WO2020228275A1 - 辐射结构及阵列天线 - Google Patents

辐射结构及阵列天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020228275A1
WO2020228275A1 PCT/CN2019/117111 CN2019117111W WO2020228275A1 WO 2020228275 A1 WO2020228275 A1 WO 2020228275A1 CN 2019117111 W CN2019117111 W CN 2019117111W WO 2020228275 A1 WO2020228275 A1 WO 2020228275A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiating
radiation
antenna
sheet
slit
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/117111
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李明超
吕鹏飞
宋建平
Original Assignee
京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
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Priority to EP19928598.2A priority Critical patent/EP3968458B1/en
Publication of WO2020228275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228275A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of mobile communication antennas, in particular to a radiation structure, a microstrip antenna unit and an array antenna.
  • the communication system proposes the miniaturization and lightweight of antennas. higher requirement.
  • the first problem to be solved in 5G communication technology is how to realize the design of large-scale and lightweight array antennas.
  • the distance between the antennas is large and the mutual coupling is weak. Therefore, it is often possible to use metal die-cast oscillators with relatively stable structural performance, but often larger volume and mass; however, in 5G massive MIMO systems
  • the base station needs to deploy a large number of array antenna units in a given space, and the total weight of the AAU equipment formed by the integration of the base station main equipment and the antenna also poses a greater challenge to the load-bearing capacity of the pole; at this time, the traditional base station antenna Due to its large size and heavy mass, the die-cast vibrator is no longer suitable for communication system requirements; and traditional die-cast vibrators are used in 5G large-scale dense arrays. Due to their large size and obvious mutual coupling effect, antenna performance will deteriorate.
  • the microstrip antenna itself has the advantages of low profile and light weight, and is more suitable for use in 5G large-scale array antennas.
  • the main measure of the microstrip antenna is to adopt a double-layer patch solution, that is, the radiation patch is added to the parasitic patch, and each layer of patch passes through a plastic card
  • the components are interconnected and fastened to the reflector, or each layer of patch is printed on the multilayer PCB, which leads to the corresponding performance of the existing microstrip antenna, which also causes the increase of the array antenna components and the complex assembly , The profile becomes higher.
  • the primary purpose of this application is to provide a radiating structure suitable for development in the 5G era, with a simple structure and low profile characteristics.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide an array antenna including the above-mentioned radiation structure.
  • the present application relates to a radiating structure, including a radiating sheet, a radiating slit is opened in the middle of the radiating sheet, and the radiating slit includes a transverse slit and a longitudinal slit communicating with each other and being cross-orthogonal.
  • the length of the slit and the longitudinal slit are both smaller than the length of the radiating sheet in the extending direction of the corresponding radiation slit.
  • transverse slit and the longitudinal slit respectively extend along the polarization direction of the radiation structure at an angle of ⁇ 45°.
  • the vector composite length of the adjacent slits of the radiation slit in the polarization direction between the adjacent slits is not less than the length of the radiating plate in the polarization direction.
  • At least one groove is opened on the outer edge of the radiating sheet, and the groove is not connected to the radiating gap.
  • the groove is arranged corresponding to the end of the radiation slot.
  • the groove includes a notch portion extending inward from the outer edge of the radiating sheet and an elongated portion perpendicular to and communicating with the notch portion.
  • it also includes a feeding column for connecting the radiating sheet and the feeding network.
  • each group of the power feeding columns includes two power feeding columns arranged along the axis of the polarization direction.
  • the power feeding column and the radiating sheet are integrally formed; or the power feeding column and the radiating sheet are welded or clamped to be connected.
  • the radiating sheet is provided with several hollow structures.
  • the present application also relates to an array antenna, including a reflector and at least one antenna array provided on the reflector, and each antenna array is provided with multiple radiating structures as described above.
  • a decoupling isolation strip is arranged between two adjacent antenna arrays.
  • the radiation sheet by adding a radiation slot on the radiation sheet, the radiation sheet has radiation generated between its own outer edge and the antenna reflector, and also increases the radiation of the radiation slot, so that the radiation structure is
  • two types of radiation can be generated simultaneously, achieving the effect of polarization vector superposition enhancement, and by increasing the external radiation window of the radiator, the Q value of the microstrip radiating structure can be reduced, which is conducive to broadening the working frequency band;
  • the opening of the radiation slot can play a role in restricting the current distribution, thereby improving the polarization purity of the radiation field, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the antenna cross-polarization suppression ratio. That is, only one layer of radiating sheet can achieve the same radiation efficiency and radiation gain of the traditional antenna with the multilayer patch structure, thereby reducing the use of parts, the structure is simple, and the antenna profile can be reduced, which is conducive to miniaturization .
