WO2020248399A1 - 一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法 - Google Patents
一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/195—Non-synchronous stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- the present invention relates to the field of satellite communication, in particular to an adaptive satellite alignment method for a low-orbit mobile satellite communication network.
- Satellite communication is an important means of information transmission in contemporary society.
- the low-orbit broadband satellite network provides communication capabilities with large bandwidth, flexible configuration, anti-interference, low latency, and high reliability, which can promote the development of communication.
- countries are actively participating in the wave of low-orbit satellite development.
- Low-orbit satellite networks have been extensively studied in 5G communications, Internet of Things and other fields.
- the satellite communication system based on the low-orbit satellite keeps moving at the same time. Therefore, it is defined as a "mobile communication system".
- the multi-dimensional coupling movement of the mobile terminal and the low-orbit satellite makes the offset angle of the mobile terminal’s array antenna and the satellite beam present complex dynamic characteristics.
- the beams of the two frequently deviate from the alignment direction, which means The speed and accuracy of beam alignment have a significant impact on network capacity.
- the traditional satellite alignment algorithm is implemented by mechanically scanning the antenna.
- the mechanical servo mechanism controls the antenna direction and compares the received signal strength in different directions to estimate the satellite direction.
- the existing mobile terminal alignment system generally uses open-loop tracking and closed-loop tracking. Combination is used to align the stars, but it cannot be completely idealized.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive satellite alignment method for a low-orbit mobile satellite communication network in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
- the specific technical solutions are as follows:
- S2 Receive the signal through the array antenna, and use the MUSIC-based angle estimation method to estimate the offset angle between the array antenna and the satellite beam;
- the adaptive coupling model is used to track the satellite direction, and the antenna direction tracking alignment is achieved according to the characteristic parameters extracted during the tracking process;
- S4 Adjust the parameters in the angle estimation method based on MUSIC according to the characteristic parameters obtained in S3, and return to S2 to realize the real-time estimation of the offset angle and real-time tracking and alignment of the antenna direction.
- S1 is specifically:
- the search range of the array antenna The initial value of is set to the entire airspace, and the initial value n of the number of sampling points is set; all the tracking characteristic parameters of the local layer and the global layer of the adaptive coupling model are initialized, and the azimuth angle A(t) and the elevation angle E of the satellite direction are initialized.
- S2.1 Divide the airspace and determine the beam direction of the array antenna to To search the range, perform spiral spatial scanning for each spatial region through beamforming around the beam direction;
- ⁇ S and ⁇ N are the eigenvalues of the two subspaces, and T is the transpose;
- ⁇ MUSIC is the value of ⁇ when the function on the right is maximized.
- F is the process matrix obtained according to the movement situation
- T is transpose
- K t (HP t
- the adaptive satellite alignment method of the low-orbit mobile satellite communication network focusing on the beam alignment technology of array antennas and low-orbit satellites, focusing on reducing the offset angle estimation error caused by multi-dimensional coupling motion, and effectively improving the dynamic offset angle estimation Speed and accuracy, thereby improving the speed and accuracy of antenna alignment, enabling real-time antenna and satellite alignment.
- Figure 1 is a design flow chart of the adaptive satellite alignment algorithm for the low-orbit mobile satellite communication network.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between absolute mean value and signal-to-noise ratio of the star-aligning method of the present invention, the star-aligning method based on MUSIC angle estimation, and the star-aligning method based on the adaptive coupling model;
- Fig. 3 is a diagram of the relationship between the mean square error and the signal-to-noise ratio of the star-aligning method of the present invention, the star-aligning method based on MUSIC angle estimation, and the star-aligning method based on the adaptive coupling model.
- An adaptive satellite alignment method for a low-orbit mobile satellite communication network includes the following steps:
- the search range of the array antenna The initial value of is set to the entire airspace, and the initial value n of the number of sampling points is set; all the tracking characteristic parameters of the local layer and the global layer of the adaptive coupling model are initialized, and the azimuth angle A(t) and the elevation angle E of the satellite direction are initialized.
- S2 Receive signals through the array antenna, and use the MUSIC-based angle estimation method to estimate the offset angle between the array antenna beam and the satellite beam;
- S2.1 Divide the airspace and determine the beam direction of the array antenna to To search the range, perform spiral spatial scanning for each spatial region through beamforming around the beam direction;
- ⁇ S and ⁇ N are the eigenvalues of the two subspaces, and T is the transpose;
- ⁇ MUSIC is the value of ⁇ when the function on the right is maximized.
- the adaptive coupling model is used to track the satellite direction, and the antenna direction tracking alignment is achieved according to the characteristic parameters extracted during the tracking process;
- the adaptive coupling model characterizes the feature parameters in the motion tracking problem through the local layer and the global layer respectively.
