WO2020245014A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur nutzung der bei der herstellung von aluminium anfallenden kohlenstoffoxide - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur nutzung der bei der herstellung von aluminium anfallenden kohlenstoffoxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020245014A1 WO2020245014A1 PCT/EP2020/064777 EP2020064777W WO2020245014A1 WO 2020245014 A1 WO2020245014 A1 WO 2020245014A1 EP 2020064777 W EP2020064777 W EP 2020064777W WO 2020245014 A1 WO2020245014 A1 WO 2020245014A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- pyrolysis
- hydrogen
- production
- aluminum
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/22—Collecting emitted gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for utilizing the carbon oxides obtained in the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide in the melt, using at least one anode made of a carbon-containing material, a pyrolysis carbon being used for the production of the at least one anode , wherein a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas or methane, is carried out, in which pyrolysis carbon and hydrogen are formed.
- the subject matter of the present invention is also a system network comprising an electrolysis device for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide.
- the production of aluminum takes place mainly via the fused-salt electrolysis according to the Hall-Heroult process.
- a eutectic mixture of the low-melting aluminum mineral cryolite (Na 3 [AIF 6 ]) and the high-melting aluminum oxide (corundum) is subjected to the fused-salt electrolysis, the aluminum oxide being reduced.
- aluminum oxide is dissociated into its ions.
- the aluminum ions in the melt migrate to the cathode, where they take up electrons and are reduced to aluminum atoms.
- the negative oxygen ions 0 2 migrate to the anode, give off excess electrons and react with the carbon of the anode to form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which escape as gases.
- C0 2 carbon dioxide
- CO carbon monoxide
- S0 2 sulfur dioxide
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- Carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) and silicon tetrafluoride (Si F 4 ) are also relevant in terms of quantity at low oxygen concentrations.
- the components C0 2 , CO and S0 2 result from the anode burn-up.
- the calcined petroleum coke used from the processing contains sulfur components, depending on the quality in the range of, for example, 1 to 7% by weight.
- the exhaust gases from aluminum production are released into the atmosphere [Aarhaug et al, “Aluminum Primary Production Off-Gas Composition and Emissions: An OverView”, JOM, Vol.71, No.9, 2019].
- Certain permissible limit values must not be exceeded for emissions of S02 and HF.
- the emissions of climate-damaging gases are increasingly regulated. About 7% of global industrial energy consumption and 2.5% of anthropogenic greenhouse gases can be traced back to aluminum production. In the life cycle of primary aluminum production, up to 20 C0 2 equivalents / kg aluminum can arise.
- EP 0635045 B1 describes the production of pure pyrolysis carbon by decomposing methane, with hydrogen being formed in addition to the carbon. This is based on a methane-containing feedstock and this is decomposed in a plasma torch at over 1600 ° C. This document also mentions that carbon produced pyrolytically in this way is suitable, due to its specific properties, for the production of anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum ores.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the carbon oxides produced in the production of aluminum can be put to useful use.
- the aim is to ensure that this sensible use of the resulting carbon oxides takes place as close as possible to the place where they arise.
- Another task was to put the exhaust gases generated during anode production to good use.
- the solution to the aforementioned object is provided by a method of the type mentioned at the outset with the features of claim 1 or a system network with the features of the independent claim 8.
- the hydrogen formed during the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is mixed with carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide from the electrolytic production of aluminum, whereby a gas flow is generated which can be fed to further use.
- the basic idea of the present invention is thus to combine the process of producing the electrodes for the fused-salt electrolysis of aluminum by pyrolysis with the fused-salt electrolysis itself, with the hydrocarbons occurring in one process in addition to the pyrolysis carbon and the hydrocarbons in the second process , namely the electrolysis of aluminum, carbon oxides that are harmful to the environment are combined to form a gas mixture which has a sensible composition that enables further technical use of this gas mixture in various processes.
- a gas stream containing hydrogen and a gas stream containing carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide or a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and / or gas stream containing carbon monoxide is then fed to a reverse water gas shift reaction in which at least one portion of the carbon dioxide is reacted with hydrogen and reduced to carbon monoxide, thus generating a stream of synthesis gas.
- Synthesis gas in the narrower sense means industrially produced gas mixtures that contain hydrogen and carbon monoxide as well as other gases. Depending on the ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas mixture, various products can be produced from synthesis gas, for example liquid fuels according to the Fischer-Tropsch process with a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 1 - 2: 1, alcohols such as methanol or Ethanol at a ratio of around 2: 1, or methane or synthetic natural gas (SNG) through methanization reaction at a ratio of around 3: 1.