  • the radiating structure of the present application mutually connected horizontal slits and longitudinal slits are provided on the radiating plate, which can reduce the common body in the two polarization directions on the radiating plate, so as to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two polarizations. Therefore, the isolation between the two polarization directions of the radiating structure can be improved.
  • the radiation structure of the present application by arranging grooves on the outer edge of the radiation plate, the equivalent electrical length of the outer edge of the radiation plate can be extended.
  • the radiation structure of the present application The projected area size of the radiation sheet is small, which can further reduce the common body between the two polarization directions of the radiation sheet, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the isolation between the polarization ports of adjacent radiation structures in the array.
  • a radiating slit is provided on the radiating sheet, and the radiation generated by the radiating slit and the inherent outer edge radiation of the radiating sheet are merged through the feed column to form a parallel structure, so that the microstrip antenna
  • the unit has a wide working frequency band; in addition, the connection between the radiating structure and the feeding structure does not require additional components for fastening and interconnection, and the antenna components are small to achieve the effect of miniaturization, low profile, and light weight; and through a A radiating sheet with a simple layer structure can achieve the bandwidth required by the microstrip antenna, which can improve the isolation of the microstrip antenna, thereby increasing the radiation gain of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the radiation structure of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a microstrip antenna unit of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna sub-module in the array antenna of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an array antenna according to this application.
  • Figure 6 is a simulation curve diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio of the microstrip antenna unit of the application in the working frequency band
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the isolation of the same polarization port of the array antenna of the application.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the isolation of different polarization ports of the array antenna of the present application.
  • This application relates to a radiation structure, which is mainly applied to the field of mobile communication antennas.
  • the radiation structure 1 By applying the radiation structure 1 to the antenna structure, the polarization isolation of the antenna can be improved.
  • the structure is simple and has The low profile feature is conducive to miniaturization and can provide reliable resources for the refined and deep coverage of mobile communication networks and the development of the 5G era.
  • the radiating structure 1 includes a radiating sheet 11 and a feeding column 14 for connecting the radiating sheet 11 and a feeding network (please refer to FIG. 3 ).
  • the radiation sheet 11 can be a PCB or a metal sheet with an etched circuit, and a radiation gap 12 is opened in the middle of the radiation sheet 11.
  • the radiation slot 12 includes a transverse slot 121 and a longitudinal slot 122 that are connected to each other and form a cross and orthogonal, and the lengths of the transverse slot 121 and the longitudinal slot 122 are both smaller than that of the radiation sheet 11 extending in the corresponding radiation slot 12.
  • the length in the direction, that is, the radiation gap 12 is a closed structure.
  • the external radiation window of the radiating structure 1 can be increased, thereby reducing the Q value (Quality factor) of the antenna adopting the radiating structure 1, which is beneficial to Broaden the working frequency band.
  • opening a slit on the radiating sheet 11 can also extend the path of the circuit distribution, reduce the resonance frequency of the radiating structure 1, and achieve the purpose of miniaturization.
  • the transverse slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 arranged in a cross orthogonally can constrain the current distribution, forming two current modes with close resonant frequencies, realizing the design purpose of broadband; at the same time, the radiation slit 12 arranged in a cross shape can constrain the current.
  • the distribution can also improve the polarization purity of the radiation field and achieve the purpose of improving the cross-polarization suppression ratio.
  • the horizontal slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 of the radiation slit 12 respectively extend along the polarization direction of the radiator 11 at an angle of ⁇ 45°, and the horizontal slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 are mutually Connection, so as to reduce the common body between the two polarization directions on the radiating sheet 11, so as to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two polarization directions, thereby improving the radiating structure 1 between the two polarization directions.
  • the isolation is
  • the radiation from adjacent slits of the radiation slit 12 can be synthesized into radiation along the polarization direction between adjacent slits through vector synthesis, and the combined length of the radiation is not less than that of the radiation plate 11
  • the length in the polarization direction can thereby superimpose the radiation synthesized by the radiation slits 12 of the cross structure to the radiation along the polarization direction, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.
