WO2020244524A1 - 一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020244524A1
WO2020244524A1 PCT/CN2020/094030 CN2020094030W WO2020244524A1 WO 2020244524 A1 WO2020244524 A1 WO 2020244524A1 CN 2020094030 W CN2020094030 W CN 2020094030W WO 2020244524 A1 WO2020244524 A1 WO 2020244524A1
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Prior art keywords
screw extruder
campus
oil
kitchen waste
water
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PCT/CN2020/094030
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩冰
李书航
徐阳
韩东苏
李恒
荆佳杰
葛园梦
高淑洁
孔李鹏
谢斌
陈轲
薛世蕊
黄玉安
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南京工程学院
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Publication of WO2020244524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020244524A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of campus kitchen waste disposal, and in particular to a campus kitchen waste comprehensive recycling device and its use method.
  • a comprehensive recycling device for school kitchen waste which consists of a rectangular material inlet, a screw extruder power device, a screw extruder, a right-angle steel pipe, a breaker, and a duckbill tube Orifice, solid conveyor belt, solar drying and sterilization device, mold or feed processing material storage device, a set of single cone double spiral mixing mixer, duckbill nozzle, ultrasonic device, polymer lipophilic hydrophobic composite board, numerical control valve, flocculant storage The device, a set of flocculation reaction tanks, a set of filtering and deodorizing devices, a set of storage tanks, a vacuum pump, a set of oil storage tanks, a set of single-cone double-screw mixing mixer inlets and soft brushes, the rectangular material
  • the inlet is connected with the feed port on the top of the screw extruder.
  • One side of the screw extruder is provided with a screw extruder power device, and the other side of the screw extruder is connected to the crusher through a right-angled steel pipe.
  • the bottom of the screw extruder is provided with a funnel, the bottom of the funnel is provided with a duckbill nozzle, the bottom of the crusher is provided with a duckbill nozzle with a soft brush, and one end of the solid conveyor belt is connected with a duck with a soft brush.
  • the bottom of the nozzle nozzle is connected, the other end of the solid conveyor belt is connected to the top of the inlet of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer, the solar drying and sterilizing device is installed on the solid conveyor, and the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer is above the inlet
  • a storage device for molds or feed processing substances is provided.
  • the feed inlet of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer is set on the top of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer, and the duckbill spout is connected with the oil-water separation device.
  • the oil-water separation device is a rectangular container,
  • the ultrasonic device is set on the periphery of the rectangular container and is directly connected to the rectangular container.
  • the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate is placed in the rectangular container obliquely, and the contact part of the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate is sealed and connected with the rectangular container; under the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate
  • the cavity is connected to the oil reservoir through an oil pipeline, and the inlet of the oil pipeline is provided with a vacuum pump; the cavity on the polymer lipophilic hydrophobic composite plate is connected to a set of water purification devices under the rectangular container through the water pipeline.
  • the pipeline is equipped with a numerical control valve
  • the water purification device is composed of a flocculation reaction tank and a storage tank
  • the top of the flocculation reaction tank is provided with a flocculant storage device
  • the bottom of the flocculation reaction tank is connected to the storage tank through a water storage pipeline
  • the middle of the water storage pipeline The location is equipped with filtering and deodorizing devices.
  • the solar drying and sterilizing device is composed of a solar concentrating heater and an electric heating jacket heating device to form a heating device, and the entire solar drying and sterilizing device covers the middle part of the solid conveyor belt.
  • the sterilization device is surrounded by an aluminum alloy shell, and both sides of the solar drying sterilization device are equipped with blowers to increase air circulation.
  • the filtering and deodorizing device is composed of a filtering device and a deodorizing device, and the filtering device is a continuous gradient density filter bed structure with sparse top and bottom density.
  • the medium adopts fibrous medium with a pore size of less than 5 microns, and the filter device is connected to a deodorizing device containing activated carbon through a pipe.
  • the particle size of the activated carbon is less than 0.5 mm.
  • the structure of the continuous gradient density filter bed with sparse top and dense bottom is the filter device A layer of filter medium is set every 500mm at the inlet to a layer of filter medium every 10mm at the outlet of the filter device, and the interval between the inlet and the outlet of the filter medium decreases continuously.
  • a method of using a comprehensive recycling device for campus kitchen waste is:
  • the first step First, the campus kitchen waste is centralized and uniformly pretreated and transported to the campus kitchen waste treatment system. The swill is poured into the screw extruder through the rectangular material inlet, and the screw extruder power device is turned on for solidification. Liquid separation, when the material starts to enter the screw extruder, first close the screw extruder outlet, and then open the screw when the material in the screw extruder accumulates to 1/3 of the total volume of the internal space of the screw extruder Export of the extruder;
  • the second step the solids separated from the screw extruder are passed through the right-angle steel pipe into the crusher for crushing treatment to obtain solid slag, which flows out of the duckbill nozzle with a soft brush , Through the solid conveyor belt into the solar drying and sterilization device for drying and sterilization, and finally through the conveyor belt to the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer inlet, put it into the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer for processing, and at the same time open the mold or feed processing material Storage device, add mold or feed processing material into the single cone double spiral mixing mixer for mixing and feed processing, and finally get the feed;
  • the third step The liquid extruded from the screw extruder is collected through the funnel at the bottom of the screw extruder, and then flows into the rectangular container evenly through the duckbill nozzle at the bottom of the funnel.
  • the ultrasonic device On the surface of the hydrophobic composite plate, the ultrasonic device is turned on at the same time to generate ultrasonic waves through the ultrasonic device, and the liquid is used to further separate oil and water.
  • the vacuum pump acts on the surface of the lipophilic and hydrophobic plate. A vacuum is generated below to generate a pressure difference between the two sides of the lipophilic hydrophobic plate, thereby obtaining separated oil, and the liquid phase is divided into two phases: oil and water;
  • the fourth step the oil phase is collected and enters the oil storage tank.
  • the oil storage tank reaches 2/3 of the volume, replace the empty oil storage tank, and add methane gas from the inlet to the raw material for biodiesel after sealing treatment.
  • the water phase Flow into the flocculation reaction tank through the numerical control valve on the water pipeline, open the flocculant storage device and add the flocculant for sedimentation treatment, adsorb and condense the macromolecular substances in the water phase, and then filter and deodorize through the filter and deodorizing device , The final non-potable municipal water is stored in a storage tank.
  • the water purification device is equipped with a total of three sets of rotation equipment for alternate processing.
  • the rotation is controlled by an automatic device, and the filter residue can be processed at the same time.
  • the automation device is composed of a quality sensor and an automatic switch, the quality sensor is installed at the entrance of the flocculation reaction tank, the automatic switch is directly connected with the rotation equipment, and the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable.
  • the single-cone double-screw mixing and agitator equipment is equipped with a total of three sets of rotation equipment.
