeline.
  • the wave velocity generated by the impact of water hammer increases in the water hammer response to the internal pressure of the axial channel.
  • the increased pressure of the fluid enters and subsides through the water hammer response to the radial channel 19 In the action cavity inside the device 4, the pressure inside the action cavity increases.
  • one end surface of the pressure relief action block 8 is in contact with the limit boss 20, as The pressure inside the action chamber increases so that the pressure acting on the pressure relief action block 8 is greater than the support force of the return spring 15.
  • the pressure relief action block 8 drives the pressure relief ring 12 to wrap around the valve along the outer circumference of the valve inlet pipe 1
  • the axis of the inlet pipe 1 rotates, and the direction of rotation is the direction of the compression spring 15.
  • the relative angle between the pressure relief hole 11 on the pressure relief ring 12 and the central axis of the pipe hole 18 on the valve inlet pipe 1 gradually decreases, that is, the pressure relief hole 11 The closest pipe hole 18 is close to the valve inlet.
  • the water hammer impact fluid in the pipe 1 flows from the pipe hole 18 and the pressure relief hole 11 into the pressure relief chamber in turn, and the fluid inside the relief chamber reaches a certain pressure from the pressure relief valve 2.
  • the water hammer impacts the axial passage 9 and the pressure of the action chamber in the reducer 4 to reduce, so that the pressure acting on the pressure relief action block 8 is less than that provided by the return spring 15.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，包括阀门进口管道（1）、消减器（4）以及水锤响应通道；消减器（4）与阀门进口管道（1）外壁形成封闭的环状空腔；隔离筋板（21）的边缘分别连接消减器（4）内壁和阀门进口管道（1）外壁；泄压动作块（8）与消减器（4）内壁以及管道外壁贴合，隔离筋板（21）与泄压动作块（8）第一端面形成泄压腔，泄压腔上开设有排水口，隔离筋板（21）与泄压动作块（8）第二端面形成动作腔，水锤响应通道连通动作腔和阀门进口管道（1）内腔；正常输水状态泄压孔（11）与管道孔（18）完全错开，泄压状态下泄压孔（11）与管道孔（18）连通；该水锤冲击消减装置能够主动响应灌溉配管网中阀门的水锤冲击，并能够有效的消减水锤冲击，保障灌溉配水管网关键部件的安全，提高灌溉配水系统的稳定性，适用于多用户的随机灌溉配水管网工况。