  • the intersection point of the lateral slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 is located at the geometric center of the radiator 11, and the lengths of the lateral slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 are both 0.7 ⁇ , where ⁇ and the antenna working center Frequency-dependent, the vector combined radiation length of the transverse slit 121 and the longitudinal slit 122 with a length of 0.7 ⁇ in the polarization direction between the two is equal to the length of the radiator 11 in the polarization direction.
  • the radiation of the cross structure in addition to the radiation generated between the inherent outer edge of the radiation sheet 11 and the reflector 300, the radiation of the cross structure can be added by opening the radiation slit 12 on the radiation sheet 11, so that the radiation
  • the radiating structure 1 can generate two kinds of radiation simultaneously, so as to achieve the effect of polarization vector superposition enhancement, improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit, and thereby increase the radiation gain of the antenna. Therefore, only one radiating sheet 11 can achieve the same radiation efficiency and radiation gain as the traditional antenna adopting the multilayer patch structure, which can reduce the use of antenna components, the structure is simple, and the antenna profile can be reduced, which is beneficial to the realization of antenna miniaturization. .
  • the length or shape of the transverse slot 121 and the longitudinal slot 122 of the radiation slot 12 can also be changed to reduce errors caused by environmental or processing factors in actual processing and production, and to ensure that the antenna is in the plane of symmetry.
  • the symmetry of the pattern of the antenna ensures the radiation efficiency of the antenna and improves the gain of the antenna.
  • the radiating sheet 11 may have a symmetrical structure such as a square or a circle, or the radiating sheet 11 may be further provided with a hollow structure that is not connected to the radiation gap 12, thereby reducing the The weight of the radiating sheet 11 can realize the simple structure and light weight of the antenna unit with the radiating structure 1. In addition, it is helpful to reduce the mutual coupling between the radiating structures 1. To enhance the isolation and improve the role of the pattern.
  • the outer edge of the radiating sheet 11 is provided with at least one groove 13, and the groove 13 is not connected with the radiation gap 12.
  • the grooves 13 in this embodiment are provided with four ends of the radiation slots 12 corresponding to the cross structure, that is, the grooves 13 are located in the angle region between the two polarization directions of the radiation plate 11.
  • the size of the groove should be less than Among them, ⁇ is related to the working center frequency of the antenna.
  • the equivalent electrical length of the outer edge of the radiating sheet 11 can be extended.
  • the projection of the radiating sheet 11 of the present application is The area size is small, reducing the weight of the radiating sheet, can further reduce the common body between the two polarization directions of the radiating sheet 11, so as to improve the gap between the polarization ports of adjacent radiating structures 1 in the array.
  • the purpose of isolation is small, reducing the weight of the radiating sheet, can further reduce the common body between the two polarization directions of the radiating sheet 11, so as to improve the gap between the polarization ports of adjacent radiating structures 1 in the array.
  • the groove 13 includes a notch 131 and an elongated portion 132 communicating with the notch 131.
  • the notch 131 is formed by extending inwardly from the outer edge of the radiating sheet 11, and the elongated portion 132 is connected to the notch 131.
  • the 131 is vertically arranged, and the length of the edge of the groove 13 can be further extended by opening the elongated portion 132 communicating with the notch 131 to further extend the equivalent electrical length of the outer edge of the radiating sheet 11.
  • the purpose of adjusting the radiation of the radiation sheet 11 in different polarization directions can also be achieved by adjusting the opening position of the elongated portion 132.
  • the feeding poles 14 are provided in two groups corresponding to the two polarization directions of the radiator 11, and each group of the feeding poles 14 includes two poles along the corresponding polarization direction. Axis-aligned power supply column 14. Further, the position and length of the feeding column 14 can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The position of the feeding column 14 is adjusted to achieve the purpose of improving the symmetry of the antenna radiation pattern.
  • the power feeding column 14 and the radiating sheet 11 are integrally formed, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the power feeding structure 2 and the radiating structure 1.
  • the feeding column 14 and the radiating sheet 11 can be connected by welding or snapping, which is convenient for production and processing.
  • the present application also relates to a microstrip antenna unit, please refer to FIG. 3, which includes a feeding structure 2 and a radiating structure 1 electrically connected to the feeding structure 2.
  • the radiating structure is the radiating structure mentioned above 1.
  • the feed structure 2 includes a feed network 21, which includes a dielectric substrate 212 and a feed line 211 arranged on the dielectric substrate 212 and connected to the feed post 14, the dielectric substrate 212 is A grounding layer 213 is connected to the side where the feeder line 211 is provided. Specifically, the grounding layer 213 in this embodiment is a metal floor.
