WO2020244208A1 - 一种发声装置 - Google Patents

一种发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020244208A1
WO2020244208A1 PCT/CN2019/128435 CN2019128435W WO2020244208A1 WO 2020244208 A1 WO2020244208 A1 WO 2020244208A1 CN 2019128435 W CN2019128435 W CN 2019128435W WO 2020244208 A1 WO2020244208 A1 WO 2020244208A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnets
magnet
sides
central
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/128435
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祖峰磊
徐同雁
曹明君
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Publication of WO2020244208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020244208A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of sound energy conversion, in particular to a sound generating device.
  • Micro-sounding device is an important electro-acoustic conversion component in mobile communication equipment. It is used to convert electrical signals into sound. It is used to form components such as speakers, earpieces, and earphones of mobile communication equipment. With the development of the mobile communication equipment industry, the micro-sounding device industry has developed rapidly, and the performance requirements for the micro-sounding device are getting higher and higher.
  • the moving-coil sounding device is a specific sounding device structure widely used in mobile communication equipment.
  • the existing moving-coil sounding device is shown in Figure 1, and usually includes a housing and a vibration system and a magnetic circuit accommodating and fixed on the housing.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil 04.
  • the magnetic circuit system forms a magnetic gap to accommodate the voice coil. After a current is applied to the voice coil, the voice coil vibrates under the action of the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit system to drive the vibration The membrane vibrates and produces sound.
  • the magnetic circuit system usually includes a magnetic yoke 01 and a central magnetic circuit part and a side magnetic circuit part arranged on the magnetic yoke 01.
  • the central magnetic circuit part includes a central magnet 021 and a central magnetic plate 022
  • the side magnetic circuit part includes side magnet 031 and side magnetic guide plate 032.
  • the central magnet 021 and side magnet 031 are magnetized in the vertical direction, and their magnetizing directions are opposite.
  • the magnetic yoke 01 and the magnetic guide plate are used to align The magnetic lines of induction generated by the two magnets gather and guide their direction, enhancing the strength of the magnetic field located in the magnetic gap.
  • the magnetic circuit structure in the prior art is relatively flat, and the outer side of the side magnet is prone to magnetic short-circuit phenomenon.
  • the driving force factor BL value (a certain number of turns The wire length L multiplied by the magnetic flux density per unit area B) is not high, the magnetic field cannot be fully utilized, and the sensitivity of the sound device is not high, which affects the acoustic performance of the sound device.
  • BL(x) when adjusting the symmetry of the BL(x) curve, it is necessary to reopen the mold and design the height of the magnet and the magnetic conductive plate to increase the design cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a sound generating device with better acoustic performance.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a sound generating device, including a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system, the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil combined with the diaphragm, the magnetic circuit system includes A magnetic yoke and a central magnetic circuit part and a side magnetic circuit part provided on the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the central magnetic circuit part and the side magnetic circuit part, and the voice coil extends Into the magnetic gap, where
  • the central magnetic circuit part includes a central magnet and a central magnetic component arranged side by side from bottom to top;
  • the side magnetic circuit part includes side magnets and side magnetic parts arranged side by side from bottom to top;
  • the polarities of the magnetic poles at the end close to the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke of the center magnet and the side magnets are different, and the polarities of the magnetic poles at the end far from the magnetic yoke are also different;
  • At least one of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic component is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic pole of one end of the permanent magnet close to the magnetic gap is parallel to the central magnet or the side magnet far from the guide.
  • the poles at one end of the bottom wall of the yoke have the same polarity.
  • the central magnet is rectangular, and the central magnet includes two opposite first sides and two opposite second sides;
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets and two side magnetic parts located outside the two first sides of the center magnet; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two first sides located on the center magnet And four side magnets and four side magnet parts outside the two second sides.
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet and the side magnets are parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.
  • the central magnetic component is a permanent magnet
  • the side magnetic component is a permeable magnet
  • the central magnetic component includes at least two first magnets corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet, and the two first magnets are spaced apart from each other.
  • the central magnetic component includes four first magnets corresponding to two first sides and two second sides of the central magnet, and the four first magnets are arranged at intervals;
  • the side magnetic circuit part includes two side magnets and two second magnets located outside the two first sides of the center magnet, and the two second magnets are independent of each other, or the two The second magnetic conductor is connected into an integral structure by a connecting part; or, the side magnetic circuit part includes four side magnets and four second guides located outside the two first sides and two second sides of the central magnet For the magnet, the four second magnetic conductors are of mutually independent structures, or the four second magnetic conductors are connected to form an integral structure through a connecting portion.
  • each of the first magnets includes a rectangular portion located close to the magnetic gap and a trapezoidal portion located away from the magnetic gap.
  • the trapezoidal portion includes two hypotenuses, two adjacent to each other. The oblique sides of the trapezoidal part of the first magnet are opposite and spaced apart.
  • the central magnetic component is a first magnetic conductor, and the edge magnetic component is a permanent magnet;
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets and two second magnets located outside the two first sides of the center magnet; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two first sides located on the center magnet And four side magnets and four second magnets outside the two second sides.
  • the central magnetic component is a permanent magnet
  • the edge magnetic component is a permanent magnet
  • the central magnetic component includes two first magnets corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet, and the two first magnets are spaced apart from each other, or include two first sides and Four first magnets corresponding to the two second sides, and the four first magnets are spaced apart from each other;
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets and two second magnets located outside the two first sides of the center magnet; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two first sides located on the center magnet And four side magnets and four second magnets outside the two second sides.
