WO2020225219A1

WO2020225219A1 - Method and device for recycling preferably polyolefin-containing plastic waste or residues

Info

Publication number: WO2020225219A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/062334
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oliver Riedel
Original assignee: Biofabrik White Refinery Gmbh
Priority date: 2019-05-03
Filing date: 2020-05-04
Publication date: 2020-11-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for recycling preferably polyolefin-containing plastic waste or residues. The aim of the invention is first to provide a decentralized plant for the ecologically and economically advantageous processing of plastic waste or production residues that cannot be directly materially recycled to form oils and waxes that can be materially recycled or used for energy, and to provide a corresponding method. The aim is achieved by: pyrolyzing shredded material in a transportable pyrolysis plant arranged in a container; condensing condensable pyrolysis vapors by means of optionally staged condensation and optionally filtering and discharging said vapors; cooling and separating out solid residues; and processing resulting non-condensable pyrolysis gases to render them harmless.

Description

Process and device for recycling plastic waste or residues, preferably containing polyolefin

The invention relates to a method and device for recycling, preferably polyolefin-containing

Plastic waste or scraps.

The tasks in plastics recycling are as diverse as the types of different raw materials. It is the object of the invention to provide a decentralized system for processing plastic waste or production residues that cannot be directly recycled into material or energy

to create usable oils and waxes and a

specify the appropriate procedure. The associated advantages of the invention

Process compared to conventional disposal consist in the reduction of logistics expenses and in a high local added value.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a process for the utilization of preferably polyolefin-containing

Plastic waste or residues solved in the

Crushed material is pyrolysed container-based, condensable pyrolysis vapors by means of a staged

Condensation is filtered and discharged and solid residues are cooled and discharged and condensed

resulting non-condensable pyrolysis gases for

Harmless to be processed.

This can be done by means of a thermo-chemical cleavage organic compounds at material-dependent temperatures of over 270 ° C to 500 ° C

thermocatalytic depolymerization within large

Molecules are forced into smaller ones. In contrast to gasification and combustion, this takes place exclusively under the action of heat and without additional

supplied oxygen / air.

There is the possibility that the depolymerization is supported catalytically. The process produces gases, liquids and solids. The proportions and the composition depend not only on the starting material, but also on the temperature used, the auxiliaries added and the duration of treatment.

The input material is first shredded in a cutting mill or shredded using other technology and temporarily stored in a fabric silo or other suitable storage facility. An entry system makes this

Crushed plastic material is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor as required and in an airtight manner and is partially melted in the process. In the pyrolysis reactor takes place

The core process of pyrolysis takes place.

In the condensation stages that follow the reactor, product oils are withdrawn at different temperature levels: high boilers (waxes) and middle distillates /

Low boilers.

In a power generator, the pyrolysis gases or the product oils, in particular product oils that cannot be used any further, can be used to generate energy, in particular to generate one's own energy. In addition, excess electricity can be used will. Non-condensable pyrolysis gases can be im

Power generator or a burner are harmlessly burned.

The following products arise: · Product oil, which is for further use in

Product tanks can be stored and

• By-products: residual solids, exhaust gas, oil sludge, which must be disposed of in a suitable manner.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a

Device for the recovery of preferably

polyolefin-containing material, namely plastic waste or residues, solved, in which the following structural units are arranged in a transportable container:

- a material entry with a the material

A plug-screw arrangement that is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor as required and is airtight and partially melts at the same time,

- unite the material with movement from the outside

heating pyrolysis reactor,

- one that is at least inclined upwards

Separator separating pyrolysis vapors and gases from residues,

- a residual material discharge that brings out the residual material,

- a condensation unit,

- an active cooling system,

- a condensate discharge,

- a pyrolysis gas discharge and

a control unit controlling the process flow. The device is upstream of the device in the course of the process

Preprocess unit. This is where the polyolefin-containing

Plastic waste or residues processed into the shredded material. The material input consists of a storage container above an input funnel, from which a heated one

The stuffing screw feeds the material continuously into the

The pyrolysis reactor presses and melts in the process.

The pyrolysis reactor consists of an inclined main reactor in which a constant movement of the material is ensured and which is heated from the outside.