- the local layer is used to track the short-period rapid change characteristics caused by the ship motion
- the global layer is used to continuously track the satellite motion characteristics to achieve multi-dimensional Decoupling of movement.
- F is the process matrix obtained according to the movement situation
- T is transpose
- K t (HP t
- S4 Adjust the parameters in the angle estimation method based on MUSIC according to the characteristic parameters obtained in S3, and return to S2 to realize the real-time estimation of the offset angle and real-time tracking and alignment of the antenna direction.
- Figures 2 and 3 respectively show the relationship between absolute mean, mean square error and signal-to-noise ratio of the three methods of the present invention, the method of aligning the satellite, the method of aligning the satellite based on MUSIC angle estimation, and the method of aligning the satellite based on the adaptive coupling model
- the alignment method of the present invention has higher accuracy and better stability than the other two methods.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,该方法首先通过阵列天线接收信号,采用基于MUSIC的角度估计方法来估计阵列天线与卫星波束的偏移角;然后基于估计的偏移角,使用自适应耦合模型进行对卫星方向的跟踪,并根据跟踪过程中提取的特征参数,实现天线方向跟踪对准;最后根据得到的特征参数,调整基于MUSIC的角度估计方法中的参数,重复以上步骤,实现偏移角的实时估计和天线方向的实时跟踪对准。该对星方法有效提升了动态偏移角估计的速度和精度,从而提升了天线对准的速度和精度。
Description
本发明涉及卫星通信领域,尤其涉及一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法。
卫星通信是当代社会信息传输的重要手段,然而随着时代的发展,当代社会对通信的需求日益增长,通信的两端场景也越发复杂。近年来,我国开始布局建设基于低轨移动卫星的全球通信网络,低轨宽带卫星网络提供大带宽、灵活可配、抗干扰、低时延、高可靠性的通信能力,可以促进通信发展,目前各国都积极地投身到低轨卫星发展浪潮中,低轨卫星网络在5G通信、物联网等领域都得到了广泛研究。
与现有的基于地球同步卫星的动中通通信系统相比,基于低轨卫星的卫星通信系统的收发两端同时保持运动,因此将之定义为“动动通”通信系统。在动动通网络中,运动终端与低轨卫星的多维耦合运动使得运动终端的阵列天线与卫星波束的偏移角呈现复杂的动态特性,两者的波束频繁偏离对准方向,这就意味着波束对准的速度和精度对网络容量有显著影响。传统对星算法通过机械扫描天线来实现,通过机械伺服机构控制天线方向,比较不同方向下的接收信号强度,从而估计卫星方向;现有的运动终端对星系统一般采用开环跟踪与闭环跟踪相结合的方式来进行对星,但也不能够进行完全理想化的补偿。
发明内容
本发明的目的在与针对现有技术的不足,提供一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,具体技术方案如下:
一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1:初始化自适应耦合模型的局部层和全局层的所有跟踪特征参数;
S2:通过阵列天线接收信号,采用基于MUSIC的角度估计方法来估计阵列天线与卫星波束的偏移角;
S3:基于估计的偏移角,使用自适应耦合模型进行对卫星方向的跟踪,并根据跟踪过程中提取的特征参数,实现天线方向跟踪对准;
S4:根据S3得到的特征参数,调整基于MUSIC的角度估计方法中的参数,返回到S2,实现偏移角的实时估计和天线方向的实时跟踪对准。
进一步地,所述S1具体为:
将阵列天线的搜索范围
的初值设定为整个空域,并且设定采样点数的初值n;初始化自 适应耦合模型的局部层和全局层的所有跟踪特征参数,将卫星方向的方位角A(t)和俯仰角E(t)及它们对应的角速度的跟踪值作为t时刻状态矩阵X
t的参数,设定跟踪间隔ΔT,以t=0时刻作为跟踪开始时间,将t=0时刻的观测值Y
