DE102007056905A1 - Plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastic in the form of composite carton, comprises a reactor with a housing in which a screw is arranged, an inlet and an outlet, and a separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastic in the form of composite carton, comprises a reactor (1) with a housing, in which a screw is rotatably arranged, an inlet (Z) for the waste material as initial substance (SA), an outlet (A) for the thermally treated final substance (SE) and/or a heating unit (2), and a separator in which the deposited metal is separated from the paper and/or plastic portions. The housing has a height that is larger than the diameter of the screw having a screw mantle. The plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastic in the form of composite carton, comprises a reactor (1) with a housing, in which a screw is rotatably arranged, an inlet (Z) for the waste material as initial substance (SA), an outlet (A) for the thermally treated final substance (SE) and/or a heating unit (2), and a separator in which the deposited metal is separated from the paper and/or plastic portions. The housing has a height that is larger than the diameter of the screw having a screw mantle that rejuvenates itself in the cross section towards the top. A suction is arranged in the area lying above the screw mantle. A unit existing out of the housing and the screw is arranged in the reactor and heats over the reactor. The separator is arranged downstream to the reactor. The reactor and/or the housing is extensively and/or completely sealed against the environment. The inlet in the housing and/or the outlet from the screw mantle are formed in the form of a cellular wheel sluice guaranteeing the sealing for the surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw subsequent itself at the inlet has a riser (a), in which the initial substances are condensed so that a sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw present itself before the outlet has a raiser (c), in which the final substances are condensed so that the sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The diameter of the housing is adapted at the diameter of the screw in the area with third riser and the height of the housing enlarges itself at the height before the area with the second riser. The heating unit has a combustor (5) for thermal combustion of gas/vapor or of rest gases formed from the gas/vapor. The first part (T1) of the gas/vapor or rest gas is supplyable to the combustor and the heating unit and the second part (T2) of the gas/vapor or the rest gas is supplyable to an energy supply unit (9). The volume of the treated substances is reduced up to 90% in relation to the volume of the initial substances. A condensator (4) is arranged downstream to an oil precipitator. A recooling plant is arranged between the condensator and the oil precipitator for generating a cooling circuit. A temperature guaranteeing the smoldering or pyrolysis of the paper and plastic parts is adjustable in the reactor. In the reactor, a temperature guaranteeing the low temperature pyrolysis of the initial substances is adjustable at up to 500[deg] C, a temperature guaranteeing the middle temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 500-800[deg] C, and a temperature guaranteeing the high temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 800[deg] C. The temperature in the reactor is 250-800[deg] C. The final substances are deposited or recirculatable into economic cycle and are useful as fuel for the operation of the plant. The initial substances are used in the form of minerals e.g. sand and stone, miscellaneous waste from the mechanical treatment of waste and from the shredders of metal containing waste like cartons, spit materials, cellulose sludge, deinking sludge, oil containing waste, sludge having dangerous material from the treatment of waste water in industries, biological treatment of industrial waste water, physical and chemical treatment and from sewer cleaning, sludge or emulsions from desalination, residues from scrap processing, waste with organic plant protecting agent, wood protecting agent and biocides, waste from sand trap plant and oil-water precipitators, sanitation of base and ground water, mechanical chipping and/or physical and from mechanical surface treatment of metal and plastic, track skeleton, sand of the turbulence layer that occur in the combustion or pyrolysis of waste, waste from oil processing, medical and hospital wastes, shredder waste from vehicle core of the scrap car application, production wastes, DSD (Duales System Deutschland) sorting residue, faeces from animal husbandry, and/or substances from the animal body disposal. The final substances are ash with metal deposition in the use of initial substances in the form of spit material, shredder waste and/or DSD sorting residue. The sucked gas/vapor is used as combustion gas. A discharge screw conveyor joins at the outlet of the reactor and is arranged in a perforated screw jacket pipe at its under side. Units existing out of housing and the screw are arranged in the reactor next to one another and/or above one another. The reactors are coupled to each other.

Description

The The invention relates to a plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials. The facility can for All fields of application are used in which waste in their Volume should be reduced or otherwise thermal must be treated.

DE 196 14 689 C2 describes a multivalent-usable plant for the thermal treatment of starting substances, which has a heatable reactor in which the substances carry out an advancing and circulating movement and are exposed to a temperature of 280 to 400 ° C. The resulting gases and vapors are sucked off and condensed and can be used to heat the system.

disadvantage This system is the too low temperature range, through which the treatment of some important substances, e.g. Industrial waste the paper industry can not be treated as well as the still large volume the treated substances and the difficult removal of the residual gases, which pollutes the environment.

