WO2020228731A1 - 车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统 - Google Patents

车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020228731A1
WO2020228731A1 PCT/CN2020/089977 CN2020089977W WO2020228731A1 WO 2020228731 A1 WO2020228731 A1 WO 2020228731A1 CN 2020089977 W CN2020089977 W CN 2020089977W WO 2020228731 A1 WO2020228731 A1 WO 2020228731A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lock
locking
battery pack
linkage portion
replacement device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/089977
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020217040533A priority Critical patent/KR20220007157A/ko
Publication of WO2020228731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228731A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30—Sensors
    • B60Y2400/301—Sensors for position or displacement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of battery swapping for electric vehicles, and particularly relates to an unlocking method and system, and a locking method and system of a vehicle battery pack.
  • Electric vehicles are developing rapidly and are being used more and more widely.
  • the user can drive the electric car into the swap station to replace the battery pack.
  • Whether the battery pack is installed in place is the key to the success of the replacement.
  • the battery pack is generally set at the bottom of the electric vehicle.
  • most of the battery packs are replaced manually, which is low in installation efficiency and increases the waiting time for users; and when the operator installs the battery pack on the bottom of the car, there is a safety hazard; in addition, the weight of the battery pack is large and manual installation At the time, the lifting is unstable, and the installation is prone to be inaccurate and not in place.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of low efficiency, inaccurate installation of the battery pack, and insufficient position in the prior art when replacing the battery pack for an electric vehicle, and provide an efficient and high-precision unlocking method for the vehicle battery pack And system, locking method and system.
  • the present invention provides a method for unlocking a battery pack of a vehicle.
  • a protection device and a locking mechanism are arranged on the battery pack bracket of the vehicle; the locking mechanism includes a lock linkage portion and a lock base, and the lock linkage portion moves relative to the lock base
  • the battery pack is locked when the locking linkage part is in the locked state;
  • the protection device is provided on the moving path of the locking linkage part to align the locking linkage part relative to the lock base To restrict or lift restrictions on movement;
  • the unlocking method includes the following steps:
  • the battery replacement device unlocks the protection device to release the restriction on the locking linkage part
  • the step of moving the locking linkage part to the unlocking state to unlock the locking mechanism includes:
  • the unlocking method further includes the following steps:
  • the battery replacement device moves the battery pack away from the locking mechanism.
  • the protection device includes a telescopic pin and a control mechanism.
  • the telescopic pin moves between a locked position and an unlocked position relative to the lock linkage portion to restrict or release the restriction on the lock linkage portion, and the control mechanism is used to control the telescopic pin
  • Moving and unlocking the protection device by the battery replacement device to release the restriction on the locking linkage includes the following steps:
  • the control mechanism controls the retractable pin to retract to the unlocked position.
  • the protection device further includes a position sensor
  • the position sensor detects whether the protection device is unlocked in place.
  • the lock linkage portion includes a lock tongue and a lock link
  • the lock link is used to drive the lock tongue to rotate under the action of an external force to unlock or lock the battery pack; move the lock linkage portion to the unlocked state to unlock the lock mechanism
  • the battery replacement device controls the lock link to drive the bolt to rotate to unlock the battery pack.
  • the present invention also provides a method for locking a battery pack of a vehicle.
  • the battery pack bracket of the vehicle is provided with a protection device and a locking mechanism;
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock linkage portion and a lock base, and the lock linkage portion is relative to the lock base.
  • the base moves to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, and the battery pack is locked when the lock linkage is in the locked state;
  • the protection device is provided on the moving path of the lock linkage to prevent the lock linkage with respect to the lock
  • the movement of the base is restricted or unrestricted;
  • Locking methods include:
  • the battery replacement device drives the battery pack to move to the second predetermined position
  • the battery replacement device unlocks the protection device to release the restriction on the locking linkage part
  • the battery replacement device drives the battery pack into the locking mechanism and moves the locking linkage part to the locked state
  • the battery replacement device locks the protection device to limit the movement of the lock linkage portion relative to the lock base.
  • the step of driving the battery pack into the locking mechanism by the battery replacement device and moving the locking linkage part to the locked state includes:
  • the battery replacement device drives the battery pack into the locking mechanism and moves the locking linkage portion to the locked state.
  • the step of locking the protection device by the battery replacement device to restrict the movement of the locking linkage portion relative to the lock base includes:
  • the battery replacement device locks the protection device to restrict the locking linkage part from moving relative to the lock base.
  • the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening.
  • the opening is used for the lock shaft installed on the battery pack to enter the cavity, and the locking linkage moves relative to the lock base to open or close the opening.
  • the battery replacement device drives the battery pack into the locking mechanism and moves the locking linkage to the locked state including:
  • the battery replacement device drives the locking linkage to move to open the opening
  • the battery replacement device drives the lock shaft of the battery pack into the opening and moves to the locking point;
  • the battery replacement device drives the locking linkage to move to close the opening.
  • the locking mechanism further includes a position sensor, and determining whether the locking linkage portion is in the locked state includes: the position sensor detects whether the lock shaft of the battery pack reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism.
  • the protection device includes a retractable pin and a control mechanism.
  • the retractable pin moves between a locked position and an unlocked position relative to the locking linkage portion.
  • the control mechanism is used to drive the retractable pin to move.
  • the battery replacement device locks the protection device to limit The movement of the locking linkage portion relative to the lock base includes:
  • the battery replacement device sends a lock command to the control mechanism
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin to move to the locked position.
  • the present invention also provides an unlocking system for a vehicle battery pack, which includes a battery replacement device, a protection device arranged on the battery pack bracket, and a locking mechanism;
  • the locking mechanism includes a lock linkage portion and a lock base, and the lock linkage portions are opposite to each other.
  • the lock base moves to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, and the battery pack is locked when the lock linkage portion is in the locked state;
  • a protection device is provided on the moving path of the lock linkage portion to lock the linkage portion Restrict or lift the restriction relative to the movement of the lock base;
  • the battery replacement device is used to unlock the protection device after moving to the first predetermined position to release the restriction on the locking linkage part;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to move the locking linkage part to an unlocked state to unlock the locking mechanism.
  • the protection device is also used for generating a first unlocking signal after unlocking in place
  • the battery replacement device is also used for moving the locking linkage portion to the unlocking state according to the first unlocking signal to unlock the locking mechanism.
  • the battery replacement device is also used to move the battery pack away from the locking mechanism after the locking mechanism is unlocked.
  • the protection device includes a telescopic pin and a control mechanism.
  • the telescopic pin moves between a locked position and an unlocked position relative to the lock linkage portion to restrict or release the restriction on the lock linkage portion, and the control mechanism is used to control the telescopic pin mobile;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to send an unlocking instruction to the control mechanism after moving to the first predetermined position
  • the control mechanism is used for controlling the retractable pin to retract to the unlocked position after receiving the unlocking instruction.
  • the protection device further includes a position sensor for detecting whether the protection device is unlocked in place.
  • the locking linkage part includes a lock tongue and a lock link
  • the lock link is used to drive the lock tongue to rotate under the action of external force to unlock or lock the battery pack
  • the battery replacement device is also used to control the lock link to drive the lock tongue Rotate to unlock the battery pack.
  • the present invention also provides a locking system for a vehicle battery pack, which includes a battery replacement device, a protection device arranged on the battery pack bracket, and a locking mechanism;
  • the locking mechanism includes a locking linkage portion and a lock base, and the locking linkage portion Move relative to the lock base to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, the battery pack is locked when the lock linkage part is in the locked state;
  • the protection device is arranged on the movement path of the lock linkage part to link the lock The movement of the part relative to the lock base is restricted or unrestricted;
  • the battery replacement device is used for unlocking the protection device after driving the battery pack to the second predetermined position to release the restriction on the locking linkage part;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to drive the battery pack into the locking mechanism and move the locking linkage part to the locked state;
  • the battery replacement device is used to lock the protection device to limit the movement of the lock linkage portion relative to the lock base.
  • the protection device is used to generate the first instruction signal after being unlocked in place
  • the battery replacement device is also used for driving the battery pack into the locking mechanism and moving the locking linkage part to the locked state after receiving the first instruction signal.
  • the locking mechanism is used to determine whether the locking linkage portion is in a locked state, and if so, the locking mechanism is also used to generate a first locking signal;
  • the battery replacement device is used to lock the protection device after receiving the first lock signal to restrict the lock linkage portion from moving relative to the lock base.
  • the lock base is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening.
  • the opening is used for the lock shaft installed on the battery pack to enter the cavity, and the locking linkage moves relative to the lock base to open or close the opening. Switch between unlocked state and locked state;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to drive the locking linkage to move to open the opening
  • the battery replacement device is also used to drive the lock shaft of the battery pack into the opening and move to the locking point; the battery replacement device is also used to drive the locking linkage part to move to close the opening.
  • the locking mechanism further includes a position sensor for detecting whether the lock shaft of the battery pack reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism.
  • the protection device includes a telescopic pin and a control mechanism, the telescopic pin moves between a locked position and an unlocked position relative to the locking linkage portion, and the control mechanism is used to drive the telescopic pin to move;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to send a lock command to the control mechanism
  • the control mechanism is used to control the telescopic pin to move to the locked position.