The pyrolysis reactor also includes a separator with a residual material container or residual material discharge underneath and an outgoing postreactor. In the pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis process takes place almost completely in a pyrolysis room that is electrically heated from the outside and / or from the inside. In the pyrolysis room, a

Soulless snail for slow transport of the

Material or residual material. The residue falls from the main reactor into the also heated residue container, where any volatile constituents that may still be present outgas and a dry,

powdery, free-flowing coke ash remains. During production breaks, the post-reactor can be dismantled and emptied after it has cooled down. A

Flange connection and an inspection opening or a continuous ash discharge can be provided.

The hot pyrolysis crude gas has the opportunity in the post-reactor for post-reaction and for the separation of particles. The latter are replaced by one located in the gas reactor

Cleaning screw conveyed back towards the waste container. The condensation unit extracts distillates from the pyrolysis steam by reducing the temperature. At this point, a two-stage condensation can be advantageous, especially if the condensates contain wax. A

High temperature condensation (HTK) (high temperature greater than 60 ° C) removes waxes from the system in liquid form, which would solidify at lower temperatures. A

Low temperature condensation (NTK) (low temperature approx. 10 ° C), on the other hand, gains as much as possible of the low boiler from the gas flow. The temperature is set via cooling circuits. Both cooling circuits, each individually regulated, emit their energy to the ambient air via an external air pressure cooler.

Due to the possible wax content, the HTK condensates are kept warm before they enter the transport containers in order to prevent them from solidifying in the pipelines

(Risk of blocking).

In the HTK, possible soot and other particles are largely separated out by means of a flushing cycle.

Preheating brings the containers and pipes to the process temperature at the beginning.

If a filter arrangement is provided, it can be divided into two filter stages (e.g. slotted filter <50 gm and post-filter approx. 5 gm), the distillate is removed from residual particles when pumping out towards a heated storage tank freed.

The pyrolysis gas discharge serves to dispose of pyrolysis gases that are no longer condensable.

For this purpose, a torch is initially provided. If the generator fails, the torch burns pyrolysis gases harmlessly before they are released into the environment. The gases are ignited by means of a glow igniter, which is permanently active in this case and the flame is monitored by means of temperature measurement.

But it is also possible that the pyrolysis gas discharge line is provided with a connection intended for further use of the pyrolysis gas.

The system is operated automatically. This is done by the control unit. A PLC master computer can be used for this. Access and monitoring of the system are possible on this both locally and remotely. The PLC is with the

Power electronics built into control cabinets, which are attached to the system frame.

The system is equipped with various safety technology on the software and hardware side. In automatic mode, the controller takes over the monitoring and regulation of the relevant process parameters (in particular temperatures, pressures,

Filling levels) via the installed PLS with PLT / MSR technology.

According to the state of the art, the machine has emergency stop devices for the cutting mill area and the process. A collecting basin serves to protect against contamination by possible leaking oils.

The required process energy is preferably in a system-integrated motor generator based on part of the extracted product oils and the non-condensable

Pyrolysis gases generated. For example, a soundproof unit with an output of approx. 35 kW is used here. The product oils are temporarily stored in a heated tank until they are converted into electricity. Diesel from a separate tank is used for start and stop processes.

The invention is based on a

Embodiment explained in more detail. Show in the accompanying drawings

1 shows a schematic process flow, FIG. 2 shows a perspective basic representation of FIG

Device according to the invention with material input and pyrolysis reactor, FIG. 3 a rotary paddle alarm, FIG. 4 a sectional view through the material input, FIG. 5 a screw conveyor of the pyrolysis reactor, Fig. 6 shows a perspective basic illustration with HTK and NTK condensation device, FIG. 7 shows a perspective basic illustration of the HTK condensation device and

FIG. 8 shows a perspective basic illustration of FIG

device according to the invention with

Condensation device. As shown in Fig. 1, the inventive Device 1 in a system 2 for recovery

Polyolefin-containing plastic waste or residues, here called material, incorporated. These include the peripheral components cutting mill 3 and fabric silo 4, each with a conveyor fan, not shown in detail.