Out DE 28 21 825 C3 a pyrolysis reactor for the conversion of waste is known, which consists essentially of a via a combustion chamber indirectly heated, rotating retort, which is assigned at one end a waste input and at the other end a discharge for pyrolized material and pyrolysis gas consists. The retort is rotated by a sprocket and is provided with an internal thread whose pitch in the region of the discharge is smaller than in the region of the waste input. Furthermore, the retort is formed as a truncated cone, which tapers in the direction of flow of the material through the retort. The retort has a very disadvantageous common exit zone in which the gas generated due to the pyrolysis reaction is separated from the pyrolyzed residue. This exit zone opens into two lines. A conduit extends downwards and serves to discharge the pyrolyzed residues from the retort, the other conduit extends upwards and serves to discharge the pyrolysis gas. From this line leads a line to the fuel inlet of the burner.

Also in DE 30 18 572 A1 a pyrolysis furnace for the pyrolysis of waste is described, with an elongated pyrolysis, which is designed as a rotary tube, a charging device at one end of the pyrolysis, a discharge at the other end of the pyrolysis, a coat comprising the jacket of the pyrolysis heater comprising a plurality of heating chambers with different Heat transfer to associated areas of the pyrolysis, having a discharge device for the resulting in the heater exhaust gases and an outlet for the resulting in the pyrolysis of the waste pyrolysis gases, which are supplied to the combustion of the heater. The feed takes place via a feed tappet and the discharge via a screw. The extracted pyrolysis gas passes either directly or through the combination of a heat exchanger and a Nachbrennkammer to the burner.

The EP 0 626 988 B1 refers to a method for heating a carbonization drum, with the heating gas always a sufficient amount of heat to be introduced into the carbonization drum. To set the temperature of the heating gas, which is generated by combustion of a partial flow of the carbonization, a controllable partial flow of effluent from the carbonization drum and thus cooled fuel gas is returned in a closed pitch to the carbonization drum and thereby added to the hot fuel gas again. In order to supply the heating gas with the missing amount of heat, the cooled heating gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is first preheated. Subsequently, the preheated fuel gas is fed back together with the burned partial flow of the carbonization of the carbonization drum. A partial flow of the hot gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is branched off from the heating gas circuit before or after the preheating. The device used for heating the carbonization drum has a combustion chamber for generating the heating gas, wherein the combustion chamber, a partial flow of the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization drum is fed. The carbonization drum is fed the waste via a screw-like feeder. The waste is pyrolyzed or carbonized in the carbonization drum by the pipes heated by hot flue gas or heating gas. The resulting carbonization and the outgassed residue are separated from each other in the discharge chamber. The residue is fed via a discharge opening of a further processing. He can z. B. burned in the combustion chamber.

The aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage that there is moisture in the gas with the burner. Furthermore, it is of crucial disadvantage that at the feeder the waste ambient air can enter the reactor, causing the danger exists that in the reactor an explosive gas mixture forms.

To the rotation of the entire reactor ( DE 28 21 825 C3 . DE 30 18 572 A1 . EP 0 626 988 B1 ), a relatively high energy consumption and an expensive storage of the reactor is required. Rotary kilns generally cause high investment and operating costs.

task The invention is a system for the thermal treatment of To develop waste materials that have a simple structural design ensures a significant volume reduction of waste materials, the treatment of diverse starting substances allows and works with a minimum of energy use environmentally friendly and safe.

These The object is solved by the features of the first claim. Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The Plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials, consists of at least one unit of one rotating in a housing Snail with a feeder for the Waste materials as starting materials and a discharge for the thermally treated Final substances and with a heating unit and with a suction for the in the thermal treatment of waste materials from these deposited Gases / vapors, wherein the enclosure at least partially has a height, which is bigger as the diameter of the snail in the enclosure.

Prefers rejuvenated The enclosure in this area in cross-section upward, where the suction especially at the top in the tapered region of the screw shell is arranged.

By this arrangement, the suction is not directly but in one greater distance above the Snail, reducing the amount of undesirable with extracted solid particles can be significantly reduced. As a result, the system works significantly reliable and more efficient.