  • the dielectric substrate 212 of the feed network 21 is a PCB board with a thickness of 1 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.0.
  • the radiating structure 1 includes a radiating sheet 11 and a feeding column 14 for connecting the radiating sheet 11 and the feeding network 21, and the feeding line 211 is directly electrically connected to the feeding column 14 to realize the
  • the feed of the microstrip antenna unit 100 has a simple structure, no parts are required, and a low profile of the antenna can be realized, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the radiation generated between the outer edge of the radiation sheet 11 and the reflector 300 and the radiation generated by the radiation gap 12 are in a parallel structure relationship, and the radiation currents generated by the two can be combined in the feeding column 14 to achieve power feeding.
  • the purpose of parallel resonance is to achieve the effect of widening the working bandwidth.
  • the microstrip antenna unit 100 of the present application is compared with traditional microstrip antennas by providing a radiation slot 12 on the radiation sheet 11, and the radiation generated by the radiation slot 12 is different from the inherent outer edge radiation of the radiation sheet 11 itself.
  • the feed column 14 is combined to form a parallel structure, so that the microstrip antenna unit 100 has a wider operating frequency band; in addition, the connection between the radiating structure 1 and the feed structure 2 does not require additional components for fastening and interconnection.
  • the antenna components are small to achieve the effects of miniaturization, low profile, and light weight; and the bandwidth required by the microstrip antenna can be realized through a layer of radiating sheet 11 with a simple structure, which can improve the isolation of the microstrip antenna, thereby increasing the antenna ⁇ radiation gain.
  • This application also relates to an array antenna, please refer to Figures 4 and 5, which includes a reflector 300 and at least one antenna array provided on the reflector 300, and the antenna array includes a plurality of the above-mentioned microstrip antennas. Unit 100.
  • each of the antenna arrays has at least one sub-module (not labeled in the figure), and each of the sub-modules includes a microstrip antenna unit 100 connected by a plurality of feed networks 21, and The feeder network 21 of the microstrip antenna unit 100 in the sub-module is connected by a microstrip line/strip line power division network (not marked in the figure) or a coaxial feeder.