The material is processed into an input material 5 in the cutting mill 3 and is shredded to a particle size in the range 5 to 10 mm and then temporarily stored in the fabric silo. From there it becomes needs-based

continuously in the plant 1, the actual

Pyrolysis plant 1, promoted.

To introduce the input material 5, it is conveyed into a storage container 6 and fed to the pyrolysis plant 1 via an entry funnel 7. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the storage container 6 is provided with a rotary paddle detector 8 on the inside. This rotary paddle detector 8 has two or more radially extending vanes 10 on a shaft 9.

If input material 5 is present, the rotation of the rotary paddle detector 8 is hindered and this is detected.

At the same time, driven by the shaft 9, it acts as a bridge breaker, which can dissolve clumps of the input material 5 and thus prevent blockages.

On the other hand, if there is no rotational resistance

detects that there is no input material 5 and thus signals that such must be supplied.

A material feed 11 is connected to the feed funnel 7. This is shown in more detail in FIG. Inside the entry material 11 is a stuff _S chnecke 12 rotatably arranged driven. By means of this stuffing screw 12, the material is made airtight and as required in one

subsequent pyrolysis reactor 13 introduced and partially melted. The airtight seal is achieved by a slight, intentional clogging of material at the transport-side end 14 of the plug screw 12.

The pyrolysis reactor 13 is directed obliquely upwards and is provided with a screw conveyor 15 in its interior. This is rotatably driven and provided with blades 16 for mixing the material.

In the pyrolysis reactor, the material is under constant

Movement heated from the outside. At temperatures of up to over 500 ° C, depolymerization occurs, i.e. for cracking the long hydrocarbon chains of solid plastics into shorter chains of liquid and gaseous products. Excess carbon atoms are split off and form together as soot e.g. a solid residue with mineral contamination.

By the rotation of the screw conveyor 15 and

If fresh material is subsequently conveyed, the liquid, pasty to granular material is conveyed into a separator 17. This acts as a gravity separator. In the separator 17, the residues fall down, while the oil and gas vapors (referred to as pyrolysis vapors) rise to the top

Condensation are conducted. The residues are in a gas-tight lockable via a cooling section 18

Residues container 19 transported.

The pyrolysis vapors pass from the separator 17 via a pipeline 20 into a high-temperature condenser (HTK) 21. As shown in FIG. 7, a conveyor spiral 23 that is rotatably driven by means of a motor 22 is arranged in the pipeline 20. This promotes material against the

Direction of gas flow 24 and serves to clean the pipe. The tube bundle 25 shown in FIG. 7 is arranged in the HTK 21. The pyrolysis vapors are introduced into the tube bundle 25 from above. The tube bundle 25 is water-cooled from the outside. The pyrolysis steam condenses in it. This process takes place at over 60 ° C. The HTK condensate collects in an HTK

Condensate container 26. If a target level has been reached in the HTK condensate container 26, the HTK condensate is drained off to a minimum level via a condensate drain 27

The cooling water from a cooling water drain 28 is used for a pipe trace heating for the HTK condensate in order to prevent this from solidifying, since it is usually solid at room temperature.

The remaining pyrolysis steam is fed to a low-temperature condenser (NTK) 30 via the steam line 29. The

The supply line in the NTK 30 extends into a collecting container 31. The residual pyrolysis steam flows through there

Condensate filling and is washed with it. As a result of the washing and a gravitational separation, sump collects in the collecting container 31 at the bottom. The NTK 30 is not closer to a similar one here

provided tube bundle shown, such as the HTK 21. The washed residual pyrolysis steam is passed through this tube bundle and condenses at temperatures around 10 ° C. The condensate flows into the collecting container 31 and can to Recovery to be drained.

Everything that no longer condenses via this step is either burned as pyrolysis gas via a flare 31 or supplied to an internal combustion engine of an electric generator 33, which can optionally be part of system 1, all

Usually using the condensates as product oils, either for generating own energy or for feeding into the grid.

The procedural control of the pyrolysis system 1 takes place by connecting all components to a common PLC (master computer).

The connection points of the

Machine to see the supply (electrical energy, compressed air, data transmission).

