WO2020241688A1 - Water-borne floating facility - Google Patents

Water-borne floating facility Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020241688A1
WO2020241688A1 PCT/JP2020/020924 JP2020020924W WO2020241688A1 WO 2020241688 A1 WO2020241688 A1 WO 2020241688A1 JP 2020020924 W JP2020020924 W JP 2020020924W WO 2020241688 A1 WO2020241688 A1 WO 2020241688A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating
water
gas
lng
heating
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2020/020924
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真実 中山
ジフン ナ
Original Assignee
株式会社 商船三井
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 株式会社 商船三井 filed Critical 株式会社 商船三井
Priority to KR1020217038618A priority Critical patent/KR102631877B1/en
Priority to CN202080039708.1A priority patent/CN113891830A/en
Priority to SG11202113061YA priority patent/SG11202113061YA/en
Publication of WO2020241688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020241688A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to floating floating equipment.
  • a ship that transports LNG (liquefied natural gas) is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • LNG transported by such a ship is regasified using the heat of seawater via FSRU (floating storage regasification unit) and sent to onshore equipment. ..
  • FSRU floating storage regasification unit
  • the electric power required for the operation as FSRU is generated by using a diesel generator using fossil fuel or the like.
  • An object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a floating floating facility that functions as an FSRU that uses water in the natural environment and suppresses the influence on the natural environment.
  • the floating floating equipment includes a tank for storing a liquid gas, a vaporizing means for vaporizing the gas stored in the tank, and the gas vaporized by the vaporizing means on land.
  • a Rankin cycle that generates power by a Rankin cycle based on the temperature difference between the gas delivery means to be delivered to the equipment, the water intake means for taking in water in the natural environment, and the water taken in by the water intake means. It is equipped with a power generation means.
  • the block diagram which shows the structure of the floating body type equipment which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
  • the Ts diagram which shows the temperature / specific enthalpy of ORC which concerns on this embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a floating floating turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the floating floating equipment 1 is a floating floating LNG terminal that stores LNG, regass the stored LNG, and sends high-pressure gas to equipment on land (for example, a gas pipe). That is, the floating floating equipment 1 is an FSRU. Further, the floating floating equipment 1 is a navigable mobile body (for example, a ship).
  • the floating floating equipment 1 has a function of storing a liquid gas (for example, LNG), regasifying (vaporizing) the gas, and sending it to land, and water such as seawater, river water, or lake water. Any shape and structure may be used as long as the equipment floats on the surface.
  • the floating floating equipment 1 does not have to be in the shape of a ship, and may not have a propulsion equipment.
  • the floating floating equipment 1 will be mainly described as being configured as a ship navigating in the ocean.
  • the floating floating equipment 1 includes a turbo generator 3, an LNG vaporizer 4, an organic medium circulation pump 5, a first heat exchanger 6, a second heat exchanger 7, a third heat exchanger 8, and a fourth heat exchanger 9.
  • 5th heat exchanger 10 diesel generator 11, recondenser (reliquefaction device) 12, LNG booster pump 13, trim heater (heat exchanger for regas temperature adjustment) 14, LNG tank 15, feed pump (feed pump) ) 16, BOG (boil off gas) compressor 17, heating seawater pump 18, heating medium circulation pump 19, cooling seawater pump 20, cooling fresh water booster pump 21, organic medium piping L1, LNG piping L2, BOG piping L3, A seawater pipe L4, a heating medium pipe L5, a cooling fresh water pipe L6, and a regas pipe L7 are provided.
  • the organic medium pipe L1 is a pipe through which the organic medium used in the power generation system 2 flows.
  • the organic medium pipe L1 is configured so that the organic medium circulates between the LNG vaporizer 4 and the turbo generator 3.
  • the organic medium pipe L1 includes a path from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the turbo generator 3 via the first heat exchanger 6 and the second heat exchanger 7 in sequence, and from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the first heat exchanger 6.
  • the route is configured to branch into a route that passes through the third heat exchanger 8 and a route that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8 (bypass).
  • the organic medium flows through a path that passes through the third heat exchanger 8, and while the BOG compressor 17 is stopped, the organic medium flows through a path that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8. It flows.
  • the order in which the organic medium passes through the three heat exchangers 6 to 8 may be configured in any order.
  • the organic medium is, for example, propane, but it may not be a flammable medium but a non-flammable medium having thermal characteristics close to those of propane.
  • the LNG pipe L2 is configured so that LNG is sent from the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12.
  • LNG may have any composition.
  • the BOG pipe L3 is configured so that BOG (boil off gas) is sequentially sent from the upper part of the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12 via the BOG compressor 17 and the third heat exchanger 8. Further, the BOG pipe L3 is provided with a path for sending the BOG for fuel supply of the diesel generator 11. BOG is a gaseous natural gas in which a part of LNG accumulated in the LNG tank 15 is vaporized by heat input.
  • seawater taken in from outside the ship is sent to each of the 4th heat exchanger 9 and the 5th heat exchanger 10, and is heated or heated from each of the 4th heat exchanger 9 and the 5th heat exchanger 10.
  • the seawater used for cooling is configured to be discharged overboard.
  • the heating medium pipe L5 is a pipe through which the heating medium flows.
  • the heating medium circulates between the fourth heat exchanger 9 and the trim heater 14 and between the fourth heat exchanger 9 and the first heat exchanger 6. It is configured to include a route to do so.
  • the heating medium is used to heat the organic medium by the first heat exchanger 6, and is also used as the heating medium of the trim heater 14.
  • a heating medium which is an antifreeze heat medium, is used as an intermediate medium between the organic medium and seawater.
  • the heating medium is an aqueous ethylene glycol solution (glycol water), but other media such as propane may also be used.
  • the cooling fresh water pipe L6 is a pipe through which fresh water flows to cool the engine supply air with an air cooler of the diesel generator 11.
  • the cooling fresh water pipe L6 is configured so that fresh water flows and circulates in sequence through the fifth heat exchanger 10, the diesel generator 11, and the second heat exchanger 7.
  • the regas pipe L7 is configured so that vaporized (regasified) natural gas is sent from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the onshore equipment via the trim heater 14.
  • the power generation system 2 includes a turbo generator 3, an LNG vaporizer 4, an organic medium circulation pump 5, a first heat exchanger 6, a second heat exchanger 7, a third heat exchanger 8, and an organic medium pipe L1. Will be done.
  • the power generation system 2 is an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system that generates power by a Rankine cycle using an organic medium.
  • the turbo generator 3 generates electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the LNG cold heat and other heat sources.
  • the outline of the operation of the power generation system 2 is as follows.
  • Each heat exchanger 6 to 8 heats (vaporizes) an organic medium to produce superheated steam.
  • the turbo generator 3 rotates the turbine by expanding the superheated steam produced by the heat exchangers 6 to 8 in the turbine.
  • the turbo generator 3 generates electricity by this rotational force (work).
  • the organic medium that has worked in the turbine of the turbo generator 3 is cooled by the LNG vaporizer 4 in a gas state or a gas-liquid mixed state to be condensed and liquefied, and returns to each of the heat exchangers 6 to 8.
  • the power generation system 2 repeats this series of operations to perform a cycle for generating power.
  • the turbo generator 3 has a configuration in which a turbine rotor having wings is connected to the generator.
  • the turbo generator 3 is a generator that uses a polymer organic medium instead of steam.
