DE102007056907A1 - Plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastics in the form of composite carton, comprises a reactor with a housing, an inlet, an outlet and a heating unit, and a separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastics in the form of composite carton comprises a reactor (1) with a housing, in which a screw is arranged, an inlet for the waste material as initial substance (SA), an outlet for the thermally treated final substance (SE), a heating unit (2) for heating the reactor and with a suction for the suction of separated gases and vapors during the thermal treatment of the waste material, and a separator, in which metal is separated from smoldered/pyrolysed paper and/or plastic parts. The plant for thermal treatment and recycling of waste materials on the basis of paper and/or plastics in the form of composite carton, comprises a reactor (1) with a housing, in which a screw is arranged, an inlet for the waste material as initial substance (SA), an outlet for the thermally treated final substance (SE), a heating unit (2) for heating the reactor and with a suction for the suction of separated gases and vapors during the thermal treatment of the waste material, and a separator, in which metal is separated from smoldered/pyrolysed paper and/or plastic parts. The reactor and/or the housing is extensively and/or completely sealed against the environment. The inlet in the housing and/or the outlet from the housing are formed in the form of a cellular wheel sluice guaranteeing the sealing for the surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw at the inlet has a riser (a), in which the initial substances are condensed so that a sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw present itself before the outlet has a raiser (c), in which the final substances are condensed so that the sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The heating unit has a combustor (5) for thermal combustion of gas/vapor or of rest gases formed from the gas/vapor. The first part (T1) of the gas/vapor or rest gas is supplyable to the combustor and the heating unit and the second part (T2) of the gas/vapor or the rest gas is supplyable to an energy supply unit (9). The volume of the treated substances in relation to the volume of the initial substances is reduced up to 90%. A condensator (4) is arranged downstream to an oil precipitator. A recooling plant is arranged between the condensator and the oil precipitator for generating a cooling circuit. In the reactor, a temperature guaranteeing the low temperature pyrolysis of the initial substances is adjustable at up to 500[deg] C, a temperature guaranteeing the middle temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 500-800[deg] C, and a temperature guaranteeing the high temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 800[deg] C. The temperature in the reactor is 250-800[deg] C. The final substances are deposited or recirculatable into economic cycle. The initial substances are used in the form of minerals e.g. sand and stone, miscellaneous waste from the mechanical treatment of waste and from the shredders of metal containing waste like coated packaging, spit materials, cellulose sludge, deinking sludge, oil containing waste, sludge having dangerous material from the treatment of waste water in industries, biological treatment of industrial waste water, physical and chemical treatment and from sewer cleaning, sludge or emulsions from desalination, residues from scrap processing, waste with organic pesticides, wood preventives and biocides, waste from sand trap plant and oil-water precipitators, sanitation of base and ground water, mechanical chipping and/or physical and mechanical surface treatment of metal and plastic, track skeleton, sand of the turbulence layer that occur in the combustion or pyrolysis of waste, waste from waste oil processing, medical and hospital waste, shredder waste from vehicle core of the scrap car application, production wastes, DSD (Duales System Deutschland) sorting residue, faeces from animal husbandry, and/or substances from the animal body disposal. The final substances are ash with metal deposition in the use of initial substances in the form of spit material, shredder waste and/or DSD sorting residue. The sucked gas/vapor is used as combustion gas. The final substance serving as fuel and/or the combustion gas is used for the operation of the plant. The volume of the treated substance is reduced to the volume of the initial substances. The housing has height that is larger over the total length of the screw or area wisely larger than the diameter of the screw present itself in the housing, which rejuvenates itself in the cross-section towards the top. A discharge screw conveyor joins at the outlet of the reactor and is arranged in a perforated screw jacket pipe at its under side. Units existing out of housing and the screw are arranged in the reactor next to one another and/or above one another. The reactors are coupled to each other. The housing and the screw have a bias that extends in direction to discharge opening. An independent claim is included for a procedure for thermal treatment of waste materials from composite cartons by reactors.

Description

The The invention relates to a system and a method for thermal Treatment of waste materials.

The Facility can for All fields of application are used in which waste in their Volume should be reduced or otherwise thermal must be treated.