  • the central magnetic component is a permanent magnet
  • the edge magnetic component is a permanent magnet
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet and the side magnets are in a direction inclined with respect to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, and the magnetization direction of the center magnet and the magnetization direction of the side magnets form a first angle ,
  • the opening direction of the first included angle is away from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke;
  • the magnetization directions of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic components are in a direction inclined with respect to the plane of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke, and the magnetization direction of the central magnetic component is the same as that of the side magnetic components.
  • the magnetic direction forms a second included angle, and the opening direction of the second included angle faces the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke.
  • the angle at which the magnetization directions of the center magnet and the side magnets are inclined relative to the vibration direction of the diaphragm is greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 45°;
  • the magnetization directions of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic components are inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45° with respect to the plane of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke.
  • the central magnetic component includes two first magnets corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet, and the two first magnets are spaced apart from each other, or include Four first magnets corresponding to two first sides and two second sides of the magnet, and the four first magnets are spaced apart from each other;
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets and two second magnets located outside the two first sides of the center magnet; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two first sides located on the center magnet And four side magnets and four second magnets outside the two second sides.
  • the two first sides of the center magnet are long sides, and the two second sides are short sides.
  • the sound generating device of the present invention can reduce the magnetic short circuit of the side magnetic circuit, increase the magnetic field strength in the magnetic gap, increase the BL value, and increase the magnetic field driving force to improve Acoustic sensitivity.
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet and the side magnets may be parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets are perpendicular to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.
  • the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets and even the center magnet and the side magnets are arranged obliquely based on the above directions, and the magnetization direction is deviated to improve the symmetry of BL(x) to reduce distortion .
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of a sounding device in the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system of the sound generating device in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound generating device in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the sound generating device in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system of the sounding device in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of BL(X) curves between the sound generating device of the present invention and the sound generating device in the prior art;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound generating device in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the sound generating device in FIG. 7;
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the sounding device in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system of the sound device in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of three sound generating devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system of the sounding device in Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the sound generating device in FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sound generating device in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system of the sound generating device in FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 16 is a BL(X) curve diagram of the sound generating device in Fig. 14.
  • the directional indication is only used to explain that it is in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. of the components below will also change the directional indication accordingly.
  • the present invention provides a sound emitting device, which can be used in electronic devices capable of sounding such as earphones and mobile phones.
  • the sound device specifically includes a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a voice coil 4 combined with the diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic yoke. 1 and the central magnetic circuit portion and the side magnetic circuit portion provided on the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1, a magnetic gap is formed between the central magnetic circuit portion and the side magnetic circuit portion, and the voice coil 4 extends In the magnetic gap, after the current is passed through the voice coil 4, the voice coil 4 is forced to vibrate under the action of the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit system, thereby driving the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the central magnetic circuit part includes a central magnet 21 and a central magnetic part arranged side by side from bottom to top;
  • the side magnetic circuit part includes side magnets 31 and side magnetic parts arranged side by side from bottom to top.
  • the magnetic poles of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 near the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1 have different polarities, and the magnetic poles of the end far away from the magnetic yoke 1 have different polarities;
  • At least one of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic component is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic pole of one end of the permanent magnet close to the magnetic gap is parallel to the central magnet 21 or the side magnet 31 far from the guide.
  • the polarities of the magnetic poles at one end of the bottom wall of the yoke 1 are the same.
  • the permeable magnet is used, which cannot form a magnetic field by itself, and can only be used to gather the magnetic lines of induction and constrain the direction of the magnetic lines of induction, and strengthen the penetration sound
  • the sound generating device of this embodiment by adding permanent magnets to the center magnet 21 and/or the side magnets 31, it can not only reduce the magnetic short-circuit phenomenon of the side magnetic circuit part, increase the magnetic field strength in the magnetic gap, increase the BL value, and increase the magnetic field. Driving force to improve acoustic sensitivity.
  • the central magnet 21 is rectangular, and the central magnet 21 includes two opposite first sides and two opposite second sides. Specifically, the two first sides are preferably the long sides of the central magnet 21. The second side is the short side of the center magnet 21.
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets 31 and two side magnetic parts located outside the two first sides of the center magnet 21; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets 31 located on the center magnet 21 Four side magnets 31 and four side magnet parts outside the first side and the two second sides.
  • a side magnet 31 is arranged on the long side of the center magnet 21 to increase the volume of the permanent magnet and maximize the magnetic field strength of the magnetic circuit system.
  • the side magnetic circuit component when the preset size of the sound generating device is large enough, the side magnetic circuit component includes four side magnets located outside the two first sides and the two second sides of the central magnet 21 31 and the four side magnetic parts, corresponding to each side of the center magnet 21, one side magnetic part and one side magnet 31 are arranged up and down.
  • the arrow direction is the magnetizing direction
  • the magnetizing direction of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 is parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm
  • the central magnetic component is a first magnetic conductor 22 arranged on the central magnet 21, and the edge magnetic component is a permanent magnet.
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes four side magnets 31 and four second magnets 33 located outside the two first sides and two second sides of the center magnet 21, corresponding to each of the center magnet 21 Each side part is provided with a second magnet 33 and a side magnet 31 arranged up and down.
  • Four second magnets 33 are arranged at intervals.
  • the magnetizing process is simple.
  • gaps are formed between the four second magnets 33 to form a channel structure connecting the inside and outside of the sound generating device, which is beneficial to the smooth vibration of the diaphragm.
  • the notch at the corner can provide accommodation space for the bending section of the voice coil lead, and there is no need to separately reserve a horizontal or longitudinal space for the voice coil lead.
  • the preset size of the sound generating device when the preset size of the sound generating device is relatively small, only two side magnets 31 are provided outside the two first sides of the center magnet 21, and two side magnets 31 are provided correspondingly.