  • the automatic The device controls the rotation, and performs mixing and feed processing at the same time.
  • the automation device is composed of a quality sensor and an automatic switch.
  • the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable.
  • the automatic switch is directly connected with the rotation equipment.
  • the quality sensor is installed At the bottom of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer.
  • the oil storage tank equipment is equipped with a total of two sets of rotation equipment, when the volume of the oil storage tank reaches 2/3, the rotation is controlled by an automation device, and the automation device consists of a quality sensor and It is composed of an automatic switch, wherein the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable, the automatic switch is directly connected with the rotation device, and the quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the oil storage tank.
  • the ultrasonic device starts working when the duckbill spout sprays liquid
  • the vacuum pump starts working before the duckbill spout sprays the liquid
  • the campus kitchen waste comprehensive recycling system device is all controlled by digital instruments and detects information.
  • the digital instruments are composed of a set of sensors and display devices, and the sensors are installed in each device.
  • the display device is installed outside the entire system, and the sensor and the display device are connected by a cable.
  • the campus kitchen waste comprehensive recycling device is installed in a closed factory building, and solar panels and concentrating panels are laid on the top of the factory.
  • the solar panels and concentrating panels are laid alternately in a mesh pattern.
  • the system energy is supplied by solar energy and electric energy.
  • One part of the solar energy is used as a solar drying and sterilizing device, and the other part is used as a conversion electric energy supply equipment energy.
  • the solar panels and concentrators set on the top of the factory are controlled by light source sensors. The light source sensor will automatically correct the direction of the solar panel and the concentrating plate according to the angle of sunlight at different times.
  • the swill oil in the swill can be separated and rough-processed into biological crude oil, which can be transported to off-campus factories to prepare biodiesel; Solid substances such as starch, cellulose, protein and inorganic salts can be processed into high-quality feed through feed treatment, and then transported to the feeding farm to be used as feed; the water in the swill can be purified and used as non-drinkable municipal water Reuse; 3.
  • the device used in this system is designed and constructed, all energy supply comes from the electric energy produced by the conversion of solar energy from solar cells and external electric energy.
  • the input of this system is campus kitchen waste, and the output includes feed, biodiesel raw materials and non-drinkable municipal water.
  • the entire campus kitchen waste treatment system can be operated uninterruptedly.
  • the swill is poured into the system from the empty material, the system will start to operate. There will be gaps, and the purpose of automatic cleaning and purification of the system can also be achieved through equipment control.
  • the produced feed, biodiesel raw materials and non-potable municipal water can be used directly; 5.
  • the present invention designs a complete processing chain from raw swill to products that can be used directly.
  • the equipment incorporates environmental protection concepts into scientific and technological elements to maximize the use value of swill with as little loss as possible. Solar energy is used as the original energy source, and photoelectric conversion is used to provide energy for the operation of the equipment, which is green and environmentally friendly.
  • the swill can effectively separate solid and liquid after entering the screw extruder to produce relatively dry solids, and the surrounding cavity can effectively collect the liquid phase in the swill, the ultrasonic instrument It can effectively separate the oil and water that are mixed together. After passing through the surface of the lipophilic and hydrophobic material, the oil and water are separated due to the pressure difference generated by the vacuum pump. When pooling, the residual oil is filtered and cleaned. After the crusher is processed, it is effectively removed from the crusher through the rotation of the impeller. At the liquid phase outlet of the screw extruder, the liquid is evenly dispersed and discharged through the method of increasing the duckbill nozzle. The surface of the material flows down slowly by gravity.
  • the solid crushed material can be evenly dispersed and spread on the conveyor belt through the duckbill nozzle.
  • the conveyor belt can be dried, sterilized and dried at the same time during the movement.
  • the crusher In the dehydration process, the crusher can achieve uninterrupted continuous operation during the process of crushing solids. The entire system is in a closed space, and the gas generated by the reaction is discharged after treatment and processing, and noise pollution can also be avoided.
  • Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the rectangular material entrance in the comprehensive recycling device for campus kitchen waste.
  • Figure 2 Side view A and top view B of the duckbill spout in the comprehensive recycling device for campus kitchen waste in this application.
  • Figure 3 Side view A and front view B of the duckbill nozzle in the comprehensive recycling and utilization device of campus kitchen waste for this application.
  • Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the application for a comprehensive recycling device for school kitchen waste.
  • the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the screw extruder adopts Jiegan 0
  • the breaker adopts Bronte PBC
  • the solid conveyor belt adopts Dexin complete
  • the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer adopts the DSH series of dry pine
  • the sound device adopts Reiz ultrasonic
  • polymer pro The oil-hydrophobic composite board adopts interpenetrating network-type porous polymer with adjustable surface performance
  • the filter equipment adopts Haicheng SHEW
  • the solar panel adopts Hengri Dongxu DXM6-72P
  • the quality sensor adopts Tuke Electric TA18-8NA
  • light source adopts the Huaqiang electronic solar power automatic light source tracking system
  • the digital instrument is provided and designed by NI.
  • a comprehensive recycling device for school kitchen waste consists of a rectangular material inlet 1, a screw extruder power unit 2, a screw extruder 3, a right-angle steel pipe 4, and a crusher 5.
  • the conical double-screw mixing mixer is composed of a feed port 21 and a soft brush 22.
  • the rectangular material inlet 1 is connected to the feed port on the top of the screw extruder 3, and one side of the screw extruder 3 is provided with a screw extruder.
  • Mechanical power unit 2 the other side of the screw extruder 3 is connected to the breaker 5 through a right-angle steel pipe 4, the bottom of the screw extruder 3 is provided with a funnel, and the bottom of the funnel is provided with a duckbill nozzle 11, The bottom of the crusher 5 is provided with a duckbill nozzle 6 with a soft brush 22.
  • One end of the solid conveyor belt 7 is connected to the bottom of the duckbill nozzle 6 with a soft brush 22, and the other end of the solid conveyor belt 7 is connected to the single
  • the top of the inlet 21 of the cone double helix mixer is connected, the solar drying and sterilization device 8 is arranged on the solid conveyor 7, and the upper part of the inlet 21 of the single cone double helix mixer is equipped with a mold or feed processing material storage device 9.
  • the feed inlet 21 of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer is set on the top of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10, the quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10, and the duckbill nozzle 11 is connected with the oil-water separation device,
  • the oil-water separation device is a rectangular container.
  • the ultrasonic device 12 is arranged on the periphery of the rectangular container and is directly connected to the rectangular container.
  • the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate 13 is placed diagonally in the rectangular container, and the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate 13 is in contact with the rectangular container.
  • the parts are sealed and connected; the lower cavity of the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate 13 is connected to the oil reservoir 20 through an oil pipeline, a vacuum pump 19 is provided at the inlet of the oil pipeline, and the quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the oil reservoir 20;
  • the upper cavity of the lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate 13 is connected to a set of water purifying devices under the rectangular container through a water delivery pipeline.