Description

一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置 技术领域
本发明属于农业灌溉装备领域，具体涉及一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，适用于灌溉面积较大、多个取水用户、各用户取水随机的灌溉配水阀门管路。
背景技术
我国是一个农业大国，农业用水量占总用水量的80％，其中农业用水量的绝大多数用于作物的灌溉，但是我们国家的灌溉设备，与发达国家相比差距较大。水资源短缺，严重影响了当地工业、农业的健康发展，也给当地城市生活用水安全产生了影响。近年来随着国民经济和社会的发展，灌溉水资源优化配置与调控的总体发展趋势是：由单水源、单用水部门发展到复杂的多水源、多用水部门；配置内容由单纯的水量配置发展到水量、水质统一调配；配置目标由单目标发展到多目标；由于灌区水资源下垫面与边界条件以及农业用水系统的复杂性，如何将不确定的灌区供、需水量、水管理政策、作物生长特性和经济参数等来优化配置的计算结果，用于指导灌区的实际配水还是比较困难的。
目前在灌溉配水系统中，根据地形、田块、单元、土壤质地、作物种植方式、水源特点等基本情况，设计管道系统的埋设深度、长度、灌区面积等，灌水方式可采用管道灌溉、喷灌、微喷灌、泵加压滴灌、重力滴灌、渗灌、小管出流等。对于单用户的灌区管网设计较为简单且比较成熟，但对于复杂多用户灌区配水输水管路的设计和规划，缺乏相应的理论指导和生产实践，使得多用户随机配水灌区的管路设计方法不明，且管路配水的决策和控制方法不明，影响多用户灌区的优化配水；阀门是灌溉配水过程中的关键部件，由于灌区管网设计大多依据灌区的地势和用户数，特别是山地丘陵灌区管网的布置存在着一定的不规则性，且多用户的配水的随机性和不确定性，需要灌溉输水管路中的阀体频繁开启和关闭，从而造成管路中关键部件的 水锤效应，在多用户配水管路中水锤效应的研究尚不明确需要进一步深入研究，从而保证多用户灌区输水管路的安全性。
目前，涉及阀门管路水锤消减的相关专利有：长距离大流量输水系统过渡过程的阀门关闭优化控制方法(2017100763425)，该方法建立了长距离大流量输水工程水力过渡过程仿真模型，同时采用试算法寻求可行域区间，从而采用优化区间搜索法得到最优可行域，但该方法针对的是大流量单用户的配水系统，对于多用户阀体水锤冲击的消减尚不明确；一种缓速型电动阀门的控制方法及其控制装置(2012102812885)，该装置通过在控制箱内加装了一个脉动时间继电器来达到调节电动阀门电机转速和开关过程运行时间的目的，从而达到防止水锤现象的产生，该方法能够避免电动阀门的烧毁，但对于多用户灌溉系统来说，灌溉配水系统变化的随机性比较大，对于缓速型调节的电动阀门不一定能够满足多用户配水随机性的要求；变频式智能型阀门电动装置(2007100725415)，该装置主要采用变频驱动模块来实现异步电动机的驱动来调节阀门关闭的速度，虽然该装置能够有效的消除“水锤”现象，对于多用户复杂的配水系统而言，该变频式智能型阀门从检测到水锤冲击从而实现变频控制这一过程的自适应性较差，同时该装置结构复杂且成本较高，我国农民的生产投入能力有限，采用该装置增加农业生产负担。鉴于此，本发明提供一种自适应阀门管道水锤冲击消减装置。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，该装置能够主动响应灌溉配管网中阀门的水锤冲击，并能够有效的消减水锤冲击，保障灌溉配水管网关键部件的安全，提高灌溉配水系统的稳定性，特别适用于多用户的随机灌溉配水的管网工况。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，包括阀门进口管道、消减器、水锤响应通道、泄压动作块、泄压环、复位弹簧以及隔离筋板，消减器设置在阀门进口管道的外侧，消减器为环状空腔结构，消减器的内圈为开口式，消减器 与阀门进口管道外壁形成封闭的环状空腔；隔离筋板的边缘分别连接消减器内壁和阀门进口管道外壁；