DE 196 14 689 C2 describes a multivalent-usable plant for the thermal treatment of starting substances, which has a heatable reactor in which the substances carry out an advancing and circulating movement and are exposed to a temperature of 280 to 400 ° C. The resulting gases and vapors are sucked off and condensed and can be used to heat the system.

Disadvantage of this plant is the too low temperature range, by which the treatment of some important substances, such as industrial waste from the paper industry can not be treated as well as the still large volume of the treated substances and the difficult elimination of the residual gases, thereby polluting the environment. Out DE 28 21 825 C3 a pyrolysis reactor for the conversion of waste is known, which consists essentially of a via a combustion chamber indirectly heated, rotating retort, which is assigned at one end a waste input and at the other end a discharge for pyrolized material and pyrolysis gas consists. The retort is rotated by a sprocket and is provided with an internal thread whose pitch in the region of the discharge is smaller than in the region of the waste input. Furthermore, the retort is formed as a truncated cone, which tapers in the direction of flow of the material through the retort. The retort has a very disadvantageous common exit zone in which the gas generated due to the pyrolysis reaction is separated from the pyrolyzed residue. This exit zone opens into two lines. A conduit extends downwards and serves to discharge the pyrolyzed residues from the retort, the other conduit extends upwards and serves to discharge the pyrolysis gas. From this line leads a line to the fuel inlet of the burner.

Also in DE 30 18 572 A1 a pyrolysis furnace for the pyrolysis of waste is described, with an elongated pyrolysis, which is designed as a rotary tube, a charging device at one end of the pyrolysis, a discharge at the other end of the pyrolysis, a coat comprising the jacket of the pyrolysis heater comprising a plurality of heating chambers with different Heat transfer to associated areas of the pyrolysis, having a discharge device for the resulting in the heater exhaust gases and an outlet for the resulting in the pyrolysis of the waste pyrolysis gases, which are supplied to the combustion of the heater. The feed takes place via a feed tappet and the discharge via a screw. The extracted pyrolysis gas passes either directly or through the combination of a heat exchanger and a Nachbrennkammer to the burner.

The EP 0 626 988 B1 refers to a method for heating a carbonization drum, with the heating gas always a sufficient amount of heat to be introduced into the carbonization drum. To set the temperature of the heating gas, which is generated by combustion of a partial flow of the carbonization, a controllable partial flow of effluent from the carbonization drum and thus cooled fuel gas is returned in a closed pitch to the carbonization drum and thereby added to the hot fuel gas again. In order to supply the heating gas with the missing amount of heat, the cooled heating gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is first preheated. Subsequently, the preheated fuel gas is fed back together with the burned partial flow of the carbonization of the carbonization drum. A partial flow of the hot gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is branched off from the heating gas circuit before or after the preheating. The device used for heating the carbonization drum has a combustion chamber for generating the heating gas, wherein the combustion chamber, a partial flow of the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization drum is fed. The carbonization drum is fed the waste via a screw-like feeder. The waste is pyrolyzed or carbonized in the carbonization drum by the pipes heated by hot flue gas or heating gas. The resulting carbonization and the outgassed residue are separated from each other in the discharge chamber. The residue is fed via a discharge opening of a further processing. He can z. B. burned in the combustion chamber.

The abovementioned solutions have the disadvantage that moisture in the gas enters the burner. Furthermore, it is of crucial disadvantage that when feeding the waste ambient air can get into the reactor, whereby there is a risk that forms an explosive gas mixture in the reactor. To the rotation of the entire reactor ( DE 28 21 825 C3 . DE 30 18 572 A1 . EP 0 626 988 B1 ), a relatively high energy consumption and an expensive storage of the reactor is required. Rotary kilns generally cause high investment and operating costs.

task The invention is a system and a method for thermal To develop treatment of waste materials, which is a simple has constructive design, a significant volume reduction ensures waste the treatment more diverse Allows starting substances and with a minimum energy use environmentally friendly and safe is working.

These Task is solved by the features of the 1st and 35th protection claim. Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The Plant for the thermal treatment of waste consists of at least one reactor with a feed for the waste as starting materials (SA) and a discharge for the thermally treated end substances and has a heating unit to Heating of the reactor and an exhaust for flue gases and vapors.

In the reactor one or more enclosures are arranged, wherein in each housing at least one rotating screw ( 1.2 ) is present, wherein the reactor and / or the enclosure against the environment is largely or completely sealed.