  • a magnetic field sensor is provided in the cavity, and a magnetic steel is provided on the lock shaft; the magnetic field sensor is used to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel, and is used to generate a lock start signal when the magnetic field is sensed, and the lock start signal represents the lock
  • the shaft enters the cavity;
  • the battery replacement device is also used to drive the lock linkage portion to move according to the lock activation signal to close the opening.
  • the positive progress effect of the present invention is that the present invention can accurately control the unlocking and locking actions of the vehicle battery pack, improving the efficiency and accuracy of unlocking and locking the battery pack, and reducing the cost of battery replacement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an unlocking system for a vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking mechanism in the unlocking system of a vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the telescopic pin is in an extended state.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is another cross-sectional structural diagram of the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the telescopic pin is in a retracted state.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic pin in the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power pin in the protection device in the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for unlocking a vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking system for a vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method for unlocking a vehicle battery pack according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the unlocking system includes a battery replacement device 41, a protection device 10 arranged on a battery pack bracket, and a locking mechanism 20.
  • the lock mechanism 20 includes a lock linkage portion 201 and a lock base 202.
  • the lock linkage portion 201 moves relative to the lock base 202 to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, and the lock linkage portion 201 is in a locked state Lock the battery pack at the time.
  • the protection device 10 is provided on the movement path of the lock linkage portion 201 to restrict or release the restriction on the movement of the lock linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is used to unlock the protection device 10 after moving to the first predetermined position to release the restriction on the locking linkage portion 201, and the protection device 10 is also used to generate a first unlocking signal after being unlocked in place.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is also used to move the locking linkage 201 to an unlocked state according to the first unlocking signal to unlock the locking mechanism 20.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is also used to move the battery pack away from the locking mechanism 20 after the locking mechanism 20 is unlocked.
  • the locking mechanism 20 has a lock linkage portion 201 and a lock base 202, the lock base 202 is provided with an opening and a cavity extending from the opening, the opening is used for installation in
  • the lock shaft (not shown in the figure) of the battery pack enters the cavity, and the lock linkage portion 201 moves relative to the lock base 202 to open or close the opening to unlock or lock the Lock shaft.
  • the protection device 10 is provided on the moving path of the lock linkage portion 201 and is used to restrict the movement of the lock linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202 to lock the lock shaft to achieve the function of locking the battery pack.
  • the lock base 202 and the protection device 10 are respectively connected to opposite sides of the same side of the battery pack bracket 30.
  • the protection device 10 can restrict the movement of the locking linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202, thereby improving the reliability of the locking mechanism 20 and reducing or avoiding the phenomenon of battery pack dropping.
  • the locking linkage 201 includes a lock tongue 2011 and a lock link 2012.
  • the lock tongue 2011 is connected to the lock link 2012 and can rotate relative to the lock base 202.
  • the lock link 2012 is used for The lock tongue 2011 is driven to rotate under the action of external force to unlock or lock the lock shaft.
  • the protection device 10 can move relative to the lock link 2012 between a third position and a fourth position. Wherein, when the protection device 10 is in the third position, the protection device 10 acts on the lock link 2012 to limit the movement of the lock link 2012 relative to the lock base 202; when the protection device 10 is in the fourth position , The protection device 10 is disengaged from the lock link 2012 to allow the lock link 2012 to move relative to the lock base 202.
  • the protection device 10 is arranged on the side of the lock base 202 opposite to the lock shaft of the battery pack.
  • the protective device 10 acts on the lock link by pressing a part of the protective device 10 on the top of the lock link. In other alternative embodiments, it can also be implemented by abutting a part of the protection device 10 against the side of the lock link.
  • the protection device 10 includes a telescopic pin 102 and a control mechanism.
  • the telescopic pin 102 moves relative to the lock linkage portion 201 between a locked position and an unlocked position to restrict or release the restriction on the lock linkage portion 201.
  • the control mechanism is used to control telescopic The pin 102 moves.
  • the protection device 10 includes a first lower housing 101 and a telescopic pin 102.
  • the first lower housing 101 is detachably connected to a side surface of the lock base 202 opposite to the lock shaft.
  • the first lower housing 101 has a first accommodating cavity 1011 inside, and the side wall of the lower housing has a first housing cavity 1011.
  • the cavity 1011 communicates with a through hole 1012.
  • the telescopic pin 102 is located in the first accommodating cavity 1011, and the telescopic pin 102 penetrates through the through hole 1012, and can be switched between an extended state and a retracted state.
  • the telescopic pin 102 is located at the third position; when the telescopic pin 102 is in the retracted state, the telescopic pin 102 is located at the fourth position.
  • the switch between the third position and the fourth position of the telescopic pin 102 is realized.
  • the structure is simple and easy to realize.
  • the battery pack bracket 30 is provided with a through hole 301, and the telescopic pin 102 is switched between the third position and the fourth position through the through hole 301.
  • the control mechanism includes a power pin 103, a first electromagnetic induction element 104, and a first elastic element 105.
  • the power pin 103 acts on the telescopic pin 102, and the power pin 103 can move relative to the telescopic pin 102 to be engaged with or separated from the telescopic pin 102.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is disposed on the power pin 103, and the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is used to drive the power pin 103 to apply force to the telescopic pin 102 along the retracting direction of the telescopic pin 102 under the action of an external electromagnetic device.
  • the first elastic element 105 is connected to the end of the telescopic pin 102 away from the cavity.
  • the first elastic element 105 abuts between the telescopic pin 102 and the inner wall surface of the first accommodating cavity 1011. The force of the pin 102 along the extension direction of the telescopic pin 102.
  • the power pin 103 is separated from the telescopic pin 102, and a force is applied to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction, so that the telescopic pin 102 is in a retracted state
  • the first elastic element 105 exerts a force on the extension pin 102 in the extension direction, and the power pin 103 engages with the extension pin 102 so that the extension pin 102 is in extension Out state.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the telescopic pin 102 and is applied to the telescopic pin 102 along the contraction.
  • the force in the return direction causes the telescopic pin 102 to retract, and the telescopic pin 102 squeezes the first elastic element 105.
  • the first elastic element 105 provides a restoring force to the telescopic pin 102.
  • the telescopic pin 102 is returned to the position for engaging with the power pin 103. At this time, the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction close to the telescopic pin 102 to engage with the telescopic pin 102 so that the telescopic pin 102 is in an extended state , The telescopic pin 102 is in the locked position.
  • a magnetic attraction method is used to control the engagement and separation of the power pin 103 and the telescopic pin 102, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic pin 102.
  • the control method is simple and the control efficiency is high.
  • the telescopic pin 102 has an execution part 1021 and a connection part 1022.
  • the connecting portion 1022 is connected to an end of the executing portion 1021 away from the cavity, and the connecting portion 1022 has a second accommodating cavity 1023, and the second accommodating cavity 1023 is used for accommodating the power pin 103.
  • the first elastic element 105 is connected to the end of the connecting portion 1022 away from the execution portion 1021, the first elastic element 105 abuts between the connecting portion 1022 and the inner wall surface of the first accommodating cavity 1011, and the first elastic element 105 is applied to The force of the connecting portion 1022 in the extending direction.
  • the length direction of the connecting portion 1022 and the height direction of the power pin 103 form a first included angle, and the first included angle is equal to 90°, and the second accommodating cavity 1023 runs along the power
  • the height direction of the pin 103 extends so that the power pin 103 moves relative to the telescopic pin 102 in the height direction of the power pin 103.
  • the first included angle can also be set to any angle between 0° and less than 90°.
  • the power pin 103 has a head end and a tail end along its height direction, the head end of the power pin 103 is embedded in the second accommodating cavity 1023, the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is provided in the power The end of the pin 103.
  • the inner wall surface of the second accommodating cavity 1023 has a first inclined portion 1024, and the head end of the power pin 103 has a second inclined portion 1032 matching the first inclined portion 1024.
  • the first inclined portion 1024 is attached to the second inclined portion 1032; when the power pin 103 and the telescopic pin 102 are separated, the second inclined portion 1032 is relative to the first inclined portion 1024 moves downward and applies a force to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction, so that the telescopic pin 102 is in a retracted state.
  • the cooperation between the first inclined portion 1024 and the second inclined portion 1032 is cleverly used.
  • the first inclined portion 1024 is relative to the second inclined portion 1032. Sliding, the friction force applied by the first inclined portion 1024 to the second inclined portion 1032 can be decomposed into a component force along the retracting direction, and under the action of the component force, the telescopic pin 102 retracts.
  • the inner wall surface of the second accommodating cavity 1023 also has a concave portion 1025, and the head end of the power pin 103 has a protruding portion matching the concave portion 1025.
  • the recessed portion 1025 can limit the power pin 103, which helps to ensure the reliable engagement of the power pin 103 and the telescopic pin 102, thereby helping to achieve the stable extension of the telescopic pin 102. It helps to achieve reliable locking of the lock shaft.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is embedded in the tail end of the power pin 103. This arrangement prevents the first electromagnetic induction element 104 from occupying additional space outside the power pin 103, which is beneficial to improve the space utilization rate. In addition, it is also beneficial to protect the first electromagnetic induction element 104.