  • the LNG vaporizer 4 is a heat exchanger for absorbing heat from the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 to vaporize (regasify) LNG.
  • the LNG vaporizer 4 is a shell and tube type, but other types may be used.
  • the organic medium circulation pump 5 is a pump for boosting the pressure of the condensed / liquefied organic medium cooled by the LNG vaporizer 4 and circulating the organic medium in the organic medium pipe L1 of the power generation system 2.
  • a tank for temporarily storing the liquefied organic medium may be provided on the upstream side of the organic medium circulation pump 5 (the wake side of the LNG vaporizer 4).
  • the first heat exchanger 6 heats the organic medium with the heating medium by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5.
  • the first heat exchanger 6 may or may not be used.
  • the power generation system 2 uses the second heat exchanger 7 and the third heat exchanger 8 to perform the Rankine cycle by waste heat of the diesel generator 11 and heat recovery of the BOG compressor 17. Therefore, the floating floating turbine 1 may reduce the amount of seawater used.
  • the second heat exchanger 7 heats the organic medium with fresh water by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the fresh water flowing through the cooling fresh water pipe L6. As a result, the second heat exchanger 7 heats the organic medium by utilizing the waste heat of the diesel generator 11.
  • the third heat exchanger 8 heats the organic medium with the BOG by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the BOG flowing through the BOG pipe L3.
  • the fourth heat exchanger 9 heats the heating medium with seawater by exchanging heat between the seawater flowing through the seawater pipe L4 and the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5.
  • the fifth heat exchanger 10 cools the fresh water with seawater by exchanging heat between the seawater flowing through the seawater pipe L4 and the fresh water flowing through the cooling fresh water pipe L6.
  • the diesel generator 11 is a generator for supplying the electric power required for the regasification process (for example, the power source of the LNG booster pump 13, the BOG compressor 17, or the heating seawater pump 18) on board. ..
  • the diesel generator 11 is a dual fuel-fired diesel generator that generates electricity by burning heavy oil and BOG supplied from the BOG compressor 17 as fuel.
  • the diesel generator 11 may be another generator that does not use a diesel engine.
  • the recondenser 12 is a pressure vessel for reliquefying (recondensing) a part of the BOG supplied from the BOG compressor 17.
  • the recondenser 12 reliquefies (recondenses) a part of the BOG by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization caused by spraying LNG on the BOG inside the pressurized state.
  • the reliquefied BOG is mixed with the sprayed LNG and sent to the LNG vaporizer 4 by the LNG booster pump 13.
  • the reliquefied BOG may be returned to the LNG tank 15.
  • the LNG booster pump 13 is a pump for boosting the LNG (including the reliquefied BOG) supplied from the recondenser 12 and sending it to the equipment on land via the LNG vaporizer 4.
  • the LNG booster pump 13 determines the design discharge pressure according to the required pressure on the land side.
  • the LNG booster pump 13 has a role as a suction drum that keeps the liquid level above a certain level in order to prevent idle operation.
  • the trim heater 14 heats the regas with the heating medium by exchanging heat between the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5 and the regas flowing through the regas pipe L7. Since the heating medium is heated by seawater by the fourth heat exchanger 9, the trim heater 14 is a heat exchanger that uses seawater as a heat source for heating.
  • the trim heater 14 heats the regas sent from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the regas pipe L7 to adjust the temperature of the regas.
  • the capacity of the trim heater 14 is determined to meet the required pressure on the land side.
  • the LNG tank 15 is a tank for storing LNG. BOG in which a part of LNG is evaporated and vaporized is accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15.
  • the feed pump 16 is installed on the bottom surface of the LNG tank 15 and is connected to the LNG pipe L2.
  • the feed pump 16 is a pump for sending an amount of LNG required for regas from the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12.
  • the BOG compressor 17 is a gas compressor that sucks in the BOG accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15, compresses it, and sends it to the recondenser 12.
  • the BOG compressor 17 is used for pressure control of the LNG tank 15. As the BOG continues to increase, the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 rises, so the BOG compressor 17 compresses the BOG in order to protect the LNG tank 15.
  • the compressed BOG is sent to the recondenser 12 or incinerated as fuel for the diesel generator 11.
  • the seawater pump 18 for heating is provided in the seawater pipe L4.
  • the heating seawater pump 18 is a pump for taking in seawater from the outboard and sending it to the fourth heat exchanger 9.
  • the heating medium circulation pump 19 is a pump for boosting and circulating the heating medium.
  • the heating medium circulation pump 19 is provided in the heating medium pipe L5.
  • the cooling seawater pump 20 is provided in the seawater pipe L4.
  • the cooling seawater pump 20 is a pump for taking in seawater from the outboard and sending it to the fifth heat exchanger 10.
  • the cooling fresh water booster pump 21 is provided in the cooling fresh water pipe L6.
  • the cooling fresh water booster pump 21 boosts the fresh water used for cooling the diesel generator 11 to sequentially circulate the diesel generator 11, the second heat exchanger 7 of the power generation system 2, and the fifth heat exchanger 10. It is a pump of.
  • the power generation system 2 is composed of a closed cycle of the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1.
  • the organic medium is heated and vaporized by the heat recovered from the gas wake of the BOG compressor 17, the heat obtained from seawater, and the heat obtained from the waste heat of the diesel generator 11.
  • the difference between those heats and the cold heat obtained from LNG liquefies the organic medium to generate expansion force.
  • the turbo generator 3 converts this expansion force into rotational energy to generate electricity.
  • the organic medium is boosted by the organic medium circulation pump 5 and circulates in the organic medium pipe L1.
  • the third heat exchanger 8 recovers the excess heat given to the BOG pipe L3 by the BOG compressor 17.
  • the first heat exchanger 6 takes in heat from seawater through the heating medium.
  • This heating medium takes in heat from seawater via the fourth heat exchanger 9.
  • the second heat exchanger 7 recovers the waste heat given to the fresh water for cooling the diesel generator 11.
  • FIG. 2 is a Ts diagram showing the temperature / specific enthalpy of the organic medium used in the ORC of the power generation system 2 according to the present embodiment. Further, FIG. 2 shows the saturation curve Cs of the organic medium.
  • the organic medium output from the LNG vaporizer 4 is boosted by the organic medium circulation pump 5 to circulate the organic medium pipe L1 so as to execute ORC (state P5).
  • the organic medium is heated by the first heat exchanger 6 and the third heat exchanger 8 in two phases of liquid or gas (states P6 and P8). While the BOG compressor 17 is in operation, the organic medium passes through the third heat exchanger 8 in order to recover the heat of the wake of the BOG compressor 17 (state P8). While the BOG compressor 17 is stopped, the organic medium passes through a bypass that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8.
  • the organic medium is heated by the second heat exchanger 7 that utilizes the waste heat of the diesel generator 11. As a result, at least a part of the liquid state (state P7a) is finally vaporized (state P7b).
  • the vaporized organic medium enters the turbo generator 3 in a high temperature and high pressure state (state P3), performs work (power generation), and returns to the LNG vaporizer 4. At this time, the organic medium returns from the gaseous state (state P4a) to the liquid state (state P4b).
  • the LNG in the LNG tank 15 is sent to the recondenser 12 by the feed pump 16. Further, the BOG accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15 is sent to the recondenser 12 via the third heat exchanger 8 by the BOG compressor 17. Therefore, the temperature of the BOG is lowered by the third heat exchanger 8 before being sent to the recondenser 12.