  • the +45° polarization feeder network 21 of each microstrip antenna unit 100 The input terminal of the microstrip antenna unit 100 is electrically connected through a one-point N power division network, and the input terminal of the -45° polarized feed network 21 of each microstrip antenna unit 100 is electrically connected through a one-point N power division network.
  • a decoupling isolation strip 200 is provided between the antenna arrays of two adjacent columns, which can reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna sub-modules in the antenna working frequency band, thereby improving the isolation of the antenna sub-modules between adjacent columns. , And has little impact on other performance indicators of the antenna.
  • FIG. 6 shows a simulation curve of the voltage standing wave ratio of the microstrip antenna unit 100 of the present application in the working frequency band, which shows that the microstrip antenna unit 100 has an impedance of more than 20% when the standing wave ratio is less than 2.
  • Bandwidth which can indicate that the microstrip antenna unit 100 has a wider impedance bandwidth under the premise of ensuring the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the isolation curve of the co-polarization port of the array antenna of the present application, that is, the co-polarization isolation is greater than 23dB in the frequency range of 2.30GHz-3.00GHz.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the isolation curve of the different polarization ports of the array antenna of the present application, that is, in the frequency range of 2.30GHz-3.00GHz, the co-polarization isolation is greater than 35dB.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供一种辐射结构及阵列天线，其中，所述辐射结构包括中部设有辐射缝隙的辐射片，所述辐射缝隙包括相互连通并呈十字正交的横向缝隙和纵向缝隙，所述横向缝隙和纵向缝隙的长度均小于辐射片在对应辐射缝隙延伸方向上的长度。通过在辐射片上增设辐射缝隙，使得该辐射结构在天线系统中工作时可同步产生两种辐射，达到极化矢量叠加增强的效果，从而仅用一层辐射片便可达到传统天线中采用多层贴片结构的同等辐射效率及辐射增益，从而减少了零部件的使用，结构简单，并可降低天线剖面，有利于实现天线小型化。

Description

辐射结构及阵列天线 技术领域
本申请涉及移动通信天线领域，尤其涉及一种辐射结构、微带天线单元及阵列天线。
背景技术
随着移动通信网络的精细化深度覆盖、5G网络的试商用、未来的大规模阵列天线的部署以及基站主设备及天线朝逐步融合的方向发展，通信系统对天线的小型化、轻量化提出了更高的要求。
在5G通信技术中首要解决问题是如何实现大规模、轻量化的阵列天线设计。传统的MIMO系统中，天线之间的距离较大，相互间的耦合弱，因此往往可以采用结构性能相对很稳定，但体积和质量往往较大的金属压铸振子；然而在5G的大规模MIMO系统中，基站需要在既定的空间内部署大量的阵列天线单元，并且基站主设备与天线集成后构成的AAU设备总重量对抱杆的承重能力也提出了较大的挑战；此时，传统基站天线的压铸振子由于体积大，且质量重，因此已不适应通信系统需求；并且传统压铸振子用于5G大规模的密集阵列中，由于体积大，互耦效应明显，会造成天线性能的恶化。
微带天线本身具有剖面低，重量轻的优势，较为合适用于5G大规模阵列天线中。为解决互耦效应，即天线端口间的隔离度问题，或者是解决工作带宽问题，微带天线主要措施是采用双层贴片方案，即辐射片加以寄生贴片，各层贴片通过塑料卡件互连以及紧固到反射板上，或者是各层贴片印制在多层PCB板上，从而导致现有的微带天线在获得相应性能的同时也会造成阵列天线零件增多、装配复杂、剖面变高等问题。