At least a unit consisting of enclosure and snail is in one Reactor disposed having a wall, wherein the heating unit preferably connected to the reactor and the unit contained therein via the reactor from Umhausung (snail shell) and screw is indirectly heated.

there the reactor and / or the enclosure against the environment is as far as possible or completely sealed.

To can the feeder to the reactor and / or discharge from the reactor in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere Rotary valve be formed. Likewise it is possible in the feeder (Z) for housing and / or removal from the enclosure, ensuring the seal to the surrounding atmosphere Include rotary valve.

Farther can be attached to the feeder subsequent Section of the screw have a first slope, in which the Starting materials are compressed so that a seal to surrounding atmosphere guaranteed is. Alternatively or in addition can be before the exhaustion area of the screw have a third slope, in which the end substances are compressed so that a seal to the surrounding atmosphere guaranteed is.

Preferably is the area with the first and / or third slope of the diameter The housing adapted to the diameter of the screw.

Between increases then the amount of Housing at an altitude which is bigger as the diameter of the screw.

Favorable Weise is also in the system associated with the heating unit Combustor for thermal afterburning of the extracted gases / vapors or integrated from residual gases.

The Gases / vapors or residual gases are direct or over a condenser by means of the extraction of the combustor and the heating unit fed. By the feeder of gases / vapors or residual gases to the combustor and to the heating unit, it is possible that Volume of the fuel gas, which is used as starting energy for the burner the heating unit is required, if necessary reduce so much that from the burner only one support flame is available. The total heating energy for the reactor is then through the combustion of the sucked gases / vapors or the residual gases disposal posed.

alternative can the gases / vapors or residual gases are fed to an energy generating device. It is also possible a first part of the gases / vapors or residual gases to the combustor and the heating unit and a second one Part of the gases / vapors or supply residual gases of the power generation device. There Experience has shown that in the thermal treatment process, the volume of generated gases / vapors or residual gases is many times higher than the volume which for heating the reactor is required, the forwarding of gases / vapors or Residual gases to the power generation facility efficient use of gases / vapors or the residual gas.

The Power generating device may e.g. a steam boiler and a steam engine and / or a combined heat and power plant.

The volume of the treated substances is proportional to the volume of the Ausgangsubs Dancing is reduced by up to 90%, which means that only a small amount of landfill costs can be recorded.

the Condenser is followed in particular by an oil separator, from which lipophilic condensate and aqueous condensate derived separately become. Between the oil separator and the condenser, a recooling plant is arranged to produce a cooling circuit. Furthermore, the reactor can be a heat exchanger for heat recovery and / or for pre-cooling be assigned by burner air of the heating unit.

The Initial substances undergo a circulation movement and a temperature from 250 to 800 ° C the reactor. The cycle time, the speed of the reactor The screw and the residence time depend on the moisture content the starting substances.

The Final substances are either dumpable or in the economic cycle traceable. By the big ones Volume and mass losses occur only low landfill costs on. Some substances can without or with little reworking the economic cycle be fed again.

• – sonstige Abfälle aus der mechanischen Behandlung von Abfällen,
• – Abfälle aus dem Schreddern von metallhaltigen Abfällen, wie Verbundkarton (Tetrapack)
• – Schlämme aus einer anderen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser,
• – Schlämme, die gefährliche Stoffe aus einer anderen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser enthalten,
• – Schlämme aus der biologischen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser,
• – Schlämme aus der betriebseigenen Abwasserbehandlung,
• – Schlämme aus der betriebseigenen Abwasserbehandlung, die gefährliche Stoffe enthalten,
• – Schlämme oder Emulsionen aus Entsalzern,
• – Schlämme aus physikalisch-chemischen Behandlungen,
• – Schlämme aus physikalisch-chemischen Behandlungen, die gefährliche Stoffe enthalten,
• – Zelluloseschlämme,
• – Spuckstoffe,
• – Deinking-Schlämme,
• – ölhaltige Schlämme.
• – Abfälle aus der Kanalreinigung,
• – Straßenkehricht,
• – Rückstände aus der Schrottaufbereitung (Schredder-Leicht-Fraktion,
• – Abfälle, behaftet mit organischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Holzschutzmitteln und anderen Bioziden,
• – feste Abfälle aus Sandfanganlagen und Öl-Wasserabscheidern,
• – Abfälle aus der Sanierung von Böden und Grundwasser,
• – Abfälle aus Prozessen der mechanischen Formgebung sowie der physikalischen und mechanischen Oberflächenbearbeitung von Metallen und Kunststoffen,
• – Gleisschotter, der gefährliche Stoffe enthält,
• – Boden und Steine, die keine gefährlichen Stoffe enthalten,
• – Sande aus der Wirbelschicht, die bei der Verbrennung oder Pyrolyse von Abfällen anfallen,
• – Abfälle aus der Altölaufbereitung,
• – medizinische und krankenhausspezifische Abfälle,
• – Schredderabfälle von Kraftfahrzeuginnenteilen aus der Altautoverwertung,
• – verschmutzte Mischkunststoffe aus Sortieranlagen,
• – Produktionsabfälle,
• – DSD-Sortierreste,
• – Hühnerkot oder andere Fäkalien aus der Tierhaltung,
• – sowie Mineralien (z.B. Sand, Steine), wobei hier nur eine unwesentliche Volumenreduzierung stattfindet.