  • the LNG sent by the feed pump 16 is sprayed, and a part of the BOG sent from the BOG compressor 17 is reliquefied.
  • the reliquefaction efficiency is improved, and the recondenser 12 can reliquefy more BOG.
  • the reliquefied BOG and the LNG sent from the LNG tank 15 are boosted to a predetermined pressure by the LNG booster pump 13 and sent to the LNG vaporizer 4.
  • the LNG vaporizer 4 regasses the fed LNG and sends it to the trim heater 14.
  • the trim heater 14 regulates the temperature of the sent natural gas and sends it to the equipment on land.
  • the power generation system 2 is a closed-loop type that heats LNG using steam as a heat source, but an indirect heating system that regasifies an organic medium by using the heat source of seawater (water in the natural environment) via an intermediate medium. Since it is adopted, it also has the advantage of an open loop type.
  • fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions can be suppressed compared to the closed-loop type that regasifies without using the heat source of seawater.
  • the indirect heating system it is possible to suppress the influence on the natural environment (for example, the ecosystem) due to the decrease in seawater temperature due to the cold heat of LNG. Further, it is possible to avoid the risk of seawater circulating in each device (LNG vaporizer 4 or the like) of the floating floating equipment 1 (for example, damage to the tube due to freezing of seawater).
  • the power generation system 2 performs LNG cryogenic power generation using LNG cold heat, the LNG cold heat flowing into the seawater can be further reduced.
  • the energy efficiency of the power generation system 2 is improved, and the diesel generator 11 is discharged as seawater. Waste heat can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the influence on the natural environment due to the rise in seawater temperature.
  • the energy efficiency of the power generation system 2 is improved and the reliquefaction efficiency by the recondenser 12 is improved by providing the third heat exchanger 8 for heating the organic medium by BOG. Can be done.
  • the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 can be efficiently reduced, and the amount of BOG incinerated can be reduced.
  • the floating floating equipment 1 can suppress the influence on the natural environment and reduce the energy required for the operation as the FSRU.

Abstract

A water-borne floating facility (1) is provided with: a tank (15) for storing liquid gas; an LNG vaporizer (4) for vaporizing LNG stored in the tank (15); a gas delivery means for delivering natural gas vaporized by the LNG vaporizer (4) to an onshore facility; a heating sea water pump (18) for taking in sea water; and a power generating system for generating electricity by means of the Rankine cycle on the basis of a temperature difference between the natural gas and the sea water taken in by the heating sea water pump (18).

Description

水上浮体式設備Floating wind turbine
　本発明は、水上浮体式設備に関する。 The present invention relates to floating floating equipment.
　一般に、ＬＮＧ（液化天然ガス：liquefied natural gas）を輸送する船舶が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような船舶で輸送されたＬＮＧは、ＦＳＲＵ（浮体式ＬＮＧ貯蔵・再ガス化設備：floating storage regasification unit）を介して、海水の熱を利用して再ガス化され、陸上の設備に送られる。ＦＳＲＵとしての操業に必要な電力は、化石燃料等によりディーゼル発電機を用いて発電することが知られている。 Generally, a ship that transports LNG (liquefied natural gas) is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). LNG transported by such a ship is regasified using the heat of seawater via FSRU (floating storage regasification unit) and sent to onshore equipment. .. It is known that the electric power required for the operation as FSRU is generated by using a diesel generator using fossil fuel or the like.
　しかしながら、ＬＮＧの冷熱を海水で温めて、冷やされた海水がそのまま海に流出すると、生態系等の自然環境への影響が懸念される。また、操業のためにディーゼル発電機を用いて排熱を海水で冷却し、その海水が流出すると、同様に、自然環境への影響が懸念される。 However, if the cold heat of LNG is warmed with seawater and the cooled seawater flows out into the sea as it is, there is concern about the impact on the natural environment such as the ecosystem. In addition, if the exhaust heat is cooled by seawater using a diesel generator for operation and the seawater flows out, there is also a concern about the impact on the natural environment.
特開２０１９－３４６６５号公報JP-A-2019-34665
　本発明の実施形態の目的は、自然環境にある水を利用するＦＳＲＵとして機能し、自然環境への影響を抑制する水上浮体式設備を提供することにある。 An object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a floating floating facility that functions as an FSRU that uses water in the natural environment and suppresses the influence on the natural environment.
　本発明の観点に従った水上浮体式設備は、液体状のガスを貯蔵するタンクと、前記タンクに貯蔵された前記ガスを気化する気化手段と、前記気化手段により気化された前記ガスを陸上の設備に送出するガス送出手段と、自然環境にある水を取り込む水取り込み手段と、前記ガスと前記水取り込み手段により取り込まれた前記水との温度差に基づいて、ランキンサイクルによる発電を行うランキンサイクル発電手段とを備える。 The floating floating equipment according to the viewpoint of the present invention includes a tank for storing a liquid gas, a vaporizing means for vaporizing the gas stored in the tank, and the gas vaporized by the vaporizing means on land. A Rankin cycle that generates power by a Rankin cycle based on the temperature difference between the gas delivery means to be delivered to the equipment, the water intake means for taking in water in the natural environment, and the water taken in by the water intake means. It is equipped with a power generation means.
本発明の実施形態に係る水上浮体式設備の構成を示す構成図。The block diagram which shows the structure of the floating body type equipment which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本実施形態に係るＯＲＣの温度／比エンタルピーを示すＴ－ｓ線図。The Ts diagram which shows the temperature / specific enthalpy of ORC which concerns on this embodiment.
（実施形態）
　図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る水上浮体式設備１の構成を示す構成図である。 (Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a floating floating turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
　水上浮体式設備１は、ＬＮＧを貯蔵し、貯蔵しているＬＮＧを再ガスして陸上の設備（例えば、ガス管）に高圧ガスを送る水上浮体式（洋上浮体式）のＬＮＧ基地である。即ち、水上浮体式設備１は、ＦＳＲＵである。また、水上浮体式設備１は、航行可能な移動体（例えば、船舶）である。 The floating floating equipment 1 is a floating floating LNG terminal that stores LNG, regass the stored LNG, and sends high-pressure gas to equipment on land (for example, a gas pipe). That is, the floating floating equipment 1 is an FSRU. Further, the floating floating equipment 1 is a navigable mobile body (for example, a ship).
　なお、水上浮体式設備１は、液体状のガス（例えば、ＬＮＧ）を貯蔵して、そのガスを再ガス化（気化）して陸上に送る機能を有し、海水、河水又は湖水等の水に浮かぶ設備であれば、どのような形状及び構造でもよい。例えば、水上浮体式設備１は、船の形をしていなくても良いし、推進設備がなくてもよい。ここでは、水上浮体式設備１は、主に、海洋を航行する船舶として構成されたものについて説明する。 The floating floating equipment 1 has a function of storing a liquid gas (for example, LNG), regasifying (vaporizing) the gas, and sending it to land, and water such as seawater, river water, or lake water. Any shape and structure may be used as long as the equipment floats on the surface. For example, the floating floating equipment 1 does not have to be in the shape of a ship, and may not have a propulsion equipment. Here, the floating floating equipment 1 will be mainly described as being configured as a ship navigating in the ocean.