t作为状态矩阵初值;设定局部层分层长度N,将观测值[Y
t,Y
t-1,...,Y
t-N+1]作为t时刻的局部层分层特征,设定特征参数跟踪误差P、过程误差Q和观测误差R的初值,且跟踪误差P的初值和观测误差R的初值相等。
进一步地,所述S2通过以下子步骤来实现:
S2.2:在完成一次空间扫描后,在搜索到最大接收信号功率的扫描方向上得到接收信号X(t);
S2.3:计算接收信号X(t)的协方差矩阵值R
XX,而后采用下式对其进行特征值分解,从中获得信号子空间U
S与噪声子空间U
N
其中,∑
S和∑
N分别为两者子空间的特征值,T为转置;
S2.4:在噪声子空间U
N中,通过下式得到偏移角
其中,α(θ)=[a
1,a
2,...,a
K]
T为相位信息;θ
MUSIC即为使得右侧函数取最大值时的θ值。
S2.5:通过步骤S2.1到S2.4得到方位角上的偏移角θ
A和俯仰角上的偏移角θ
E,并通过阵列天线参数得到天线方向的方位角A(t)和俯仰角E(t)的值,然后根据下式得到t时刻的观测值Y
t
进一步地,所述S3通过以下子步骤来实现:
S3.1:根据t-1时刻的状态X
t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的状态矩阵X
t|t-1,有
X
t|t-1=FX
t-1 (2)
其中,F为根据运动情况得到的过程矩阵;
S3.2:根据t-1时刻的跟踪误差P
t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的跟踪误差P
t|t-1
P
t|t-1=FP
t-1F
T+Q (3)
其中,T为转置;
S3.3:根据所述的X
t|t-1和所述的Y
t得到当前时刻的状态矩阵的估计值X
t,并改变天线波 束方向,进行天线对准;
X
t=X
t|t-1+K
t(Y
t-HX
t|t-1) (4)
其中,K
t=(HP
t|t-1H
T+R),
S3.4:根据下式得到当前时刻的跟踪误差的估计值P
t
P
t=(I-K
tH)P
t|t-1 (5)
S3.6:当t<N时,再次初始化特征参数跟踪误差P、过程误差Q和观测误差R;当t≥N时,通过加权线性拟合的方法来估计Q,即首先通过最小化线性损失函数
估计线性参数
然后进行线性拟合近似,最后估计Q的方差
进一步地,所述S4通过以下子步骤来实现:
S4.2:令t=t+1,返回S2。
本发明的有益效果如下:
低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,聚焦研究阵列天线与低轨卫星的波束对准技术,着眼于降低多维耦合运动导致的偏移角估计误差,有效提升了动态偏移角估计的速度和精度,从而提升了天线对准的速度和精度,能够实现实时地天线和卫星的对准。
图1是低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星算法设计流程图。
图2是本发明的对星方法、基于MUSIC的角度估计的对星方法、基于自适应耦合模型的对星方法的绝对均值和信噪比的关系图;
图3是本发明的对星方法、基于MUSIC的角度估计的对星方法、基于自适应耦合模型的对星方法的均方误差和信噪比的关系图。
下面根据附图和优选实施例详细描述本发明,本发明的目的和效果将变得更加明白,以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,如图1所示,该方法包括以下步骤:
S1:初始化自适应耦合模型的局部层和全局层的所有跟踪特征参数;
将阵列天线的搜索范围
的初值设定为整个空域,并且设定采样点数的初值n;初始化自适应耦合模型的局部层和全局层的所有跟踪特征参数,将卫星方向的方位角A(t)和俯仰角E(t)及它们对应的角速度的跟踪值作为t时刻状态矩阵X
t的参数,设定跟踪间隔ΔT,以t=0时刻作为跟踪开始时间,将t=0时刻的观测值Y
t作为状态矩阵初值;设定局部层分层长度N,将观测值[Y
t,Y
t-1,...,Y
t-N+1]作为t时刻的局部层分层特征,设定特征参数跟踪误差P、过程误差Q和观测误差R的初值,且跟踪误差P的初值和观测误差R的初值相等;
S2:通过阵列天线接收信号,采用基于MUSIC的角度估计方法来估计阵列天线波束与卫星波束的偏移角;
S2.2:在完成一次空间扫描后,在搜索到最大接收信号功率的扫描方向上得到接收信号X(t);
S2.3:计算接收信号X(t)的协方差矩阵值R
XX,而后采用下式对其进行特征值分解,从中获得信号子空间U
S与噪声子空间U
N
其中,∑
S和∑
N分别为两者子空间的特征值,T为转置;
S2.4:在噪声子空间U
N中,通过下式得到偏移角
其中,α(θ)=[a
1,a
2,...,a
K]
T为相位信息;θ
MUSIC即为使得右侧函数取最大值时的θ值。
S2.5:通过步骤S2.1到S2.4得到方位角上的偏移角θ
A和俯仰角上的偏移角θ
E,并通过阵列天线参数得到天线方向的方位角A(t)和俯仰角E(t)的值,然后根据下式得到t时刻的观测值Y
t
S3:基于估计的偏移角,使用自适应耦合模型进行对卫星方向的跟踪,并根据跟踪过程中提取的特征参数,实现天线方向跟踪对准;
自适应耦合模型将运动跟踪问题中的特征参数通过局部层和全局层分别表征,使用局部层来跟踪船舶运动导致的短周期快速变化特征,使用全局层对卫星运动特征进行持续跟踪,从而实现多维运动的解耦。
S3.1:根据t-1时刻的状态X
t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的状态矩阵X
t|t-1,有
X
t|t-1=FX
t-1 (4)