  • the water delivery pipeline is provided with a numerical control valve 14 which consists of a flocculation reaction tank 16 and a storage tank 18
  • the top of the flocculation reaction tank 16 is provided with a flocculant storage device 15, and the bottom of the flocculation reaction tank 16 is connected to a storage tank 18 through a water storage pipeline.
  • the middle of the water storage pipeline is provided with a filtering and deodorizing device 17, and the quality sensor is installed At the bottom of the flocculation reaction tank 16.
  • the solar drying and sterilizing device 8 is composed of a solar concentrating heater and an electric heating device to form a heating device.
  • the entire solar drying and sterilizing device 8 covers the middle part of the solid conveyor belt 7, and the solar drying and sterilizing device 8 is made of an aluminum alloy shell Surrounded, there are blowers on both sides of the solar drying and sterilization device 8 to increase air circulation;
  • the filtering and deodorizing device 17 is composed of a filtering device and a deodorizing device, and the filtering device is a continuous gradient density filter bed structure with sparse top and dense bottom
  • the filter medium of the filter bed structure adopts a fibrous medium with a pore size of less than 5 microns, and the filter device is connected to a deodorizing device containing activated carbon through a pipeline.
  • the particle size of the activated carbon is less than 5 microns, and the upper is sparse and the lower is dense.
  • the structure of the gradient density filter bed is that a layer of filter medium is set every 500 mm at the inlet of the filter device to a layer of filter medium every 10 mm at the outlet of the filter device, and the interval between the inlet and the outlet of the filter medium decreases continuously; the system energy is composed of solar energy and Coordinated supply of electric energy, of which part of the solar energy is used as the solar drying and sterilizing device 8, and the other part is used to transform the energy of the electric energy supply equipment.
  • a method of using a comprehensive recycling device for campus kitchen waste is:
  • the first step First, the campus kitchen waste is centralized and uniformly pretreated and transported to the campus kitchen waste treatment system, and the swill is poured into the screw extruder 3 through the rectangular material inlet 1, and the screw extruder power device is turned on 2 Provide power to the screw.
  • the screw extruder power device is turned on 2 Provide power to the screw.
  • the screw extruder 3 can effectively separate the swill to produce a relatively dry solid, and can effectively collect the liquid in the swill, and the swill material Under the action of the taper screw shaft and the variable diameter screw, the material is compressed in volume, so that the oil and water in the material are quickly separated through the filter hole; and the solid material is conveyed by the screw under the action of continuous compression , Was sent to 4 right-angle steel pipes at the end of the screw extruder;
  • the second step the solids separated from the screw extruder 3 are broken by the action of the screw in the screw extruder 3 through the right-angle steel pipe 4 and the solids fall into the 5 crusher for crushing.
  • the crusher 5 can effectively crush the solid components of the swill.
  • the high-speed rotating blade crushes the solids. Due to the high-speed centrifugal action of the crusher, the solid residue falling from the top of the crusher is crushed and dropped to the bottom. Throw it to the duckbill nozzle 6 with the soft brush 22, and the duckbill nozzle 6 and the soft brush 22 will be evenly spread on the solid conveyor belt 7 for transfer.
  • the 400-500 degrees high temperature generated by the device can achieve drying, sterilization and dehydration treatments.
  • the solid dry matter is the same as mold or feed.
  • the molds or feed processing materials in the processing material storage device 9 are mixed together from the inlet 21 of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer into the mixer.
  • the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10 is equipped with three sets of rotation equipment. The information transmission of the quality sensor, when the solid matter in the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10 reaches the maximum workload that the mixer can work normally, the rotation is controlled by the automatic device, and the mixing and feed processing work are carried out at the same time.
  • the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable, and the automatic switch is directly connected with the rotation device.
  • the quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10, and is installed in the single-cone double-screw mixing mixer 10
  • the screw mixer 10 carries out sufficient mixing and feed processing to form feed and transport it to the off-campus feeding farm for processing;
  • the third step the liquid extruded from the screw extruder 3 is collected by the funnel at the bottom of the screw extruder 3, and then evenly flows into the height of the rectangular container through the duckbill nozzle 11 provided at the bottom of the funnel.
  • the surface of the molecular lipophilic hydrophobic composite plate 13 is inclined and flows slowly; when the duckbill nozzle is opened, the ultrasonic device 12 is turned on, and ultrasonic waves are generated by the ultrasonic device 12, and the molecules that bind oil and water are separated by ultrasonic waves to achieve a real oil-water separation effect;
  • the vacuum pump 19 When flowing through the surface of the polymer lipophilic and hydrophobic composite plate 13, the vacuum pump 19 generates a vacuum under the lipophilic and hydrophobic plate, causing a pressure difference between the two sides of the lipophilic and hydrophobic plate to obtain separated oil.
  • the duckbill nozzle 11 starts to work before spraying the liquid.
  • the liquid phase is divided into two phases: oil and water to separate the two phases of oil and water.
  • the oil phase is collected into the oil storage tank 20.
  • the oil storage tank 20 is equipped with a total of equipment Two sets of rotation equipment, when the amount of the oil storage tank 20 reaches 2/3, the rotation is controlled by an automation device.
  • the automation device is composed of a quality sensor and an automatic switch.
  • the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable.
  • the quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the oil storage tank 20, and the raw material that becomes biodiesel is transported out of the campus after adding methane and other gas from the inlet to the sealing treatment; the water phase flows into the flocculation through the numerical control valve 14 on the water pipeline In the reaction tank 16, the numerical control valve switch is adjusted by the quality sensor.
  • the numerical control valve 14 is closed, and the rotation is controlled by the automatic device. At the same time, the filter residue can be processed.
  • the automatic device consists of the quality sensor and Composed of an automatic switch, the quality sensor is installed at the entrance of the flocculation reaction tank 16, the automatic switch is directly connected to the rotation equipment, the quality sensor and the automatic switch are connected by a cable, replacing another water purification device, and the water phase flows into the flocculation reaction tank After 16, open the flocculant storage device 15 to add the flocculant for sedimentation treatment, to adsorb and condense the macromolecular substances in the water phase to form a solid precipitate at the bottom, and then filter and deodorize through the filter and deodorizing device 17, and finally Obtained non-drinkable municipal water is stored in the reservoir 18; the campus kitchen waste comprehensive recycling system device is all controlled by digital instruments and detects information.
  • the digital instruments are composed of a set of sensors and display devices, and the sensors are installed in each At the entrance of the device and in the center of the pipeline, the display device is installed outside the entire system, the sensor and the display device are connected by cables, the campus kitchen waste comprehensive recycling device is installed in a closed plant, and the top of the plant is covered with solar panels and concentrating panels
  • the solar panels and the concentrating panels are laid alternately in a net shape, and the system energy is supplied by solar energy and electric energy. Part of the solar energy is used as the solar drying and sterilizing device 8, and the other part is used as the energy source of the conversion electric energy supply equipment.