- synthesis gas for example liquid fuels according to the Fischer-Tropsch process with a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of 1 - 2: 1, alcohols such as methanol or Ethanol at a ratio of around 2: 1, or methane or synthetic natural gas (SNG) through methanization reaction at a ratio of around 3: 1.
- the aforementioned reaction (2) is an equilibrium reaction which, when the reaction conditions are changed, for example when the temperature is increased, is reversed Direction expires.
- This reverse reaction is referred to here as the reverse water gas shift reaction and corresponds to the reaction equation given below:
- the aforementioned reaction (3) can thus be used to convert a portion of the carbon dioxide formed during the melt flow electrolysis of the aluminum oxide with the aid of hydrogen from the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons or from another source into carbon monoxide, in order to generate further carbon monoxide in this way and to provide a synthesis gas which has a higher proportion of carbon monoxide with a simultaneously reduced content of carbon dioxide, so that this synthesis gas mixture has a composition which is particularly suitable for specific further conversions.
- the synthesis gas mixture can be used, for example, together with hydrogen in a chemical or biotechnological plant, according to a preferred variant of the present invention.
- the synthesis gas obtained can be methanized, for example:
- the methane obtained is advantageously fed back into the methane pyrolysis process and used to produce the carbon anodes. This can avoid carbon emissions. Hydrogen is therefore used as a reducing agent for the aluminum oxide: Methane pyrolysis (target reaction):
- the methane product gas stream is advantageously dried before being returned to the Pyrolysereak tor, for example with a molecular sieve or a gamma-AI203 dryer.
- the synthesis gas stream is used to produce methanol, at least one alcohol and / or at least one other chemical product of value.
- Other chemical products of value are carbon-based organic compounds of virtually any type that can be produced from synthesis gases, such as olefins, aldehydes, ethers, etc., with the help of known manufacturing processes, or fuels or fuel mixtures such as gasoline or diesel or high-energy gases such as methane or other higher gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons and the like.
- the ratio of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the gas flow obtained in the electrolytic manufacture of aluminum is set via the selection of the anodic current density in the electrolysis.
- the anodic current density is one of several possible parameters that influence the ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide in the gas mixture that is produced by the anode burn-up during the fused-metal electrolysis of aluminum oxide. The following two equations apply to this reaction and the ratio in which the two carbon oxides are formed:
- the pyrolysis of methane produces one mole of C and two moles of H 2 from one mole of CH 4 .
- 2 moles of Al 2 0 3 result in 4 moles of AI and 3 moles of 0 2 .
- the oxygen reacts with the carbon to form C0 2 and CO.
- 1.5 moles of O 2 and two moles of C yield 1 mole of C0 2 and 1 mole of CO, and 1.5 moles of 0 2 and 3 moles of C yield 3 moles of CO.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a system network comprising an electrolysis device for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide, the system group further comprising at least one reactor in which pyrolysis carbon and hydrogen are generated by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, in particular methane or natural gas, this reactor is preferably located in close proximity to the electrolysis device.
- the system network according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one device in which anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum are produced from pyrolysis carbon or a carbon mixture comprising pyrolysis carbon.
- the system network according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one device in which hydrogen from pyrolysis is mixed with carbon oxides from aluminum electrolysis.
- the system network according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one feed device for the gas mixture that has formed for a further use.
- the volatile hydrocarbons produced during the production of the anode can be beneficial in returned to the reactor for hydrocarbon pyrolysis.
- these volatile hydrocarbons are fed via a line (19) from the device for anode production (6) into the reactor for hydrocarbon pyrolysis (1) or these volatile hydrocarbons are fed via a line (19) to the feed line (2) for methane or others Hydrocarbons added to the reactor for hydrocarbon pyrolysis (1).
- the system network thus further comprises a device in which anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum are produced from the pyrolysis carbon produced in the reactor by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, in particular methane or natural gas.
- This device is supplied with the Pyrolysekoh fuel, possibly other carbon materials such as petroleum coke, on the one hand, and the binder on the other hand.
- the pyrolytic carbon can be processed into the anodes quasi at the site of its production within the same system network, which can then be used directly in the fused-salt electrolysis unit, which is also part of the system network, for the production of aluminum.