  • the end of the power pin 103 is sheathed with a second elastic element 106, the second elastic element 106 exerts a force on the power pin 103 in the direction close to the connecting portion 1022; wherein the second elastic element
  • the force applied to the power pin 103 by 106 is greater than the gravity of the power pin 103.
  • the force applied by the second elastic element 106 to the power pin 103 can prevent the power pin 103 from falling under the action of gravity, thereby further improving The reliability of the engagement between the power pin 103 and the telescopic pin 102.
  • the force applied by the second elastic element 106 to the power pin 103 can overcome the gravity of the power pin 103, so that the power pin 103 can move closer to and retract more reliably.
  • the direction of the pin 102 moves.
  • the protection device 10 further includes a second lower housing 107, the second lower housing 107 is connected to the bottom of the first lower housing 101, and the second lower housing 107 has a third accommodating cavity 1071, the third accommodating cavity 1071 is communicated with the first accommodating cavity 1011, and the power pin 103 is located in the third accommodating cavity 1071.
  • a second included angle is formed between the central axis of the second lower housing 107 and the central axis of the first lower housing 101, and the second included angle is equal to the first included angle.
  • the outer wall surface of the power pin 103 is provided with blocking portions 1031 at positions corresponding to both ends of the second elastic element 106, and the second elastic element 106 It is clamped between the two blocking parts 1031. That is, in this embodiment, the second elastic element 106 is integrally sleeved on the outer wall surface of the power pin 103, and the second elastic element 106 is a spring.
  • the main function of the blocking portion 1031 is to position the second elastic element 106 to restrict the movement of the second elastic element 106 along the height direction of the power pin 103.
  • the second elastic element 106 can also be partially sleeved on the outer wall surface of the power pin 103, and the other part abuts against the second lower housing 107, that is, the outer wall surface of the power pin 103 and the first A blocking portion 1031 is provided at a position corresponding to one end of the two elastic elements 106, and the second elastic element 106 is clamped between the blocking portion 1031 and the second lower casing 107.
  • the protection device 10 further includes an upper housing 108, and the upper housing 108 is pressed and detachably connected to the first lower housing 101.
  • the upper housing 108 can fix and protect the telescopic pin 102, the power pin 103 and the like.
  • the upper housing 108 has a fourth accommodating cavity 1081, a first sensor 1082 is provided in the fourth accommodating cavity 1081, and a second electromagnetic induction element 1026 is provided on the actuator 1021.
  • the first sensor 1082 acts on the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 to detect that the actuator 1021 is in the extended state.
  • a second sensor 1083 is also provided in the fourth accommodating cavity 1081, and the second sensor 1083 acts on the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 to detect that the actuator 1021 is in the retracted state.
  • the second sensor 1083 is closer to the power pin 103 than the first sensor 1082.
  • the first sensor 1082, the second sensor 2083, and the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 can reliably detect when the telescopic pin 102 is in the extended state or retracted state, which is beneficial to the realization of the locking mechanism 20 to unlock the vehicle battery pack. Locked.
  • both the first electromagnetic induction element 104 and the second electromagnetic induction element 1026 are magnetic steel.
  • the number of the protection device 10 is multiple, and the multiple protection devices 10 are used to evenly press the top of the lock link.
  • the protection device 10 adopts an electromagnetically attracted power pin to realize the extension and retraction of the telescopic pin 102, and the extension and retraction of the telescopic pin 102 are in the same linear direction.
  • non-electromagnetic driving methods can be used to achieve the extension and retraction of the telescopic pin 102, or the action path of the telescopic pin 102 can be set to a curve, or other non-retractable
  • the structure of the pin 102 such as a crank mechanism and a rocker mechanism, realizes the switching of the protection device 10 between the third position and the fourth position.
  • the locking mechanism 20 includes three lock bases 202, the lock link 2012 is connected with three lock tongues 2011, three lock tongues 2011 and three lock bases 202 one-to-one correspondence setting.
  • the side of the lock connecting rod 2012 facing the lock base 202 is also provided with an unlocking block 203.
  • the unlocking block 203 is an arc-shaped protrusion formed outwards by the self-locking connecting rod 2012.
  • the inner arc slot is provided in this embodiment, the protection device 10 acts on the middle of the lock link to improve the stability of the lock link, and is beneficial to improve the reliability of the protection device 10 acting on the locking mechanism 20, thereby helping to improve the locking mechanism. 20 pairs of battery pack locking reliability.
  • the protection device 10 can restrict the movement of the locking linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202, thereby improving the reliability of the locking mechanism 20, and reducing or avoiding the phenomenon of battery pack falling off.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is also provided with a distance sensor for detecting the distance between the battery replacement device 41 and the locking mechanism 20 to determine whether the battery replacement device 41 has moved to the first predetermined position.
  • the distance sensor is a photoelectric sensor.
  • the photoelectric sensor is arranged under the battery replacement device 41, and the photoelectric sensor faces the ground to detect the distance between the battery replacement device 41 and the ground.
  • the battery replacement device 41 moves upward from below the battery pack holder and approaches the battery pack holder.
  • the height of the battery pack holder is a known value.
  • the battery replacement device 41 sends an unlock command to the control mechanism.
  • the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is attracted to the first electromagnetic induction element 104 to complete the transmission of the unlock command.
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to retract to the unlocked position.
  • the first electromagnetic induction element 104 when the first electromagnetic induction element 104 is attracted to the external electromagnetic device provided on the battery replacement device 41, the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the telescopic pin 102 and is applied to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction The force of the telescopic pin 102 retracts, and the telescopic pin 102 will squeeze the first elastic element 105.
  • the first elastic element 105 provides a restoring force to the telescopic pin 102, making it expand and contract
  • the pin 102 returns to the position for engaging with the power pin 103. At this time, the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position.
  • the protection device 10 also includes a position sensor.
  • the position sensor detects that the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position, which means that the protection device 10 has been unlocked in place.
  • the protection device 10 generates a first unlock signal after being unlocked in place.
  • the battery replacement device 41 applies an external force to the lock link 2012 to drive the lock tongue 2011 to rotate to unlock.
  • the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack and moves the battery pack away from the locking mechanism 20.
  • the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack and moves it out from the bottom of the electric vehicle. So far, the unlocking process of the vehicle battery pack is completed.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for unlocking a vehicle battery pack, and the unlocking method is implemented by using the unlocking system for a vehicle battery pack of this embodiment.
  • the battery pack bracket of the vehicle is provided with a protection device 10 and a locking mechanism 20;
  • the locking mechanism 20 includes a lock linkage portion 201 and a lock base 202, and the lock linkage portion 201 moves relative to the lock base 202 to an unlocked state
  • the protection device 10 is provided on the movement path of the lock linkage portion 201 to align the lock linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202 Restrict or lift restrictions on movement.
  • the unlocking method includes the following steps:
  • Step S501 The battery replacement device 41 moves to a first predetermined position.
  • the first predetermined position is a position where the battery replacement device 41 can accurately unlock the unlocking protection device 10.
  • Step S502 The battery replacement device 41 unlocks the protection device 10 to release the restriction on the lock linkage portion 201.
  • Step S503 Determine whether the protection device 10 is unlocked in place; if so, move the locking linkage portion 201 to the unlocked state to unlock the locking mechanism 20.
  • Step S504 The battery replacement device 41 moves the battery pack away from the locking mechanism 20.
  • step S501 the battery replacement device 41 moves upward from below the battery pack holder and approaches the battery pack holder.
  • the photoelectric sensor provided below the battery replacement device 41 detects the distance between the battery replacement device 41 and the ground.
  • the height of the battery pack holder is a known value.
  • step S502 the battery replacement device 41 sends an unlock command to the control mechanism.
  • the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is attracted to the first electromagnetic induction element 104 to complete the transmission of the unlock command.
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to retract to the unlocked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the telescopic pin 102 and is applied to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction
  • the force of the telescopic pin 102 retracts, and the telescopic pin 102 will squeeze the first elastic element 105.
  • the first elastic element 105 provides a restoring force to the telescopic pin 102, making it expand and contract
  • the pin 102 returns to the position for engaging with the power pin 103. At this time, the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position.
  • step S503 the position sensor detects whether the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position to determine whether the protection device 10 is unlocked in place.
  • the position sensor detects that the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position, it means that the protection device 10 has been unlocked in place.
  • the protection device 10 generates a first unlock signal after being unlocked in place.
  • the battery replacement device 41 applies an external force to the lock link 2012 to drive the lock tongue 2011 to rotate to unlock.
  • step S504 the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack, and moves the battery pack away from the locking mechanism 20.
  • the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack and moves it out from the bottom of the electric vehicle. So far, the unlocking process of the vehicle battery pack is completed.
  • This embodiment can accurately control the unlocking action of the battery pack of the vehicle, improve the efficiency and accuracy of unlocking the battery pack, and reduce the battery replacement cost.
  • the locking system includes a battery replacement device 41, a protection device 10 provided on a battery pack bracket, and a locking mechanism 20.
  • the lock mechanism 20 includes a lock linkage portion 201 and a lock base 202.
  • the lock linkage portion 201 moves relative to the lock base 202 to switch between an unlocked state and a locked state, and the lock linkage portion 201 is in a locked state
  • the protection device 10 is provided on the movement path of the locking linkage portion 201 to restrict or release the restriction on the movement of the locking linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202.