  • the solar panels and concentrators set on the top of the workshop are controlled by light source sensors, which will automatically correct the solar panels and concentrators according to the angle of sunlight at different times. to.
  • Efficient and environmentally friendly treatment of campus kitchen waste is used to treat the swill produced in the campus cafeteria, so as to achieve the purpose of efficient and environmentally friendly recycling and reuse of campus kitchen waste; it can efficiently treat the swill in the campus to achieve National transportation requirements.
  • continuous operations can be carried out to make the potentially valuable substances in the swill give full play to their effects.
  • the swill oil in the swill can be separated and rough-processed into biological crude oil, which can be transported to off-campus factories to prepare biodiesel; Solid substances such as starch, cellulose, protein and inorganic salts can be processed into high-quality feed through feed treatment, and then transported to the feeding farm to be used as feed; the water in the swill can be purified and used as non-drinkable municipal water Reuse; After the device used in this system is designed and constructed, all energy supply comes from the electric energy produced by the conversion of solar energy from solar cells and external electric energy.
  • the input of this system is campus kitchen waste, and the output includes feed, biodiesel raw materials and non-drinkable municipal water.
  • the time can be reduced by more than half; in the subsequent treatment, the swill solid phase waste is broken , Drying, mold fermentation, conversion into animal feed that can be used directly, the whole process is in place in one step; the liquid phase wastewater adopts the most common flocculation sedimentation technology, after purification, it can be recycled as non-drinking water, realizing the real environment Friendly; the swill can effectively separate solid and liquid after entering the screw extruder to produce a relatively dry solid, and the surrounding cavity can effectively collect the liquid phase in the swill, the ultrasonic instrument can The mixed oil and water perform efficient separation. After passing through the surface of the lipophilic and hydrophobic material, the oil and water are separated due to the pressure difference generated by the vacuum pump.
  • the residual oil is filtered and the solid is broken. After the machine is processed, it is effectively removed from the breaker through the rotation of the impeller.
  • the liquid phase outlet of the screw extruder the liquid is uniformly dispersed and flowed out by increasing the duckbill nozzle, and then passes through the surface of the lipophilic and hydrophobic material. Slowly flow down by gravity.
  • the solid crushed material can be evenly dispersed and spread on the conveyor belt through the duckbill nozzle.
  • the conveyor belt can be dried, sterilized and dehydrated at the same time during the movement. .
  • the crusher can achieve uninterrupted continuous operation. The entire system is in a closed space, and the gas generated by the reaction is discharged after treatment and processing, and noise pollution can also be avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Abstract

一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用的装置及其使用方法，由长方形物料入口（1）、螺旋式挤压机动力装置（2）、螺旋式挤压机（3）、直角钢管（4）、打碎机（5）、鸭嘴管口（6）、固体传送带（7）、太阳能烘干杀菌装置（8）、霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置（9）、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机（10）、鸭嘴喷口（11）、超声装置（12）、高分子亲油疏水复合板（13）、数控阀门（14）、絮凝剂储存装置（15）、一组絮凝反应池（16）、过滤和除异味装置（17）、储水池（18）、真空泵（19）、蓄油池（20）、单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口（21）和软毛刷（22）组成；对于泔水固相废料经打碎，烘干，霉菌发酵后可转化为直接使用的动物饲料，液相废水则采用最普遍的絮凝沉淀技术，净化之后可作非饮用水循环使用，能够有效地对泔水进行分类和高效处理。

Description

一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法 技术领域
本申请涉及校园餐厨垃圾处理领域，尤其涉及一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法。
背景技术
伴随着我国经济实力的发展，对环境问题越发重视，以前泔水喂猪的现象已经一去不复返，大学生是一个庞大的群体，由于泔水不能直接出校园的规定，造成了大量的食堂泔水剩余而无法处理，这种情况下就要求我们对于食堂泔水的处理在技术上有一定的创新以及突破，保证泔水的处理不浪费，不污染，能够及时的与大学餐饮的发展相匹配。