发明内容
本申请的首要目的旨在提供一种适于5G时代发展且结构简单、具有低剖面特性的辐射结构。
本申请的另一目的旨在提供一种包括上述辐射结构的阵列天线。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供以下技术方案：
作为第一方面，本申请涉及一种辐射结构，包括辐射片，所述辐射片的中部开设有辐射缝隙，所述辐射缝隙包括相互连通并呈十字正交的横向缝隙和纵向缝隙，所述横向缝隙和纵向缝隙的长度均小于辐射片在对应辐射缝隙延伸方向上的长度。
进一步设置：所述横向缝隙和纵向缝隙分别沿该辐射结构的极化方向成±45°夹角的方向延伸。
进一设置：所述辐射缝隙的相邻缝隙在该相邻缝隙之间的极化方向上的矢量合成长度不小于所述辐射片在该极化方向上的长度。
进一步设置：所述辐射片的外边缘开设有至少一个凹槽，且所述凹槽与所述辐射缝隙不连通。
进一步设置：所述凹槽对应所述辐射缝隙的端部设置。
进一步设置：所述凹槽包括由所述辐射片的外边缘向内延伸的缺口部和垂直于所述缺口部并与之连通的加长部。
进一步设置：还包括用于连接所述辐射片与馈电网络的馈电柱。
进一步设置：所述馈电柱对应辐射片的两个极化方向设有两组，且每组所述馈电柱包括两根沿极化方向的轴线排列的馈电柱。
进一步设置：所述馈电柱与所述辐射片一体成型；或者所述馈电柱与所述辐射片焊接或者卡合而连接。
进一步设置：所述辐射片设有若干镂空结构。
作为第二方面，本申请还涉及一种阵列天线，包括反射板及设于反射板上的至少一个天线阵列，每个所述天线阵列设置多个如上所述的辐射结构。
进一步设置：相邻两列天线阵列之间设有去耦隔离条。
相比现有技术，本申请的方案具有以下优点：
1.本申请的辐射结构中，通过在辐射片上增设辐射缝隙，该辐射片在具有其自身外边缘与天线反射板之间产生的辐射外，还增加了辐射缝隙的辐射，使得该辐射结构在天线系统中工作时，可同步产生两种辐射，达到了极化矢量叠加增强的效果，并且通过增加辐射片的对外辐射窗口，可降低微带辐射结构的Q值，有利于拓宽工作频段；通过开设辐射缝隙，可起到约束电流分布的作用，从而提高辐射场的极化纯度，进而达到提升天线交叉极化抑制比的目的。即仅用一层辐射片便可达到传统天线中采用多层贴片结构的同等辐射效率及辐射增益，从而减少了零部件的使用，结构简单，并可降低天线剖面，有利于实现天线小型化。
2.本申请的辐射结构中，在辐射片上开设相互连通的横向缝隙和纵向缝隙，可减少辐射片上两个极化方向上的公共体，以达到减少两个极化之间的电磁耦合的目的，从而可提高该辐射结构的两个极化方向之间的隔离度。
3.本申请的辐射结构中，通过在辐射片的外边缘设置凹槽，可延长所述辐射片外边缘的等效电长度，与传统的微带天线单元的辐射结构相比，本申请的辐射片的投影面积尺寸较小，可进一步减少所述辐射片的两个极化方向之间的公共体，从而达到提高在阵列中相邻辐射结构各个极化端口之间的隔离度的目的。
4.本申请的辐射结构中，通过在辐射片上设置辐射缝隙，并使辐射缝隙产生的辐射与辐射片自身固有的外边缘辐射之间通过馈电柱汇合以构成并联结构，使得该微带天线单元具有较宽的工作频带；此外辐射结构与馈电结构的连接无需加设额外零部件进行紧固与互连，天线部件少，以达到小型化、低剖面、轻量化的效果；并且通过一层结构简单的辐射片即可实现微带天线所需要的带宽，可提高微带天线的隔离度，进而提高天线的辐射增益。
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，这些将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请辐射结构的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2a-图2c为本申请辐射结构的多种实施结构的示意图；
图3为本申请微带天线单元的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图4为本申请阵列天线中的一个天线子模块的结构示意图；
图5为本申请阵列天线一个实施例的结构示意图；
图6为本申请微带天线单元在工作频段内的电压驻波比仿真曲线图；
图7为本申请阵列天线同极化端口隔离度曲线图；
图8为本申请阵列天线异极化端口隔离度曲线图。
图中，1、辐射结构；11、辐射片；12、辐射缝隙；121、横向缝隙；122、纵向缝隙；13、凹槽；131、缺口部；132、加长部；14、馈电柱；2、馈电结构；21、馈电网络；211、馈电线路；212、介质基板；213、接地层；100、微带天线单元；200、去耦隔离条；300、反射板。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能解释为对本申请的限制。
请参见图1至图8，本申请涉及一种辐射结构，主要应用于移动通信天线领域，通过将该辐射结构1应用于天线结构中，可提高该天线的极化隔离度，结构简单，具有低剖面特性，有利于实现小型化，可为移动通信网络的精细化深度覆盖和5G时代的发展提供可靠的资源。
请结合图1，所述辐射结构1包括辐射片11及用于连接所述辐射片11与馈电网络的馈电柱14(请结合图3)。其中，所述辐射片11可采用蚀刻电路的PCB或金属片，且所述辐射片11的中部开设有辐射缝隙12。
优选地，所述辐射缝隙12包括相互连通并成十字正交的横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122，并且所述横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122的长度均小于所 述辐射片11在对应辐射缝隙12延伸方向上的长度，即所述辐射缝隙12为封闭结构。