　水上浮体式設備１は、ターボ発電機３、ＬＮＧ気化器４、有機媒体循環ポンプ５、第１熱交換器６、第２熱交換器７、第３熱交換器８、第４熱交換器９、第５熱交換器１０、ディーゼル発電機１１、リコンデンサー（再液化装置）１２、ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３、トリムヒーター（再ガス温度調整用熱交換器）１４、ＬＮＧタンク１５、フィードポンプ(feed pump)１６、ＢＯＧ(boil off gas)圧縮機１７、加熱用海水ポンプ１８、加熱媒体循環ポンプ１９、冷却用海水ポンプ２０、冷却清水昇圧ポンプ２１、有機媒体配管Ｌ１、ＬＮＧ配管Ｌ２、ＢＯＧ配管Ｌ３、海水配管Ｌ４、加熱媒体配管Ｌ５、冷却清水配管Ｌ６、及び、再ガス配管Ｌ７を備える。 The floating floating equipment 1 includes a turbo generator 3, an LNG vaporizer 4, an organic medium circulation pump 5, a first heat exchanger 6, a second heat exchanger 7, a third heat exchanger 8, and a fourth heat exchanger 9. , 5th heat exchanger 10, diesel generator 11, recondenser (reliquefaction device) 12, LNG booster pump 13, trim heater (heat exchanger for regas temperature adjustment) 14, LNG tank 15, feed pump (feed pump) ) 16, BOG (boil off gas) compressor 17, heating seawater pump 18, heating medium circulation pump 19, cooling seawater pump 20, cooling fresh water booster pump 21, organic medium piping L1, LNG piping L2, BOG piping L3, A seawater pipe L4, a heating medium pipe L5, a cooling fresh water pipe L6, and a regas pipe L7 are provided.
　有機媒体配管Ｌ１は、発電システム２で用いられる有機媒体が流れる配管である。有機媒体配管Ｌ１は、ＬＮＧ気化器４とターボ発電機３との間を有機媒体が循環するように構成される。有機媒体配管Ｌ１は、ＬＮＧ気化器４からターボ発電機３に第１熱交換器６及び第２熱交換器７を順次に介する経路を含み、ＬＮＧ気化器４から第１熱交換器６への経路において、第３熱交換器８を経由する経路と第３熱交換器８を経由しない経路（バイパス）に分岐するように構成される。ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７が動作中は、有機媒体は、第３熱交換器８を経由する経路を流れ、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７が停止中は、有機媒体は、第３熱交換器８を経由しない経路を流れる。なお、有機媒体が３つの熱交換器６～８を通る順番は、どのように構成されてもよい。有機媒体は、例えばプロパンであるが、可燃性媒体ではなく、プロパンに熱特性が近い非可燃性媒体でもよい。 The organic medium pipe L1 is a pipe through which the organic medium used in the power generation system 2 flows. The organic medium pipe L1 is configured so that the organic medium circulates between the LNG vaporizer 4 and the turbo generator 3. The organic medium pipe L1 includes a path from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the turbo generator 3 via the first heat exchanger 6 and the second heat exchanger 7 in sequence, and from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the first heat exchanger 6. The route is configured to branch into a route that passes through the third heat exchanger 8 and a route that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8 (bypass). While the BOG compressor 17 is operating, the organic medium flows through a path that passes through the third heat exchanger 8, and while the BOG compressor 17 is stopped, the organic medium flows through a path that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8. It flows. The order in which the organic medium passes through the three heat exchangers 6 to 8 may be configured in any order. The organic medium is, for example, propane, but it may not be a flammable medium but a non-flammable medium having thermal characteristics close to those of propane.
　ＬＮＧ配管Ｌ２は、ＬＮＧタンク１５からリコンデンサー１２にＬＮＧが送られるように構成される。ＬＮＧは、どのような組成でもよい。 The LNG pipe L2 is configured so that LNG is sent from the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12. LNG may have any composition.
　ＢＯＧ配管Ｌ３は、ＬＮＧタンク１５の上部からリコンデンサー１２にＢＯＧ圧縮機１７及び第３熱交換器８を順次に介してＢＯＧ(boil off gas)が送られるように構成される。また、ＢＯＧ配管Ｌ３は、ディーゼル発電機１１の燃料供給用としてＢＯＧを送る経路が設けられる。ＢＯＧは、ＬＮＧタンク１５に蓄積されたＬＮＧの一部が入熱により気化した気体状の天然ガスである。 The BOG pipe L3 is configured so that BOG (boil off gas) is sequentially sent from the upper part of the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12 via the BOG compressor 17 and the third heat exchanger 8. Further, the BOG pipe L3 is provided with a path for sending the BOG for fuel supply of the diesel generator 11. BOG is a gaseous natural gas in which a part of LNG accumulated in the LNG tank 15 is vaporized by heat input.
　海水配管Ｌ４は、第４熱交換器９及び第５熱交換器１０のそれぞれに船外から取り込まれた海水が送られ、第４熱交換器９及び第５熱交換器１０のそれぞれから加熱又は冷却に使用された海水が船外に放出されるように構成される。 In the seawater pipe L4, seawater taken in from outside the ship is sent to each of the 4th heat exchanger 9 and the 5th heat exchanger 10, and is heated or heated from each of the 4th heat exchanger 9 and the 5th heat exchanger 10. The seawater used for cooling is configured to be discharged overboard.
　加熱媒体配管Ｌ５は、加熱媒体が流れる配管である。加熱媒体配管Ｌ５は、第４熱交換器９とトリムヒーター１４との間を加熱媒体が循環する経路、及び、第４熱交換器９と第１熱交換器６との間を加熱媒体が循環する経路を含むように構成される。加熱媒体は、第１熱交換器６により有機媒体を加熱するために用いられ、トリムヒーター１４の加熱媒体としても用いられる。 The heating medium pipe L5 is a pipe through which the heating medium flows. In the heating medium pipe L5, the heating medium circulates between the fourth heat exchanger 9 and the trim heater 14 and between the fourth heat exchanger 9 and the first heat exchanger 6. It is configured to include a route to do so. The heating medium is used to heat the organic medium by the first heat exchanger 6, and is also used as the heating medium of the trim heater 14.
　ここで、有機媒体を海水で直接加熱すると、海水が第１熱交換器６の中で氷結するリスクがある。このため、有機媒体と海水との中間媒体として、不凍熱媒体である加熱媒体を用いる。例えば、加熱媒体は、エチレングリコール水溶液（グリコール水）であるが、プロパン等のその他の媒体でもよい。 Here, if the organic medium is directly heated with seawater, there is a risk that the seawater freezes in the first heat exchanger 6. Therefore, a heating medium, which is an antifreeze heat medium, is used as an intermediate medium between the organic medium and seawater. For example, the heating medium is an aqueous ethylene glycol solution (glycol water), but other media such as propane may also be used.
　冷却清水配管Ｌ６は、ディーゼル発電機１１のエアクーラーなどでエンジン給気を冷却するための清水が流れる配管である。冷却清水配管Ｌ６は、第５熱交換器１０、ディーゼル発電機１１、及び、第２熱交換器７を順次に清水が流れて循環するように構成される。 The cooling fresh water pipe L6 is a pipe through which fresh water flows to cool the engine supply air with an air cooler of the diesel generator 11. The cooling fresh water pipe L6 is configured so that fresh water flows and circulates in sequence through the fifth heat exchanger 10, the diesel generator 11, and the second heat exchanger 7.