泔水油中存在大量黄曲霉素和苯并芘等有害物质，其中还有很多细菌真菌等微生物，会引起人们腹痛腹泻，严重的可以导致食物中毒或癌症等情况的发生。但是如果泔水油经过加工处理，可以回收利用用于生产生物柴油，被人类二次利用且不会产生二次污染。
目前我国在处理泔水这一块仍存在技术问题，现在常用的处理办法有填埋处理法、焚烧处理法、厌氧发酵处理方法、饲料和肥料化方法和生化处理技术。这些技术有些会对环境造成巨大的危害，会产生一些有毒有害物质。并且有些技术并不完善，可能带来巨大的资源浪费或增加处理成本。而且一些处理方法需要很长的周期，占地面积也较大也可能带来二次污染。现阶段我国所存在的泔水处理设备普遍存在不能大规模使用或不适用于校园环境等缺点，而且设备耗能大，并且可能会产生二次污染，不能有效达到环保的要求。
在国外，一些规模较大的餐饮企业都有垃圾粉碎机和油脂脱离设备，粉碎后的垃圾进入油脂脱离设备里进行处理，处理后的碎料冲进了下水道，脱离出来的油脂则被单独保持起来。这些油脂会有专门的公司定期收集，它们都被送到制皂厂或是相关企业当原料使用了。而对于一些规模较小的餐饮企业，则是会选择泔水养家畜的处理方法。根据中国污水处理工程网公布，美国普遍是通过从源头控制或减少用量、采取食物捐赠机制、泔水养家畜和工业填埋或焚烧的方法处理泔水。超过90％的美国家庭是用粉碎机，将泔水垃圾粉碎后直接通过下水道排放。
申请内容
解决的技术问题：
本申请需要解决的技术问题是现有技术中校园餐厨垃圾不能通过罐车直接运输至校外进行处理，并且如果请校外人员来校进行泔水处理，不仅需要巨大资金，而且会造成环境的污染和泔水中一些有价值的物质的浪费等技术问题，提出一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法。
技术方案：
一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置，所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置由长方形物料入口、螺旋式挤压机动力装置、螺旋式挤压机、直角钢管、打碎机、鸭嘴管口、固体传送带、太阳能烘干杀菌装置、霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机、鸭嘴喷口、超声装置、高分子亲油疏水复合板、数控阀门、絮凝剂储存装置、一组絮凝反应池、一组过滤和除异味装置、一组储水池、真空泵、一组蓄油池、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口和软毛刷组成，所述长方形物料入口与螺旋式挤压机顶部的进料口相连，螺旋式挤压机一侧设有螺旋式挤压机动力装置，所述螺旋式挤压机另一侧通过直角钢管与打碎机相连，螺旋式挤压机底部设有漏斗，漏斗底部设有鸭嘴喷口，所述打碎机底部设有带有软毛刷的鸭嘴管口，所述固体传送带一端与带有软毛刷的鸭嘴管口的底部相连，固体传送带的另一端与单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口顶部相连，所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置设在固体传送带上，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口上方设有霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口设在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机顶部，鸭嘴喷口与油水分离装置相连，所述油水分离装置是矩形容器，超声装置设在矩形容器外围与矩形容器直接相连，高分子亲油疏水复合板斜放在矩形容器内，高分子亲油疏水复合板与矩形容器接触部位密封连接；高分子亲油疏水复合板下空腔通过输油管道连接蓄油池，所述输油管道的进口处设有真空泵；高分子亲油疏水复合板上空腔通过输水管道与矩形容器下方的一组净水装置相连，所述输水管道上设有数控阀门，所述净水装置由絮凝反应池和储水池组成，絮凝反应池顶部设有絮凝剂储存装置，絮凝反应池底部通过储水管道连接储水池，所述储水管道中间位置设有过滤和除异味装置。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置由太阳能聚光加热器和电热套加热装置共同构成发热装置，整个太阳能烘干杀菌装置覆盖固体传送带中间部分，所述太 阳能烘干杀菌装置由铝合金外壳包围，太阳能烘干杀菌装置两侧设有鼓风机增加空气流通。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述过滤和除异味装置由过滤装置和除异味装置构成，所述过滤装置为上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构，所述滤床结构的过滤介质采用孔径小于5微米的纤维介质，过滤装置再通过管道与存有活性炭的除异味装置相连，所述活性炭粒径小于0.5毫米，所述上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构为过滤装置进口处每500mm设置一层过滤介质到过滤装置出口处每10mm设置一层过滤介质，进口处到出口处中间过滤介质间隔连续梯度递减。
一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法为：
第一步：首先将校园餐厨垃圾集中统一预处理并运输至校园餐厨垃圾处理系统处，把泔水通过长方形物料入口倒入螺旋式挤压机中，打开螺旋式挤压机动力装置进行固液分离，当物料开始进入螺旋式挤压机时先关闭螺旋式挤压机出口，待螺旋式挤压机中物料积累到螺旋式挤压机内部空间总容量1/3处时，再打开螺旋式挤压机的出口；
第二步：从螺旋式挤压机中分离出的固体物，通过直角钢管进入打碎机中进行打碎处理，得到固体碎渣，固体碎渣从带有软毛刷的鸭嘴管口流出，通过固体传送带进入太阳能烘干杀菌装置中进行烘干和杀菌处理，最后通过传送带传输到单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口中，投入单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机处理，同时打开霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置，在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机中加入霉菌或饲料化处理物质，进行搅拌和饲料化处理，最终得到饲料；
第三步：从螺旋式挤压机中挤压出的液体物，通过螺旋式挤压机底部的漏斗汇集，再通过漏斗底部设有的鸭嘴喷口均匀的流入到矩形容器的高分子亲油疏水复合板表面，同时打开超声装置通过超声装置产生超声波，利用超声波对液体进行更进一步的油水分离，在流经高分子亲油疏水复合板表面时，经真空泵的作用，在亲油疏水板的下方产生真空，使亲油疏水板两侧产生压强差，从而得到分离油，液体相分成油、水两相；
第四步：油相经过汇集进入蓄油池中，当蓄油池达到2/3的量之后，更换空的蓄油池，并从入口加入甲烷气体密封处理后成为生物柴油的原材料，水相通过输水管道上的数控阀门流入絮凝反应池中，打开絮凝剂储存装置加入絮凝剂进行沉降处理，对水相中的大分子物质进行吸附和凝结，再通过过滤和除异味装置过滤和除异味，最终的得到非饮用市政用水储存在储水池中。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述净水装置一共设有三套轮换设备交替进行处理，当絮凝反应池中的水装满后，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时可进行滤渣处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，所述质量传感器安装在絮凝反应池入口处，所述自动 开关与轮换设备直接相连，质量传感器和自动开关由电缆线连接。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机设备一共设有三套轮换设备，当单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机中的固体物达到搅拌机所能正常工作的最大量时，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时进行搅拌和饲料化处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机底部。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述蓄油池设备一共设有两套轮换设备，当蓄油池的量达到2/3时，由自动化装置控制轮换，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在蓄油池底部。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述超声装置在鸭嘴喷口将液体喷出时开始作业，所述真空泵在鸭嘴喷口将液体喷出前开始工作。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用系统装置全部由数字仪器控制并检测信息，所述数字仪器由一组传感器和显示装置组成，其中传感器安装在各个装置的入口处和管道中央，显示装置安装在整个系统的外部，所述传感器和显示装置由电缆连接。