To the supply takes place to the reactor and / or discharge from the reactor and / or the feeder into the enclosure and / or the removal from the enclosure via a the seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring rotary valve.

Additionally or alternatively, it may be adjacent to the feeder area the screw have a slope in which the starting materials be compressed so that a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensures is.

Farther can be located before the discharge Section of the screw have a slope in which the final substances be compressed so that a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensures is.

Favorable Way is in the system one of the heating unit associated with the combustor for thermal afterburning of the extracted gases or vapors or integrated by residual gases formed from it.

The Gases / vapors or the residual gases are directly or via a capacitor means the suction can be fed to the combustor and the heating unit. By the feeder of gases / vapors or residual gases to the combustor and to the heating unit, it is possible that Volume of the fuel gas, which is used as starting energy for the burner the heating unit is required, if necessary reduce so much that from the burner only one support flame is available. The total heating energy for the reactor is then through the combustion extracted gases / vapors or the residual gases to disposal posed.

alternative can the gases / vapors / residual gases an energy generating device to be forwarded. Also Is it possible, a first part of the residual gases to the combustor and the heating unit and to supply a second part of the extracted gases / vapors or residual gases of the power generation device. There in the thermal treatment process, experience has shown that the volume the extracted gases / vapors or the generated residual gas is many times higher than the volume which for the Heating the reactor is required, provides the forwarding of gases / vapors or residual gases to the power generation facility an efficient Exploitation.

The Power generating device may e.g. a steam boiler and a steam engine and / or a combined heat and power plant.

The Volume of the treated substances is in proportion to the volume of the starting substances Reduced to 90%, which means only low landfill costs are recorded.

the Condenser is preferably an oil separator downstream of which lipophilic condensate and aqueous Condensate are discharged separately. Between the oil separator and the condenser, a recooling plant is arranged to produce a cooling circuit. Furthermore, the reactor can be a heat exchanger for heat recovery and / or for pre-cooling be assigned by burner air of the heating unit.

The Starting materials undergo a circulation movement and a temperature, which ensures drying and / or pyrolysis of the starting substances, the reactor (over the worm (s) in the enclosure (s). It is in the Reactor a low-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature until 500 ° C, one ensuring the medium temperature pyrolysis Temperature of 500 ° C up to 800 ° C or a high-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature above 800 ° C adjustable.

Prefers is the temperature 250 to 800 ° C.

The cycle time, the speed of the screw in the reactor and the residence time depend on the moisture content of the outlet substances.

The Final substances are either dumpable or in the economic cycle traceable. By the big ones Volume and mass losses occur only low landfill costs on. Some substances can without or with little reworking the economic cycle be fed again.

• – sonstige Abfälle aus der mechanischen Behandlung von Abfällen,
• – Abfälle aus dem Schreddern von metallhaltigen Abfällen, wie Verbundkarton (Tetrapack),
• – Schlämme aus einer anderen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser,
• – Schlämme, die gefährliche Stoffe aus einer anderen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser enthalten,
• – Schlämme aus der biologischen Behandlung von industriellem Abwasser,
• – Schlämme aus der betriebseigenen Abwasserbehandlung,
• – Schlämme aus der betriebseigenen Abwasserbehandlung, die gefährliche Stoffe enthalten,
• – Schlämme oder Emulsionen aus Entsalzern, Schlämme aus physikalisch-chemischen Behandlungen,
• – Schlämme aus physikalisch-chemischen Behandlungen, die gefährliche Stoffe enthalten,
• – Zelluloseschlämme,
• – Spuckstoffe,
• – Deinking-Schlämme,
• – ölhaltige Schlämme.
• – Abfälle aus der Kanalreinigung,
• – Straßenkehricht,
• – Rückstände aus der Schrottaufbereitung (Schredder-Leicht-Fraktion,
• – Abfälle, behaftet mit organischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln, Holzschutzmitteln und anderen Bioziden,
• – feste Abfälle aus Sandfanganlagen und Öl-Wasserabscheidern,
• – Abfälle aus der Sanierung von Böden und Grundwasser,
• – Abfälle aus Prozessen der mechanischen Formgebung sowie der physikalischen und mechanischen Oberflächenbearbeitung von Metallen und Kunststoffen,
• – Gleisschotter, der gefährliche Stoffe enthält,
• – Boden und Steine, die keine gefährlichen Stoffe enthalten,
• – Sande aus der Wirbelschicht, die bei der Verbrennung oder Pyrolyse von Abfällen anfallen,
• – Abfälle aus der Altölaufbereitung,
• – medizinische und krankenhausspezifische Abfälle,
• – Schredderabfälle von Kraftfahrzeuginnenteilen aus der Altautoverwertung,
• – verschmutzte Mischkunststoffe aus Sortieranlagen,
• – Produktionsabfälle,
• – DSD-Sortierreste,
• – Hühnerkot und andere Fäkalien aus der Tierhaltung
• – sowie Mineralien (z.B. Sand, Steine), wobei hier nur eine unwesentliche Volumenreduzierung stattfindet.