As starting materials, for example, cellulose sludges, rejects, shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts or DSD sorting residues (DSD = dual system Germany) and, for example, aluminum-containing fractions can be used. Furthermore, it is possible to treat the following waste materials and thus to significantly reduce their volume:

• - other waste from the mechanical treatment of waste,
• - Waste from shredding metal-containing waste, such as composite carton (Tetrapack)
• - sludges from another treatment of industrial wastewater,
• - sludges containing dangerous substances from another treatment of industrial wastewater,
• Sludges from the biological treatment of industrial wastewater,
• - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment,
• - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment containing hazardous substances,
• - sludges or emulsions of desalinates,
• - sludges from physicochemical treatments,
• - sludges from physico-chemical treatments containing dangerous substances,
• - cellulose slurries,
• - rejects,
• - deinking sludge,
• - oily sludges.
• - waste from sewer cleaning,
• - street sweep,
• - residues from scrap processing (shredder-light fraction,
• - waste containing organic pesticides, wood preservatives and other biocides,
• - solid waste from sand traps and oil separators,
• - waste from the remediation of soil and groundwater,
• - waste from processes of mechanical shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics,
• - ballast, containing dangerous substances,
• - soil and stones that do not contain dangerous substances,
• - sands of the fluidized bed resulting from the incineration or pyrolysis of waste,
• - waste from waste oil treatment,
• - medical and hospital-specific waste,
• - Shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts from end-of-life car recycling,
• - polluted mixed plastics from sorting plants,
• - production waste,
• - DSD sorting residues,
• - chicken droppings or other faeces from animal husbandry,
• - As well as minerals (eg sand, stones), where only an insignificant volume reduction takes place.

Become e.g. cellulosic slurry thermally treated as starting substances in the system (preferably at 350 ° C) For example, the final substance, which is a cellulosic powder, may be briquetted and used in briquetted form as a fuel.

At the Use of starting materials (SA) in the form of rejects as the final substance (SE) predominantly ash and a large volume fraction on residual gas, which can be used as fuel gas.

Starting materials (SA) in the form of shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts yield as final substance (SE) ashes with metal deposits and residual gas (G _rest ), which can be used as fuel gas.

If DSD sorting residues are treated as the starting substance, ash with metal deposits is produced as the final substance (SE). For example, if the DSD sorting residues consist of plastic / paper wastes with aluminum buildup (such as composite board / tetrapacks), the ashes contain larger amounts of metal deposits of almost pure aluminum. That in the thermal treatment of DSD sorting residues formed residual gas can also be used as fuel gas.

The Residual gas is, as described above, either as fuel gas the combustor and the heating unit or a power generating device to disposal posed.

The Invention is based on an embodiment and associated Drawing closer explained. Show it:

1 : Schematic diagram of the system according to the invention in the form of a block diagram,

2 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the screw shell, in which a screw is arranged with different pitches, without rotary valves, and with increasing in the middle of the height of the screw shell,

3 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the screw shell, in which a screw with different pitches is arranged, with a rotary valve at the exit,

4 : Cross-section of a screw shell with screw therein,

5 : Representation of an aluminum fraction, which was obtained from appropriately treated composite board.