作为本申请的一种优选技术方案：所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置安装于密闭厂房内，厂房顶部铺设太阳能电池板和聚光板，所述太阳能电池板和聚光板网状交替铺设，所述系统能源由太阳能和电能协同供给，其中太阳能一部分用作太阳能烘干杀菌装置，另一部分则用作转化电能供给设备能源，所述设置在厂房顶部的太阳能电池板和聚光板由光源传感器控制，所述光源传感器会根据不同时间的太阳光照射角度，自动校正太阳能电池板和聚光板的方向。
有益效果：
本申请所述一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置及其使用方法采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：1、校园餐厨垃圾的高效环保的处理，用于对校园食堂产生的泔水进行处理，以此达到校园餐厨垃圾的高效环保回收和再利用的目的；2、可以高效的对校园内的泔水进行处理，达到国家运输的要求。并且可进行连续性作业，使泔水中的有潜在价值的物质充分发挥其作用，如：泔水中的泔水油可以经过分离和粗加工处理成生物原油，运输至校外工厂制备生物柴油；泔水中的固体物质如淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质和无机盐可以通过 饲料化处理，加工成精品饲料，运输至饲养场当作饲料被利用；泔水中的水可以经过净化处理后，作为非饮用的市政用水被再利用；3、本系统所用的装置设计并建设出来以后，所有能源供给来源于太阳能电池转化太阳能所产生的电能和外部电能。并且本系统输入的是校园餐厨垃圾，输出的物质包括饲料、生物柴油原料和非饮用的市政用水。没有产生对周围环境污染和二次污染的物质或有毒物质；4、整个校园餐厨垃圾处理系统，可以不间断的运行，当泔水从系统入料空倒入是，系统便开始运行，期间不会存在间隙，通过设备控制也可达到系统自动清洗和净化的目的。产生的饲料、生物柴油原料和非饮用市政用水可以直接利用；5、本发明设计一款从原始泔水到可供直接使用的产物的完整处理链。该设备在科技元素中融入环保理念，以尽可能小的损耗将泔水的利用价值最大化。以太阳能作原始能源，通过光电转换来为设备的运行提供能源，绿色环保；突破传统的滚筒式离心脱水法，采用旋转挤压实现固液分离，高效节能；此外，该设备引入了一种特殊的新型油水分离材料作为滤板，通过减压抽滤实现油水的快速分离，整个过程快速高效，相对于传统的化学分离，时间可减少一半以上；在后续处理中，泔水固相废料经过打碎，烘干，霉菌发酵，转化为可直接使用的动物饲料，整个过程一步到位；液相废水则采用最普遍的絮凝沉淀技术，净化之后可作非饮用水循环使用，实现了真正意义上的环境友好；6、所述泔水在进入螺旋式挤压机后能有效进行固液分离，产生较为干燥的固体物，且周围的空腔能够有效的对泔水中的液相进行收集，所述超声仪器能对混合在一起的油和水进行高效的分离作用，后经过亲油疏水材料表面时，由于真空泵所产生的压强差使油和水进行分离，汇集时使残油被抽滤干净，固体在经打碎机处理后通过叶轮的旋转，有效的被移出打碎机，在螺旋式挤压机液相流出口，通过增加鸭嘴喷口的方法，使液体均匀的分散的流出，后经亲油疏水材料表面由重力作用缓慢流下，在打碎机的下方出口，可以通过鸭嘴管口，使固体打碎物均匀分散的平铺在传送带上，传送带在运动过程中即可同时进行干燥、杀菌和脱水处理，固体物在被打碎过程中，打碎机可以达到不间断的持续作业，整个系统在密闭空间内，反应产生的气体经处理加工合格排放，且也可避免噪声污染。
附图说明
图1：为本申请校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置中长方形物料入口的结构示意图。
图2：为本申请校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置中鸭嘴喷口的侧视图图A和俯视图图B。
图3：为本申请校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置中鸭嘴管口的侧视图图A和主视图图B。
图4：为本申请校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1、长方形物料入口，2、螺旋式挤压机动力装置，3、螺旋式挤压机，4、直角钢管，5、打碎机，6、鸭嘴管口，7、固体传送带，8、太阳能烘干杀菌装置，9、霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置，10、单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机，11、鸭嘴喷口，12、超声装置，13、高分子亲油疏水复合板，14、数控阀门，15、絮凝剂储存装置，16、絮凝反应池，17、过滤和除异味装置，18、储水池，19、真空泵，20、蓄油池，21、单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口，22、软毛刷。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步说明本申请的内容，但不应理解为对本申请的限制。在不背离本申请精神和实质的情况下，对本申请方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换，均属于本申请的范围。
若未特别指明，实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。本申请中螺旋式挤压机采用捷干0，打碎机采用博朗特PBC，固体传送带采用德鑫齐全，单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机采用客松干燥DSH系列，声装置采用锐志超声，高分子亲油疏水复合板采用互穿网络型可调控表面性能的多孔聚合物，过滤设备采用海承SHEW，太能能电池板采用恒日东旭DXM6-72P，质量传感器采用图克电器TA18-8NA，光源传感器采用华强电子太阳发电自动光源跟踪系统，数字仪器采用NI提供和设计。
实施例：
如图1-4所示，一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置，由长方形物料入口1、螺旋式挤压机动力装置2、螺旋式挤压机3、直角钢管4、打碎机5、鸭嘴管口6、固体传送带7、太阳能烘干杀菌装置8、霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置9、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10、鸭嘴喷口11、超声装置12、高分子亲油疏水复合板13、数控阀门14、絮凝剂储存装置15、一组絮凝反应池16、一组过滤和除异味装置17、一组储水池18、真空泵19、一组蓄油池20、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口21和软毛刷22组成，所述长方形物料入口1与螺旋式挤压机3顶部的进料口相连，螺旋式挤压机3一侧设有螺旋式挤压机动力装置2，所述螺旋式挤压机3另一侧通过直角钢管4与打碎机5相连，螺旋式挤压机3底部设有漏斗，漏斗底部设有鸭嘴喷口11，所述打碎机5底部设有带有软毛刷22的鸭嘴管口6，所述固体传送带7一端与带有软毛刷22的鸭嘴管口6的底部相连，固体传送带7的另一端与单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口21顶部相连，所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置8设在固体传送带7上，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口21上方设有霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置9，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入 料口21设在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10顶部，所述质量传感器安装在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10底部，鸭嘴喷口11与油水分离装置相连，所述油水分离装置是矩形容器，超声装置12设在矩形容器外围与矩形容器直接相连，高分子亲油疏水复合板13斜放在矩形容器内，高分子亲油疏水复合板13与矩形容器接触部位密封连接；高分子亲油疏水复合板13下空腔通过输油管道连接蓄油池20，所述输油管道的进口处设有真空泵19，所述质量传感器安装在蓄油池20底部；高分子亲油疏水复合板13上空腔通过输水管道与矩形容器下方的一组净水装置相连，所述输水管道上设有数控阀门14，所述净水装置由絮凝反应池16和储水池18组成，絮凝反应池16顶部设有絮凝剂储存装置15，絮凝反应池16底部通过储水管道连接储水池18，所述储水管道中间位置设有过滤和除异味装置17，所述质量传感器安装在絮凝反应池16底部。
所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置8由太阳能聚光加热器和电热套加热装置共同构成发热装置，整个太阳能烘干杀菌装置8覆盖固体传送带7中间部分，所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置8由铝合金外壳包围，太阳能烘干杀菌装置8两侧设有鼓风机增加空气流通；所述过滤和除异味装置17由过滤装置和除异味装置构成，所述过滤装置为上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构，所述滤床结构的过滤介质采用孔径小于5微米的纤维介质，过滤装置再通过管道与存有活性炭的除异味装置相连，所述活性炭粒径小于5微米，所述上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构为过滤装置进口处每500mm设置一层过滤介质到过滤装置出口处每10mm设置一层过滤介质，进口处到出口处中间过滤介质间隔连续梯度递减；所述系统能源由太阳能和电能协同供给，其中太阳能一部分用作太阳能烘干杀菌装置8，另一部分则用作转化电能供给设备能源。
