WO2020223431A1 - Polythérapies comprenant de l'aprémilast et des inhibiteurs de tyk2 - Google Patents

Polythérapies comprenant de l'aprémilast et des inhibiteurs de tyk2 Download PDF

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WO2020223431A1
WO2020223431A1 PCT/US2020/030608 US2020030608W WO2020223431A1 WO 2020223431 A1 WO2020223431 A1 WO 2020223431A1 US 2020030608 W US2020030608 W US 2020030608W WO 2020223431 A1 WO2020223431 A1 WO 2020223431A1
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day
substituted
per day
dioxo
methylsulfonyl
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PCT/US2020/030608
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English (en)
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Peter Henry SCHAFER
Robert PLENGE
Mary Adams
Lisa BEEBE
Gilles BUCHWALTER
Tiffany CARR
Te-Chen TZENG
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Celgene Corporation
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Priority to JP2021564471A priority Critical patent/JP7453251B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217038512A priority patent/KR20220002489A/ko
Priority to CN202080046457.XA priority patent/CN114206333A/zh
Priority to SG11202112018YA priority patent/SG11202112018YA/en
Priority to AU2020266143A priority patent/AU2020266143A1/en
Priority to CA3138686A priority patent/CA3138686A1/fr
Application filed by Celgene Corporation filed Critical Celgene Corporation
Priority to MX2021013318A priority patent/MX2021013318A/es
Priority to EP20725978.9A priority patent/EP3962476A1/fr
Priority to BR112021021826A priority patent/BR112021021826A8/pt
Publication of WO2020223431A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020223431A1/fr
Priority to IL287670A priority patent/IL287670A/en
Priority to CONC2021/0015622A priority patent/CO2021015622A2/es

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/4035—Isoindoles, e.g. phthalimide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/501—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/555—Heterocyclic compounds containing heavy metals, e.g. hemin, hematin, melarsoprol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

  • BMS-986165 elicit complementary effects against certain pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • BMS-986165 for example, increased TNF-a and GM-CSF cytokine in whole blood assay, while apremilast inhibited the production of these cytokines. See e.g., Table 5 where the % control for 1 mM apremilast was 10.7 and the % control for 0.01 mM BMS-986165 was 143.1 against TNF-oc.
  • apremilast corrected the deficiency of BMS- 986165 thereby producing a complementary effect of 13.5% inhibition against TNF-oc.
  • BMS-986165 In addition to whole blood assay, the combination of BMS-986165 and apremilast elicit complementary effects against certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS stimulated PBMCs as well. BMS-986165 increased IL-23, IL-12 and TNF-oc, while apremilast inhibited the production of these cytokines. See e.g., Table 6 in the Exemplification section. These results further support the advantage of combining BMS-986165 and apremilast in treatment of Thl7 related diseases.
  • diseases or disorders responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 in a subject using an effective amount of apremilast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of a Tyk2 inhibitor such as BMS-986165.
  • diseases and disorders include e.g., inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis.
  • compositions comprising an effective amount of apremilast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of a Tyk2 inhibitor such as BMS-986165.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates interleukin- 17a (IL-17a) cytokine production (percent of control) by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • IL-17a interleukin- 17a
  • ThO anti-CD3/anti-CD28
  • Thl-7 anti-CD3/anti-CD28
  • IL-6 and IL-23 Thl-7
  • IL-17A interleukin- 17 A
  • ThO anti-CD3/anti-CD28
  • Thl7 anti-CD3/anti-CD28
  • Thl7 stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates interleukin- 17F (IL-17F) cytokine production (percent of control) by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • IL-17F interleukin- 17F
  • FIG. 4 illustrates interleukin- 17F (IL-17F) cytokine production by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • IL-17F interleukin- 17F
  • FIG. 5 illustrates interleukin- 22 (IL-22) cytokine production (percent of control) by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates interleukin- 22 (IL-22) cytokine production by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • IL-22 interleukin- 22
  • FIG. 7 illustrates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) cytokine production (percent of control) by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti- CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • TNF-a tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • FIG. 8 illustrates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) cytokine production by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • TNF-a tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • FIG. 9 illustrates granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokine production (percent of control) by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti- CD28 (ThO) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor
  • FIG. 10 illustrates granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokine production by apremilast and BMS-986165 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (ThO) or anti- CD3/anti-CD28, IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23 (Thl7) stimulated whole blood - TruCulture® tube assay.
  • GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • FIG. 11 illustrates interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokine production by apremilast in Lipopolysaccharide (IPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  • IPS Lipopolysaccharide
  • PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • FIG. 12 illustrates interleukin-23 (IL-23) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates interleukin- 12p40 (IL-12p40) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates interleukin- 12p70 (IL-12p70) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • IL-12p70 interleukin- 12p70
  • Tyk2i BMS-986165
  • FIG. 15 illustrates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • TNF-a tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • FIG. 16 illustrates interferon gamma (IFN-g) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • IFN-g interferon gamma
  • FIG. 17 illustrates monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1 (MCP-1) cytokine production by apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS-986165) in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates fixed dose combination effects of apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS- 986165) in IL-17A whole blood.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates fixed dose combination effects of apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS- 986165) in IL-17F whole blood.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates fixed dose combination effects of apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS- 986165) in IL-22 whole blood.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates fixed dose combination effects of apremilast and Tyk2i (BMS- 986165) in TNF-a whole blood.
  • a disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme IV comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of N-[2-[(lS)-l-(3-ethoxy- 4-metho xyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2, 3-dihydro- 1,3-dioxo- lH-isoindo 1-4- yl] acetamide (apremilast), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of a Tyk2 inhibitor.
  • PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme IV
  • PDE4 phosphodiesterase isoenzyme IV
  • PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme IV
  • Apremilast has a chiral center designated as (S) in the chemical structure and name.
  • this designation means that apremilast is optically enriched as the (S) enantiomer at this position in an amount of at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 99.9% relative to the corresponding (R) enantiomer.
  • apremilast is referred to herein as being stereomerically or enantiomerically pure at a specified amount, it means that the (S) enantiomer is enriched in that amount.
  • N-[2-[(lS)-l-(3-ethoxy-4- methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-l,3-dioxo-lH-isoindol-4-yl]acetamide that is at least 95% stereomerically pure means that the compound contains greater than or equal to 95% of the (S) enantiomer and 5% or less of the (R) enantiomer.
  • apremilast and a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor are administered together.
  • apremilast and a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor are administered at different times on the same day.
  • apremilast and a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor are administered at different times as separate tablets or capsules.
  • apremilast and a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor are administered in a fixed dose combination in the same tablet or capsule.
  • the term“subject” means an animal, such as a mammal, and such as a human.
  • the terms“subject” and“patient” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term“effective amount” or“therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound described herein that will elicit a biological or medical response of a subject e.g., a dosage of between 0.001 - 100 mg/kg body weight/day.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not adversely affect the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated, and which is also safe for human use.
  • compositions of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose- based substances (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and crosscarmellose sodium), polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers,
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids or bases including inorganic acids and bases and organic acids and bases.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts for the compounds described herein include, but are not limited to include metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from lysine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylene diamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procaine.
  • Suitable non-toxic acids include, but are not limited to, inorganic and organic acids such as acetic, alginic, anthranilic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethenesulfonic, formic, fumaric, furoic, galacturonic, gluconic, glucuronic, glutamic, glycolic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, propionic, salicylic, stearic, succinic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tartaric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • inorganic and organic acids such as acetic, alginic, anthranilic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulf
  • Crystall refers to a solid form of a compound wherein there exists long-range atomic order in the positions of the atoms. The crystalline nature of a solid can be confirmed, for example, by examination of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern.
  • A“single crystalline form” means that the recited compound, i.e., N-[2-[(lS)-l-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2- (methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-l,3-dioxo-lH-isoindol-4-yl]acetamide, is present as a single crystal or a plurality of crystals in which each crystal has the same crystal form (e.g., crystalline Form B).
  • the crystal form is defined as a specified percentage of one particular single crystalline form of the compound, the remainder is made up of amorphous form and/or crystalline forms other than the one or more particular forms that are specified.
  • a disclosed crystalline form is at least 80% a single crystalline form, at least 90% a single crystalline form, at least 95% a single crystalline form, or at least 99% a single crystalline form by weight. Percent by weight of a particular crystal form is determined by the weight of the particular crystal form divided by the sum weight of the particular crystal, plus the weight of the other crystal forms present plus the weight of amorphous form present multiplied by 100%.
  • amorphous refers to a solid that is present in a non-crystalline state or form.