The reactor 1 has gem. 1 a first rotary valve (Z1) for the supply of the starting substances SA and a second rotary valve (Z2) for the discharge of the treated substances SE. The rotary valves Z1, Z2 ensure an almost complete seal against the surrounding atmosphere, so that no oxygen in the reactor via the ambient air 1 can penetrate, whereby a risk of explosion is excluded. The starting substance SA passes through the reactor under a circulation movement 1 by one in a rotationally fixed housing 1.1 rotating snail 1.2 at a temperature of 250 to 800 ° C. For this purpose, the reactor is a heating unit 2 as well as a combustor 5 assigned. The resulting during the thermal treatment steam D (pyrolysis gases) is by means of a suction fan 3 from the reactor 1 aspirated. That by the heating unit 2 generated flue gas G _smoke is discharged through the chimney. The vapor D reaches a condenser 4 in which the water contained therein condenses out. That from the condenser 4 derived residual gas G _rest , is via a combustor 5 , which serves for thermal afterburning of the residual gas, in a first partial flow T1 of the heating unit 2 and in a second substream T2 of a power plant 9 fed. This is between capacitor 4 and combustor 5 the suction fan 3 provided by which also the suction of the vapors D from the reactor 1 about its housing 1.1 he follows.

It is possible, to interrupt the first partial flow T1 or the second partial flow T2, so that the residual gas only the heating unit or only the power generation device fed to the combustion becomes.

The condensate K is from the condenser an oil separator 7 fed. Between capacitor 4 and oil separator 7 a filter F is arranged. The cooling of the capacitor 4 via the cooling water WK / the cooling circuit of a recooling plant 8th between oil separator 7 and capacitor 4 , From the oil separator 7 Lipophilic condensate K1 and aqueous condensate K2 is discharged into corresponding receptacle.

The aforementioned solution represents a distillative process for the thermal treatment of waste materials, such as Grinding sludge, rolling and forging, sewage sludge etc.

For the realization of a pyrolysis for the treatment of other waste materials are the plant parts 4 . 7 . 8th , K1, K2 not required. Instead, a dust wheel, suction fan and a filter (eg a cyclone filter / a multi-cyclone battery) are used for the partial flow T1 and for the partial flow T2 after a filter / cyclone an energetic use ( 9 ), which generates, for example, superheated steam and allows a turbine to generate electricity.

remaining By-products such as pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis coke are removed from the process and possibly further treated or disposed of.

2 and 3 show the schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the enclosure 1.1 a reactor 1 in which a snail 1.2 with different gradients a, b, c is arranged. In the space between the wall W of the reactor 1 and the housing 1.1 Heating medium H is supplied, which with the burner / Combustorsystem (not shown here) ( 1 ) was generated and was derived as flue gas smoke. After feeding for the starting materials SA has the screw 1.2 such a small first gradient a that the starting substances SA are compressed and thus seal themselves or additionally against the environment. This is followed by an area with a larger second gradient b, in which the density of the substances to be treated is reduced again, so that their thermal treatment can take place, the volume of the starting substances being considerably reduced. Located in this area also the suction 1.3 for the gases / vapors D. resulting from the starting materials by the action of the temperature of the heating medium.

It closes gem. 2 an area of the snail 1.2 with a smaller third slope c. The pitch c is chosen so that the treated substances SE are compressed and thus seal itself or additionally against the environment. The third slope c is reduced as a function of the volume reduction with respect to the slope a.

The area of the housing 1.1 points in the areas of the snail 1.2 with the first and the third pitch a, c, in which a seal is to take place, has a diameter D1.1, which corresponds to the diameter D1.2 of the screw 1.2 is adjusted. In the intermediate region with the second slope b, in which no sealing is desired and the thermal treatment takes place, the height of the enclosure increases 1.1 to a height H1.1 greater than the diameter of the screw D1.2. The width can correspond to the diameter D or taper upwards (s. 4 ).

Alternatively, it is possible, the derivative of the treated substances SE at the same or gem. 3 decreasing slope of the screw 1.2 via a Zeller Z2. In this case, the supply of the starting substances takes place as in 2 at reduced pitch a of the screw 1.2 so that they seal themselves. Then the slope of the screw increases 1.2 to the value b, so that the volume of the substances to be treated per slope is reduced. Since the volume of the substances is greatly reduced by the thermal treatment, the pitch of the screw can 2.2 be gradually reduced to the value b, without here a seal inside the screw 1.2 he follows. The seal against the environment is carried out by the rotary valve Z2 as discharge of the treated substances SE.

The auger tube 1.1 is gem. 2 and 3 fixed to the frame and the screw 1.2 rotates in the auger tube 1.1 ,

In 3 is after the second rotary valve Z2 a discharge screw 10 in a screw tube 11 arranged.