　再ガス配管Ｌ７は、ＬＮＧ気化器４からトリムヒーター１４を介して陸上の設備に、気化（再ガス化）された天然ガスが送出されるように構成される。 The regas pipe L7 is configured so that vaporized (regasified) natural gas is sent from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the onshore equipment via the trim heater 14.
　発電システム２は、ターボ発電機３、ＬＮＧ気化器４、有機媒体循環ポンプ５、第１熱交換器６、第２熱交換器７、第３熱交換器８、及び、有機媒体配管Ｌ１で構成される。 The power generation system 2 includes a turbo generator 3, an LNG vaporizer 4, an organic medium circulation pump 5, a first heat exchanger 6, a second heat exchanger 7, a third heat exchanger 8, and an organic medium pipe L1. Will be done.
　発電システム２は、有機媒体を用いたランキンサイクルにより発電を行う有機ランキンサイクル（ＯＲＣ、organic Rankine cycle）式発電システムである。ＬＮＧ冷熱とその他の熱源との温度差を利用してターボ発電機３で発電を行う。 The power generation system 2 is an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system that generates power by a Rankine cycle using an organic medium. The turbo generator 3 generates electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the LNG cold heat and other heat sources.
　発電システム２の動作の概要は、次のとおりである。各熱交換器６～８は、有機媒体を加熱（気化）して過熱蒸気を作る。ターボ発電機３は、熱交換器６～８により作られた過熱蒸気をタービンで膨張させて、タービンを回転させる。ターボ発電機３は、この回転力（仕事）により発電する。ターボ発電機３のタービンで仕事をした有機媒体は、気体のまま又は気液混合状態で、ＬＮＧ気化器４で冷却されて凝縮・液化し、各熱交換器６～８に戻る。発電システム２は、この一連の動作を繰り返すことで、発電するためのサイクルが行われる。 The outline of the operation of the power generation system 2 is as follows. Each heat exchanger 6 to 8 heats (vaporizes) an organic medium to produce superheated steam. The turbo generator 3 rotates the turbine by expanding the superheated steam produced by the heat exchangers 6 to 8 in the turbine. The turbo generator 3 generates electricity by this rotational force (work). The organic medium that has worked in the turbine of the turbo generator 3 is cooled by the LNG vaporizer 4 in a gas state or a gas-liquid mixed state to be condensed and liquefied, and returns to each of the heat exchangers 6 to 8. The power generation system 2 repeats this series of operations to perform a cycle for generating power.
　ターボ発電機３は、翼を備えるタービンローターが発電機と接続された構成である。ターボ発電機３は、蒸気ではなく高分子の有機媒体を利用する発電機である。 The turbo generator 3 has a configuration in which a turbine rotor having wings is connected to the generator. The turbo generator 3 is a generator that uses a polymer organic medium instead of steam.
　ＬＮＧ気化器４は、有機媒体配管Ｌ１に流れる有機媒体から熱を吸収してＬＮＧを気化（再ガス化）させるための熱交換器である。例えば、ＬＮＧ気化器４は、シェルアンドチューブ(shell & tube)タイプであるが、その他のタイプでもよい。 The LNG vaporizer 4 is a heat exchanger for absorbing heat from the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 to vaporize (regasify) LNG. For example, the LNG vaporizer 4 is a shell and tube type, but other types may be used.
　有機媒体循環ポンプ５は、ＬＮＧ気化器４で冷却され凝縮・液化した有機媒体を昇圧させて、発電システム２の有機媒体配管Ｌ１に有機媒体を循環させるためのポンプである。なお、有機媒体循環ポンプ５の上流側（ＬＮＧ気化器４の後流側）に、液化した有機媒体を一時的に貯蔵するタンクを設けてもよい。 The organic medium circulation pump 5 is a pump for boosting the pressure of the condensed / liquefied organic medium cooled by the LNG vaporizer 4 and circulating the organic medium in the organic medium pipe L1 of the power generation system 2. A tank for temporarily storing the liquefied organic medium may be provided on the upstream side of the organic medium circulation pump 5 (the wake side of the LNG vaporizer 4).
　第１熱交換器６は、有機媒体配管Ｌ１に流れる有機媒体と加熱媒体配管Ｌ５に流れる加熱媒体との間で熱交換することで、加熱媒体で有機媒体を加熱する。なお、第１熱交換器６は、使用しない時があってもよいし、設けなくてもよい。この場合、発電システム２は、第２熱交換器７及び第３熱交換器８を用いて、ディーゼル発電機１１の廃熱及びＢＯＧ圧縮機１７の熱回収で、ランキンサイクルを行う。このため、水上浮体式設備１は、海水使用量を削減してもよい。 The first heat exchanger 6 heats the organic medium with the heating medium by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5. The first heat exchanger 6 may or may not be used. In this case, the power generation system 2 uses the second heat exchanger 7 and the third heat exchanger 8 to perform the Rankine cycle by waste heat of the diesel generator 11 and heat recovery of the BOG compressor 17. Therefore, the floating floating turbine 1 may reduce the amount of seawater used.
　第２熱交換器７は、有機媒体配管Ｌ１に流れる有機媒体と、冷却清水配管Ｌ６に流れる清水との間で熱交換することで、清水で有機媒体を加熱する。これにより、第２熱交換器７は、ディーゼル発電機１１の廃熱を利用して有機媒体を加熱する。 The second heat exchanger 7 heats the organic medium with fresh water by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the fresh water flowing through the cooling fresh water pipe L6. As a result, the second heat exchanger 7 heats the organic medium by utilizing the waste heat of the diesel generator 11.
　第３熱交換器８は、有機媒体配管Ｌ１に流れる有機媒体と、ＢＯＧ配管Ｌ３に流れるＢＯＧとの間で熱交換することで、ＢＯＧで有機媒体を加熱する。 The third heat exchanger 8 heats the organic medium with the BOG by exchanging heat between the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1 and the BOG flowing through the BOG pipe L3.
　第４熱交換器９は、海水配管Ｌ４に流れる海水と、加熱媒体配管Ｌ５に流れる加熱媒体との間で熱交換することで、海水で加熱媒体を加熱する。 The fourth heat exchanger 9 heats the heating medium with seawater by exchanging heat between the seawater flowing through the seawater pipe L4 and the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5.
　第５熱交換器１０は、海水配管Ｌ４に流れる海水と、冷却清水配管Ｌ６に流れる清水との間で熱交換することで、海水で清水を冷却する。 The fifth heat exchanger 10 cools the fresh water with seawater by exchanging heat between the seawater flowing through the seawater pipe L4 and the fresh water flowing through the cooling fresh water pipe L6.
　ディーゼル発電機１１は、再ガス化処理に必要な電力（例えば、ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７、又は、加熱用海水ポンプ１８の電源等）の船内の電力を賄うための発電機である。ディーゼル発電機１１は、重油及びＢＯＧ圧縮機１７から供給されるＢＯＧを燃料として燃焼させて発電する２元燃料焚きディーゼル発電機である。なお、ディーゼル発電機１１は、ディーゼル機関を用いない他の発電機でもよい。 The diesel generator 11 is a generator for supplying the electric power required for the regasification process (for example, the power source of the LNG booster pump 13, the BOG compressor 17, or the heating seawater pump 18) on board. .. The diesel generator 11 is a dual fuel-fired diesel generator that generates electricity by burning heavy oil and BOG supplied from the BOG compressor 17 as fuel. The diesel generator 11 may be another generator that does not use a diesel engine.