通过在所述辐射片11上开设具有封闭结构的辐射缝隙12可增加该辐射结构1的对外辐射窗口，从而可降低采用该辐射结构1的天线的Q值(Quality factor，品质因数)，有利于拓宽工作频段。并且在辐射片11上开设缝隙还可延长电路分布的路径，降低辐射结构1的谐振频率，达到小型化设计目的。此外，成十字正交设置的横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122可以约束电流分布，形成两种谐振频率接近的电流模式，实现宽带化的设计目的；同时通过成十字型设置的辐射缝隙12可约束电流分布，还可以提高辐射场的极化纯度，起到提升交叉极化抑制比的目的。
作为一个优选的实施例中，所述辐射缝隙12的横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122分别沿该辐射片11的极化方向成±45°夹角的方向延伸，并且横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122相互连通，从而可减少辐射片11上两个极化方向之间的公共体，以达到减少两个极化方向之间电磁耦合的目的，从而可提高该辐射结构1的两个极化方向之间的隔离度。
作为进一步优选的实施例，所述辐射缝隙12的相邻缝隙的辐射可通过矢量合成为沿相邻缝隙之间的极化方向上的辐射，且其合成长度不小于所述辐射片11在该极化方向上的长度，从而可将十字结构的辐射缝隙12矢量合成的辐射叠加至沿极化方向上的辐射，进而提高辐射效率。优选地，在本实施例中，所述横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122的相交点位于辐射片11的几何中心，且横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122的长度均为0.7λ，其中λ与天线工作中心频率相关，长度均为0.7λ的横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122在两者之间的极化方向上的矢量合成辐射长度等于辐射片11在该极化方向上的长度。
在本申请的辐射结构中，除了所述辐射片11自身固有的外边缘与反射板300之间产生的辐射之外，通过在辐射片11上开设辐射缝隙12可增设十字结构的辐射，使得该辐射结构1可同步产生两种辐射，从而达到极化矢量叠加增强的效果，提高了天线单元的辐射效率，进而提高了天线的辐射增益。从而仅用一个辐射片11便可达到传统天线中采用多层贴片结 构的同等辐射效率及辐射增益，可减少天线零部件的使用，结构简单，并可降低天线剖面，有利于实现天线小型化。
作为一个优选的实施例中，还可改变所述辐射缝隙12的横向缝隙121和纵向缝隙122的长度或形状，以降低实际加工生产中由于环境因素或加工因素导致的误差，确保天线对称平面中的方向图的对称性，从而确保天线的辐射效率及提高天线的增益。
此外，请结合图2a-图2c，所述辐射片11可为方形或圆形等对称结构，或者所述辐射片11上可以进一步设置与辐射缝隙12未连通的镂空结构，从而可降低所述辐射片11的重量，以实现具有该辐射结构1的天线单元的结构简洁、重量轻的作用，此外，在单元间距较近的阵列天线设计中有利于降低辐射结构1之间的相互耦合，起到提升隔离度和改善方向图的作用。
作为一个优选的实施例中，所述辐射片11的外边缘设有至少一个凹槽13，并且所述凹槽13与所述辐射缝隙12不连通。优选地，本实施例中的凹槽13对应是呈十字结构的辐射缝隙12的端部设置有四个，即所述凹槽13位于辐射片11两个极化方向之间的夹角区域。
作为进一步优选的实施例，所述凹槽的大小应小于
Figure PCTCN2019117111-appb-000001
其中λ与天线工作中心频率相关。
通过在辐射片11的外边缘设置凹槽13可延长所述辐射片11外边缘的等效电长度，与传统的微带天线单元100的辐射结构1相比，本申请的辐射片11的投影面积尺寸较小，减轻所述辐射片的重量，可进一步减少所述辐射片11的两个极化方向之间的公共体，从而达到提高在阵列中相邻辐射结构1各个极化端口之间的隔离度的目的。
进一步的，所述凹槽13包括缺口部131及与缺口部131连通的加长部132，所述缺口部131由所述辐射片11的外边缘向内延伸形成，所述加长部132与缺口部131垂直设置，通过开设与缺口部131连通的加长部132可进一步延长凹槽13的边缘长度，以进一步延长辐射片11外边缘的等效电长度。此外，还可通过调节加长部132的开设位置进而达到调整辐射片11在不同的极化方向上的辐射的目的。
请结合图1和图2，所述馈电柱14对应所述辐射片11的两个极化方向设有两组，且每组所述馈电柱14包括两根沿对应的极化方向的轴线排列的馈电柱14。进一步的，所述馈电柱14的位置及长度可根据实际情况进行调整，通过调节馈电柱14的位置以达到提高天线辐射方向图的对称性的目的。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述馈电柱14与所述辐射片11一体成型设置，进而提高馈电结构2与辐射结构1连接的稳定性。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述馈电柱14与所述辐射片11可通过焊接或卡合的方式连接，便于生产加工。
本申请还涉及一种微带天线单元，请参见图3，其包括馈电结构2及与所述馈电结构2电连接的辐射结构1,所述辐射结构为前文中所提到的辐射结构1，通过将所述辐射结构1应用于微带天线单元100中，可到拓宽其工作带宽，提高辐射效率的目的，并且本实施例中的辐射结构1仅设置一层辐射片11，将其运用在微带天线单元100中可实现微带天线单元100的低剖面设计，结构简单，减少零部件的使用，有利于实现天线的小型化。
所述馈电结构2包括馈电网络21，所述馈电网络21包括介质基板212及设于介质基板212上并与所述馈电柱14连接的馈电线路211，所述介质基板212背对设有馈电线路211的一侧连接有接地层213，具体的，本实施例中的接地层213为金属地板。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述馈电网络21的介质基板212采用厚度为1mm，介电常数为3.0的PCB板材。