The modular, compact design in a container 34 makes it transportable and versatile

Desired for installation and individual use.

The outer, spatial limits of the pyrolysis plant 1 are limited to the structural shell of the container 34, for example a standard ISO container, with the corresponding attachments 35, which can contain the control, for example. The foundation relevant for setting up the container 34 must be provided in accordance with the requirements (static dimensioning as a strip foundation). Process and device for recycling plastic waste or residues, preferably containing polyolefin

List of reference symbols

1 device, pyrolysis system

2 system

3 cutting mill

4 fabric silo

5 input material

6 storage containers

7 entry funnel

8 rotating paddle detectors

9 wave

10 wings

11 Material entry

12 auger

13 pyrolysis reactor

14 End of the screw plug

15 screw conveyor

16 blades

17 separator

18 cooling section

19 waste container

20 pipeline

21 high temperature capacitor (HTK)

22 engine

23 Spiral conveyor

24 Direction of gas flow

25 tube bundles

26 HTK condensate tank 27 Condensate drain

28 Cooling water drain

29 steam pipe

30 Low temperature condenser (NTK) 31 Collecting container

32 torch

33 electric generator

34 containers

35 attachments

Claims

Method and device for the recovery of plastic waste or residues, preferably containing polyolefin

1. Method of recovery of preferably

Plastic waste or residues containing polyolefin, where the shredded material (5) is container-based

is pyrolysed, condensable pyrolysis vapors are condensed by means of a preferably staged condensation, preferably filtered and discharged as product oils and solid residues are cooled and discharged and non-condensable pyrolysis gases formed are for

Harmless to be processed.

2. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h

it is not noted that by means of a thermo-chemical breakdown of organic compounds

material-dependent temperatures from 270 ° C to over 500 ° C. Bonds break within large molecules into smaller ones.

3. The method according to claim 2, d a d u r c h

it is not noted that the depolymerization is supported catalytically.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the pyrolysis gases are burned without damage.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the pyrolysis gases or, in particular, product oils that can no longer be used are fed to an energy generation system, in particular for the plant's own supply.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the comminuted

Plastic material introduced into a pyrolysis reactor as required and airtight and partially

is melted, that after the pyrolysis taking place in the pyrolysis reactor, a separation into pyrolysis steam and solid residues is carried out, the solid residues being sent to disposal, and the pyrolysis steam being fed to a high-temperature condensation and a subsequent low-temperature condensation.

7. The method according to claim 6, d a d u r c h

I do not agree that the

High temperature condensation is carried out at temperatures above 60 ° C but below the boiling point of wax.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, d a d u r c h

I do not agree that the

Low temperature condensation is carried out at temperatures between 0 ° C and 60 ° C.

9. Device for the recovery of preferably

polyolefin-containing material, namely plastic waste or residues, characterized in that in a transportable container (34), the following Structural units are arranged:

- a material entry with a the material (5)

as needed and airtight in a pyrolysis reactor (13) introducing and thereby partially

Melting plug screw arrangement (12),

- One that heats the material from the outside with constant movement and at least obliquely upwards

directional pyrolysis reactor (13),

- a pyrolysis fumes and gases from residues

separating separator (17),

- a residual material discharge (18; 19) which brings out the residual materials,

- a condensation unit (21; 30),

- an active cooling system,

- condensate discharge,

- A pyrolysis gas discharge line (32) and

- a control unit controlling the process sequence. Apparatus according to claim 9, d a d u r c h

it is not noted that the condensation unit is graded into several temperature levels. Apparatus according to claim 10, d a d u r c h

it is noted that the condensation unit has a high-temperature condenser (21) and a

Comprises low temperature capacitor (30). Apparatus according to claim 11, d a d u r c h

it is not noted that the cooling system separates low-boiling components

Providing low temperature level with the Condensation unit (21; 30) is connected. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 12,

d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the

Condensate discharge is connected to a filter arrangement. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13,

d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the

Pyrolysis gas discharge is connected to an emergency flare (32). Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13,

d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the

Pyrolysis gas discharge line is provided with a connection intended for further use of the pyrolysis gas.