一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法为：
第一步：首先将校园餐厨垃圾集中统一预处理并运输至校园餐厨垃圾处理系统处，把泔水通过长方形物料入口1倒入螺旋式挤压机3中，打开螺旋式挤压机动力装置2给螺杆提供动力，当物料开始进入螺旋式挤压机3时先关闭螺旋式挤压机3出口，待螺旋式挤压机3中物料积累到螺旋式挤压机3内部空间总容量1/3处时，再打开螺旋式挤压机3的出口，螺旋式挤压机3可以对泔水进行有效的分离，产生较为干燥的固体物，且能有效地对泔水中的液体进行收集，泔水物质在锥度螺旋轴和变径螺旋的作用下，使物料产生体积上的压缩，从而使物料中的油和水通滤孔迅速被分离出去；而固体物在不断压缩的作用下由于螺旋的输送作用，被送至螺旋式挤压机末端的直角钢管4处；
第二步：从螺旋式挤压机3中分离出的固体物，由螺旋式挤压机3中螺旋的作用通过直 角钢管4使固体物掉落到5打碎机中进行打碎处理，打碎机5可以对泔水固体成分进行有效粉碎，由高速旋转的刀片将固体物打碎，由于打碎机高速的离心作用，从打碎机上方掉落的固体残渣，打碎掉落至底部被抛至带有软毛刷22的鸭嘴管口6处，由鸭嘴管口6和软毛刷22的共同作用并被均匀的铺洒在固体传送带7上进行转移。在固体传送带7的运输过程中，经过太阳能烘干杀菌装置8，装置产生的400-500度高温，可以达到干燥、杀菌和脱水处理，在经过烘干区域之后，固体干燥物同霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置9中的霉菌或饲料化处理物质共同从单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口21初步混合进入混合机中，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10设备一共设有三套轮换设备，根据质量传感器的信息传达，当单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10中固体物达到搅拌机所能正常工作的最大工作量时，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时进行搅拌和饲料化处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10底部，并在装有固体的单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机10中进行充分的搅拌混合和饲料话处理，形成饲料运输至校外饲养场处理；
第三步：由螺旋式挤压机3中挤压出的液体物，通过螺旋式挤压机3底部的漏斗汇集，再通过漏斗底部设有的鸭嘴喷口11均匀的流入到矩形容器的高分子亲油疏水复合板13表面由倾斜而缓慢流动；鸭嘴喷口打开时打开超声装置12，通过超声装置12产生超声波，利用超声波对对油水结合的分子进行分离，达到真正的油水分离效果；在流经高分子亲油疏水复合板13表面时，经真空泵19的作用，在亲油疏水板的下方产生真空，使亲油疏水板两侧产生压强差，从而得到分离油，所述真空泵19在鸭嘴喷口11将液体喷出前开始工作，液体相分成油、水两相，做到油水两相的分离，油相经过汇集进入蓄油池20中，所述蓄油池20设备一共设有两套轮换设备，当蓄油池20的量达到2/3时，由自动化装置控制轮换，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在蓄油池20底部，并从入口加入甲烷等气体密封处理后成为生物柴油的原材料运输出校园；水相通过输水管道上的数控阀门14流入絮凝反应池16中，通过质量传感器调节数控阀门开关，当絮凝反应池16中的水达到上限，关闭数控阀门14，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时可进行滤渣处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，所述质量传感器安装在絮凝反应池16入口处，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，质量传感器和自动开关由电缆线连接，更替另一个净水装置，水相流入絮凝反应池16后，打开絮凝剂储存装置15加入絮凝剂进行沉降处理，对水相中的大分子物质进行吸附和凝结，形成固体沉淀在底部，再通过过滤和除异味装置17过滤和除异味，最终的得到 非饮用市政用水储存在储水池18中；所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用系统装置全部由数字仪器控制并检测信息，所述数字仪器由一组传感器和显示装置组成，其中传感器安装在各个装置的入口处和管道中央，显示装置安装在整个系统的外部，所述传感器和显示装置由电缆连接，校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置安装于密闭厂房内，厂房顶部铺设太阳能电池板和聚光板，所述太阳能电池板和聚光板网状交替铺设，所述系统能源由太阳能和电能协同供给，其中太阳能一部分用作太阳能烘干杀菌装置8，另一部分则用作转化电能供给设备能源，所述设置在厂房顶部的太阳能电池板和聚光板由光源传感器控制，所述光源传感器会根据不同时间的太阳光照射角度，自动校正太阳能电池板和聚光板的方向。
校园餐厨垃圾的高效环保的处理，用于对校园食堂产生的泔水进行处理，以此达到校园餐厨垃圾的高效环保回收和再利用的目的；可以高效的对校园内的泔水进行处理，达到国家运输的要求。并且可进行连续性作业，使泔水中的有潜在价值的物质充分发挥其作用，如：泔水中的泔水油可以经过分离和粗加工处理成生物原油，运输至校外工厂制备生物柴油；泔水中的固体物质如淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质和无机盐可以通过饲料化处理，加工成精品饲料，运输至饲养场当作饲料被利用；泔水中的水可以经过净化处理后，作为非饮用的市政用水被再利用；本系统所用的装置设计并建设出来以后，所有能源供给来源于太阳能电池转化太阳能所产生的电能和外部电能。并且本系统输入的是校园餐厨垃圾，输出的物质包括饲料、生物柴油原料和非饮用的市政用水。没有产生对周围环境污染和二次污染的物质或有毒物质；整个校园餐厨垃圾处理系统，可以不间断的运行，当泔水从系统入料空倒入是，系统便开始运行，期间不会存在间隙，通过设备控制也可达到系统自动清洗和净化的目的。产生的饲料、生物柴油原料和非饮用市政用水可以直接利用；本发明设计一款从原始泔水到可供直接使用的产物的完整处理链。该设备在科技元素中融入环保理念，以尽可能小的损耗将泔水的利用价值最大化。以太阳能作原始能源，通过光电转换来为设备的运行提供能源，绿色环保；突破传统的滚筒式离心脱水法，采用旋转挤压实现固液分离，高效节能；此外，该设备引入了一种特殊的新型油水分离材料作为滤板，通过减压抽滤实现油水的快速分离，整个过程快速高效，相对于传统的化学分离，时间可减少一半以上；在后续处理中，泔水固相废料经过打碎，烘干，霉菌发酵，转化为可直接使用的动物饲料，整个过程一步到位；液相废水则采用最普遍的絮凝沉淀技术，净化之后可作非饮用水循环使用，实现了真正意义上的环境友好；所述泔水在进入螺旋式挤压机后能有效进行固液分离，产生较为干燥的固体物，且周围的空腔能够有效的对泔水中的液相进行收集，所述超声仪器能对混合在一起的油和水进行高效的分离作用，后经过亲油疏水材料表面时，由于真空泵所产生的压强差使油和水进行分离，汇 集时使残油被抽滤干净，固体在经打碎机处理后通过叶轮的旋转，有效的被移出打碎机，在螺旋式挤压机液相流出口，通过增加鸭嘴喷口的方法，使液体均匀的分散的流出，后经亲油疏水材料表面由重力作用缓慢流下，在打碎机的下方出口，可以通过鸭嘴管口，使固体打碎物均匀分散的平铺在传送带上，传送带在运动过程中即可同时进行干燥、杀菌和脱水处理，固体物在被打碎过程中，打碎机可以达到不间断的持续作业，整个系统在密闭空间内，反应产生的气体经处理加工合格排放，且也可避免噪声污染。