As starting materials, for example, cellulose sludges, rejects, shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts or DSD sorting residues (DSD = dual system Germany) and, for example, aluminum-containing fractions can be used. Furthermore, it is possible to treat the following waste materials and thus to significantly reduce their volume:

• - other waste from the mechanical treatment of waste,
• - waste from the shredding of metal-containing waste, such as composite carton (Tetrapack),
• - sludges from another treatment of industrial wastewater,
• - sludges containing dangerous substances from another treatment of industrial wastewater,
• Sludges from the biological treatment of industrial wastewater,
• - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment,
• - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment containing hazardous substances,
• - sludges or emulsions of desalting, sludges of physico-chemical treatments,
• - sludges from physico-chemical treatments containing dangerous substances,
• - cellulose slurries,
• - rejects,
• - deinking sludge,
• - oily sludges.
• - waste from sewer cleaning,
• - street sweep,
• - residues from scrap processing (shredder-light fraction,
• - waste containing organic pesticides, wood preservatives and other biocides,
• - solid waste from sand traps and oil separators,
• - waste from the remediation of soil and groundwater,
• - waste from processes of mechanical shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics,
• - ballast, containing dangerous substances,
• - soil and stones that do not contain dangerous substances,
• - sands of the fluidized bed resulting from the incineration or pyrolysis of waste,
• - waste from waste oil treatment,
• - medical and hospital-specific waste,
• - Shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts from end-of-life car recycling,
• - polluted mixed plastics from sorting plants,
• - production waste,
• - DSD sorting residues,
• - chicken droppings and other faeces from animal husbandry
• - As well as minerals (eg sand, stones), where only an insignificant volume reduction takes place.

Become e.g. cellulosic slurry thermally treated as starting substances in the system (preferably at 350 ° C) For example, the final substance, which is a cellulosic powder, may be briquetted and used in briquetted form as a fuel.

At the Use of waste materials - starting substances (SA) in the form of rejects arises as the final substance (SE) predominantly Ashes and a big one Volume fraction of residual gas, which can be used as fuel gas.

Starting materials (SA) in the form of shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts yield as final substance (SE) ashes with metal deposits and residual gas (G _rest ), which can be used as fuel gas. If DSD sorting residues are treated as the starting substance, ash with metal deposits is produced as the final substance (SE). For example, if the DSD sorting residues consist of plastic / paper / waste with aluminum buildup (such as composite board / tetra packs), the ashes contain larger amounts of metal deposits of almost pure aluminum. The residual gas formed in the thermal treatment of the DSD sorting residues can also be used as fuel gas.

The Residual gas is, as described above, either as fuel gas the combustor and the heating unit or a power generating device to disposal posed.

One or more screws are arranged in each case in a housing in the reactor. In it, the starting substances are circulated and moved and exposed to the temperature prevailing in the reactor or in the enclosure. Each screw shell preferably has a height which is greater than the diameter of the screw located in the screw shell. Furthermore, the screw shell tapers in cross section upwards, wherein the suction for the vapors is preferably arranged in this area, whereby ge Ensures that fine particles and dust can not get into the suction.

The Enclosures are preferably arranged rotationally fixed.

At The output of the reactor can be followed by a discharge screw, the in a at least on its underside sieve-like perforated screw shell tube is arranged to dust, ash and other smaller final substances of larger final substances (e.g., metal deposits).

Farther Is it possible, in a reactor several from each a screw shell and a Worm existing units e.g. next to and / or above each other to arrange in a reactor.