　リコンデンサー１２は、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７から供給されるＢＯＧの一部を再液化（再凝縮）させるための圧力容器である。リコンデンサー１２は、加圧された状態の内部で、ＢＯＧにＬＮＧをスプレーすることによる蒸発潜熱を利用して、ＢＯＧの一部を再液化（再凝縮）させる。再液化されたＢＯＧは、スプレーされたＬＮＧと混合されて、ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３でＬＮＧ気化器４に送られる。なお、再液化されたＢＯＧは、ＬＮＧタンク１５に戻されてもよい。 The recondenser 12 is a pressure vessel for reliquefying (recondensing) a part of the BOG supplied from the BOG compressor 17. The recondenser 12 reliquefies (recondenses) a part of the BOG by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization caused by spraying LNG on the BOG inside the pressurized state. The reliquefied BOG is mixed with the sprayed LNG and sent to the LNG vaporizer 4 by the LNG booster pump 13. The reliquefied BOG may be returned to the LNG tank 15.
　ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３は、リコンデンサー１２から供給されたＬＮＧ（ＢＯＧが再液化されたものを含む）を昇圧して、ＬＮＧ気化器４を介して、陸上の設備に送るためのポンプである。ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３は、陸上側の要求圧力に合わせて設計吐出圧力を決定する。ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３は、空運転防止のために液面を一定以上に保つサクションドラムとしての役割を持つ。 The LNG booster pump 13 is a pump for boosting the LNG (including the reliquefied BOG) supplied from the recondenser 12 and sending it to the equipment on land via the LNG vaporizer 4. The LNG booster pump 13 determines the design discharge pressure according to the required pressure on the land side. The LNG booster pump 13 has a role as a suction drum that keeps the liquid level above a certain level in order to prevent idle operation.
　トリムヒーター１４は、加熱媒体配管Ｌ５に流れる加熱媒体と、再ガス配管Ｌ７に流れる再ガスとの間で熱交換することで、加熱媒体で再ガスを加熱する。加熱媒体は、第４熱交換器９により海水で加熱されることから、トリムヒーター１４は、加熱用熱源として海水を利用する熱交換器である。トリムヒーター１４は、ＬＮＧ気化器４から再ガス配管Ｌ７に送り込まれた再ガスを加熱して、再ガスの温度を調整する。トリムヒーター１４の容量は、陸上側の要求圧力に合うように決定される。 The trim heater 14 heats the regas with the heating medium by exchanging heat between the heating medium flowing through the heating medium pipe L5 and the regas flowing through the regas pipe L7. Since the heating medium is heated by seawater by the fourth heat exchanger 9, the trim heater 14 is a heat exchanger that uses seawater as a heat source for heating. The trim heater 14 heats the regas sent from the LNG vaporizer 4 to the regas pipe L7 to adjust the temperature of the regas. The capacity of the trim heater 14 is determined to meet the required pressure on the land side.
　ＬＮＧタンク１５は、ＬＮＧを貯蔵するタンクである。ＬＮＧタンク１５の上部には、一部のＬＮＧが蒸発・気化したＢＯＧが溜まる。 The LNG tank 15 is a tank for storing LNG. BOG in which a part of LNG is evaporated and vaporized is accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15.
　フィードポンプ１６は、ＬＮＧタンク１５の底面に設置され、ＬＮＧ配管Ｌ２に接続される。フィードポンプ１６は、再ガスに必要な量のＬＮＧをＬＮＧタンク１５からリコンデンサー１２に送るためのポンプである。 The feed pump 16 is installed on the bottom surface of the LNG tank 15 and is connected to the LNG pipe L2. The feed pump 16 is a pump for sending an amount of LNG required for regas from the LNG tank 15 to the recondenser 12.
　ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７は、ＬＮＧタンク１５の上部に溜まったＢＯＧを吸い込み、圧縮してリコンデンサー１２に送るガス圧縮機である。ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７は、ＬＮＧタンク１５の圧力制御用に使われる。ＢＯＧが増え続けるとＬＮＧタンク１５の内部圧力が上昇するため、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７は、ＬＮＧタンク１５を保護するために、ＢＯＧを圧縮する。圧縮されたＢＯＧは、リコンデンサー１２に送られるか、又は、ディーゼル発電機１１の燃料として焼却処理される。 The BOG compressor 17 is a gas compressor that sucks in the BOG accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15, compresses it, and sends it to the recondenser 12. The BOG compressor 17 is used for pressure control of the LNG tank 15. As the BOG continues to increase, the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 rises, so the BOG compressor 17 compresses the BOG in order to protect the LNG tank 15. The compressed BOG is sent to the recondenser 12 or incinerated as fuel for the diesel generator 11.
　加熱用海水ポンプ１８は、海水配管Ｌ４に設けられる。加熱用海水ポンプ１８は、海水を船外から取り込み、第４熱交換器９に送るためのポンプである。 The seawater pump 18 for heating is provided in the seawater pipe L4. The heating seawater pump 18 is a pump for taking in seawater from the outboard and sending it to the fourth heat exchanger 9.
　加熱媒体循環ポンプ１９は、加熱媒体を昇圧し、循環させるためのポンプである。加熱媒体循環ポンプ１９は、加熱媒体配管Ｌ５に設けられる。 The heating medium circulation pump 19 is a pump for boosting and circulating the heating medium. The heating medium circulation pump 19 is provided in the heating medium pipe L5.
　冷却用海水ポンプ２０は、海水配管Ｌ４に設けられる。冷却用海水ポンプ２０は、海水を船外から取り込み、第５熱交換器１０に送るためのポンプである。 The cooling seawater pump 20 is provided in the seawater pipe L4. The cooling seawater pump 20 is a pump for taking in seawater from the outboard and sending it to the fifth heat exchanger 10.
　冷却清水昇圧ポンプ２１は、冷却清水配管Ｌ６に設けられる。冷却清水昇圧ポンプ２１は、ディーゼル発電機１１の冷却に用いられる清水を昇圧して、ディーゼル発電機１１、発電システム２の第２熱交換器７、第５熱交換器１０を順次に循環させるためのポンプである。 The cooling fresh water booster pump 21 is provided in the cooling fresh water pipe L6. The cooling fresh water booster pump 21 boosts the fresh water used for cooling the diesel generator 11 to sequentially circulate the diesel generator 11, the second heat exchanger 7 of the power generation system 2, and the fifth heat exchanger 10. It is a pump of.
　次に、発電システム２について説明する。 Next, the power generation system 2 will be described.
　発電システム２は、有機媒体配管Ｌ１に流れる有機媒体の閉サイクルにより成り立っている。有機媒体は、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７の後流のガスから回収する熱、海水から得た熱、及び、ディーゼル発電機１１の廃熱から得た熱で加熱・気化される。それらの熱とＬＮＧから得た冷熱との差で有機媒体を液化させて、膨張力を生み出す。ターボ発電機３は、この膨張力を回転エネルギーに変換して発電する。 The power generation system 2 is composed of a closed cycle of the organic medium flowing through the organic medium pipe L1. The organic medium is heated and vaporized by the heat recovered from the gas wake of the BOG compressor 17, the heat obtained from seawater, and the heat obtained from the waste heat of the diesel generator 11. The difference between those heats and the cold heat obtained from LNG liquefies the organic medium to generate expansion force. The turbo generator 3 converts this expansion force into rotational energy to generate electricity.