- Great advantages also result from the self-supply with pyrolysis carbon and the possibility of using partly inexpensive calcined petroleum coke with higher sulfur contents, since the pyrolysis carbon does not contain any sulfur and can thus compensate for higher sulfur contents of other carbon contents.
- the system network further comprises at least one device in which a reverse water-gas shift reaction is carried out, which is in operative connection with the reactor in which the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons takes place.
- a reverse water-gas shift reaction is carried out, which is in operative connection with the reactor in which the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons takes place.
- carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are produced in addition to aluminum from the anode burn-off.
- These two gases can be fed together with a hydrogen stream from the methane pyrolysis of the aforementioned device, for example a reactor, in which the reverse water-gas shift reaction (see equation (3) above) is carried out.
- the proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture is reduced and the proportion of carbon monoxide in the gas mixture is increased with the addition of energy.
- Particularly preferred in the context of the present invention is a system network in which the fused-salt electrolysis for aluminum production and the reactor for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons such as methane and the device in which the reverse water-gas shift reaction takes place, each in close proximity to one another are arranged so that the transfer of the gases for the reverse water gas shift reaction, i.e. the hydrogen from the pyrolysis and the carbon oxides that are formed in the melt flow electrolysis by the anode burn-up, preferably via lines connecting the individual areas of the system network with not too long lines are possible.
- the gases for the reverse water gas shift reaction i.e. the hydrogen from the pyrolysis and the carbon oxides that are formed in the melt flow electrolysis by the anode burn-up
- the system network furthermore comprises at least one chemical or biotechnological system which is in operative connection with the reactor or with the device in which a reverse water gas shift reaction is carried out.
- This chemical or biotechnological plant can supply hydrogen from methane pyrolysis, for example, directly from the pyrolysis reactor by connecting it to the chemical or biotechnological plant via at least one line.
- a synthesis gas which has been generated in the device by means of a reverse water-gas shift reaction from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which comes from the burn-up of the anodes of the fused-salt electrolysis, with enrichment with carbon monoxide, with admixture of water.
- the hydrogen from methane pyrolysis is fed to the chemical or biotechnological plant via at least one line connecting the device to this plant.
- the hydrogen is not fed to the plant directly from the pyrolysis, but rather with the previous one the water gas shift reaction generated synthesis gas.
- the device for producing anodes from carbon obtained by pyrolysis is connected to the methane pyrolysis reactor via a feed device, the device using this feed device to produce pyrolytically produced carbon or a carbon mixture in the reactor, for example a mixture of calcined petroleum coke and pyrolytic carbon is supplied and the device is optionally supplied with a binder via a further supply device.
- the anodes produced in this way from pyrolytically obtained carbon and binding agent can be used within the system network directly in the system for the production of aluminum by melting electrolyte. If a carbon mixture is used, the carbon components are mixed and baked into anodes in a high-temperature process by means of a binder, for example pitch.
- the system network comprises at least one line for hydrogen, which leads from the reactor to the chemical or biotechnological plant and / or at least one line for hydrogen, which leads from the reactor to the device in which a reverse Water gas shift reaction is carried out.
- the system network comprises at least one line for carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide, which leads from the electrolysis device to the device in which a reverse water-gas shift reaction is carried out.
- the mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide generated during the electrolysis by the oxidation at the anode is fed via such a line to the device, in which it is mixed with hydrogen from the pyrolysis reactor and a synthesis gas is generated, the carbon monoxide content optionally being replaced by the reverse water gas shift reaction can be increased.
- the system network comprises at least one line for synthesis gas containing at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which leads from the device in which a reverse water gas shift reaction is carried out to the chemical or biotechnological system.
- the synthesis gas generated in the reverse water-gas shift reaction is fed to the chemical or biotechnological plant via this at least one line.
- the system network thus comprises a total of at least five system parts, namely a reactor in which the methane pyrolysis takes place, a device in which the anodes are produced from the pyrolysis carbon, a system in the fused-salt electrolysis of the aluminum oxide takes place, a reactor in which the reverse water-gas shift reaction is carried out and a chemical or biotechnological plant in which chemical compounds or biotechnological products can be produced from the synthesis gas previously generated.
- the aforementioned system parts of the system group are advantageously combined with one another via lines and / or pipes and / or other suitable conveying or supply devices in such a way that the intermediate products produced in the individual system parts of the system group can be fed to the respective other system parts, in which the further implementation of the intermediates by the process according to the invention is seen before.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a schematically simplified system scheme of a system according to the invention for utilizing the carbon oxides obtained in the electrolytic production of aluminum.