  • the second magnet 33 on the outer sides of the two second sides of the central magnet 21, the sides of the yoke 1 are correspondingly provided with bent side walls, and a magnetic gap is formed between the bent side walls and the central magnetic circuit part.
  • the magnetic pole of the second magnet 33 at one end close to the magnetic gap and the side magnet 31 arranged in parallel with the magnetic pole at the end far from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1
  • the polarity of the end of the second magnet 33 far away from the magnetic gap is the same as that of the end of the side magnets 31 arranged in parallel close to the bottom wall of the yoke 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of magnetic line of induction of the magnetic circuit system in this embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of magnetic line of induction of the magnetic circuit system in the prior art.
  • Figures 5 and 2 compared with the side magnetic guide plate in the prior art, in this embodiment, the magnetic flux density in the second magnet 33 increases, and the magnetic flux density of the magnetic gap increases.
  • the central magnetic component in this embodiment is a permanent magnet
  • the edge magnetic component is Conductive magnet
  • the arrow direction is the magnetizing direction
  • the magnetizing direction of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 is parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm
  • the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet is perpendicular
  • the magnetization direction of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 is the vertical direction
  • the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is horizontal direction.
  • the magnetizing directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are opposite.
  • the central magnetic component includes at least two first magnets 23 corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet 21, and the two first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the central magnetic component includes four first magnets 23 corresponding to the two first sides and two second sides of the central magnet 21, and the four first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other. And the edges of the four first magnets 23 close to the magnetic gap are aligned with the edges of the central magnet 21.
  • the magnetic pole of the first magnet 23 close to the magnetic gap and the magnetic pole of the central magnet 21 arranged side by side away from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1
  • the polarity of the end of the first magnet 23 away from the magnetic gap is the same as that of the end of the central magnet 21 arranged in parallel close to the bottom wall of the yoke 1.
  • each of the first magnets 23 includes a rectangular portion 231 located close to the magnetic gap and a trapezoidal portion 232 located away from the magnetic gap.
  • the trapezoidal portion 232 includes two hypotenuses.
  • the oblique sides of the trapezoidal portions 232 of two adjacent first magnets 23 are opposite and spaced apart. This design increases the volume of the first magnet 23 as much as possible, facilitates the positioning of the first magnet 23 during assembly, and facilitates the assembly with other parts.
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets 31 and two second magnets 32 located outside the two first sides of the center magnet 21, and the two second magnets 32 are independent of each other. Structure, or the two second magnetic conductors 32 are connected to form an integral structure through a connecting portion; or, the side magnetic circuit part includes four sides located outside the two first sides and the two second sides of the central magnet 21 There are two side magnets 31 and four second magnetic conductors 32, the four second magnetic conductors 32 are mutually independent structures, or the four second magnetic conductors 32 are connected to form an integral structure through a connecting portion.
  • the four second magnetizers 32 can be combined with the housing by injection molding through one positioning.
  • a first magnet 23 perpendicular to the magnetizing direction of the central magnet 21 above the vertically magnetized central magnet 21 the flow direction of the magnetic lines of induction can be restricted and the magnetic gap of the magnetic gap can be increased.
  • Fig. 10 shows the distribution of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system in this embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows the distribution of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system in the prior art, as shown in Figs. 10 and 2, respectively.
  • the magnetic flux density in the first magnet 23 is increased, and the magnetic flux density in the magnetic gap portion in this embodiment is significantly increased.
  • the central magnetic component in this embodiment is a permanent magnet
  • the side magnetic component is also a permanent magnet.
  • the arrow direction is the magnetizing direction
  • the magnetizing directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm
  • the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets is perpendicular Regarding the vibration direction of the diaphragm, according to the position state of the sounding device shown in FIG. 11, it can also be understood that the magnetization direction of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 is the vertical direction, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is horizontal direction. Wherein, the magnetizing directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are opposite.
  • the magnetic pole of the first magnet 23 close to the magnetic gap and the magnetic pole of the central magnet 21 arranged side by side away from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1
  • the polarity of the end of the first magnet 23 away from the magnetic gap is the same as that of the end of the central magnet 21 arranged in parallel close to the bottom wall of the yoke 1.
  • the poles of the second magnet 33 near the end of the magnetic gap and the side magnets 31 arranged side by side far from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1 have the same polarity.
  • the magnetic pole at one end of the magnetic gap has the same polarity as the magnetic pole at one end of the side magnets 31 arranged in parallel close to the bottom wall of the yoke 1.
  • the central magnetic component includes two first magnets 23 corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet 21, and the two first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other, or include two first magnets 23 corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet 21. Two first sides and two second sides of the four first magnets 23 correspond to each other, and the four first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other. Wherein, the edge of one side of the first magnet 23 close to the magnetic gap is aligned with the edge of the central magnet 21. With the design of two first magnets 23 or the design of four first magnets 23, the magnetizing process is simple and the reliability of the magnets is high.
  • each of the first magnets 23 includes a rectangular portion located close to the magnetic gap and a trapezoidal portion located away from the magnetic gap.
  • the trapezoidal portion includes two oblique sides adjacent to each other. The oblique sides of the trapezoidal parts of the two first magnets 23 are opposite and spaced apart. This design increases the volume of the first magnet 23 as much as possible, facilitates the positioning of the first magnet 23 during assembly, and facilitates the assembly with other parts.
  • the side magnetic circuit part includes two side magnets 31 and two second magnets 33 located outside the two first sides of the center magnet 21; or, the side magnetic circuit part includes two magnets located at the center.
  • Two second magnets 33 are arranged at intervals, or four second magnets 33 are arranged at intervals.