　有機媒体は、有機媒体循環ポンプ５で昇圧され、有機媒体配管Ｌ１を循環する。有機媒体の１次加熱として、第３熱交換器８は、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７によりＢＯＧ配管Ｌ３に余分に与えられた熱を回収する。有機媒体の２次加熱として、第１熱交換器６は、加熱媒体を介して、海水からの熱を取り入れる。この加熱媒体は、第４熱交換器９を介して海水から熱を取り入れる。有機媒体の３次加熱(及び気化)として、第２熱交換器７は、ディーゼル発電機１１の冷却用の清水に与えられた廃熱を回収する。これらの加熱・気化過程を経て、有機媒体は、発電に必要なエネルギーを与えられ、ターボ発電機３を通過することで、発電システム２は、電力を得る。 The organic medium is boosted by the organic medium circulation pump 5 and circulates in the organic medium pipe L1. As the primary heating of the organic medium, the third heat exchanger 8 recovers the excess heat given to the BOG pipe L3 by the BOG compressor 17. As the secondary heating of the organic medium, the first heat exchanger 6 takes in heat from seawater through the heating medium. This heating medium takes in heat from seawater via the fourth heat exchanger 9. As the tertiary heating (and vaporization) of the organic medium, the second heat exchanger 7 recovers the waste heat given to the fresh water for cooling the diesel generator 11. Through these heating and vaporization processes, the organic medium is given the energy required for power generation, and by passing through the turbo generator 3, the power generation system 2 obtains electric power.
　図２は、本実施形態に係る、発電システム２のＯＲＣで用いられる有機媒体の温度／比エンタルピーを示すＴ－ｓ線図である。また、図２には、有機媒体の飽和曲線Ｃｓを示している。 FIG. 2 is a Ts diagram showing the temperature / specific enthalpy of the organic medium used in the ORC of the power generation system 2 according to the present embodiment. Further, FIG. 2 shows the saturation curve Cs of the organic medium.
　ＬＮＧ気化器４から出力された有機媒体は、有機媒体循環ポンプ５により昇圧されることで、ＯＲＣを実行するように有機媒体配管Ｌ１を循環する（状態Ｐ５）。 The organic medium output from the LNG vaporizer 4 is boosted by the organic medium circulation pump 5 to circulate the organic medium pipe L1 so as to execute ORC (state P5).
　有機媒体は、第１熱交換器６及び第３熱交換器８により、液体又は気液２相で加熱される（状態Ｐ６，Ｐ８）。ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７が動作中は、有機媒体は、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７の後流の熱を回収するために、第３熱交換器８を通る（状態Ｐ８）。ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７が停止中は、有機媒体は、第３熱交換器８を通らないバイパスを通る。 The organic medium is heated by the first heat exchanger 6 and the third heat exchanger 8 in two phases of liquid or gas (states P6 and P8). While the BOG compressor 17 is in operation, the organic medium passes through the third heat exchanger 8 in order to recover the heat of the wake of the BOG compressor 17 (state P8). While the BOG compressor 17 is stopped, the organic medium passes through a bypass that does not pass through the third heat exchanger 8.
　有機媒体は、ディーゼル発電機１１の廃熱を利用した第２熱交換器７により、加熱される。これにより、少なくとも一部が液体の状態（状態Ｐ７ａ）から、最終的に全量気化する（状態Ｐ７ｂ）。気化した有機媒体は、高温かつ高圧の状態（状態Ｐ３）でターボ発電機３に入り、仕事（発電）をして、ＬＮＧ気化器４に戻る。このとき、有機媒体は、気体の状態（状態Ｐ４ａ）から液体の状態（状態Ｐ４ｂ）に戻る。 The organic medium is heated by the second heat exchanger 7 that utilizes the waste heat of the diesel generator 11. As a result, at least a part of the liquid state (state P7a) is finally vaporized (state P7b). The vaporized organic medium enters the turbo generator 3 in a high temperature and high pressure state (state P3), performs work (power generation), and returns to the LNG vaporizer 4. At this time, the organic medium returns from the gaseous state (state P4a) to the liquid state (state P4b).
　次に、ＬＮＧが再ガス化されて、陸上の設備に送られる動作について説明する。 Next, the operation in which LNG is regasified and sent to equipment on land will be described.
　ＬＮＧ気化器４によるＬＮＧの再ガス化を行う場合、ＬＮＧタンク１５内のＬＮＧがフィードポンプ１６で、リコンデンサー１２に送られる。また、ＬＮＧタンク１５の上部に溜まったＢＯＧは、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７で第３熱交換器８を介してリコンデンサー１２に送られる。したがって、第３熱交換器８により、リコンデンサー１２に送られる前に、ＢＯＧの温度は、下げられる。 When regasifying LNG with the LNG vaporizer 4, the LNG in the LNG tank 15 is sent to the recondenser 12 by the feed pump 16. Further, the BOG accumulated in the upper part of the LNG tank 15 is sent to the recondenser 12 via the third heat exchanger 8 by the BOG compressor 17. Therefore, the temperature of the BOG is lowered by the third heat exchanger 8 before being sent to the recondenser 12.
　リコンデンサー１２内では、フィードポンプ１６により送り込まれたＬＮＧがスプレーされて、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７から送り込まれたＢＯＧの一部が再液化する。このとき、ＢＯＧの温度が予め下げられていることで、再液化効率が向上し、リコンデンサー１２は、より多くのＢＯＧを再液化することができる。 In the recondenser 12, the LNG sent by the feed pump 16 is sprayed, and a part of the BOG sent from the BOG compressor 17 is reliquefied. At this time, since the temperature of the BOG is lowered in advance, the reliquefaction efficiency is improved, and the recondenser 12 can reliquefy more BOG.
　再液化されたＢＯＧとＬＮＧタンク１５から送り込まれたＬＮＧは、ＬＮＧ昇圧ポンプ１３により、所定の圧力に昇圧され、ＬＮＧ気化器４に送られる。ＬＮＧ気化器４は、送り込まれたＬＮＧを再ガス化し、トリムヒーター１４に送る。トリムヒーター１４は、送り込まれた天然ガスを温度調節して、陸上の設備に送る。 The reliquefied BOG and the LNG sent from the LNG tank 15 are boosted to a predetermined pressure by the LNG booster pump 13 and sent to the LNG vaporizer 4. The LNG vaporizer 4 regasses the fed LNG and sends it to the trim heater 14. The trim heater 14 regulates the temperature of the sent natural gas and sends it to the equipment on land.
　本実施形態によれば、以下の作用効果を得ることができる。 According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
　発電システム２は、蒸気を熱源としてＬＮＧを加熱するクローズドループ式であるが、中間媒体を介して海水（自然環境にある水）の熱源を利用して有機媒体を再ガス化する間接加熱システムを採用しているため、オープンループ式の利点も有する。 The power generation system 2 is a closed-loop type that heats LNG using steam as a heat source, but an indirect heating system that regasifies an organic medium by using the heat source of seawater (water in the natural environment) via an intermediate medium. Since it is adopted, it also has the advantage of an open loop type.