泄压动作块的第一端面连接泄压环和复位弹簧的一端，复位弹簧的另一端安装在消减器的内壁，泄压动作块与消减器内壁以及管道外壁贴合，隔离筋板与泄压动作块的第一端面之间形成泄压腔，泄压腔上开设有排水口，隔离筋板与泄压动作块的第二端面之间形成动作腔，水锤响应通道连通所述动作腔和阀门进口管道内腔；
泄压环设置在所述泄压腔内，泄压环上开设若干泄压孔，阀门进口管道上开设若干管道孔，相邻管道孔之间的弧度与相邻泄压孔之间的弧度相同，正常输水状态下泄压环封堵管道孔，泄压状态下泄压孔与管道孔连通。
水锤响应通道包括水锤响应轴向通道和水锤响应径向通道；阀门进口管道的管壁沿圆周方向开口形成水锤响应径向通道，水锤响应轴向通道为沿阀门进口管道内壁轴向设置的水流通道，所述水流通道靠近阀门的一侧为入口，所述入口为水锤响应入口，所述水流通道的出口连接水锤响应径向通道；水锤响应入口设置在靠近阀门一侧。
所述水流通道包括一块沿阀门进口管道轴向设置的矩形板以及一块弧形板，所述矩形板的长边与阀门进口管道内壁固定连接，所述弧形板与阀门进口管道内壁以及所述矩形板连接，所述弧形板设置在水锤响应径向通道远离阀门的一侧。
所述矩形板与阀门进口管道管壁的轴向有一夹角β，β为3°～8°。
泄压环的设置范围弧度与泄压环的弧度相同；泄压孔沿着泄压环均匀分布，管道孔沿着管道壁均匀分布，泄压孔和管道孔的直径相等。
所述排水口开设在泄压腔的外圆周面上，所述排水口上设置有泄压阀，所述动作腔的腔壁上开设有维护孔，维护孔中设置有维护孔堵头。
复位弹簧内圈设置有一伸缩杆，伸缩杆的第一端与消减器的内壁连接，伸缩杆的第二端为 球头，伸缩杆包括第一伸缩段和第二伸缩段，复位弹簧的一端连接第一伸缩段，复位弹簧的另一端连接第二伸缩段，泄压动作块的第一端面设置有球头座，所述球头与球头座配合，复位弹簧的外侧设置有弹簧安装杆，弹簧安装杆的长度大于所述第一伸缩段的长度。
泄压动作块第二端面与水锤响应径向通道之间设置有限位凸台，限位凸台与阀门进口管道的外壁固定连接，在正常输水状态下，泄压动作块的第二端面与限位凸台接触。
水锤响应径向通道为阀门进口管道的管壁上沿圆周方向开设的矩形通孔，水锤响应径向通道的弧度小于限位凸台与隔离筋板之间的弧度。
泄压环的曲率与阀门进口管道外壁曲率相同。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：本发明设置了增压型的水锤响应轴向通道来快速响应阀体管路水锤的冲击，相对于常规径向水锤冲击安全装置响应时间更快；在阀门进口管道上设置了若干泄压水流通道，能够在水锤冲击过程中将管路中的冲击迅速从管道中转移到管道外部，防止在泄压过程中只采用一个泄压孔从而产生二次径向水锤冲击，装置的稳定性更好；泄压腔水锤响应轴向和径向通道相连，泄压腔直接与管道内部相连，所以在泄压过程中可以对连续的水锤冲击进行响应，提高了装置的适用性；本发明对水锤冲击的响应和调节不需要增加相应的控制和检测设计就可以实现，降低了多用户灌溉管网建设的成本，从而提高了农业生产效益；能够适应于不同管道和阀体的水锤冲击，能够满足多用户随机灌溉配水的实际工况要求，能够提高灌溉系统的可靠性和稳定性，从而提高农业灌溉管理水平。
进一步的，复位弹簧内圈设置伸缩杆，外侧设置弹簧安装杆，弹簧安装杆的固定端铰接，伸缩杆的固定端采用球头-球头座结构连接，整体结构对复位弹簧具有灵活的导向作用，确保复位弹簧沿着轴向受力，不发生弯曲，提高泄压动作块的可靠性。
进一步的，水锤响应轴向通道的矩形板与阀门进口管道管壁的轴向有一夹角β能增大进入水锤响应通道的水流量，提高泄压效率。
进一步的，泄压环所对的圆周角度为250°～320°，相应的，泄压腔所受到的冲击压力，与泄压环配合，泄压效率均比较理想。
附图说明
图1是本发明装置的外部结构示意图；
图2是本发明进出口管道及消减器剖面结构示意图；
图3是本发明消减器内部结构示意图；
图4是本发明泄压动作块、伸缩弹簧泄压孔和泄压环结构示意图；
图5是本发明泄压动作块、伸缩弹簧、泄压孔和泄压环局部结构示意图；
图6是本发明水锤响应轴向通道结构示意图；