  • the protection device 10 and the locking mechanism 20 of the locking system of this embodiment refer to the protection device 10 and the locking mechanism 20 of the unlocking system of the vehicle battery pack in the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is used to unlock the protection device 10 after driving the battery pack to the second predetermined position to release the restriction on the locking linkage 201.
  • the protection device 10 is used to generate a first command signal after being unlocked.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is also used to drive the battery pack into the locking mechanism 20 and move the locking linkage 201 to the locked state after receiving the first command signal.
  • the locking mechanism 20 is used to determine whether the locking linkage portion 201 is in the locked state, and if so, the locking mechanism 20 is also used to generate a first locking signal.
  • the battery replacement device 41 is used for locking the protection device 10 after receiving the first locking signal to restrict the locking linkage 201 from moving relative to the lock base 202.
  • the specific process of locking using the vehicle battery pack locking system of this embodiment is as follows: First, the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack and moves upward from below the battery pack holder, approaching the battery pack holder.
  • the photoelectric sensor provided below the battery replacement device 41 detects the distance between the battery replacement device 41 and the ground.
  • the height of the battery pack holder is a known value.
  • the second predetermined position is a position where the battery replacement device 41 can lock the battery pack.
  • the battery replacement device 41 unlocks the protection device 10 to release the restriction on the lock linkage portion 201.
  • the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is attracted to the first electromagnetic induction element 104 to complete the transmission of the unlock command.
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to retract to the unlocked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the telescopic pin 102 and is applied to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction
  • the force of the telescopic pin 102 retracts, and the telescopic pin 102 will squeeze the first elastic element 105.
  • the first elastic element 105 provides a restoring force to the telescopic pin 102, making it expand and contract
  • the pin 102 returns to the position for engaging with the power pin 103. At this time, the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position.
  • the position sensor detects whether the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocking position to determine whether the protection device 10 is unlocked in place.
  • the position sensor detects that the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position, it means that the protection device 10 has been unlocked in place.
  • the battery replacement device 41 controls the lock linkage portion 201 to move relative to the lock base 202 to open the opening.
  • the battery replacement device 41 drives the battery pack to move, so that the lock shaft of the battery pack enters the opening and moves to the locking point.
  • the locking mechanism 20 also includes a position sensor that detects whether the lock shaft of the battery pack reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism 20 to determine whether the locking linkage 201 is in the locked state.
  • the position sensor is a magnetic field sensor arranged in the cavity, and a magnetic steel is correspondingly arranged on the lock shaft of the battery pack.
  • the magnetic field sensor is used to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel of the lock shaft of the battery pack.
  • the magnetic field sensor senses the magnetic steel on the lock shaft to generate a magnetic field, and then generates a lock start signal, which indicates that the lock shaft has entered the cavity and reached The locking point of the locking mechanism 20.
  • the battery replacement device 41 drives the lock linkage portion 201 to move according to the lock activation signal to close the opening. The opening is closed, and the lock shaft of the battery pack is locked.
  • the locking mechanism 20 also includes a position detection device that detects whether the opening is in an open or closed state to determine whether the locking linkage 201 is in a locked state. If the opening is closed, the locking linkage 201 is in the locked state. Then the lock mechanism 20 generates a first lock signal.
  • the battery replacement device 41 sends a lock instruction to the control mechanism after receiving the first lock signal.
  • the external electromagnetic device provided on the battery replacement device 41 is separated from the first electromagnetic induction element 104, and the first electromagnetic induction element 104 no longer senses the magnetic field of the external electromagnetic device, that is, the transmission of the lock command is completed.
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to move to the locked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction close to the telescopic pin 102 to engage with the telescopic pin 102, so that the telescopic pin 102 In the extended state, the telescopic pin 102 is in the locked position.
  • the protection device 10 is locked to restrict the movement of the lock linkage portion 201 to form protection.
  • the locking process of the vehicle battery pack is completed.
  • This embodiment also provides a method for locking a vehicle battery pack, which is implemented by using the locking system for a vehicle battery pack of this embodiment.
  • the locking method includes the following steps:
  • Step S601 The battery replacement device drives the battery pack to move to a second predetermined position.
  • the second predetermined position is a position where the battery replacement device 41 can lock the battery pack.
  • Step S602 The battery replacement device unlocks the protection device to release the restriction on the locking linkage portion.
  • Step S603 Determine whether the protection device is unlocked in place; if it is, the battery replacement device drives the battery pack into the locking mechanism and moves the locking linkage part to the locked state.
  • Step S604 Determine whether the locking linkage portion is in the locked state; if so, the battery replacement device locks the protection device to restrict the locking linkage portion from moving relative to the lock base.
  • step S601 the battery replacement device 41 clamps the battery pack and moves upward from below the battery pack holder to approach the battery pack holder.
  • the photoelectric sensor provided below the battery replacement device 41 detects the distance between the battery replacement device 41 and the ground.
  • the height of the battery pack holder is a known value.
  • step S602 the battery replacement device 41 unlocks the protection device 10 to release the restriction on the lock linkage portion 201.
  • the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the external electromagnetic device on the battery replacement device 41 is attracted to the first electromagnetic induction element 104 to complete the transmission of the unlock command.
  • the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to retract to the unlocked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction away from the telescopic pin 102 and is applied to the telescopic pin 102 in the retracting direction
  • the force of the telescopic pin 102 retracts, and the telescopic pin 102 will squeeze the first elastic element 105.
  • the first elastic element 105 provides a restoring force to the telescopic pin 102, making it expand and contract
  • the pin 102 returns to the position for engaging with the power pin 103. At this time, the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position.
  • step S603 the position sensor detects whether the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position to determine whether the protection device 10 is unlocked in place.
  • the position sensor detects that the telescopic pin 102 is in the unlocked position, it means that the protection device 10 has been unlocked in place.
  • the battery replacement device 41 controls the lock linkage portion 201 to move relative to the lock base 202 to open the opening.
  • the battery replacement device 41 drives the battery pack to move, so that the lock shaft of the battery pack enters the opening and moves to the locking point.
  • the locking mechanism 20 also includes a position sensor that detects whether the lock shaft of the battery pack reaches the locking point of the locking mechanism 20 to determine whether the locking linkage 201 is in the locked state.
  • the position sensor is a magnetic field sensor arranged in the cavity, and a magnetic steel is correspondingly arranged on the lock shaft of the battery pack.
  • the magnetic field sensor is used to sense the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel of the lock shaft of the battery pack.
  • the magnetic field sensor senses the magnetic steel on the lock shaft to generate a magnetic field, and then generates a lock start signal, which indicates that the lock shaft has entered the cavity and reached The locking point of the locking mechanism 20.
  • the battery replacement device 41 drives the lock linkage portion 201 to move according to the lock activation signal to close the opening. The opening is closed, and the lock shaft of the battery pack is locked.
  • step S604 the position detection device of the locking mechanism 20 detects whether the opening is in an open or closed state to determine whether the locking linkage 201 is in a locked state. If the opening is closed, the locking linkage 201 is in the locked state. Then the lock mechanism 20 generates a first lock signal.
  • the battery replacement device 41 sends a lock instruction to the control mechanism after receiving the first lock signal.
  • the external electromagnetic device provided on the battery replacement device 41 is separated from the first electromagnetic induction element 104, and the first electromagnetic induction element 104 no longer senses the magnetic field of the external electromagnetic device, that is, the transmission of the lock command is completed. Then, the control mechanism controls the telescopic pin 102 to move to the locked position.
  • the power pin 103 moves in a direction close to the telescopic pin 102 to engage with the telescopic pin 102, so that the telescopic pin 102 In the extended state, the telescopic pin 102 is in the locked position.
  • the protection device 10 is locked to restrict the movement of the lock linkage portion 201 relative to the lock base 202 to form a protection. At this point, the locking process of the vehicle battery pack is completed.
  • This embodiment can accurately control the locking action of the battery pack of the vehicle, improve the efficiency and accuracy of locking the battery pack, and reduce the battery replacement cost.