　具体的には、海水の熱源を利用せずに再ガス化するクローズドループ式と比較して、燃料消費量および二酸化炭素排出量を抑制することができる。また、間接加熱システムを採用することで、ＬＮＧの冷熱で海水温度が低下することによる自然環境（例えば、生態系）への影響を抑制することができる。さらに、水上浮体式設備１の各機器（ＬＮＧ気化器４等）を海水が循環することによるリスク（例えば、海水の氷結によるチューブの破損等）を避けることができる。 Specifically, fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions can be suppressed compared to the closed-loop type that regasifies without using the heat source of seawater. Further, by adopting the indirect heating system, it is possible to suppress the influence on the natural environment (for example, the ecosystem) due to the decrease in seawater temperature due to the cold heat of LNG. Further, it is possible to avoid the risk of seawater circulating in each device (LNG vaporizer 4 or the like) of the floating floating equipment 1 (for example, damage to the tube due to freezing of seawater).
　また、発電システム２は、ＬＮＧ冷熱を利用したＬＮＧ冷熱発電を行うため、海水に流れ出るＬＮＧ冷熱をさらに低減することができる。 Further, since the power generation system 2 performs LNG cryogenic power generation using LNG cold heat, the LNG cold heat flowing into the seawater can be further reduced.
　さらに、ディーゼル発電機１１を冷却する清水で、有機媒体を加熱するための第２熱交換器７を設けることで、発電システム２のエネルギー効率を向上させ、海水として放出されるディーゼル発電機１１の廃熱を低減することができる。これにより、海水温度が上昇することによる自然環境への影響を抑制することができる。 Further, by providing a second heat exchanger 7 for heating the organic medium with fresh water for cooling the diesel generator 11, the energy efficiency of the power generation system 2 is improved, and the diesel generator 11 is discharged as seawater. Waste heat can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the influence on the natural environment due to the rise in seawater temperature.
　ここで、余剰ＢＯＧをリコンデンサー１２に送るために、ＢＯＧ圧縮機１７を運転する必要がある。これにより、ＢＯＧの温度が上がり、再液化処理にとって余分な入熱がＢＯＧに与えられる。この余分な入熱により、再液化効率は下がり、ＬＮＧタンク１５の内部圧力の上昇速度が上がる。ＬＮＧタンク１５の内部圧力が一定以上に上昇すると、ＬＮＧタンク１５の保護のため、ＢＯＧを焼却処理する必要がある。これにより、水上浮体式設備１の全体でのエネルギー効率が低減し、二酸化炭素の発生量が増加する。 Here, it is necessary to operate the BOG compressor 17 in order to send the surplus BOG to the recondenser 12. This raises the temperature of the BOG and gives the BOG extra heat for the reliquefaction process. Due to this extra heat input, the reliquefaction efficiency decreases and the rate of increase in the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 increases. When the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 rises above a certain level, it is necessary to incinerate the BOG to protect the LNG tank 15. As a result, the energy efficiency of the floating floating turbine 1 as a whole is reduced, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated is increased.
　そこで、水上浮体式設備１では、ＢＯＧにより有機媒体を加熱するための第３熱交換器８を設けることで、発電システム２のエネルギー効率を向上させ、リコンデンサー１２による再液化効率を向上させることができる。これにより、ＬＮＧタンク１５の内部圧力を効率的に低下させることができ、ＢＯＧの焼却処理される量を低減することができる。 Therefore, in the floating body type equipment 1, the energy efficiency of the power generation system 2 is improved and the reliquefaction efficiency by the recondenser 12 is improved by providing the third heat exchanger 8 for heating the organic medium by BOG. Can be done. As a result, the internal pressure of the LNG tank 15 can be efficiently reduced, and the amount of BOG incinerated can be reduced.
　したがって、水上浮体式設備１は、ＦＳＲＵにＬＮＧ冷熱を利用する発電システム２を適用することで、自然環境への影響を抑制し、ＦＳＲＵとしての操業に必要なエネルギーを低減することができる。 Therefore, by applying the power generation system 2 that utilizes LNG cold heat to the FSRU, the floating floating equipment 1 can suppress the influence on the natural environment and reduce the energy required for the operation as the FSRU.

Claims (10)

  1. 　液体状のガスを貯蔵するタンクと、
    　前記タンクに貯蔵された前記ガスを気化する気化手段と、
    　前記気化手段により気化された前記ガスを陸上の設備に送出するガス送出手段と、
    　自然環境にある水を取り込む水取り込み手段と、
    　前記ガスと前記水取り込み手段により取り込まれた前記水との温度差に基づいて、ランキンサイクルによる発電を行うランキンサイクル発電手段と
    を備えたことを特徴とする水上浮体式設備。     A tank for storing liquid gas and
    A vaporizing means for vaporizing the gas stored in the tank and
    A gas delivery means for delivering the gas vaporized by the vaporization means to a facility on land, and a gas delivery means.
    Water intake means for taking in water in the natural environment,
    A floating floating facility equipped with a Rankine cycle power generation means that generates power by a Rankine cycle based on a temperature difference between the gas and the water taken in by the water intake means.
  2. 　前記水取り込み手段により取り込まれた前記水に基づいて、前記ランキンサイクルで用いるランキンサイクル用媒体を加熱するための第１加熱手段
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a first heating means for heating the Rankine cycle medium used in the Rankine cycle based on the water taken in by the water take-in means. ..
  3. 　前記第１加熱手段は、前記水で加熱される中間媒体を用いて、前記ランキンサイクル用媒体を加熱すること
    特徴とする請求項２に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 2, wherein the first heating means heats the Rankine cycle medium by using the intermediate medium heated by water.
  4. 　前記ランキンサイクル発電手段と異なる他の発電手段と、
    　前記他の発電手段の冷却に用いる清水に基づいて、前記ランキンサイクル用媒体を加熱するための第２加熱手段と
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の水上浮体式設備。     With other power generation means different from the Rankine cycle power generation means,
    The floating floating equipment according to claim 2, further comprising a second heating means for heating the Rankine cycle medium based on fresh water used for cooling the other power generation means.
  5. 　前記水取り込み手段により取り込まれた前記水に基づいて、前記清水を冷却する冷却手段
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 4, further comprising a cooling means for cooling the fresh water based on the water taken in by the water taking-in means.
  6. 　前記タンクの内部で発生する気化した前記ガスを圧縮する圧縮手段と、
    　前記圧縮手段により圧縮された前記ガスを液化する液化手段と
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の水上浮体式設備。     A compression means for compressing the vaporized gas generated inside the tank, and
    The floating body type equipment according to claim 2, further comprising a liquefaction means for liquefying the gas compressed by the compression means.
  7. 　前記ランキンサイクル用媒体を前記圧縮手段により圧縮された前記ガスで加熱するための第３加熱手段
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 6, further comprising a third heating means for heating the Rankine cycle medium with the gas compressed by the compression means.
  8. 　前記タンクの内部で発生する気化した前記ガスを燃料とする前記ランキンサイクル発電手段と異なる他の発電手段
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 1, further comprising another power generation means different from the Rankine cycle power generation means using the vaporized gas generated inside the tank as fuel.
  9. 　前記水取り込み手段により取り込まれた前記水に基づいて、前記気化手段により気化された前記ガスの温度を調節する温度調節手段
    を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the gas vaporized by the vaporizing means based on the water taken in by the water taking means.
  10. 　水上を移動する機能を有すること
    を特徴とする請求項１に記載の水上浮体式設備。     The floating floating equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a function of moving on water.
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