- the plant network comprises a plant area in which a methane pyrolysis process is carried out, this plant area including a methane pyrolysis reactor 1 in which pyrolysis of methane or another hydrocarbon or natural gas is carried out.
- this sem pyrolysis reactor 1 is supplied with methane via a supply line 2 and energy is supplied to the reactor 1 via a device 5 in order to bring the methane to the temperature required for pyrolysis of, for example, more than 800 ° C.
- the Methanpyroly sereaktor 1 arise from the pyrolytic decomposition of hydrogen and pyrolysis carbon.
- the hydrogen is fed from reactor 1 via line 4 to a further reactor 13 in which a reverse water-gas shift reaction takes place, which will be explained in more detail later.
- the pyrolysis carbon generated in the reactor 1 is fed via a feed device 3 to a device 6 in which anodes for the smelting electrolysis are made from the pyrolysis carbon or a carbon mixture of the type mentioned above.
- the volatile hydrocarbons produced during the manufacture of the anode are returned to the methane pyrolysis reactor 1 via a line 19.
- This device 6 is fed via a further feed device 7, a binding agent, for example pitch and possibly other carbon sources such as calcined petroleum coke and the electrodes (anodes) produced in this way in the device 6 are then conveyed via a further feed device 8 from the device 6 to the system 9 in which the fused-salt electrolysis of aluminum oxide takes place.
- a binding agent for example pitch and possibly other carbon sources such as calcined petroleum coke
- the electrodes (anodes) produced in this way in the device 6 are then conveyed via a further feed device 8 from the device 6 to the system 9 in which the fused-salt electrolysis of aluminum oxide takes place.
- This system 9 is fed via various feed devices 10, which are shown here in simplified form only by a simple line, the further educts that are necessary for the melt flow electrolysis, namely on the one hand the aluminum oxide, cryolite, which is used to reduce the melting point of the melted Solids is used, as well as energy that is necessary to bring this mixture of solids to the melting temperature of the eutectic, which is usually around 950 ° C.
- aluminum is then produced as a product, which can be removed from the system via the removal device 11.
- the oxidation of the anode carbon in the system 9 creates a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in a ratio which depends on various parameters during the electrolysis of the aluminum oxide.
- This Gasge mixture is discharged via line 12 from the system 9 and fed to a reactor 13 for a reverse water gas shift reaction. A part of this gas mixture can alternatively be discharged from the plant 9 via the line 20 and fed to the methane pyrolysis reactor 1.
- the reactor reverse water gas shift reaction carried out in reactor 13, which proceeds according to reaction equation (3) given above, serves to lower the proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture and to increase the proportion of carbon monoxide in the gas mixture.
- hydrogen is supplied to the reactor 13 via the line 4, which reacts with the gas mixture from the system 9 for smelting electrolysis, the reactor 13 still being supplied with energy via the supply device 14 in order to bring the gas mixture to the correspondingly higher temperatures, how they are necessary to shift the equilibrium in the direction of the products carbon monoxide and water in the reverse water gas shift reaction according to reaction equation (3).
- a synthesis gas is generated in the reactor 13, which contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide and possibly a proportion of carbon dioxide and can then be discharged from the reactor 13 via the line 15 and fed to a chemical or biotechnological plant 16.
- this system 16 can be fed further hydrogen via the line 17 shown in dashed lines, which comes from the pyrolysis of methane 1, in order in this way, for example, to increase the hydrogen content of the gas mixture.
- a gas stream 15 is generated from the fused-salt electrolysis 9, which gas stream can be fed to a further use.
- the reactor 13 for the reverse water gas shift reaction can be omitted, so that the two gas streams 4 and 12 can be combined upstream of the chemical or biotechnological plant 16 and then fed to the plant via a line 15.