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Abstract

一种车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统，其中解锁方法包括以下步骤：电池更换装置（41）移动至第一预定位置；电池更换装置（41）解锁保护装置（10）以解除对锁止联动部（201）的限制；判断保护装置（10）是否解锁到位；若是，移动锁止联动部（201）至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构（20）；电池更换装置（41）移动电池包离开锁止机构（20）。该车辆电池包解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统能够精确控制车辆电池包解锁、上锁的动作，提高了电池包解锁、上锁的效率和精度，降低了换电成本。

Description

车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统
本申请要求申请日为2019/5/13的中国专利申请2019103946520的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明属于电动车换电技术领域，尤其涉及一种车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统。
背景技术
电动车发展迅速，得到越来越广泛的应用。在电量不足时，用户可以将电动车驶入换电站更换电池包。电池包是否安装到位是换电是否成功的关键。电池包一般设置在电动车的底部。现有技术中，多为人工手动更换电池包，安装效率低，增加了用户的等待时间；并且，操作人员在汽车底部安装电池包时，存在安全隐患；另外，电池包重量较大，人工安装时，托举不稳，易发生安装不准确、不到位的情况。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中的为电动汽车更换电池包时，效率低、电池包安装不准确、不到位的缺陷，提供一种高效、高精度的车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题：
本发明提供一种车辆电池包的解锁方法，车辆的电池包支架上设置有保护装置和锁止机构；锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
解锁方法包括以下步骤：
电池更换装置移动至第一预定位置；
电池更换装置解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制；
移动锁止联动部至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构。
较佳地，所述移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构的步骤包括：
判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位，若是，移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
较佳地，所述移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态的步骤之后，所述解锁方法还包括以下步骤：
所述电池更换装置移动电池包离开所述锁止机构。
较佳地，保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动以对锁止联动部进行限制或解除限制，控制机构用于控制伸缩销移动，电池更换装置解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制包括以下步骤：
电池更换装置移动至第一预定位置后发送解锁指令至控制机构；
控制机构控制伸缩销缩回至解锁位置。
较佳地，保护装置还包括位置传感器；
在判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位的步骤中，
根据所述位置传感器检测保护装置是否解锁到位。
较佳地，锁止联动部包括锁舌和锁连杆，锁连杆用于在外力作用下带动锁舌旋转以解锁或锁止电池包；移动锁止联动部至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构包括：电池更换装置控制锁连杆带动锁舌旋转以解锁电池包。
本发明还提供一种车辆电池包的上锁方法，车辆的电池包支架上设置有保护装置和锁止机构；锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
上锁方法包括：
电池更换装置带动电池包移动至第二预定位置；
电池更换装置解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制；
电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动锁止联动部至上锁状态；
电池更换装置上锁保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
较佳地，所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态的步骤包括：
判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位，若是，所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态。
较佳地，所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动 的步骤包括：
判断所述锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态，若是，所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
较佳地，锁基座设有一开口以及自开口延伸的一空腔，开口用于供安装于电池包的锁轴进入空腔，锁止联动部相对锁基座移动以打开或关闭开口，以在解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动锁止联动部至上锁状态包括：
电池更换装置带动锁止联动部移动以打开开口；
电池更换装置带动电池包的锁轴进入开口并移动至锁定点；
电池更换装置带动锁止联动部移动以关闭开口。
较佳地，锁止机构还包括位置传感器，判断锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态包括：位置传感器检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构的锁定点。
较佳地，保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动，控制机构用于驱动伸缩销移动，电池更换装置上锁保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动包括：
电池更换装置发送上锁指令至控制机构；
控制机构控制伸缩销移动至锁止位置。
本发明还提供一种车辆电池包的解锁系统，包括电池更换装置、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置、锁止机构；锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
电池更换装置用于在移动至第一预定位置后解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制；
电池更换装置还用于移动锁止联动部至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构。
较佳地，所述保护装置还用于在解锁到位后生成第一解锁信号；
所述电池更换装置还用于根据所述第一解锁信号移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
较佳地，所述电池更换装置还用于在所述锁止机构解锁后移动电池包离开所述锁止机构。
较佳地，保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和 解锁位置之间移动以对锁止联动部进行限制或解除限制，控制机构用于控制伸缩销移动；
电池更换装置还用于在移动至第一预定位置后发送解锁指令至控制机构；
控制机构用于在接收到解锁指令后控制伸缩销缩回至解锁位置。
较佳地，保护装置还包括位置传感器，用于检测保护装置是否解锁到位。
较佳地，锁止联动部包括锁舌和锁连杆，锁连杆用于在外力作用下带动锁舌旋转以解锁或锁止电池包；电池更换装置还用于控制锁连杆带动锁舌旋转以解锁电池包。
本发明还提供一种车辆电池包的上锁系统，包括电池更换装置、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置、锁止机构；锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
电池更换装置用于在带动电池包移动至第二预定位置后解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制；
电池更换装置还用于带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动锁止联动部至上锁状态；
电池更换装置用于上锁保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
较佳地，所述保护装置用于在解锁到位后生成第一指令信号；
所述电池更换装置还用于在接收到所述第一指令信号后带动所述电池包进入所述锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态。
较佳地，所述锁止机构用于判断所述锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态，若是，则所述锁止机构还用于生成第一锁止信号；
所述电池更换装置用于在接收到所述第一锁止信号后上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
较佳地，锁基座设有一开口以及自开口延伸的一空腔，开口用于供安装于电池包的锁轴进入空腔，锁止联动部相对锁基座移动以打开或关闭开口，以在解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换；
电池更换装置还用于带动锁止联动部移动以打开开口；
电池更换装置还用于带动电池包的锁轴进入开口并移动至锁定点；电池更换装置还用于带动锁止联动部移动以关闭开口。
较佳地，锁止机构还包括位置传感器，位置传感器用于检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构的锁定点。
较佳地，保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动，控制机构用于驱动伸缩销移动；
电池更换装置还用于发送上锁指令至控制机构；
控制机构用于控制伸缩销移动至锁止位置。
较佳地，空腔内设置有磁场传感器，锁轴上设置有磁钢；磁场传感器用于感应磁钢产生的磁场，并用于在感应到磁场时生成锁止启动信号，锁止启动信号表征锁轴进入空腔；
所电池更换装置还用于根据锁止启动信号带动锁止联动部移动以关闭开口。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，所述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实施例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：本发明能够精确控制车辆电池包解锁、上锁的动作，提高了电池包解锁、上锁的效率和精度，降低了换电成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统的部分结构示意图。
图3为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中锁止机构的结构示意图。
图4为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置的整体结构示意图
图5为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置的截面结构示意图，其中，伸缩销处于伸出状态。
图6为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置的分解结构示意图。
图7为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置的另一截面结构示意图，其中，伸缩销处于缩回状态。
图8为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置中伸缩销的结构示意图。
图9为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统中保护装置中动力销的结构示意图。
图10为本发明的实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁方法的流程图。
图11为本发明的实施例2的车辆电池包的上锁系统的结构示意图。