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置，其特征在于：所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置由长方形物料入口(1)、螺旋式挤压机动力装置(2)、螺旋式挤压机(3)、直角钢管(4)、打碎机(5)、鸭嘴管口(6)、固体传送带(7)、太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)、霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置(9)、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)、鸭嘴喷口(11)、超声装置(12)、高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)、数控阀门(14)、絮凝剂储存装置(15)、一组絮凝反应池(16)、一组过滤和除异味装置(17)、一组储水池(18)、真空泵(19)、一组蓄油池(20)、一组单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口(21)和软毛刷(22)组成，所述长方形物料入口(1)与螺旋式挤压机(3)顶部的进料口相连，螺旋式挤压机(3)一侧设有螺旋式挤压机动力装置(2)，所述螺旋式挤压机(3)另一侧通过直角钢管(4)与打碎机(5)相连，螺旋式挤压机(3)底部设有漏斗，漏斗底部设有鸭嘴喷口(11)，所述打碎机(5)底部设有带有软毛刷(22)的鸭嘴管口(6)，所述固体传送带(7)一端与带有软毛刷(22)的鸭嘴管口(6)的底部相连，固体传送带(7)的另一端与单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口(21)顶部相连，所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)设在固体传送带(7)上，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口(21)上方设有霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置(9)，所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口(21)设在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)顶部，鸭嘴喷口(11)与油水分离装置相连，所述油水分离装置是矩形容器，超声装置(12)设在矩形容器外围与矩形容器直接相连，高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)斜放在矩形容器内，高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)与矩形容器接触部位密封连接；高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)下空腔通过输油管道连接蓄油池(20)，所述输油管道的进口处设有真空泵(19)；高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)上空腔通过输水管道与矩形容器下方的一组净水装置相连，所述输水管道上设有数控阀门(14)，所述净水装置由絮凝反应池(16)和储水池(18)组成，絮凝反应池(16)顶部设有絮凝剂储存装置(15)，絮凝反应池(16)底部通过储水管道连接储水池(18)，所述储水管道中间位置设有过滤和除异味装置(17)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置，其特征在于：所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)由太阳能聚光加热器和电热套加热装置共同构成发热装置，整个太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)覆盖固体传送带(7)中间部分，所述太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)由合金外壳包围，太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)两侧设有鼓风机增加空气流通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置，其特征在于：所述过滤和除异味装置(17)由过滤装置和除异味装置构成，所述过滤装置为上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构，所述滤床结构的过滤介质采用孔径小于5微米的纤维介质，过滤装置再通过管道与存有活性炭的除异味装置相连，所述活性炭粒径小于1毫米，所述上疏下密的连续梯度密度滤床结构为过滤装置进口处每500mm设置一层过滤介质到过滤装置出口处每10mm设置一层过滤介质，进口处到出口处中间过滤介质间隔连续梯度递减。
  4. 一种权利要求1所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于步骤为：
    第一步：首先将校园餐厨垃圾集中统一预处理并运输至校园餐厨垃圾处理系统处，把泔水通过长方形物料入口(1)倒入螺旋式挤压机(3)中，打开螺旋式挤压机动力装置(2)进行固液分离，当物料开始进入螺旋式挤压机(3)时先关闭螺旋式挤压机(3)的出口，待螺旋式挤压机(3)中物料积累到螺旋式挤压机(3)内部空间总容量1/3处时，再打开螺旋式挤压机(3)的出口；
    第二步：从螺旋式挤压机(3)中分离出的固体物，通过直角钢管(4)进入打碎机(5)中进行打碎处理，得到固体碎渣，固体碎渣从带有软毛刷(22)的鸭嘴管口(6)流出，通过固体传送带(7)进入太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)中进行烘干和杀菌处理，最后通过传送带传输到单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机入料口(21)中，投入单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)处理，同时打开霉菌或饲料化处理物质储存装置(9)，在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)中加入霉菌或饲料化处理物质，进行搅拌和饲料化处理，最终得到饲料；
    第三步：从螺旋式挤压机(3)中挤压出的液体物，通过螺旋式挤压机(3)底部的漏斗汇集，再通过漏斗底部设有的鸭嘴喷口(11)均匀的流入到矩形容器的高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)表面，同时打开超声装置(12)通过超声装置(12)产生超声波，利用超声波对液体进行更进一步的油水分离，在流经高分子亲油疏水复合板(13)表面时，经真空泵(19)的作用，在亲油疏水板的下方产生真空，使亲油疏水板两侧产生压强差，从而得到分离油，液体相分成油、水两相；
    第四步：油相经过汇集进入蓄油池(20)中，当蓄油池(20)达到2/3的量之后，更换空的蓄油池(20)，并从入口加入甲烷气体密封处理后成为生物柴油的原材料，水相通过输水管道上的数控阀门(14)流入絮凝反应池(16)中，打开絮凝剂储存装置(15)加入絮凝剂进行沉降处理，对水相中的大分子物质进行吸附和凝结，再通过过滤和除异味装置(17)过 滤和除异味，最终的得到非饮用市政用水储存在储水池(18)中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述净水装置一共设有三套轮换设备交替进行处理，当絮凝反应池(16)中的水装满后，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时可进行滤渣处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，所述质量传感器安装在絮凝反应池(16)入口处，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，质量传感器和自动开关由电缆线连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)设备一共设有三套轮换设备，当单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)中的固体物达到搅拌机所能正常工作的最大量时，由自动化装置控制轮换，同时进行搅拌和饲料化处理工作，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在单锥双螺旋混合搅拌机(10)底部。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述蓄油池(20)设备一共设有两套轮换设备，当蓄油池(20)的量达到2/3时，由自动化装置控制轮换，所述自动化装置由质量传感器和自动开关组成，其中质量传感器和自动开关通过电缆相连，所述自动开关与轮换设备直接相连，所述质量传感器安装在蓄油池(20)底部。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述超声装置(12)在鸭嘴喷口(11)将液体喷出时开始作业，所述真空泵(19)在鸭嘴喷口(11)将液体喷出前开始工作。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于：所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用系统装置全部由数字仪器控制并检测信息，所述数字仪器由一组传感器和显示装置组成，其中传感器安装在各个装置的入口处和管道中央，显示装置安装在整个系统的外部，所述传感器和显示装置由电缆连接。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置的使用方法，其特征在于： 所述校园餐厨垃圾综合回收利用装置安装于密闭厂房内，厂房顶部铺设太阳能电池板和聚光板，所述太阳能电池板和聚光板网状交替铺设，所述系统能源由太阳能和电能协同供给，其中太阳能一部分用作太阳能烘干杀菌装置(8)，另一部分则用作转化电能供给设备能源，所述设置在厂房顶部的太阳能电池板和聚光板由光源传感器控制，所述光源传感器会根据不同时间的太阳光照射角度，自动校正太阳能电池板和聚光板的方向。
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