- the reactor 13 is omitted, it is also possible to feed hydrogen 4 and carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide 12 as separate gases to the system 16, so that the mixing of these gas streams does not in principle take place until the system 16. This variant is also covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20728761.6A EP3980582A1 (de) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Verfahren und anlage zur nutzung der bei der herstellung von aluminium anfallenden kohlenstoffoxide |
BR112021024492A BR112021024492A2 (pt) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Processo de utilização dos óxidos de carbono formados na produção de alumínio e instalação integrada |
CA3142493A CA3142493A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Method and system for using the carbon oxide arising in the production of aluminium |
US17/595,982 US20220235479A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Method and system for using the carbon oxide arising in the production of aluminium |
AU2020288317A AU2020288317A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Method and system for using the carbon oxide arising in the production of aluminium |
CN202080036928.9A CN114222833A (zh) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | 利用铝生产中产生的碳氧化物的方法和系统 |
ZA2022/00225A ZA202200225B (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2022-01-04 | Method and system for using the carbon oxide arising in the production of aluminium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP19178457 | 2019-06-05 | ||
EP19178457.8 | 2019-06-05 |
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WO2020245014A1 true WO2020245014A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
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PCT/EP2020/064777 WO2020245014A1 (de) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Verfahren und anlage zur nutzung der bei der herstellung von aluminium anfallenden kohlenstoffoxide |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20220235479A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3980582A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN114222833A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2020288317A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112021024492A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3142493A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020245014A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA202200225B (de) |
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WO2024177743A1 (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-08-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Methods and systems utilizing methane pyrolysis integrated with carbon dioxide conversion for producing low-carbon intensity fuels |
US20240337038A1 (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2024-10-10 | Twelve Benefit Corporation | Integrated systems employing carbon oxide electrolysis in aluminum production |
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US3284334A (en) | 1963-12-04 | 1966-11-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Molded carbon bodies |
JPS56163291A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-12-15 | Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Recovering method for combustible exhaust gas from aluminum electrolytic cell |
EP0635045B1 (de) | 1992-04-07 | 1996-02-14 | Kvaerner Engineering A/S | Herstellung von russ |
WO2014095661A1 (de) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur verwertung von kuppelgasen, begleitgasen und/oder biogasen |
DE102013102969A1 (de) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | Sunfire Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von vorwiegend flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie Anordnung |
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US3427240A (en) * | 1966-05-17 | 1969-02-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Carbonaceous compaction using high temperature fluid coke |
US5316565A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-05-31 | Kibby Robert M | Carbothermic reduction product gas treatment |
SG160406A1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2010-04-29 | Fuelcor Llc | Systems, methods, and compositions for production of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds |
GB0914500D0 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2009-09-30 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process |
CN105801354B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-08-10 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种将电解铝高温烟气中的二氧化碳转化为甲醇的装置及方法 |
DE102016219990B4 (de) * | 2016-10-13 | 2018-05-30 | Marek Fulde | Verfahren zur Abscheidung und Lagerung von Kohlendioxid und/oder Kohlenmonoxid aus einem Abgas |
-
2020
- 2020-05-28 CN CN202080036928.9A patent/CN114222833A/zh active Pending
- 2020-05-28 WO PCT/EP2020/064777 patent/WO2020245014A1/de unknown
- 2020-05-28 BR BR112021024492A patent/BR112021024492A2/pt unknown
- 2020-05-28 AU AU2020288317A patent/AU2020288317A1/en active Pending
- 2020-05-28 US US17/595,982 patent/US20220235479A1/en active Pending
- 2020-05-28 EP EP20728761.6A patent/EP3980582A1/de active Pending
- 2020-05-28 CA CA3142493A patent/CA3142493A1/en active Pending
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2022
- 2022-01-04 ZA ZA2022/00225A patent/ZA202200225B/en unknown
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US3284334A (en) | 1963-12-04 | 1966-11-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Molded carbon bodies |
JPS56163291A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1981-12-15 | Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Recovering method for combustible exhaust gas from aluminum electrolytic cell |
EP0635045B1 (de) | 1992-04-07 | 1996-02-14 | Kvaerner Engineering A/S | Herstellung von russ |
WO2014095661A1 (de) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur verwertung von kuppelgasen, begleitgasen und/oder biogasen |
DE102013102969A1 (de) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | Sunfire Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von vorwiegend flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie Anordnung |
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Title |
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AARHAUG ET AL.: "Aluminium Primary Production Off-Gas Composition and Emissions: An Overview", JOM, vol. 71, no. 9, 2019, XP036862703, DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03370-6 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3142493A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
US20220235479A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
EP3980582A1 (de) | 2022-04-13 |
AU2020288317A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
BR112021024492A2 (pt) | 2022-01-18 |
ZA202200225B (en) | 2023-12-20 |
CN114222833A (zh) | 2022-03-22 |
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