图12为本发明的实施例2的车辆电池包的解锁方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过一较佳实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种车辆电池包的解锁系统，参照图1-图9，该解锁系统包括电池更换装置41、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置10、锁止机构20。锁止机构20包括锁止联动部201和锁基座202，锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部201处于上锁状态时锁止电池包。保护装置10设于锁止联动部201的移动路径上以对锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的移动进行限制或解除限制。电池更换装置41用于在移动至第一预定位置后解锁保护装置10以解除对锁止联动部201的限制，保护装置10还用于在解锁到位后生成第一解锁信号。电池更换装置41还用于根据第一解锁信号移动锁止联动部201至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构20。电池更换装置41还用于在锁止机构20解锁后移动电池包离开锁止机构20。
参照图2和图3予以理解，锁止机构20具有锁止联动部201和锁基座202，锁基座202设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔，所述开口用于供安装于所述电池包的锁轴(图中未标示出)进入所述空腔，所述锁止联动部201相对所述锁基座202移动以打开或关闭所述开口，以解锁或锁止所述锁轴。保护装置10设于锁止联动部201的移动路径上，用于限制锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的运动，以锁止所述锁轴，以实现锁紧电池包的功能。锁基座202和保护装置10分别连接于电池包支架30的同一边的相对两侧。
在本实施方式中，保护装置10能够限制锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的运动，从而能够提高锁止机构20的可靠性，减少或避免电池包脱落的现象的发生。
继续参照图2和图3予以理解，锁止联动部201包括锁舌2011和锁连杆2012，锁舌2011连接于锁连杆2012并能够相对于锁基座202旋转，锁连杆2012用于在外力作用下带动锁舌2011旋转以解锁或锁止所述锁轴。保护装置10能够相对于锁连杆2012在第三位置和第四位置之间移动。其中，当保护装置10位于所述第三位置时，保护装置10作用于锁连杆2012，以限制锁连杆2012相对于锁基座202的运动；当保护装置10位于所述第四位置时，保护装置10与锁连杆2012脱离，以允许锁连杆2012相对于锁基座202的运动。保护装置10设置于锁基座202中与所述电池包的锁轴相对的一侧。
在本实施方式中，保护装置10作用于锁连杆通过保护装置10的一部分压设于锁连杆的顶部实现。在其他可替代的实施方式中，也可以通过保护装置10的一部分抵接于锁连杆的侧面实现。
保护装置10包括伸缩销102、控制机构，伸缩销102相对于锁止联动部201在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动以对锁止联动部201进行限制或解除限制，控制机构用于控制伸缩销102移动。参照图4-6予以理解，保护装置10包括第一下壳体101和伸缩销102。第一下壳体101可拆卸连接锁基座202中与锁轴相对的一侧面，第一下壳体101的内部具有第一容置腔1011，下壳体的侧壁具有与第一容置腔1011相连通的贯穿孔1012。伸缩销102位于第一容置腔1011内，且伸缩销102穿设于贯穿孔1012，并能够在一伸出状态和一缩回状态之间切换。其中，伸缩销102处于伸出状态时，伸缩销102位于所述第三位置；伸缩销102处于缩回状态时，伸缩销102位于所述第四位置。通过控制伸缩销102的伸出和缩回来实现伸缩销102在第三位置和第四位置之间的切换，结构简单，便于实现。另外，如图2所示，电池包支架30上设有通孔301，伸缩销102通过通孔301在所述第三位置和所述第四位置之间切换。
参照图4-6予以理解，控制机构包括动力销103、第一电磁感应元件104和第一弹性元件105。动力销103作用于伸缩销102，动力销103能够相对于伸缩销102运动，以与伸缩销102相接合或相分离。第一电磁感应元件104设于动力销103，第一电磁感应元件104用于在外部电磁设备的作用下，带动动力销103施加给伸缩销102沿伸缩销102的缩回方向的作用力。第一弹性元件105连接于伸缩销102远离空腔的一端，第一弹性元件105抵接于伸缩销102与第一容置腔1011的内壁面之间，第一弹性元件105用于施加给伸缩销102沿伸缩销102的伸出方向的作用力。其中，当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103与伸缩销102相分离，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，以使伸缩销102处于缩回状态；当第一电磁感应元件104与外部电磁设备分离时，第一弹性元件105施加给伸缩销102沿伸出方向的作用力，动力销103与伸缩销102相接合，以使伸缩销102处于伸出状态。
在本实施方式中，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103朝着远离伸缩销102的方向运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，使得伸缩销102缩回，伸缩销102会挤压第一弹性元件105，当动力销103与伸缩销102完全分离后，第一弹性元件105向伸缩销102提供回复力，使得伸缩销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置，此时，伸缩销102处于解锁位置。当第一电 磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备分离时，动力销103朝着靠近伸缩销102的方向运动，以与伸缩销102接合，使得伸缩销102处于伸出状态，则伸缩销102处于锁止位置。另外，在本方案中，采用磁性吸合的方式来控制动力销103与伸缩销102的接合与分离，进而控制伸缩销102的伸出与缩回，控制方法简单，且控制效率较高。
参照图4-8予以理解，伸缩销102具有执行部1021和连接部1022。连接部1022连接于执行部1021远离空腔的一端，连接部1022具有第二容置腔1023，第二容置腔1023用于容置动力销103。其中，第一弹性元件105连接于连接部1022远离执行部1021的一端，第一弹性元件105抵接于连接部1022与第一容置腔1011的内壁面之间，第一弹性元件105施加给连接部1022沿伸出方向的作用力。当动力销103与伸缩销102接合时，动力销103靠近伸缩销102的一端卡合于第二容置腔1023，属于内嵌式连接，占用的空间较少。
本实施方式中，如图4-6所示，连接部1022的长度方向与动力销103的高度方向形成有第一夹角，且第一夹角等于90°，第二容置腔1023沿动力销103的高度方向延伸，以使动力销103相对于伸缩销102沿动力销103的高度方向运动。
需要说明的是，在其他可替代的实施方式中，第一夹角也可设置为大于0°且小于90°之间的任意角度。
参照图4-6和图9予以理解，动力销103沿其高度方向具有首端和尾端，动力销103的首端嵌设于第二容置腔1023，第一电磁感应元件104设于动力销103的尾端。第二容置腔1023的内壁面上具有第一倾斜部1024，动力销103的首端具有与第一倾斜部1024相适配的第二倾斜部1032。其中，动力销103与伸缩销102相接合时，第一倾斜部1024贴合于第二倾斜部1032；当动力销103与伸缩销102相分离时，第二倾斜部1032相对于第一倾斜部1024向下运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，以使伸缩销102处于缩回状态。
在本实施方式中，巧妙地利用第一倾斜部1024和第二倾斜部1032的配合，当动力销103朝着远离伸缩销102的方向运动时，第一倾斜部1024相对于第二倾斜部1032滑动，第一倾斜部1024施加给第二倾斜部1032的摩擦力可以分解为一沿缩回方向的分力，在该分力的作用下，伸缩销102缩回。
参照图6和图9予以理解，第二容置腔1023的内壁面上还具有凹陷部1025，动力销103的首端具有与凹陷部1025相适配的凸出部。第二容置腔1023的内壁面上具有两 个第一倾斜部1024，且两个第一倾斜部1024相对设置于凹陷部1025的两侧。
在本实施方式中，凹陷部1025能够对动力销103起到限位作用，有助于使得动力销103与伸缩销102的可靠接合，从而有助于实现伸缩销102的稳定伸出，从而有助于实现对锁轴的可靠锁止。
参照图5予以理解，第一电磁感应元件104嵌设于动力销103的尾端。如此设置使得第一电磁感应元件104不会在动力销103的外部额外占用空间，有利于提高空间利用率。另外，也有利于保护第一电磁感应元件104。
继续参照图4-6予以理解，动力销103的尾端套设有第二弹性元件106，第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103沿靠近连接部1022的方向的作用力；其中第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力大于动力销103的重力。在本实施方式中，当动力销103与伸缩销102接合时，第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力，能够使得动力销103不会在重力的作用下掉落，从而能够进一步提高动力销103与伸缩销102接合的可靠性。当需要动力销103朝着靠近伸缩销102的方向运动时，第二弹性元件106施加给动力销103的作用力能够克服动力销103的重力，从而使得动力销103能够较为可靠地朝着靠近伸缩销102的方向运动。
继续参照图3-6予以理解，保护装置10还包括第二下壳体107，第二下壳体107连接于第一下壳体101的底部，第二下壳体107具有第三容置腔1071，第三容置腔1071与第一容置腔1011相连通，动力销103位于第三容置腔1071内。第二下壳体107的中心轴线与第一下壳体101的中心轴线之间形成有第二夹角，第二夹角等于第一夹角。
在本实施方式中，参照图5-6和图9予以理解，动力销103的外壁面上与第二弹性元件106的两端相对应的位置处均设有阻挡部1031，第二弹性元件106卡设于两阻挡部1031之间。也就是说，在本实施方式中，第二弹性元件106整体套设在动力销103的外壁面，且第二弹性元件106为弹簧。其中，阻挡部1031的主要作用是对第二弹性元件106进行定位，以限制第二弹性元件106沿动力销103的高度方向的运动。
在其他可替代的实施方式中，第二弹性元件106也可以一部分套设在动力销103的外壁面、另一部分抵接与第二下壳体107，即，动力销103的外壁面上与第二弹性元件106的一端相对应的位置处设有阻挡部1031，第二弹性元件106卡设于阻挡部1031与第二下壳体107之间。
继续参照图3-6予以理解，保护装置10还包括上壳体108，上壳体108压设于并可拆卸连接于第一下壳体101。上壳体108能够对伸缩销102、动力销103等起到固定和保 护作用。上壳体108具有第四容置腔1081，第四容置腔1081内设有第一传感器1082，执行部1021上设有第二电磁感应元件1026。其中，第一传感器1082作用于第二电磁感应元件1026，以检测执行部1021处于伸出状态。第四容置腔1081内还设有第二传感器1083，第二传感器1083作用于第二电磁感应元件1026，以检测执行部1021处于缩回状态。其中，与第一传感器1082相比，第二传感器1083更靠近动力销103。通过第一传感器1082、第二传感器2083与第二电磁感应元件1026能够可靠地检测到伸缩销102何时处于伸出状态、缩回状态，有利于实现锁止机构20对车辆电池包的解锁和锁止。另外，在本实施方式中，第一电磁感应元件104和第二电磁感应元件1026均为磁钢。
在本实施方式中，保护装置10的数量为多个，且多个保护装置10用于均匀压设于锁连杆的顶部。另外，在本实施方式中，保护装置10采用电磁吸合动力销的方式实现伸缩销102的伸出和缩进，且伸缩销102的伸出和缩进在同一直线方向上。在其他可替代的实施方式中，可以采用其他驱动方式(非电磁驱动方式)实现伸缩销102的伸出和缩进，也可以将伸缩销102的行动路径设置为曲线，也可以采用其他非伸缩销102的结构，如曲柄机构、摇杆机构，来实现保护装置10在第三位置和第四位置之间的切换。
关于锁止机构20，参照图2和图3予以理解，锁止机构20包括三个锁基座202，锁连杆2012上连接有三个锁舌2011，三个锁舌2011与三个锁基座202一一对应设置。锁连杆2012朝向锁基座202的一侧还设有解锁块203，解锁块203为自锁连杆2012向外形成的弧形凸起，解锁块203的顶部为向锁连杆2012凹进的内弧槽。在本实施方式中，保护装置10作用在锁连杆的中部有利于提高锁连杆的稳定性，有利于提高保护装置10作用在锁止机构20上的可靠性，从而有利于提高锁止机构20对电池包的锁止可靠性。
该保护装置10能够限制锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的运动，从而能够提高锁止机构20的可靠性，减少或避免电池包脱落的现象的发生。
在本实施例中，电池更换装置41上还设置一距离传感器，该距离传感器用于检测电池更换装置41与锁止机构20之间的距离以判断电池更换装置41是否移动至第一预定位置。作为一种较佳的实施方式，距离传感器为光电传感器。该光电传感器设置于电池更换装置41的下方，光电传感器朝向地面，以检测电池更换装置41与地面的距离。电池更换装置41从电池包支架的下方向上移动，接近电池包支架。电池包支架的高度为已知数值。当电池更换装置41与地面的距离达到预设距离时，则表明电池更换装置41到达第一预定位置。第一预定位置是电池更换装置41能够对解锁保护装置10进行准确解锁的位置。