  • the magnetizing process is simple, and on the other hand, gaps are formed between the four second magnets 33 to form a connection between the inside and outside of the sound generating device.
  • the channel structure is conducive to the smooth vibration of the diaphragm, and the notch at the corner can provide accommodation space for the bending section of the voice coil lead, and there is no need to reserve a separate horizontal or longitudinal space for the voice coil lead.
  • Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of magnetic lines of induction of the magnetic circuit system in the prior art, as shown in Figs.
  • the difference between the sound generating device in this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the central magnetic component and the edge magnetic component in this embodiment use permanent magnets, and combined with the arrow in FIG.
  • the magnetization direction indicated by the direction is located on both sides of the magnetic gap.
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are in a direction inclined with respect to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, and the center magnet 21
  • the magnetization direction of the side magnet 31 forms a first angle with the magnetization direction of the side magnet 31, and the opening direction of the first angle is away from the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1;
  • the central magnetic component and the side magnet The magnetizing direction of the component is in a direction that is inclined relative to the plane of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1, and the magnetizing direction of the central magnetic component and the magnetizing direction of the side magnetic components form a second angle, so
  • the opening direction of the second included angle faces the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1.
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are inclined at an angle greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 45° with respect to the vibration direction of the diaphragm; the central magnetic component and the side magnets
  • the angle of the magnetization direction of the component relative to the plane of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1 is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45°.
  • the magnetization directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 are parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, that is, in the vertical direction, and the magnetization directions of the center magnet 21 and the side magnets 31 in contrast.
  • the magnetizing directions of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic components are inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45° with respect to the plane where the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1 is located.
  • the center magnet 21 is parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm, that is, in the vertical direction, the magnetization direction of the side magnets 31 is inclined with respect to the vibration direction of the diaphragm.
  • the angle is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45°, and the magnetizing direction of the central magnetic component and the side magnetic component are inclined at an angle of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 45 relative to the plane of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke 1 °.
  • the central magnetic component includes two first magnets 23 corresponding to the two first sides of the central magnet 21, and the two first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other, or include The two first sides and the two second sides of the central magnet 21 correspond to four first magnets 23, and the four first magnets 23 are spaced apart from each other, wherein the side of the first magnet 23 close to the magnetic gap The edge is aligned with the edge of the central magnet 21.
  • the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets 31 and two second magnets 33 located outside the two first sides of the center magnet 21; or, the side magnetic circuit portion includes two side magnets located on the center magnet 21.
  • Two second magnets 33 are arranged at intervals, or four second magnets 33 are arranged at intervals.
  • the magnetizing process is simple, and on the other hand, gaps are formed between the four second magnets 33 to form a connection between the inside and outside of the sound generating device.
  • the channel structure is conducive to the smooth vibration of the diaphragm, and the notch at the corner can provide accommodation space for the bending section of the voice coil lead, and there is no need to reserve a separate horizontal or longitudinal space for the voice coil lead.
  • a first magnet 23 that is magnetized in a vertical or relatively vertical direction is added above the central magnet 21 that is magnetized in a vertical or relatively vertical direction.
  • a second magnet 33 that is magnetized obliquely with respect to the horizontal direction is added above the side magnet 31 that is magnetized in an oblique direction, which can restrict the flow direction of the magnetic line of induction, adjust the distribution of the magnetic line of induction in the magnetic gap, and reduce the side magnetic circuit part.
  • Fig. 15 is a distribution diagram of magnetic line of force of the magnetic circuit system in this embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of magnetic line of force of the magnetic circuit system in the prior art, as shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 2.
  • the magnetic flux density in the first magnet 23 and the second magnet 33 increases, and the magnetic flux density in the magnetic gap is distributed as Change, and the magnetic short-circuit phenomenon of the side magnetic circuit part in this embodiment is significantly improved.
  • the simulation results show that the BL value of the sounding device in this embodiment is greatly improved compared to the prior art.
  • the curve E is the BL curve of the sounding device of this embodiment.
  • Curve A is the BL curve of the prior art sounding device.
  • the BL value of the prior art sounding device is 0.78, while the BL value of the sounding device of this embodiment is increased to 0.88.
  • this embodiment The driving force of the magnetic field is higher, the acoustic sensitivity of the sound device is higher, and the acoustic performance is better.
  • the curves E1, E2, E3, E4 are four BL curves obtained after adjusting the magnetization direction of at least one of the center magnet 21, the side magnet 31, the first magnet 23, and the second magnet 33
  • Curve A is the BL curve of the prior art sounding device.
  • the symmetry of the BL curve can also be adjusted to match the stiffness K MS curve of the vibration system to improve distortion and enhance the acoustic performance of the sound device.