  • Amorphous solids are disordered arrangements of molecules and therefore possess no distinguishable crystal lattice or unit cell and consequently have no definable long range ordering.
  • Solid state ordering of solids may be determined by standard techniques known in the art, e.g., by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • Amorphous solids can also be differentiated from crystalline solids e.g., by birefringence using polarized light microscopy.
  • the 2-theta values of the X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the crystalline forms described herein may vary slightly from one instrument to another and also depending on variations in sample preparation and batch to batch variation due to factors such as
  • Tyk2 inhibitors used in the disclosed methods and compositions include compounds which block the action of tyrosine kinase 2, a non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase encoded by the Tyk2 gene.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, those described in Xingrui He et al., Expert Opinion on Therapeutics Patents 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, 137-149, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • Exemplary compounds having this formula as part of the third embodiment include, but are not limited to, those having the formula:
  • Tyk2 inhibitors as part of the third embodiment include those in WO 2008/139161, and WO 2010/055304, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • Tyk2 inhibitors include those in WO 2012/062704, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formulae:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • R is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, or a 5-10 membered heterocycle containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, each group substituted with 0-4 R 3a ;
  • R 3a together with the atoms to which they are attached, combine to form a fused ring wherein said ring is selected from phenyl and a 5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, S or O said fused ring further substituted by R al ;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, C 1.4 alkyl substituted with 0-1 R f , (CH 2 - phenyl substituted with 0-3 R d , or a -(CH 2 )-5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(0) p ;
  • R d at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , - OR e , -(CH 2 ) r C(0)R c , -NR e R e , -NR e C(0)OR c , C 1 _ 6 alkyl, or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3
  • R independently at each occurrence is hydrogen, halo, CN, N3 ⁇ 4, OH, C3-6cycloalkyl, CF3, O( C 1-6 alkyl), or a— (CH 2 ) r -5-7 membered heteroaryl comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(0) p ;
  • R 5 is C 1-3 alkyl optionally substituted by 0-7 R 1 a
  • R 1a at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, deuterium, F, CI, Br, CF3 or CN;
  • R 3 is -(CH 2 ) r -3-14 membered carbocycle substituted 0-5 R 3a ;
  • R 3a or two R 3a , together with the atoms to which they are attached, combine to form a fused ring wherein said ring is selected from phenyl and a 5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, S or O, said fused ring may be further substituted by R a ;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl substituted with 0-1 R f ,
  • R 6 and R 11 at each occurrence are independently hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R f , CF 3 , C 3-10 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-1 R f , (CH) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R d , or -(CH 2 ) r -5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4
  • heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p substituted with 0-3 R d ;
  • R a at each occurrence is hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN, NO 2 ,
  • R c is C 1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R f , (CH 2 ) r- C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-3 R f or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R f ;
  • R d at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, OCF3, CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , OR e , -(CH 2 ) r C(O)R c , NR e R e , -NR e C(O)OR c , C 1-6 alkyl or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R f ;
  • R e at each occurrence is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl,
  • R independently at each occurrence is hydrogen, halo, CN, N3 ⁇ 4, OH,
  • p 0, 1, or 2;
  • r 0, 1,2,3, or 4.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formula:
  • Y is N or CR 6 ;
  • R 1a at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br or CN;
  • R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl, -(CH 2 ) r -3-14 membered carbocycle substituted with 0-1 R 2a or a 5-14 membered heterocycle containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, each group substituted with 0-4 R 2a (for the sake of clarity, R 2 is intended to include substituted methyl groups such as -C(O)R 2a );
  • R 3a or two R 3a , together with the atoms to which they are attached, combine to form a fused ring wherein said ring is selected from phenyl and a heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p , each fused ring substituted with 0- 3 R a1 ;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl substituted with 0-1 R f , (CH 2 ) r- phenyl substituted with 0-3 R d or a -(CH 2 )-5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p ;
  • R 11 at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R f , CF 3 , C 3-10 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-1 R f , (CH)r-phenyl substituted with 0-3 R d or -(CH 2 )r- 5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p substituted with 0-3 R d ;
  • R a and R a1 at each occurrence are independently hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CHF 2 , CN, NO 2 , -(CH 2 ) r OR b , -(CH 2 ) r SR b , -(CH 2 ) r C(O)R b , -(CH 2 ) r C(O)OR b , -(CH 2 ) r OC(O)R b , -
  • R b is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R d , C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R d , or -(CH 2 ) r -5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p substituted with 0-3 R f or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R d ;