It can Also, several reactors are coupled together.

Of the The worm shell and the screw should have a slope towards the discharge opening increases.

Around To ensure the cleaning of the interior of the reactor, this can in his Wall have one or more access openings.

to Preparation and treatment of metal-containing waste materials the basis of paper and / or plastics, in particular in the form of composite board (Tetrapack), is a fumigation in the reactor Pyrolysis of the paper and plastic content ensuring temperature adjustable and downstream of the reactor, a separator, in the deposited Metal from the smudged paper and / or plastic parts is separable.

The Invention is based on an embodiment and associated Drawing closer explained. Show it:

1 : Schematic diagram of the system according to the invention in the form of a block diagram,

2 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the housing, in which a screw with different pitches is arranged, without rotary valves,

3 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the enclosure, in which a screw is arranged with different slopes, with a rotary valve at the exit,

4 : Cross-section of a screw shell with screw therein,

5 : Representation of an aluminum fraction, which was obtained from appropriately treated composite board.

The reactor 1 has gem. 1 a first rotary valve (Z1) for the supply of the starting substances SA and a second rotary valve (Z2) for the discharge of the treated substances SE. The rotary valves Z1, Z2 ensure an almost complete seal against the surrounding atmosphere, so that no oxygen in the reactor via the ambient air 1 can penetrate, whereby a risk of explosion is excluded. The starting substance SA passes through the reactor under a circulation movement 1 by a in a non-rotatable screw casing pipe (housing 1.1 ) rotating screw 1.2 at a temperature of 250 to 800 ° C. For this purpose, the reactor is a heating unit 2 as well as a combustor 5 assigned. The resulting during the thermal treatment steam D (pyrolysis gases) is by means of a suction fan 3 from the reactor 1 aspirated. That by the heating unit 2 generated flue gas G _smoke is discharged through the chimney. The vapor D reaches a condenser 4 in which the water contained therein condenses out. That from the condenser 4 derived residual gas ^G rest, is via a combustor 5 , which serves for thermal afterburning of the residual gas, in a first partial flow T1 of the heating unit 2 and in a second substream T2 of a power plant 9 fed. This is between capacitor 4 and combustor 5 the suction fan 3 provided by which also the suction of the vapors D from the reactor 1 via its auger tube 1.1 he follows.

It is possible, to interrupt the first partial flow T1 or the second partial flow T2, so that the residual gas only the heating unit or only the power generation device fed to the combustion becomes.

The condensate K is from the condenser an oil separator 7 fed. Between capacitor 4 and oil separator 7 a filter F is arranged. The cooling of the capacitor 4 via the cooling water WK / the cooling circuit of a recooling plant 8th between oil separator 7 and capacitor 4 , From the oil separator 7 Lipophilic condensate K1 and aqueous condensate K2 is discharged into corresponding receptacle.

The aforementioned solution represents a distillative process for the thermal treatment of wastes such as e.g. Grinding sludge, rolling and forging, sewage sludge etc.

For the realization of a pyrolysis for the treatment of other waste materials are the plant parts 4.7 . 8th , K1, K2 not required. Instead, a dust wheel, suction fan and a filter (eg a cyclone filter / a multi-cyclone battery) are used for the partial flow T1 and for the partial flow T2 after a filter / cyclone an energetic use ( 9 ), which generates, for example, superheated steam and allows a turbine to generate electricity.

remaining By-products such as pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis coke are removed from the process and possibly further treated or disposed of.

2 and 3 show the schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the enclosure 1.1 (Screw jacket tube) of a reactor 1 in which a snail 1.2 is arranged with different gradients. In the space between the wall W of the reactor 1 and the housing 1.1 Heating medium H is supplied, which with the burner / Combustorsystem (not shown here) ( 1 ) and was discharged as flue gas G _smoke . After feeding for the starting materials SA has the screw 1.2 such a small slope a that the starting substances SA are compressed and thus seal themselves or additionally against the environment. This is followed by a region with a larger gradient b, in which the density of the substances to be treated is reduced again, so that their thermal treatment can take place, the volume of the starting substances being considerably reduced. In this area, there is also the suction for the resulting from the starting materials by the action of temperature of the heating medium gases / vapors D.