  • the method of adjusting the symmetry of the BL curve by adjusting the magnetizing direction is simpler than the method of changing the voice coil structure or changing the entire magnetic circuit structure in the prior art, which greatly reduces the production cost.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种发声装置，磁路系统包括导磁轭和设于所述导磁轭的底壁上的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，其中，所述中心磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的中心磁铁和中心磁部件；所述边磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的边磁铁和边磁部件；所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的靠近所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性不同，远离所述导磁轭的一端的磁极的极性也不同；所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件中的至少一个为永磁体，所述永磁体靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁或所述边磁铁的远离所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。本发明中的发声装置声学性能更好。

Description

一种发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及声能转换技术领域，特别涉及一种发声装置。
背景技术
微型发声装置是移动通讯设备中重要的电声转换部件，用于将电信号转换成声音，其用于构成移动通讯设备的扬声器、听筒、耳机等零部件。随着移动通讯设备行业的发展，微型发声装置行业得以迅速发展，而且对于微型发声装置性能的要求越来越高。
其中，动圈式发声装置是移动通讯设备中广泛应用的一种具体发声装置结构，现有动圈式发声装置如图1所示，通常包括外壳和收容固定于外壳上的振动系统和磁路系统，其中，振动系统包括振膜和音圈04，磁路系统形成磁间隙以收容音圈，音圈中通入电流后，音圈在磁路系统的磁场的作用下受力振动，进而带动振膜振动发声。
现有发声装置的结构中，磁路系统通常包括导磁轭01和设于导磁轭01上的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，中心磁路部分包括中心磁铁021和中心导磁板022，边磁路部分包括边磁铁031和边导磁板032，中心磁铁021和边磁铁031在垂直方向上充磁，且两者的充磁方向相反，导磁轭01和导磁板用于对两磁铁产生的磁感线进行聚集并引导其走向，增强位于磁间隙中的磁场强度。结合图2所示的的磁感线分布图示，现有技术中的磁路结构，发声装置磁路比较扁平，边磁铁的外侧容易出现磁短路现象，驱动力因子BL值(一定圈数的导线长度L乘以单位面积磁通密度B)不高，磁场不能充分利用，发声装置的灵敏度不高，影响了发声装置的声学性能。并且现有技术中，调节BL(x)曲线对称性时，需要通过对磁铁及导磁板重新开模设计高度等方式，增大设计成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术中的问题，提供一种声学 性能更好的发声装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种发声装置，包括振动系统和磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和与所述振膜结合的音圈，所述磁路系统包括导磁轭和设于所述导磁轭的底壁上的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述音圈伸入所述磁间隙中，其中，
所述中心磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的中心磁铁和中心磁部件；
所述边磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的边磁铁和边磁部件；
所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的靠近所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性不同，远离所述导磁轭的一端的磁极的极性也不同；
所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件中的至少一个为永磁体，所述永磁体靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁或所述边磁铁的远离所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁铁为矩形，所述中心磁铁包括相对的两个第一边和相对的两个第二边；
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个边磁部件；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个边磁部件。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向平行于所述振膜的振动方向，所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为导磁体；
所述中心磁部件包括至少与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔设置；
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二导磁体，所述两个第二导磁体为相互独立的结构，或者所述两个第二导磁体通过连接部连接为一体结构；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二导磁体， 所述四个第二导磁体为相互独立的结构，或者所述四个第二导磁体通过连接部连接为一体结构。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述每个第一磁铁包括靠近所述磁间隙设置的长方形部分以及远离所述磁间隙设置的梯形部分，所述梯形部分包括两个斜边，相邻两个第一磁铁的梯形部分的斜边相对且间隔设置。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件为第一导磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔；
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向在相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的方向上，所述中心磁铁的充磁方向与所述边磁铁的充磁方向形成第一夹角，所述第一夹角的开口方向背离所述导磁轭的底壁；
所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向在相对于所述导磁轭的底壁所在平面倾斜的方向上，所述中心磁部件的充磁方向与所述边磁部件的充磁方向形成第二夹角，所述第二夹角的开口方向朝向所述导磁轭底壁。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的角度为大于等于0°小于等于45°；
所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向相对于所述导磁轭的底壁所在平面倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔；
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述中心磁铁的两个第一边为长边，两个第二边为短边。
采用了上述技术方案后，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的发声装置，通过在中心磁铁和/或边磁铁上增设永磁体，可以减轻边磁路部分的磁短路现象，增强磁间隙中的磁场强度，提高BL值，提高磁场驱动力，以提升声学灵敏度。
进一步的，所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向可以平行于所述振膜的振动方向，且所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向。或者，所述永磁体甚至所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向在上述方向的基础上进行倾斜设置，通过充磁方向的偏斜，改善BL(x)的对称性，以降低失真。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中的发声装置结构。
图2为现有技术中的发声装置的磁路系统的磁感线分布图；
图3为本发明实施例一中发声装置的剖面示意图；