图7是本发明水锤响应入口、水锤响应轴向通道、阀门进口管道及管道孔局部剖视结构示意图；
图8是本发明水锤响应入口、水锤响应轴向通道和阀门进口管道半剖结构示意图；
图9是本发明阀门进口管道及孔道与消减器局部剖面结构示意图；
图10是本发明阀门进口管道与消减器内部结构示意图；
图11是本发明阀门进口管道、管道孔与消减器内局部结构示意图；
图12是本发明消减器泄压状态内部结构示意图；
图13是本发明消减器未泄压时内部结构示意图；
附图中：1-阀门进口管道，2-排水口，3-压力表，4-消减器，5-阀体，6-阀体出口管道，7-维护孔堵头，8-泄压动作块，9-水锤响应轴向通道，10-弹簧安装杆，11-泄压孔，12-泄压环，13-销轴安装座，14-伸缩杆，15-复位弹簧，16-球头座，17-水锤响应入口，18-管道孔，19-水锤响应径向通道，20-限位凸台，21-隔离筋板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的内容并不限于所述范围。
如图1～图4所示，自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，包括阀门进口管道1、消减器4、水锤响应通道、泄压动作块8、泄压环12、复位弹簧15以及隔离筋板21，消减器4设置在阀门进口管道1的外侧，消减器4为环状空腔结构，消减器4的内圈为开口式，消减器4与阀门进口管道1外壁形成封闭的环状空腔；隔离筋板21的边缘分别连接消减器4内壁和阀门进口管道1外壁；
泄压动作块8的第一端面连接泄压环12和复位弹簧15的一端，复位弹簧15的另一端安装在消减器4的内壁，泄压动作块8与消减器4内壁以及管道外壁贴合，隔离筋板21与泄压动作块8的第一端面之间形成泄压腔，泄压腔上开设有排水口，隔离筋板21与泄压动作块8的第二端面之间形成动作腔，水锤响应通道连通所述动作腔和阀门进口管道1内腔；
泄压环11设置在所述泄压腔内，泄压环11上开设若干泄压孔12，阀门进口管道1上开设若干管道孔18，相邻管道孔18之间的弧度与相邻泄压孔11之间的弧度相同，正常输水状态下泄压孔12与管道孔18完全错开，泄压环11封堵管道孔18，泄压状态下泄压孔12与管道孔18连通；
所述水流通道包括一块沿阀门进口管道1轴向设置的矩形板以及一块弧形板，所述矩形板的长边与阀门进口管道1内壁固定连接，所述弧形板与阀门进口管道1内壁以及所述矩形板连接，所述弧形板设置在水锤响应径向通道19远离阀门5的一侧。
如图6、图7和图8所示，水锤响应通道包括水锤响应轴向通道9和水锤响应径向通道19；阀门进口管道1的管壁沿圆周方向开口形成水锤响应径向通道19，水锤响应轴向通道9为沿阀门进口管道1内壁轴向设置的水流通道，所述水流通道靠近阀门的一侧为入口，所述入口为水锤响应入口17，所述水流通道的出口连接水锤响应径向通道19；水锤响应入口17设置在靠近阀门一侧。
所述矩形板与阀门进口管道1管壁的轴向有一夹角β，β为3°～8°。
泄压环11所对的圆周角度为250°～320°，管道孔18的设置范围与泄压环的弧度相同；泄压孔12沿着泄压环11均匀分布，管道孔18沿着管道壁均匀分布，泄压孔12和管道孔18的直径相等。
所述排水口开设在泄压腔的外圆周面上，所述排水口上设置有泄压阀2，所述动作腔的腔壁上开设有维护孔，维护孔中设置有维护孔堵头7。
如图4和图5所示，复位弹簧15内圈设置有一伸缩杆14，伸缩杆14的第一端与消减器4的内壁连接，伸缩杆14的第二端为球头，伸缩杆14包括第一伸缩段和第二伸缩段，复位弹簧15的一端连接第一伸缩段，复位弹簧的另一端连接第二伸缩段，泄压动作块8的第一端面设置有球头座16，所述球头与球头座16配合，复位弹簧15的外侧设置有弹簧安装杆10，弹簧安装杆10的长度大于所述第一伸缩段的长度。
泄压动作块8第二端面与水锤响应径向通道19之间设置有限位凸台20，限位凸台20与阀门进口管道1的外壁固定连接，在正常输水状态下，泄压动作块8的第二端面与限位凸台20接触。
水锤响应径向通道19为阀门进口管道1的管壁上沿圆周方向开设的矩形通孔，水锤响应径向通道19的弧度小于限位凸台20与隔离筋板21之间的弧度。
泄压环12的曲率与阀门进口管道1外壁曲率相同。