It closes gem. 2 an area of the snail 1.2 with a lower slope c. The pitch c is chosen so that the treated substances SE are compressed and thus seal itself or additionally against the environment. The slope c can be reduced in dependence on the volume reduction compared to the slope a.

Alternatively, it is possible, the derivative of the treated substances SE at the same or gem. 3 decreasing slope of the screw 1.2 via a Zeller Z2. In this case, the supply of the starting substances takes place as in 2 at reduced pitch a of the screw 1.2 so that they seal themselves. Then the slope of the screw increases 1.2 to the value b, so that the volume of the substances to be treated per slope is reduced. Since the volume of the substances is greatly reduced by the thermal treatment, the pitch of the screw can 2.2 be gradually reduced to the value b, without here a seal inside the screw 1.2 he follows. The seal against the environment is carried out by the rotary valve Z2 as discharge of the treated substances SE.

The housing 1.1 is gem. 2 and 3 fixed to the frame and the screw 1.2 rotates in the enclosure 1.1 ,

In 3 is after the second rotary valve Z2 a discharge screw 10 in a screw tube 11 arranged.

The auger tube 11 has on its underside a screen-like perforation (not shown), through which dust, ash and Feinabscheidungen down into a collecting container 12 fall. The remaining starting substances, such as metal deposits, may be in a briquetting station, for example 13 be briquetted, whereby their volume is further reduced and / or further handling is improved.

With the solution according to the invention it possible for the first time e.g. from DSD sorting residues, like composite carton packages (Tetrapacks) for drinks or other food, containing aluminum, fast and extremely energy efficient aluminum regain.

The life cycle assessment for such Packaging can thus be significantly improved.

4 shows possible cross sections of a housing 1.1 with snail inside 1.2 , The housing 1.1 follows in its lower part of the curvature of the screw 1.2 and has in image a an upwardly substantially rectangular extending cross-section whose height H1.1 is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw. In 4 Image b, the upwardly extending region has a substantially trapezoidal shape and in image c are the side regions of the upwards over the screw 1.2 Outwardly extending portion convexly curved, whereby the flow conditions of the extracted gases / vapors D are significantly improved. The suction 1.3 for the gases / vapors D is in each case in the uppermost area of the enclosure 1.1 tethered. Alternatively, other, for example, triangular shapes are possible, it should be ensured that the height H of the enclosure is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw 1.2 because it causes the suction 1.3 is guaranteed better and more reliable and not so much fine solid particles are sucked with.

In 5 an aluminum fraction (almost pure aluminum) is shown, which with the inventive device from shredded Ab cases of the dual system containing composite board with aluminum.

The scraps of the dual system (composite board and other plastics) shredded and at a temperature of 350 to 650 ° C in the reactor treated. The final substance is ashes with almost pure aluminum. The extracted gas can be used to operate the system or otherwise Fuel can be used.

With the solution according to the invention It is thus possible for the first time in only one process step from shredded waste of the Dual system again almost pure metal / aluminum to win back.

With the solution according to the invention can continue a surprise size Volume reduction of different starting materials achieved become. It contains valuable substances that are otherwise mixed with the waste materials have landed on the landfill, e.g. Metal fractions, can taken from the final substances and recycled to the economic cycle.

Claims (53)

Plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials, consisting of at least one reactor ( 1 ) with at least one housing ( 1.1 ), in which at least one screw ( 1.2 ) and with a feed for the waste substances as starting substances (SA) and a discharge for the thermally treated end substances (SE) and with a heating unit ( 2 ) for heating the reactor ( 1 ) and with a connected suction ( 3 ) for the gases / vapors (D) separated during the thermal treatment of the waste materials, the reactor ( 1 ) and / or the housing ( 1.1 ) is largely or completely sealed from the environment. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed to the reactor ( 1 ) and / or removal from the reactor ( 1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply to the enclosure, in which the screw is arranged ( 1.1 ) and / or removal from the enclosure ( 1.1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adjoining the feed area of the screw ( 1.2 ) has a slope (a) in which the starting substances (SA) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the area of the screw ( 1.2 ) has a pitch (c) in which the end substances (SE) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a heating unit ( 2 ) associated combustor ( 5 ) for thermal afterburning of the gases / vapors (D) or from the gases / vapors (D) formed residual gases (G _rest ). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gases / vapors (D) or the residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) by means of the suction ( 3 ) the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gases / vapors (D) or the residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) a power supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a first part (T1) of the gases / vapors (D) or the residual gases (G _rest ) to the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) and a second part (T2) of the residual gases (G _rest ) of the energy supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that the volume of treated substances (SE) in relation to Volume of the starting substances (SA) is reduced up to 90%. Installation according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the capacitor ( 4 ) an oil separator ( 7 ) is connected downstream. Installation according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that between the oil separator ( 7 ) and the capacitor ( 4 ) a recooling plant ( 8th ) is arranged to produce a cooling circuit. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a drying and / or the pyrolysis of the starting materials ensuring temperature is adjustable. Plant according to claim 13, characterized gekenn records that in the reactor ( 1 ) a low-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature up to 500 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a temperature of 500 ° C to 800 ° C, which ensures the medium temperature pyrolysis is adjustable. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a high-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature above 800 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the temperature in the reactor ( 1 ) Is 250 ° C to 800 ° C. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized that the final substances (SE) are dumpable or traceable to the economic cycle. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized that the starting substances (SA) polluted cellulose sludges, deinking sludges Mixed plastics from sorting plants, production waste, rejects, shredder waste of motor vehicle internal parts from the car recycling or DSD sorting residues are. Plant according to claim 14, characterized in that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of cellulose slurries and / or deinking sludges End substances (SE) in briquetted form can be used as fuel are. Plant according to claim 19, characterized that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of rejects the final substances (SE) are ash and the extracted gases / vapors (D) can be used as a fuel gas. Plant according to claim 19, characterized that the use of starting materials (SA) in the form of shredder waste from Motor vehicle interior parts from the end-of-life car recycling the final substance (SE) is ash with metal deposits and the extracted gases / vapors (D) can be used as a fuel gas. Plant according to claim 19, characterized that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of DSD sorting residues the final substance (SE) is ash with metal deposits and the extracted ones Gases / vapors (D) can be used as fuel gas. Installation according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized the end substance (SE) serving as fuel and / or the fuel gas for Operating the plant can be used. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the use of starting materials (SA) in the form of - minerals (eg sand, stones), - other waste from the mechanical treatment of waste, - waste from the shredding of metal-containing waste such as tetrapacks, - rejects, - cellulose slurries, - deinking sludges - oily sludges, - sludges from other treatment of industrial wastewater, - sludges containing dangerous substances from other treatment of industrial wastewater, - sludges from the biological treatment of industrial waste Wastewater, - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment, - sludges from in-house wastewater treatment containing hazardous substances, - sludges or emulsions from desalinates, - sludges from physico-chemical treatments, - sludges from physico-chemical treatments containing hazardous substances - wastes from sewer cleaning, - street waste, - residues from scrap processing (shredder - light fraction) - wastes, contaminated with organic pesticides, wood preservatives and other biocides, - solid waste from sand traps and oil - water separators, - wastes from the Remediation of soil and groundwater, - waste from mechanical forming processes, and - physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics, - ballast, containing dangerous substances, - soil and stones containing no dangerous substances, - fluidised sand, waste resulting from the incineration or pyrolysis of waste, - wastes from waste oil treatment, - medical and hospital-specific waste, - shredder waste from motor vehicle interior parts from used car recycling, - soiled mixed plastics from sorting plants, - production waste , - DSD sorting residues, - faeces from animal husbandry, - substances from rendering (eg animal meal) the volume of the treated substances (SE) is reduced in relation to the volume of the starting substances (SA). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the enclosure ( 1.1 ) has a height (H1.1) which is greater over the entire length of the screw or in some areas larger than the diameter (D1.2) in the housing ( 1.1 ) ( 1.2 ). Plant according to claim 26, characterized in that the enclosure ( 1.1 ) tapers in cross section upwards. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that at the output of the reactor ( 1 ) a discharge screw ( 10 ). Plant according to claim 28, characterized in that the discharge screw ( 10 ) in a at least on its underside sieve-like perforated screw shell tube ( 11 ) is arranged. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that in a reactor ( 1 ) several from each one housing ( 1.1 ) and a snail ( 1.2 ) existing units are arranged. Installation according to claim 30, characterized in that several of each of a housing ( 1.1 ) and a snail ( 1.2 ) existing units next to and / or one above the other in a reactor ( 1 ) are arranged. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that a plurality of reactors ( 1 ) are coupled together. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the enclosure ( 1.1 ) and the snail ( 1.2 ) have a slope which increases in the direction of the discharge opening. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized that for the treatment and treatment of metal-containing waste based on paper and / or plastics, in particular in Form of composite board (Tetrapack), in the reactor a Verschwelen / a Pyrolysis of the paper and plastic content ensuring temperature adjustable is and that the reactor is followed by a separator, in the separated metal from the smoldering paper and / or Plastic shares is separable. Process for the thermal treatment of waste materials, using at least one reactor ( 1 ) from at least housing ( 1.1 ), in which at least one rotating screw ( 1.2 ), with a feed (Z) for the waste substances as starting substances (SA) and a discharge (A) for the thermally treated end substances (SE) and with a heating unit ( 2 ) and with a suction ( 3 ) for the gases / vapors (D) generated from the waste under the effect of temperature, wherein the thermal treatment of the waste material is carried out at a relative to the environment as far as possible or complete seal. Process according to claim 35, characterized in that in the feed to the reactor ( 1 ) and / or in the discharge from the reactor ( 1 ) a seal to the surrounding atmosphere takes place. A method according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that in the feed (Z) to the housing ( 1.1 ) and / or in the discharge (A) of the enclosure ( 1.1 ) a seal to the surrounding atmosphere takes place. Method according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized that in which is attached to the feeder (Z) subsequent Area of the screw, the starting substances (SA) are compressed so that they ensure a seal to the surrounding atmosphere. Method according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that in the area of the screw (A) located in front of the discharge (A) 1.2 ) the treated substances (SE) are compressed so as to ensure a seal to the surrounding atmosphere. Method according to one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that in one of the heating unit ( 2 ) associated combustor ( 5 ) a thermal afterburning of the extracted gases / vapors (D) or from the gases / vapors (D) formed residual gases (G _rest ) takes place. Method according to one of claims 35 to 40, characterized in that the extracted gases / vapors (D) or from the gases / vapors (D) formed residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ). Method according to one of claims 35 to 41, characterized in that the extracted gases / vapors (D) or from the gases / vapors (D) formed residual gases (G _rest ) directly or via a capacitor ( 4 ) a power supply device ( 9 ). Method according to one of claims 35 to 42, characterized in that a first part (T1) of the gases / vapors (D) or the residual gases _{( Grest )} the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) and a second part (T2) of the residual gases (G _rest ) of the energy supply device ( 9 ). Method according to one of claims 35 to 43, characterized in that by the in the reactor ( 1 ) thermal treatment of the waste materials, the volume of the treated substances (SE) is reduced in relation to the volume of the starting substances (SA) up to 90%. Method according to one of claims 41 or 42, characterized in that a cooling of the capacitor ( 4 ) he follows. Process according to one of Claims 35 to 44, characterized in that the temperature in the reactor ( 1 ) / the housing ( 1.1 ) drying and / or pyrolysis of the starting materials takes place. Process according to claim 46, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) at a temperature up to 500 ° C, a low-temperature pyrolysis. Process according to claim 46, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) / the housing ( 1.1 ) is carried out at a temperature of 500 ° C to 800 ° C, a medium-temperature pyrolysis. Process according to claim 46, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) / the housing ( 1.1 ) at a temperature above 800 ° C, a high-temperature pyrolysis takes place. Method according to one of claims 35 to 49, characterized in that the temperature in the reactor ( 1 ) / the housing ( 1.1 ) Is 250 ° C to 800 ° C. Method according to one of claims 35 to 50, characterized that for the thermal treatment and treatment of metal-containing Wastes based on paper and / or plastics, in particular in the form of composite carton (Tetrapack), the waste in the reactor be exposed to a temperature that is a bleaching / pyrolysis ensures the paper and plastic content and then the Metal is separated from the smudged paper and plastic parts. Process according to claim 51, characterized in that that the temperature is 300 to 650 ° C. Method according to one of Claims 35 to 52, characterized in that the gases / vapors and / or residual gases released by the action of temperature from the starting substances and / or the solid substances which have been eliminated in solid form are used to heat the reactor ( 1 ) can be used.