此时，电池更换装置41发送解锁指令至控制机构。具体实施时，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备通电而产生磁场，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104吸合，即完成了解锁指令的传输。
控制机构在接收到解锁指令后控制伸缩销102缩回至解锁位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103朝着远离伸缩销102的方向运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，使得伸缩销102缩回，伸缩销102会挤压第一弹性元件105，当动力销103与伸缩销102完全分离后，第一弹性元件105向伸缩销102提供回复力，使得伸缩销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置，此时，伸缩销102处于解锁位置。
保护装置10还包括位置传感器，位置传感器检测到伸缩销102处于解锁位置即表示保护装置10已解锁到位。保护装置10在解锁到位后生成第一解锁信号。
然后，电池更换装置41在接收到第一解锁信号后向锁连杆2012施加外力以带动锁舌2011旋转以解锁。
接下来，电池更换装置41夹紧电池包，并移动电池包离开锁止机构20。具体实施时，电池更换装置41夹持电池包从电动车的底部移出。至此，则完成了车辆电池包的解锁过程。
本实施例还提供一种车辆电池包的解锁方法，该解锁方法采用本实施例的车辆电池包的解锁系统实现。车辆的电池包支架上设置有保护装置10和锁止机构20；锁止机构20包括锁止联动部201和锁基座202，锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部201处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置10设于锁止联动部201的移动路径上以对锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的移动进行限制或解除限制。
参照图10，该解锁方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S501、电池更换装置41移动至第一预定位置。第一预定位置是电池更换装置41能够对解锁保护装置10进行准确解锁的位置。
步骤S502、电池更换装置41解锁保护装置10以解除对锁止联动部201的限制。
步骤S503、判断保护装置10是否解锁到位；若是，移动锁止联动部201至解锁状态以解锁锁止机构20。
步骤S504、电池更换装置41移动电池包离开锁止机构20。
具体实施时，在步骤S501中，电池更换装置41从电池包支架的下方向上移动，接 近电池包支架。设置于电池更换装置41的下方的光电传感器，检测电池更换装置41与地面的距离。电池包支架的高度为已知数值。当电池更换装置41与地面的距离达到预设距离时，则表明电池更换装置41到达第一预定位置。
在步骤S502中，电池更换装置41发送解锁指令至控制机构。具体实施时，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备通电而产生磁场，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104吸合，即完成了解锁指令的传输。控制机构在接收到解锁指令后控制伸缩销102缩回至解锁位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103朝着远离伸缩销102的方向运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，使得伸缩销102缩回，伸缩销102会挤压第一弹性元件105，当动力销103与伸缩销102完全分离后，第一弹性元件105向伸缩销102提供回复力，使得伸缩销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置，此时，伸缩销102处于解锁位置。
在步骤S503中，位置传感器检测伸缩销102是否处于解锁位置以判断保护装置10是否解锁到位。当位置传感器检测到伸缩销102处于解锁位置即表示保护装置10已解锁到位。保护装置10在解锁到位后生成第一解锁信号。然后，电池更换装置41在接收到第一解锁信号后向锁连杆2012施加外力以带动锁舌2011旋转以解锁。
接下来，在步骤S504中，电池更换装置41夹紧电池包，并移动电池包离开锁止机构20。具体实施时，电池更换装置41夹持电池包从电动车的底部移出。至此，则完成了车辆电池包的解锁过程。
本实施例能够精确控制车辆电池包解锁的动作，提高了电池包解锁的效率和精度，降低了换电成本。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种车辆电池包的上锁系统，参照图11，该上锁系统包括电池更换装置41、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置10、锁止机构20。锁止机构20包括锁止联动部201和锁基座202，锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，锁止联动部201处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；保护装置10设于锁止联动部201的移动路径上以对锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202的移动进行限制或解除限制。本实施例的上锁系统的保护装置10、锁止机构20参照实施例1的车辆电池包的解锁系统的保护装置10、锁止机构20，此处不再赘述。
电池更换装置41用于在带动电池包移动至第二预定位置后解锁保护装置10以解除 对锁止联动部201的限制。保护装置10用于在解锁到位后生成第一指令信号。电池更换装置41还用于在接收到第一指令信号后带动电池包进入锁止机构20并移动锁止联动部201至上锁状态。锁止机构20用于判断锁止联动部201是否位于上锁状态，若是，则锁止机构20还用于生成第一锁止信号。电池更换装置41用于在接收到第一锁止信号后上锁保护装置10以限制锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202移动。
采用本实施例的车辆电池包的上锁系统进行上锁的具体过程如下：首先，电池更换装置41夹持电池包从电池包支架的下方向上移动，接近电池包支架。设置于电池更换装置41的下方的光电传感器，检测电池更换装置41与地面的距离。电池包支架的高度为已知数值。当电池更换装置41与地面的距离达到预设距离时，则表明电池更换装置41到达第二预定位置。第二预定位置是电池更换装置41能够对电池包进行上锁的位置。
然后，电池更换装置41解锁保护装置10以解除对锁止联动部201的限制。具体实施时，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备通电而产生磁场，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104吸合，即完成了解锁指令的传输。控制机构在接收到解锁指令后控制伸缩销102缩回至解锁位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103朝着远离伸缩销102的方向运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，使得伸缩销102缩回，伸缩销102会挤压第一弹性元件105，当动力销103与伸缩销102完全分离后，第一弹性元件105向伸缩销102提供回复力，使得伸缩销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置，此时，伸缩销102处于解锁位置。
然后，位置传感器检测伸缩销102是否处于解锁位置以判断保护装置10是否解锁到位。当位置传感器检测到伸缩销102处于解锁位置即表示保护装置10已解锁到位。然后，电池更换装置41控制锁止联动部201相对所述锁基座202移动以打开该开口。然后，电池更换装置41带动电池包移动，使电池包的锁轴进入开口并移动至锁定点。锁止机构20还包括一位置传感器，该位置传感器检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构20的锁定点，以判断所述锁止联动部201是否位于上锁状态。作为一种较佳的实施例，该位置传感器为设置于空腔内的磁场传感器，电池包的锁轴上对应设置有磁钢。磁场传感器用于感应电池包锁轴的磁钢产生的磁场。当锁轴进入该空腔并到达锁止机构20的锁定点时，磁场传感器感应到锁轴上的磁钢出磁场，于是生成锁止启动信号，该锁止启动信号表征锁轴进入空腔到达锁止机构20的锁定点。接下来，电池更换装置41根据所述锁止启动信号带动锁止联动部201移动以关闭该开口。开口关闭，电池包的锁轴即被锁止。锁止机构 20还包括一位置检测装置，该位置检测装置检测该开口处于打开还是关闭状态，以判断锁止联动部201是否位于上锁状态。如果该开口关闭，则锁止联动部201位于上锁状态。则锁止机构20生成第一锁止信号。
电池更换装置41在接收到第一锁止信号后发送上锁指令至控制机构。具体实施时，设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104分离，第一电磁感应元件104不再感应到外部电磁设备的磁场，即完成上锁指令的传输。
然后，控制机构控制伸缩销102移动至锁止位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备分离时，动力销103朝着靠近伸缩销102的方向运动，以与伸缩销102接合，使得伸缩销102处于伸出状态，则伸缩销102处于锁止位置。此时，保护装置10上锁，限制锁止联动部201的移动，形成保护。至此，车辆电池包的上锁过程完成。
本实施例还提供一种车辆电池包的上锁方法，该上锁方法采用本实施例的车辆电池包的上锁系统实现。参照图12，该上锁方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S601、电池更换装置带动电池包移动至第二预定位置。第二预定位置是电池更换装置41能够对电池包进行上锁的位置。
步骤S602、电池更换装置解锁保护装置以解除对锁止联动部的限制。
步骤S603、判断保护装置是否解锁到位；若是，电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动锁止联动部至上锁状态。
步骤S604、判断锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态；若是，电池更换装置上锁保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
在步骤S601中，电池更换装置41夹持电池包从电池包支架的下方向上移动，接近电池包支架。设置于电池更换装置41的下方的光电传感器，检测电池更换装置41与地面的距离。电池包支架的高度为已知数值。当电池更换装置41与地面的距离达到预设距离时，则表明电池更换装置41到达第二预定位置。第二预定位置是电池更换装置41能够对电池包进行上锁的位置。
然后，在步骤S602中，电池更换装置41解锁保护装置10以解除对锁止联动部201的限制。具体实施时，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备通电而产生磁场，电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104吸合，即完成了解锁指令的传输。控制机构在接收到解锁指令后控制伸缩销102缩回至解锁位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备吸合时，动力销103朝着远离伸 缩销102的方向运动，并施加给伸缩销102沿缩回方向的作用力，使得伸缩销102缩回，伸缩销102会挤压第一弹性元件105，当动力销103与伸缩销102完全分离后，第一弹性元件105向伸缩销102提供回复力，使得伸缩销102回到用于与动力销103接合的位置，此时，伸缩销102处于解锁位置。
接下来，在步骤S603中，位置传感器检测伸缩销102是否处于解锁位置以判断保护装置10是否解锁到位。当位置传感器检测到伸缩销102处于解锁位置即表示保护装置10已解锁到位。然后，电池更换装置41控制锁止联动部201相对所述锁基座202移动以打开该开口。然后，电池更换装置41带动电池包移动，使电池包的锁轴进入该开口并移动至锁定点。锁止机构20还包括一位置传感器，该位置传感器检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构20的锁定点，以判断所述锁止联动部201是否位于上锁状态。作为一种较佳的实施例，该位置传感器为设置于空腔内的磁场传感器，电池包的锁轴上对应设置有磁钢。磁场传感器用于感应电池包锁轴的磁钢产生的磁场。当锁轴进入该空腔并到达锁止机构20的锁定点时，磁场传感器感应到锁轴上的磁钢出磁场，于是生成锁止启动信号，该锁止启动信号表征锁轴进入空腔到达锁止机构20的锁定点。接下来，电池更换装置41根据所述锁止启动信号带动锁止联动部201移动以关闭该开口。开口关闭，电池包的锁轴即被锁止。
在步骤S604中，锁止机构20的位置检测装置检测该开口处于打开还是关闭状态，以判断锁止联动部201是否位于上锁状态。如果该开口关闭，则锁止联动部201位于上锁状态。则锁止机构20生成第一锁止信号。电池更换装置41在接收到第一锁止信号后发送上锁指令至控制机构。具体实施时，设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备与第一电磁感应元件104分离，第一电磁感应元件104不再感应到外部电磁设备的磁场，即完成上锁指令的传输。然后，控制机构控制伸缩销102移动至锁止位置。具体实施时，当第一电磁感应元件104与设置于电池更换装置41上的外部电磁设备分离时，动力销103朝着靠近伸缩销102的方向运动，以与伸缩销102接合，使得伸缩销102处于伸出状态，则伸缩销102处于锁止位置。此时，保护装置10上锁，限制锁止联动部201相对于锁基座202移动，形成保护。至此，车辆电池包的上锁过程完成。