如图1～4，以及图10和图11所示，所述消减器4内部设有泄压动作块8，泄压动作块8上设有泄压环12，泄压环12上开设有若干泄压孔11，泄压孔11在泄压环12上间隔均匀开设，同时泄压动作块8上设有球头座16，伸缩杆14一端采用球头结构，所述球头结构安装在球头座16内部，伸缩杆14的另一端与复位弹簧15相连，复位弹簧15安装在弹簧安装杆10内部，弹簧安装杆10的固定端安装在销轴安装座13上，销轴安装座13设置在消减器4的内壁，销 轴安装座13上开设销轴孔，弹簧安装杆10的固定端与销轴安装座13通过销轴铰接。
如图7和图8所示，阀门进口管道1内部沿轴向设有水锤响应轴向通道9，水锤响应轴向通道9上靠近阀体5一端设有水锤响应入口17，水锤响应轴向通道9的另一端设有水锤响应径向通道19，水锤响应径向通道19同时作为阀门进口管道1上的水流出口，阀门进口管道1外圆周面上沿着水锤响应轴向通道9两侧设有若干管道孔18，同时设有限位凸台20和隔离筋板21，限位凸台20和隔离筋板21均径向固定在阀门进口管路1的外圆周面水锤响应径向通道19的两侧。
如图2～图4所示，所述动作腔的腔壁上开设有维护孔，所述维护孔为螺纹孔，维护孔中设置有维护孔堵头7，维护孔堵头与维护孔螺纹连接实现封堵，在需要清理时打开维护孔堵头对消减器4的内部进行清理维护。
本发明优选的，管道孔18的数量与泄压孔11的数量相同。
本发明的一个可选实施例，水锤响应径向通道19为径向贯穿的矩形孔，隔离筋板21固定设置在水锤响应径向通道19的一侧，限位凸台20固定设置在水锤响应径向通道19的与泄压动作块8之间，限位凸台20与泄压动作块8相配合；所述泄压动作块8为扇形体，所述扇形体内侧面的曲率与阀门进口管道1的外圆周面曲率相同，两者相互配合，与泄压动作块8相连的泄压环12为圆环体，圆环体内侧的曲率与阀门进口管道1的外圆曲率相同，两者相互配合；
所述管道孔18为阀门进口管道1上的径向贯穿孔，管道孔18的直径与泄压孔11的直径相同，在不泄压状态下管道孔18和泄压孔11的轴线不重合，泄压状态下管道孔18与泄压孔11的轴线重合，阀门进口管道1内部的水体依次经过管道孔18和泄压孔11进入消减器4，再从消减器4上的泄压阀2流出。
所述水锤响应轴向通道9为有一弧面的四面体，其中弧面设置在阀门进口管道1的内部圆周面上，其中一面为轴向的平面，远离阀体5的一面为径向平面，靠近阀体的一面为开口，所述 开口为水锤响应入口17，其中轴向的平面与阀门进口管道1管壁的轴向夹角β为3°～8°。
所述相邻管道孔18之间的弧度与相邻泄压孔11之间的弧度相同，水锤响应轴向通道9设置在阀门进口管道1圆周面上未开设管道孔18。
如图12和图13所示，在本发明中，当阀门关闭过程中水锤的冲击产生的波速可以通过水锤响应入口17进入水锤响应轴向通道9内部，由于水锤响应轴向通道9靠近管道中心的一面与管道轴线有一夹角β，水锤冲击产生的波速在水锤响应轴向通道9内部压力增大，增大压力的这部分流体通过水锤响应径向通道19进入消减器4内部的动作腔中，使得所述动作腔内部的压力增大，初始时由于复位弹簧15提供的预紧力使得泄压动作块8的一端面与限位凸台20相接触，随着所述动作腔内部的压力增大使得作用在泄压动作块8上的压力大于复位弹簧15的支撑力，泄压动作块8带动泄压环12沿着阀门进口管道1的外圆周面绕阀门进口管道1轴线转动，转动方向为压缩弹簧15的方向，泄压环12上的泄压孔11与阀门进口管道1上的管道孔18的中心轴线的相对角度逐渐变小，即泄压孔11与距离其最近的管道孔18靠近阀门进口管道1中的水锤冲击流体依次从管道孔18和泄压孔11流入泄压腔内部，泄流腔内部的流体达到一定的压力从泄压阀2流出管路，由于管道中的泄流作用使得水锤冲击轴向通道9和消减器4中所述动作腔压力减小，从而使得作用在泄压动作块8上的压力小于复位弹簧15提供的拉力，作用在泄压动作块8上的合力推动其沿着阀门进口管道1的外圆周面向动作腔旋转，泄压动作块8带动泄压环12旋转使得在重合状态的泄压孔11与管道孔18相互远离至管道孔18闭合，阻止管道中流体进入消减器4的内部，完成泄压保护。
上面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，包括阀门进口管道(1)、消减器(4)、水锤响应通道、泄压动作块(8)、泄压环(12)、复位弹簧(15)以及隔离筋板(21)，消减器(4)设置在阀门进口管道(1)的外侧，消减器(4)为环状空腔结构，消减器(4)的内圈为开口式，消减器(4)与阀门进口管道(1)外壁形成封闭的环状空腔；隔离筋板(21)的边缘分别连接消减器(4)内壁和阀门进口管道(1)外壁；