图4为图3中发声装置的分解结构示意图；
图5为图3中发声装置的磁路系统的磁感线分布图；
图6为本发明发声装置与现有技术中发声装置的BL(X)曲线对比示意图；
图7为本发明实施例二中发声装置的剖面示意图；
图8为图7中发声装置的分解结构示意图；
图9为图7中发声装置的俯视图；
图10为图7中发声装置的的磁路系统的磁感线分布图；
图11为本发明实施例三种发声装置的剖面示意图；
图12为图11中发声装置的的磁路系统的磁感线分布图；
图13为图11中发声装置的分解结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例四中发声装置剖面示意图；
图15为图14中发声装置的的磁路系统的磁感线分布图。
图16为图14中发声装置的BL(X)曲线图。
附图标号说明：
1、导磁轭，21、中心磁铁，22、第一导磁体，23、第一磁铁，31、边磁铁，32、第二导磁体，33、第二磁铁，4、音圈，A、现有技术中发声装置的BL曲线，B、图3中发声装置的BL曲线，C、图7中发声装置的BL曲线，D、图11中发声装置的BL曲线，E、图14中发声装置的BL曲线。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，若本发明实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本发明实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重 要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
实施例一：
本发明提出一种发声装置，该发声装置能够用于耳机、手机等能够发声的电子设备中。
请结合参考图3和图4所示，发声装置具体包括振动系统和磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和与所述振膜结合的音圈4，所述磁路系统包括导磁轭1和设于所述导磁轭1的底壁上的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述音圈4伸入所述磁间隙中，音圈4中通入电流后，音圈4在磁路系统的磁场的作用下受力振动，进而带动振膜振动发声。
其中，所述中心磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的中心磁铁21和中心磁部件；所述边磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的边磁铁31和边磁部件。所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的靠近所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性不同，远离所述导磁轭1的一端的磁极的极性也不同；所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件中的至少一个为永磁体，所述永磁体靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁21或所述边磁铁31的远离所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。所述中心磁部件或所述边磁部件在不采用永磁体的情况下，则采用导磁体，本身不能形成磁场，只能用于聚集磁感线并约束磁感线的走向，加强穿过音圈4的磁感线密度。
本实施例中的发声装置，通过在中心磁铁21和/或边磁铁31上增设永磁体，不仅可以减轻边磁路部分的磁短路现象，增强磁间隙中的磁场强度，提高BL值，提高磁场驱动力，以提升声学灵敏度。
其中，所述中心磁铁21为矩形，所述中心磁铁21包括相对的两个第一边和相对的两个第二边，具体的，两个第一边优选为中心磁铁21的长边，两个第二边为中心磁铁21的短边。
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁 31和两个边磁部件；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个边磁部件。优选在中心磁铁21的长边侧设置边磁铁31，可以增大永磁体的体积，尽量增大磁路系统的磁场强度。具体的，本实施例中，在发声装置的预设尺寸足够大的情况下，边磁路部件包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个边磁部件，对应于中心磁铁21的每个边部均设置上下排列的一个边磁部件和一个边磁铁31。
本具体实施例中，参见图3，箭头方向为充磁方向，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向平行于所述振膜的振动方向，所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向，按照图3所示的发声装置所在的位置状态，也可以理解为，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向为竖直方向，永磁体的充磁方向为水平方向。其中，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向相反。
结合图3和图4所示，本实施例中，所述中心磁部件为设置于中心磁铁21上的一个第一导磁体22，所述边磁部件采用永磁体。具体的，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个第二磁铁33，对应于中心磁铁21的每个边部均设置上下排列的一个第二磁铁33和一个边磁铁31。采用四个第二磁铁33间隔设置，一方面充磁工艺简单，另一方面四个第二磁铁33之间形成缺口，用于形成连通发声装置内外的通道结构，有利于振膜的振动顺畅性，并且角部的缺口可以为音圈引线的弯折段提供容置空间，不需要为音圈引线单独预留横向或纵向上的空间。
在其他实施例中，发声装置的预设尺寸较小的情况下，只在中心磁铁21两个第一边外侧设置两个边磁铁31的情况下，在两个边磁铁31上对应设置两个第二磁铁33，在中心磁铁21的两个第二边外侧，导磁轭1的边部对应设有弯折侧壁，弯折侧壁与中心磁路部分之间形成磁间隙。
具体的，参见图3中磁体的磁极标注，第二磁铁33的靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述边磁铁31的远离所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同，第二磁铁33的远离所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述边磁铁31的靠近所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。
本实施例中，通过在竖直充磁的边磁铁31的上方再增加设置与边磁铁31 的充磁方向垂直的第二磁铁33，能够限制磁感线的流动方向，增大磁间隙的磁感线密度，减轻边磁路部分的磁短路现象，图5为本实施例中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，图2为现有技术中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，如图5和图2所示，相较于现有技术中的边导磁板，本实施例中，第二磁铁33中的磁感线流动密度增大，磁间隙的磁感线密度增大，并且本实施例中的边磁路部分的磁短路现象得到明显改善。进一步结合图6和下面的表1，仿真结果显示，本实施例中发声装置的BL值相较于现有技术有较大提高，图6中，曲线B为本实施例的发声装置的BL曲线，曲线A为现有技术发声装置的BL曲线，音圈4中未通入电流时，现有技术发声装置BL值为0.78，而本实施例发声装置的BL值提高到0.86，显然本实施例中的磁场驱动力更高，发声装置的声学灵敏度更高，声学性能更好。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019128435-appb-000001
实施例二：
请结合参考图7、图8和图9所示，本实施例中的发声装置与实施例一的不同之处在于：本实施例中所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为导磁体。
本实施例中，参见图7，箭头方向为充磁方向，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向平行于所述振膜的振动方向，所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向，按照图7所示的发声装置所在的位置状态，也可以理解为，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向为竖直方向，永磁体的充磁方向为水平方向。其中，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向相反。
其中，所述中心磁部件包括至少与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁23，所述两个第一磁铁23相互间隔设置。作为一个具体实施例，所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四 个第一磁铁23，所述四个第一磁铁23相互间隔设置，并且四个第一磁铁23的靠近磁间隙的一侧边缘与所述中心磁铁21的边缘对齐。采用两个第一磁铁23的设计，或者采用四个第一磁铁23的设计，充磁工艺简单，磁铁的可靠性高。