其中,F为根据运动情况得到的过程矩阵;
S3.2:根据t-1时刻的跟踪误差P
t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的跟踪误差P
t|t-1
P
t|t-1=FP
t-1F
T+Q (5)
其中,T为转置;
S3.3:根据所述的X
t|t-1和所述的Y
t得到当前时刻的状态矩阵的估计值X
t,并改变天线波束方向,进行天线对准;
X
t=X
t|t-1+K
t(Y
t-HX
t|t-1) (6)
其中,K
t=(HP
t|t-1H
T+R),
S3.4:根据下式得到当前时刻的跟踪误差的估计值P
t
P
t=(I-K
tH)P
t|t-1 (7)
S3.6:当t<N时,再次初始化特征参数跟踪误差P、过程误差Q和观测误差R;当t≥N时,通过加权线性拟合的方法来估计Q,即首先通过最小化线性损失函数
估计线性参数
然后进行线性拟合近似,最后估计Q的方差
S4:根据S3得到的特征参数,调整基于MUSIC的角度估计方法中的参数,返回到S2,实现偏移角的实时估计和天线方向的实时跟踪对准。
S4.2:令t=t+1,返回S2。
图2和3分别为是本发明的对星方法、基于MUSIC的角度估计的对星方法、基于自适应耦合模型的对星方法等三种方法的绝对均值、均方误差和信噪比的关系图,从图2和图3可以看出,本发明的对星方法与另外两种方法相比,精度更高,稳定性更好。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解,以上所述仅为发明的优选实例而已,并不用于限制发明,尽管参照前述实例对发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实例记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在发明的精神和原则之内,所做的修改、等同替换等均应包含在发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
- 一种低轨移动卫星通信网络的自适应对星方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:S1:初始化自适应耦合模型的局部层和全局层的所有跟踪特征参数;S2:通过阵列天线接收信号,采用基于MUSIC的角度估计方法来估计阵列天线与卫星波束的偏移角;S3:基于估计的偏移角,使用自适应耦合模型进行对卫星方向的跟踪,并根据跟踪过程中提取的特征参数,实现天线方向跟踪对准;S4:根据S3得到的特征参数,调整基于MUSIC的角度估计方法中的参数,返回到S2,实现偏移角的实时估计和天线方向的实时跟踪对准。
- 根据权利要求2所述的自适应对星方法,其特征在于,所述S2通过以下子步骤来实现:S2.2:在完成一次空间扫描后,在搜索到最大接收信号功率的扫描方向上得到接收信号X(t);S2.3:计算接收信号X(t)的协方差矩阵值R XX,而后采用下式对其进行特征值分解,从中获得信号子空间U S与噪声子空间U N其中,∑ S和∑ N分别为两者子空间的特征值,T为转置;S2.4:在噪声子空间U N中,通过下式得到偏移角其中,α(θ)=[a 1,a 2,...,a K] T为相位信息;θ MUSIC即为使得右侧函数取最大值时的θ值;S2.5:通过步骤S2.1到S2.4得到方位角上的偏移角θ A和俯仰角上的偏移角θ E,并通过阵 列天线参数得到天线方向的方位角A(t)和俯仰角E(t)的值,然后根据下式得到t时刻的观测值Y t
- 根据权利要求3所述的自适应对星方法,其特征在于,所述S3通过以下子步骤来实现:S3.1:根据t-1时刻的状态X t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的状态矩阵X t|t-1,有X t|t-1=FX t-1 (4)其中,F为根据运动情况得到的过程矩阵;S3.2:根据t-1时刻的跟踪误差P t-1以及运动情况预测t时刻的跟踪误差P t|t-1P t|t-1=FP t-1F T+Q (5)其中,T为转置;S3.3:根据所述的X t|t-1和所述的Y t得到当前时刻的状态矩阵的估计值X t,并改变天线波束方向,进行天线对准;X t=X t|t-1+K t(Y t-HX t|t-1) (6)其中,K t=(HP t|t-1H T+R),S3.4:根据下式得到当前时刻的跟踪误差的估计值P tP t=(I-K tH)P t|t-1 (7)
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| CN118523833B (zh) * | 2024-07-23 | 2024-10-22 | 深圳市云天智能通讯有限公司 | 卫星通信终端的智能天线控制方法及相关设备 |
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| CN119652434B (zh) * | 2024-12-16 | 2025-10-10 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | 一种利用展源测量毫米波天线指向误差的方法 |
| CN121261756B (zh) * | 2025-11-27 | 2026-03-31 | 江苏大学 | 一种面向车联网地面-非地面融合通信系统的高精度波束对齐方法及车载通信终端 |
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