    泄压动作块(8)的第一端面连接泄压环(12)和复位弹簧(15)的一端，复位弹簧(15)的另一端与消减器(4)的内壁连接，泄压动作块(8)与消减器(4)内壁以及管道外壁贴合，隔离筋板(21)与泄压动作块(8)的第一端面之间形成泄压腔，泄压腔上开设有排水口，隔离筋板(21)与泄压动作块(8)的第二端面之间形成动作腔，水锤响应通道连通所述动作腔和阀门进口管道(1)内腔；
    泄压环(11)设置在所述泄压腔内，泄压环(11)上开设若干泄压孔(12)，阀门进口管道(1)上开设若干管道孔(18)，相邻管道孔(18)之间的弧度与相邻泄压孔(11)之间的弧度相同，正常输水状态下泄压环(11)封堵管道孔(18)，泄压状态下泄压孔(12)与管道孔(18)连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，水锤响应通道包括水锤响应轴向通道(9)和水锤响应径向通道(19)；阀门进口管道(1)的管壁沿圆周方向开口形成水锤响应径向通道(19)，水锤响应轴向通道(9)为沿阀门进口管道(1)内壁轴向设置的水流通道，所述水流通道靠近阀门的一侧为入口，所述入口为水锤响应入口(17)，所述水流通道的出口连接水锤响应径向通道(19)；水锤响应入口(17)设置在靠近阀门一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，所述水流通道包括一块弧形板以及一块沿阀门进口管道(1)轴向设置的矩形板，所述矩形板的长边与阀门进口管道(1)内壁固定连接，所述弧形板与阀门进口管道(1)内壁以及所述矩形板连接， 所述弧形板设置在水锤响应径向通道(19)远离阀门(5)的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，所述矩形板与阀门进口管道(1)管壁的轴向有一夹角β，β为3°～8°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，泄压环(11)所对的圆周角度为250°～320°，管道孔(18)的设置范围弧度与泄压环的弧度相同；泄压孔(12)沿着泄压环(11)均匀分布，管道孔(18)沿着管道壁均匀分布，泄压孔(12)和管道孔(18)的直径相等。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，所述排水口开设在泄压腔的外圆周面上，所述排水口上设置有泄压阀(2)，所述动作腔的腔壁上开设有维护孔，维护孔中设置有维护孔堵头(7)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，复位弹簧(15)内圈设置有一伸缩杆(14)，伸缩杆(14)的第一端与消减器(4)的内壁连接，伸缩杆(14)的第二端为球头，泄压动作块(8)的第一端面设置有球头座(16)，所述球头与球头座(16)配合，复位弹簧(15)的外侧设置有弹簧安装杆(10)，弹簧安装杆(10)的长度大于所述第一伸缩段的长度；伸缩杆(14)包括第一伸缩段和第二伸缩段，复位弹簧(15)的一端连接第一伸缩段，复位弹簧的另一端连接第二伸缩段。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，泄压动作块(8)第二端面与水锤响应径向通道(19)之间设置有限位凸台(20)，限位凸台(20)与阀门进口管道(1)的外壁固定连接，在正常输水状态下，泄压动作块(8)的第二端面与限位凸台(20)接触。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，水锤响应径向通道(19)为阀门进口管道(1)的管壁上沿圆周方向开设的矩形通孔，水锤响应径向通 道(19)的弧度小于限位凸台(20)与隔离筋板(21)之间的弧度。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的自适应灌溉系统管路水锤冲击消减装置，其特征在于，泄压环(12)的曲率与阀门进口管道(1)外壁曲率相同。
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