所述辐射结构1包括辐射片11及用于连接辐射片11与所述馈电网络21的馈电柱14，所述馈电线路211与所述馈电柱14直接电连接，以实现所述微带天线单元100的馈电，结构简单，无需设置零部件，可实现天线的低剖面，有利于实现天线的小型化。
所述辐射片11的外边缘与反射板300之间产生的辐射及辐射缝隙12产生的辐射为并联结构关系，两者产生的辐射电流可汇合于馈电柱14中以实现馈电，以达到并联谐振的目的，从而实现工作频宽拓宽的效果。
基于上述结构，本申请的微带天线单元100与传统微带天线相比，通过在辐射片11上设置辐射缝隙12，并使辐射缝隙12产生的辐射与辐射片11自身固有的外边缘辐射之间通过馈电柱14汇合以构成并联结构，使得该微带天线单元100具有较宽的工作频带；此外辐射结构1与馈电结构2的连接无需加设额外零部件进行紧固与互连，天线部件少，以达到小型化、低剖面、轻量化的效果；并且通过一层结构简单的辐射片11即可实现微带天线所需要的带宽，可提高微带天线的隔离度，进而提高天线的辐射增益。
本申请还涉及一种阵列天线，请参见图4和图5，其包括反射板300及设于所述反射板300上的至少一个天线阵列，所述天线阵列中包括多个上述的微带天线单元100。
作为一个优选的实施例，每个所述天线阵列中具有至少一个子模块(图中未标示)，每个所述子模块包括由多个馈电网络21相连接的微带天线单元100，并且子模块中的微带天线单元100的馈电网络21之间通过微带线/带状线功分网络(图中未标示)或者同轴馈线进行连接。具体的，本实施例中的子模块包括三个沿纵向排列的微带天线单元100，三个微带天线单元通过±45°极化的功分网络进行连接，并且三个微带天线单元的垂直间距DV＝0.5-1.0λ，其中λ与天线工作中心频率相关。
应当理解的是，若每个子模块中的微带天线单元100数量为N个(N≥3)，在同一天线子模块中，各微带天线单元100的+45°极化的馈电网络21的输入端通过一分N功分网络电连接，而各微带天线单元100的-45°极化的馈电网络21的输入端通过一分N功分网络电连接。
作为一个优选的实施例，请结合图5，本实施例的阵列天线由3行8列的子模块构成，每列子模块构成一个天线阵列，并且相邻两列天线阵列之间的间距DH＝0.45-0.75λ，其中λ与天线工作中心频率相关。此外，在相邻两列天线阵列之间还设有去耦隔离条200，可在天线工作频带内减小天线子模块之间的互耦，从而提高相邻列之间天线子模块的隔离度，并且对天线的其他性能指标影响较小。
下面结合仿真对本申请的应用效果作详细的描述。
图6示出了本申请的微带天线单元100在工作频带内的电压驻波比仿真曲线图，其示出了微带天线单元100在驻波比小于2的情况下具有超过20％的阻抗带宽，从而可表征微带天线单元100在确保天线的辐射效率的前提下，具有较宽的阻抗带宽。
图7示意了本申请阵列天线同极化端口的隔离度曲线图，即在频率2.30GHz-3.00GHz范围内，同极化隔离度大于23dB。
图8示意了本申请阵列天线异极化端口的隔离度曲线图，即在频率2.30GHz-3.00GHz范围内，同极化隔离度大于35dB。
以上所述仅是本申请的部分实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种辐射结构，包括辐射片，其特征是：所述辐射片的中部开设有辐射缝隙，所述辐射缝隙包括相互连通并呈十字正交的横向缝隙和纵向缝隙，所述横向缝隙和纵向缝隙的长度均小于辐射片在对应辐射缝隙延伸方向上的长度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述横向缝隙和纵向缝隙分别沿该辐射结构的极化方向成±45°夹角的方向延伸。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述辐射缝隙的相邻缝隙在该相邻缝隙之间的极化方向上的矢量合成长度不小于所述辐射片在该极化方向上的长度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述辐射片的外边缘开设有至少一个凹槽，且所述凹槽与所述辐射缝隙不连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述凹槽对应所述辐射缝隙的端部设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述凹槽包括由所述辐射片的外边缘向内延伸的缺口部和垂直于所述缺口部并与之连通的加长部。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射结构，其特征是：还包括用于连接所述辐射片与馈电网络的馈电柱。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述馈电柱对应辐射片的两个极化方向设有两组，且每组所述馈电柱包括两根沿极化方向的轴线排列的馈电柱。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述馈电柱与所述辐射 片一体成型；或者所述馈电柱与所述辐射片焊接或者卡合而连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的辐射结构，其特征是：所述辐射片设有若干镂空结构。
  11. 一种阵列天线，包括反射板及设于反射板上的至少一个天线阵列，其特征是：每个所述天线阵列设置多个如权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的辐射结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的阵列天线，其特征是：相邻两列天线阵列之间设有去耦隔离条。
PCT/CN2019/117111 2019-05-16 2019-11-11 辐射结构及阵列天线 WO2020228275A1 (zh)

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