具体的，参见图7中磁体的磁极标注，第一磁铁23的靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁21的远离所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同，第一磁铁23的远离所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁21的靠近所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。
进一步的，如图9所示，所述每个第一磁铁23包括靠近所述磁间隙设置的长方形部分231以及远离所述磁间隙设置的梯形部分232，所述梯形部分232包括两个斜边，相邻两个第一磁铁23的梯形部分232的斜边相对且间隔设置。这种设计，尽可能增大第一磁铁23的体积，并且方便第一磁铁23装配时的定位，便于与其他部分的组装。
具体的，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁31和两个第二导磁体32，所述两个第二导磁体32为相互独立的结构，或者所述两个第二导磁体32通过连接部连接为一体结构；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个第二导磁体32，所述四个第二导磁体32为相互独立的结构，或者所述四个第二导磁体32通过连接部连接为一体结构。两个或四个第二导磁体32连接为一体结构时，在对应音圈引线的弯折段位置预留缺口，用于容置弯折段；并且一体结构的设计，方便第二导磁体32与发声装置的外壳进行装配，例如可以通过一次定位，将四个第二导磁体32与外壳进行注塑结合。
本实施例中，通过在竖直充磁的中心磁铁21的上方再增加设置与中心磁铁21的充磁方向垂直的第一磁铁23，能够限制磁感线的流动方向，增大磁间隙的磁感线密度，图10为本实施例中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，图2为现有技术中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，如图10和图2所示，相较于现有技术中的中心导磁板，本实施例中，第一磁铁23中的磁感线流动密度增大，并且本实施例中的磁间隙部分的磁感线密度得到明显增大。进一步结合图6和上面的表1，仿真结果显示，本实施例中发声装置的BL值相较于现有技术有较大提高，图6中，曲线C为本实施例的发声装置的BL曲线，曲线A为现有 技术发声装置的BL曲线，音圈4中未通入电流时，现有技术发声装置BL值为0.78，而本实施例发声装置的BL值提高到0.85，显然本实施例中的磁场驱动力更高，发声装置的声学灵敏度更高，声学性能更好。
实施例三：
请结合参考图11和图13所示，本实施例中的发声装置与实施例一的不同之处在于：本实施例中所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件也为永磁体。
本实施例中，参见图11，箭头方向为充磁方向，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向平行于所述振膜的振动方向，所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向，按照图11所示的发声装置所在的位置状态，也可以理解为，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向为竖直方向，永磁体的充磁方向为水平方向。其中，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向相反。
具体的，参见图11中磁体的磁极标注，第一磁铁23的靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁21的远离所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同，第一磁铁23的远离所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁21的靠近所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。第二磁铁33的靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述边磁铁31的远离所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同，第二磁铁33的远离所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述边磁铁31的靠近所述导磁轭1的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。
具体的，所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁23，所述两个第一磁铁23相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁23，所述四个第一磁铁23相互间隔。其中，第一磁铁23的靠近磁间隙的一侧边缘与所述中心磁铁21的边缘对齐。采用两个第一磁铁23的设计，或者采用四个第一磁铁23的设计，充磁工艺简单，磁铁的可靠性高。
进一步的，如图13所示，所述每个第一磁铁23包括靠近所述磁间隙设置的长方形部分以及远离所述磁间隙设置的梯形部分，所述梯形部分包括两个斜边，相邻两个第一磁铁23的梯形部分的斜边相对且间隔设置。这种设计， 尽可能增大第一磁铁23的体积，并且方便第一磁铁23装配时的定位，便于与其他部分的组装。
具体的，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁31和两个第二磁铁33；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个第二磁铁33。采用两个第二磁铁33间隔设置，或者采用四个第二磁铁33间隔设置，一方面充磁工艺简单，另一方面四个第二磁铁33之间形成缺口，用于形成连通发声装置内外的通道结构，有利于振膜的振动顺畅性，并且角部的缺口可以为音圈引线的弯折段提供容置空间，不需要为音圈引线单独预留横向或纵向上的空间。
本实施例中，通过在竖直充磁的中心磁铁21的上方再增加设置与中心磁铁21的充磁方向垂直的第一磁铁23，在竖直充磁的边磁铁31的上方再增加设置与边磁铁31的充磁方向垂直的第二磁铁33，能够限制磁感线的流动方向，增大磁间隙的磁感线密度，减轻边磁路部分的磁短路现象，图12为本实施例中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，图2为现有技术中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，如图12和图2所示，相较于现有技术中的中心导磁板和边导磁板，本实施例中，第一磁铁23和第二磁铁33中的磁感线流动密度增大，磁间隙的磁感线密度增大，并且本实施例中的边磁路部分的磁短路现象得到明显改善。进一步结合图6和下面的表1，仿真结果显示，本实施例中发声装置的BL值相较于现有技术有较大提高，图6中，曲线D为本实施例的发声装置的BL曲线，曲线A为现有技术发声装置的BL曲线，音圈4中未通入电流时，现有技术发声装置BL值为0.78，而本实施例发声装置的BL值提高到0.88，显然本实施例中的磁场驱动力更高，发声装置的声学灵敏度更高，声学性能更好。
实施例四：
请结合参考图14所示，本实施例中的发声装置与实施例三的不同之处在于：本实施例中所述中心磁部件和边磁部件均采用永磁体，并且，结合图14中箭头方向所指示的充磁方向，位于磁间隙的两侧，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向在相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的方向上，所述中心 磁铁21的充磁方向与所述边磁铁31的充磁方向形成第一夹角，所述第一夹角的开口方向背离所述导磁轭1的底壁；所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向在相对于所述导磁轭1的底壁所在平面倾斜的方向上，所述中心磁部件的充磁方向与所述边磁部件的充磁方向形成第二夹角，所述第二夹角的开口方向朝向所述导磁轭1底壁。
按照图14所示的发声装置所在的位置状态，也可以理解为，中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向与竖直方向之间具有夹角，所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向与水平方向之间具有夹角。
具体的，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的角度为大于等于0°小于等于45°；所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向相对于所述导磁轭1的底壁所在平面倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°。