The auger tube 11 has on its underside a screen-like perforation (not shown), through which dust, ash and Feinabscheidungen down into a collecting container 12 fall. The remaining starting substances, such as metal deposits, may be in a briquetting station, for example 13 be briquetted, whereby their volume is further reduced and / or further handling is improved.

With the solution according to the invention It is thus also possible for the first time e.g. from DSD sorting residues, like composite carton packages (Tetrapacks) for drinks or other food, containing aluminum, fast and extremely energy efficient aluminum regain.

The life cycle assessment for such Packaging can thus be significantly improved.

4 shows possible cross sections of a housing 1.1 with snail inside 1.2 , The housing 1.1 follows in its lower part of the curvature of the screw 1.2 and has in image a an upwardly substantially rectangular extending cross-section whose height H1.1 is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw. In 4 Image b, the upwardly extending region has a substantially trapezoidal shape and in image c are the side regions of the upwards over the screw 1.2 Outwardly extending portion convexly curved, whereby the flow conditions of the extracted gases / vapors D are significantly improved. The suction 1.3 for the gases / vapors D is in each case in the uppermost area of the enclosure 1.1 tethered. Alternatively, there are others. For example, triangular shapes possible, it is important to ensure that the height H of the enclosure is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw 1.2 because it causes the suction 1.3 is guaranteed better and more reliable and not so much fine solid particles are sucked with.

In 5 an aluminum fraction (almost pure aluminum) is shown, which was obtained with the device according to the invention of shredded wastes of the dual system containing composite board with aluminum.

The scraps of the dual system (composite board and other plastics) shredded and at a temperature of 350 to 650 ° C in the reactor treated. The final substance is ashes with almost pure aluminum. The extracted gas can be used to operate the system or otherwise Fuel can be used.

With the solution according to the invention It is thus possible for the first time in only one process step from shredded waste of the Dual system again almost pure metal / aluminum to win back.

With the solution according to the invention can continue a surprisingly large volume reduction of different starting materials be achieved. Contained recyclables that have otherwise come with the waste to the landfill, such as metal fractions, can be removed from the final substances and recycled to the economic cycle.

Claims (39)

Plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials, using at least one unit of at least one in a housing ( 1.1 ) rotating screw ( 1.2 ), with a feed (Z) for the waste materials as starting substances (SA) and a discharge (A) for the thermally treated end substances (SE) and with a heating unit ( 2 ), the housing ( 1.1 ) at least in some areas has a height (H1.1) which is greater than the diameter (D1.2) in the housing ( 1.1 ) ( 1.1 ). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw shell ( 1.1 ) tapers in cross section upwards. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the upper area of the screw shell ( 1.1 ) the suction ( 3 ) is arranged. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of Umhausung ( 1.1 ) and snail ( 1.2 ) existing unit in a reactor ( 1 ) is arranged, which has a wall (W) and that the heating unit ( 2 ) to the reactor ( 1 ) and via the reactor ( 1 ) the unit of housing ( 1.1 ) and snail ( 1.2 ) heated. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reactor ( 1 ) and / or the housing ( 1.1 ) are sealed to the environment as far as possible or completely. Plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the feed to the reactor ( 1 ) and / or removal from the reactor ( 1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Installation according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the supply (Z) in the enclosure ( 1.1 ) and / or discharge (A) from the screw shell ( 1.1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the adjoining the feed (Z) region of the screw ( 1.2 ) has a first slope (a), in which the starting substances (SA) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the area of the screw (A) located before the discharge (A) 1.2 ) has a third slope (c) in which the end substances (SE) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the region with the first slope (a) of the diameter of the enclosure ( 1.1 ) to the diameter of the screw ( 1.2 ) and only then the height of the housing ( 1.1 ) to the height (H1.1). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the region of the third slope (c) the diameter of the enclosure ( 1.1 ) to the diameter of the screw ( 1.2 ) and before the area (c) the height of the enclosure ( 1.1 ) is increased to the height (H1.1). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a heating unit ( 2 ) associated combustor ( 5 ) for the thermal afterburning of the extracted gases / vapors (D) or from the gases / vapors (D) formed residual gases (G _rest ). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the gases / vapors (D) or residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) by means of the suction ( 3 ) the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the gases / vapors (D) or residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) a power supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a first part (T1) of the gases / vapors (D) or residual gases (G _rest ) to the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) and a second part (T2) of the gases / vapors (D) or residual gases (G _rest ) of the energy supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized that the volume of treated substances (SE) in relation to Volume of the starting substances (SA) is reduced up to 90%. Installation according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the capacitor ( 4 ) an oil separator ( 7 ) is connected downstream. Installation according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that between the oil separator ( 7 ) and the capacitor ( 4 ) a recooling plant ( 8th ) is arranged to produce a cooling circuit. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a drying and / or the pyrolysis of the starting materials ensuring temperature is adjustable. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a low-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature up to 500 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a temperature of 500 ° C to 800 ° C, which ensures the medium temperature pyrolysis is adjustable. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a high-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature above 800 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that the temperature in the reactor ( 1 ) Is 250 ° C to 800 ° C. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized that the final substances (SE) are dumpable or traceable to the economic cycle. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized that the starting substances (SA) polluted cellulose sludges, deinking sludges Mixed plastics from sorting plants, production waste, rejects, shredder waste of motor vehicle internal parts from the car recycling or DSD sorting residues are. Plant according to claim 25, characterized when using starting substances (SA) in the form of cellulose slurries and / or deinking sludges End substances (SE) in briquetted form can be used as fuel are. Plant according to claim 26, characterized that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of rejects the final substances (SE) are ash and the extracted gases / vapors (D) can be used as a fuel gas. Plant according to claim 27, characterized that the use of starting materials (SA) in the form of shredder waste from Motor vehicle interior parts from the end-of-life car recycling the final substance (SE) is ash with metal deposits and the extracted gases / vapors (D) can be used as a fuel gas. Plant according to claim 28, characterized that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of DSD sorting residues the final substance (SE) is ash with metal deposits and the extracted ones Gases / vapors (D) can be used as fuel gas. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized the end substance (SE) serving as fuel and / or the fuel gas for Operating the plant can be used. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of - minerals (eg sand, stones), - other waste from the mechanical treatment of waste, - waste from the shredding of metal-containing waste such as tetrapacks, - rejects, - cellulose slurries, - deinking sludges - oily sludges, - sludges from other treatment of industrial wastewater, - sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial wastewater, - sludges from the biological treatment of industrial waste Wastewater, - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment, - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment containing hazardous substances, - sludges or emulsions from desalinates, - sludges from physicochemical treatments, - sludges from physico-chemical treatments containing hazardous substances - wastes from sewer cleaning, - street waste, - residues from scrap processing (shredder - light fraction) - wastes, contaminated with organic pesticides, wood preservatives and other biocides, - solid waste from sand traps and oil - water separators, - wastes from the Remediation of soils and groundwater, - waste from processes of mechanical shaping and - the physical and mechanical surface - processing of metals and plastics, - ballast, containing dangerous substances, - soil and stones which do not contain dangerous substances, - fluidised bed sands resulting from the incineration or pyrolysis of waste, - wastes from waste oil treatment, - medical and hospital-specific waste, - shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts from scrap car recycling, - mixed waste plastics from sorting plants, - production waste, - DSD sorting residues, - faeces from animal husbandry, - substances from carcass disposal (eg animal meal) the volume of the treated substances (SE) in proportion reduced to the volume of the starting substances (SA). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that at the output of the reactor ( 1 ) a discharge screw ( 10 ). Plant according to claim 32, characterized in that the discharge screw ( 10 ) in a at least on its underside sieve-like perforated screw shell tube ( 11 ) is arranged. Plant according to claim 32 or 33, characterized that with the discharge screw finely divided / fine-grained final substances (SE) of larger components the end substances are separable. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that in a reactor ( 1 ) several from each one housing ( 1.1 ) and a snail ( 1.2 ) existing units are arranged. Plant according to claim 35, characterized in that several of each one housing ( 1.1 ) and a snail ( 1.2 ) existing units next to and / or one above the other in a reactor ( 1 ) are arranged. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that a plurality of reactors ( 1 ) are coupled together. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the enclosure ( 1.1 ) and the snail ( 1.2 ) have a slope which increases in the direction of the discharge opening. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized that for the treatment and treatment of metal-containing waste (Composites) based on paper and / or plastics, especially in the form of composite carton (Tetrapack), in the reactor a blending / pyrolysis of the paper and plastic component ensuring Temperature is adjustable and that the reactor is a separator is downstream, in the deposited metal of the smoldering Paper and / or Plastic shares is separable.