本实施例能够精确控制车辆电池包上锁的动作，提高了电池包上锁的效率和精度，降低了换电成本。
在本发明的描述中，一个实施例可能配有多张附图，同一实施例中的同一部件的附图标记不一定在每一张附图中均标出；但是本领域技术人员应当理解，在对实施例中的 某一张或多张附图进行描述的时候，可以结合该实施例中的其他附图加以理解；本领域技术人员应当理解，在未指明文字具体对应的是哪一张附图时，可以结合该实施例中的所有附图加以理解。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这些仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述车辆的电池包支架上设置有保护装置和锁止机构；所述锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，所述锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；所述保护装置设于所述锁止联动部的移动路径上以对所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
    所述解锁方法包括以下步骤：
    电池更换装置移动至第一预定位置；
    所述电池更换装置解锁所述保护装置以解除对所述锁止联动部的限制；
    移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构的步骤包括：
    判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位，若是，移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态的步骤之后，所述解锁方法还包括以下步骤：
    所述电池更换装置移动电池包离开所述锁止机构。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，所述伸缩销相对于所述锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动以对所述锁止联动部进行限制或解除限制，所述控制机构用于控制所述伸缩销移动，所述电池更换装置解锁所述保护装置以解除对所述锁止联动部的限制包括以下步骤：
    所述电池更换装置移动至所述第一预定位置后发送解锁指令至所述控制机构；
    所述控制机构控制所述伸缩销缩回至所述解锁位置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述保护装置还包括位置传感器；
    在判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位的步骤中，
    根据所述位置传感器检测所述保护装置是否解锁到位。
  6. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的解锁方法，其特征在于，所述 锁止联动部包括锁舌和锁连杆，所述锁连杆用于在外力作用下带动所述锁舌旋转以解锁或锁止所述电池包；移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构包括：所述电池更换装置控制所述锁连杆带动所述锁舌旋转以解锁所述电池包。
  7. 一种车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述车辆的电池包支架上设置有保护装置和锁止机构；所述锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，所述锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；所述保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
    所述上锁方法包括：
    电池更换装置带动电池包移动至第二预定位置；
    所述电池更换装置解锁所述保护装置以解除对所述锁止联动部的限制；
    所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态；
    所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态的步骤包括：
    判断所述保护装置是否解锁到位，若是，所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动的步骤包括：
    判断所述锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态，若是，所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
  10. 根据权利要求7～9中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔，所述开口用于供安装于所述电池包的锁轴进入所述空腔，所述锁止联动部相对所述锁基座移动以打开或关闭所述开口，以在所述解锁状态和所述上锁状态之间转换，所述电池更换装置带动电池包进入锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态包括：
    所述电池更换装置带动锁止联动部移动以打开所述开口；
    所述电池更换装置带动电池包的锁轴进入所述开口并移动至锁定点；
    所述电池更换装置带动锁止联动部移动以关闭所述开口。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述锁止机构还 包括位置传感器，判断所述锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态包括：所述位置传感器检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构的锁定点。
  12. 根据权利要求7～9中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的上锁方法，其特征在于，所述保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，所述伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动，所述控制机构用于驱动所述伸缩销移动，所述电池更换装置上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动包括：
    所述电池更换装置发送上锁指令至所述控制机构；
    所述控制机构控制所述伸缩销移动至所述锁止位置。
  13. 一种车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，包括电池更换装置、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置、锁止机构；所述锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，所述锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；所述保护装置设于所述锁止联动部的移动路径上以对所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
    所述电池更换装置用于在移动至第一预定位置后解锁所述保护装置以解除对所述锁止联动部的限制；
    所述电池更换装置还用于移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，所述保护装置还用于在解锁到位后生成第一解锁信号；
    所述电池更换装置还用于根据所述第一解锁信号移动所述锁止联动部至所述解锁状态以解锁所述锁止机构。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，所述电池更换装置还用于在所述锁止机构解锁后移动电池包离开所述锁止机构。
  16. 如权利要求13～15中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，所述保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，所述伸缩销相对于所述锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动以对所述锁止联动部进行限制或解除限制，所述控制机构用于控制所述伸缩销移动；
    所述电池更换装置还用于在移动至所述第一预定位置后发送解锁指令至所述控制机构；
    所述控制机构用于在接收到所述解锁指令后控制所述伸缩销缩回至所述解锁位置。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，所述保护装置还包 括位置传感器，用于检测所述保护装置是否解锁到位。
  18. 如权利要求13～15中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的解锁系统，其特征在于，所述锁止联动部包括锁舌和锁连杆，所述锁连杆用于在外力作用下带动所述锁舌旋转以解锁或锁止所述电池包；所述电池更换装置还用于控制所述锁连杆带动所述锁舌旋转以解锁所述电池包。
  19. 一种车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，包括电池更换装置、设置于电池包支架上的保护装置、锁止机构；所述锁止机构包括锁止联动部和锁基座，所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动以在一解锁状态和上锁状态之间转换，所述锁止联动部处于上锁状态时锁止电池包；所述保护装置设于锁止联动部的移动路径上以对所述锁止联动部相对于锁基座的移动进行限制或解除限制；
    所述电池更换装置用于在带动所述电池包移动至第二预定位置后解锁所述保护装置以解除对所述锁止联动部的限制；
    所述电池更换装置还用于带动所述电池包进入所述锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态；
    所述电池更换装置用于上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述保护装置用于在解锁到位后生成第一指令信号；
    所述电池更换装置还用于在接收到所述第一指令信号后带动所述电池包进入所述锁止机构并移动所述锁止联动部至所述上锁状态。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构用于判断所述锁止联动部是否位于上锁状态，若是，则所述锁止机构还用于生成第一锁止信号；
    所述电池更换装置用于在接收到所述第一锁止信号后上锁所述保护装置以限制锁止联动部相对于锁基座移动。
  22. 如权利要求19～21中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述锁基座设有一开口以及自所述开口延伸的一空腔，所述开口用于供安装于所述电池包的锁轴进入所述空腔，所述锁止联动部相对所述锁基座移动以打开或关闭所述开口，以在所述解锁状态和所述上锁状态之间转换；
    所述电池更换装置还用于带动锁止联动部移动以打开所述开口；
    所述电池更换装置还用于带动所述电池包的锁轴进入所述开口并移动至锁定点；所 述电池更换装置还用于带动所述锁止联动部移动以关闭所述开口。
  23. 如权利要求20所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述锁止机构还包括位置传感器，所述位置传感器用于检测电池包的锁轴是否到达锁止机构的锁定点。
  24. 如权利要求19～21中任意一项所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述保护装置包括伸缩销、控制机构，所述伸缩销相对于锁止联动部在锁止位置和解锁位置之间移动，所述控制机构用于驱动所述伸缩销移动；
    所述电池更换装置还用于发送上锁指令至所述控制机构；
    所述控制机构用于控制所述伸缩销移动至所述锁止位置。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的车辆电池包的上锁系统，其特征在于，所述空腔内设置有磁场传感器，所述锁轴上设置有磁钢；所述磁场传感器用于感应所述磁钢产生的磁场，并用于在感应到所述磁场时生成锁止启动信号，所述锁止启动信号表征所述锁轴进入所述空腔；
    所电池更换装置还用于根据所述锁止启动信号带动锁止联动部移动以关闭所述开口。
PCT/CN2020/089977 2019-05-13 2020-05-13 车辆电池包的解锁方法和系统、上锁方法和系统 WO2020228731A1 (zh)

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CN113715687A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2021-11-30 北京胜能能源科技有限公司 车辆电池状态的检测方法、装置、电子设备和车辆
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