作为一种具体实施方案，所述中心磁铁21和所述边磁铁31的充磁方向平行于振膜的振动方向，也即在竖直方向上，并且中心磁铁21和边磁铁31的充磁方向相反。并且，所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向相对于所述导磁轭1的底壁所在平面倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°。或者，作为另一具体实施例，所述中心磁铁21平行于振膜的振动方向，也即在竖直方向上，所述边磁铁31的充磁方向相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°，并且，所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向相对于所述导磁轭1的底壁所在平面倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°。
具体的，本实施例中，所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁23，所述两个第一磁铁23相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁23，所述四个第一磁铁23相互间隔，其中，第一磁铁23的靠近磁间隙的一侧边缘与所述中心磁铁21的边缘对齐。采用两个第一磁铁23的设计，或者采用四个第一磁铁23的设计，充磁工艺简单，磁铁的可靠性高。
所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁31和两个第二磁铁33；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁21的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁31和四个第二磁铁33。采用两个第二磁铁33间隔设置，或者采用四个第二磁铁33间隔设置，一方面充磁工 艺简单，另一方面四个第二磁铁33之间形成缺口，用于形成连通发声装置内外的通道结构，有利于振膜的振动顺畅性，并且角部的缺口可以为音圈引线的弯折段提供容置空间，不需要为音圈引线单独预留横向或纵向上的空间。
本实施例中，通过在竖直充磁或相对竖直方向倾斜充磁的中心磁铁21的上方再增加设置相对水平方向倾斜充磁的第一磁铁23，并且在竖直充磁或相对竖直方向倾斜充磁的边磁铁31的上方再增加设置相对水平方向倾斜充磁的第二磁铁33，能够限制磁感线的流动方向，调节磁间隙中磁感线密度分布，减轻边磁路部分的磁短路现象，图15为本实施例中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，图2为现有技术中的磁路系统的磁感线分布图，如图15和图2所示，相较于现有技术中的中心导磁板和边导磁板，本实施例中，第一磁铁23和第二磁铁33中的磁感线流动密度增大，磁间隙中磁感线密度分布有变化，并且本实施例中的边磁路部分的磁短路现象得到明显改善。进一步结合图6和下面的表1，仿真结果显示，本实施例中发声装置的BL值相较于现有技术有较大提高，图6中，曲线E为本实施例的发声装置的BL曲线，曲线A为现有技术发声装置的BL曲线，音圈4中未通入电流时，现有技术发声装置BL值为0.78，而本实施例发声装置的BL值提高到0.88，显然本实施例中的磁场驱动力更高，发声装置的声学灵敏度更高，声学性能更好。
并且结合参考图16所示，曲线E1、E2、E3、E4为调整中心磁铁21、边磁铁31、第一磁铁23和第二磁铁33中的至少一个的充磁方向后得到的四条BL曲线，曲线A为现有技术发声装置的BL曲线，通过比较可知，在本实施例规定的前述充磁方向的设定角度的范围内，通过改变充磁方向，在相较于现有技术增大BL值的情况下，还可以调整BL曲线的对称性，使之与振动系统的劲度K MS曲线相匹配，改善失真现象，提升发声装置的声学性能。并且通过调整充磁方向进而调整BL曲线对称性的方法，相较于现有技术中通过改变音圈结构或改变整个磁路结构的方式，工艺简单，极大的降低了生产成本。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种发声装置，包括振动系统和磁路系统，所述振动系统包括振膜和与所述振膜结合的音圈，所述磁路系统包括导磁轭和设于所述导磁轭的底壁上的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述音圈伸入所述磁间隙中，其特征在于：
    所述中心磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的中心磁铁和中心磁部件；
    所述边磁路部分包括由下往上并列设置的边磁铁和边磁部件；
    所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的靠近所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性不同，远离所述导磁轭的一端的磁极的极性也不同；
    所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件中的至少一个为永磁体，所述永磁体靠近所述磁间隙的一端的磁极与并列设置的所述中心磁铁或所述边磁铁的远离所述导磁轭的底壁的一端的磁极的极性相同。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁为矩形，所述中心磁铁包括相对的两个第一边和相对的两个第二边；
    所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个边磁部件；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个边磁部件。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向平行于所述振膜的振动方向，所述永磁体的充磁方向垂直于所述振膜的振动方向。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为导磁体；
    所述中心磁部件包括至少与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，
    所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔设置；
    所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二导磁体，所述两个第二导磁体为相互独立的结构，或者所述两个第 二导磁体通过连接部连接为一体结构；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二导磁体，所述四个第二导磁体为相互独立的结构，或者所述四个第二导磁体通过连接部连接为一体结构。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述每个第一磁铁包括靠近所述磁间隙设置的长方形部分以及远离所述磁间隙设置的梯形部分，所述梯形部分包括两个斜边，相邻两个第一磁铁的梯形部分的斜边相对且间隔设置。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁部件为第一导磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
    所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
    所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔；
    所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
  9. 如权利要求2所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁部件为永磁体，所述边磁部件为永磁体；
    所述中心磁铁和所述边磁铁的充磁方向在相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的方向上，所述中心磁铁的充磁方向与所述边磁铁的充磁方向形成第一夹角，所述第一夹角的开口方向背离所述导磁轭的底壁；
    所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向在相对于所述导磁轭的底壁所在平面倾斜的方向上，所述中心磁部件的充磁方向与所述边磁部件的充磁方向形成第二夹角，所述第二夹角的开口方向朝向所述导磁轭底壁。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁和 所述边磁铁的充磁方向相对于所述振膜的振动方向倾斜的角度为大于等于0°小于等于45°；
    所述中心磁部件和所述边磁部件的充磁方向相对于所述导磁轭的底壁所在平面倾斜的角度为大于0°小于等于45°。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，
    所述中心磁部件包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边对应的两个第一磁铁，所述两个第一磁铁相互间隔设置，或者包括与所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边对应的四个第一磁铁，所述四个第一磁铁相互间隔；
    所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁两个第一边外侧的两个边磁铁和两个第二磁铁；或者，所述边磁路部分包括位于所述中心磁铁的两个第一边和两个第二边外侧的四个边磁铁和四个第二磁铁。
  12. 如权利要求2至11任一权利要求所述的一种发声装置，其特征在于，所述中心磁铁的两个第一边为长边，两个第二边为短边。
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