  • R c is C1-6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R f , (CH2)r-C3-6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-3 R f or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R f ;
  • R d at each occurrence is independently hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, OCF 3 , CF 3 , CN, NO 2 , - OR e , -(CH 2 ) r C(O)R c , -NR e R e , -NR e C(O)OR c , C 1-6 alkyl or (CH 2 ) r -phenyl substituted with 0-3 R f ;
  • R f independently at each occurrence is hydrogen, halo, CN, NH 2 , OH, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, CF 3 , O(C 1-6 alkyl) or a -(CH 2 ) r -5-7 membered heterocycle comprising carbon atoms and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S(O) p ;
  • p 0, 1, or 2;
  • r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein additional definitions and specific compounds are as described in US 9,505,748 and WO 2018/0162889, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the disclosed Tyk2 inhibitors may be selected from those having the formulae:
  • the Tyk2 inhibitor described herein is 6- (cyclopropanecarboxamido)-4-((2-methoxy-3-(l-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)phenyl)amino)-N-(methyl-d3)pyridazine-3-carboxamide (BMS-986165), having the following chemical structure:
  • the specific dosage and treatment regimen for a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor to be used in combination with apremilast will depend upon a variety of factors, including age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the judgment of the treating physician, and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
  • the effective amount of a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor (e.g., as in any one of the second to thirtieth embodiment) to be used in combination with apremilast ranges from 0.001 to 50 mg/kg body weight/day.
  • the effective amount of a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor (e.g., as in any one of the second to thirtieth embodiment) to be used in combination with apremilast ranges from about 0.1 mg/day to about 250 mg/day, e.g., from about 0.2 mg/day to about 100 mg./day, about 0.5 mg/ day to about 50 mg/day, and about 1.0 mg to about 24 mg/day.
  • the Tyk2 inhibitor described herein is BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the effective amount of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, ranges from about 0.1 mg/day to about 250 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 100 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 25 mg/day 0.1 mg/day to about 15 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 10 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 15 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 10 mg/day, about 0.1 mg/day to about 5 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day to about 5 mg/day, about 1 mg/day to about 25 mg/day, about 2 mg/day to about 14 mg/day, about 2 mg/day to about 12 mg/day, or about 3 mg/day to about 12 mg/day.
  • the effective amount of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 1 mg/day to about 15 mg/day, about 1 mg/day to about 14 mg/day, about 2 mg/day to about 14 mg/day, about 2 mg/day to about 12 mg/day, or about 3 mg/day to about 12 mg/day.
  • the Tyk2 inhibitor described herein is BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the effective amount of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is about 0.1 mg/day, about 0.5 mg/day, about 1.0 mg/day, about 2 mg/day, about 3 mg/day, about 4 mg/day, about 5 mg/day, about 6 mg/day, about 7 mg/day, about 8 mg/day, about 9 mg/day, about 10 mg/day, about 11 mg/day, or about 12 mg/day.
  • the effective amount of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 2 mg/day, about 3 mg/day, about 4 mg/day, about 5 mg/day, about 6 mg/day, about 7 mg/day, about 8 mg/day, about 9 mg/day, about 10 mg/day, about 11 mg/day, or about 12 mg/day.
  • the effective amount of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 6 mg/day.
  • the effective concentration of BMS-986165, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 1 nM to about 1 mM (e.g., from about 0.01 mM to about 0.1 mM).
  • apremilast is optically enriched as the (S) enantiomer.
  • compositions described herein is greater than 90%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-third embodiments.
  • the stereomeric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 95%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- third embodiments.
  • the stereo meric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 97%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- third embodiments.
  • the stereo meric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 98%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-third embodiments.
  • the stereomeric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 99%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-third embodiments.
  • the stereomeric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 99.5%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-third embodiments.
  • the stereomeric purity of apremilast in the methods and compositions described herein is greater than 99.9%, wherein the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-third embodiments.
  • apremilast Polymorphic forms of apremilast are included in the disclosed methods and compositions and include e.g., those described in US 9,018,243, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is a single crystalline form, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-fourth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is a single crystalline Form B characterized by X-ray powder diffraction peaks at 2Q angles selected from 10.1°, 13.5°, 20.7°, and 26.9°, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- fourth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is a single crystalline Form B characterized by X-ray powder diffraction peaks at 2Q angles selected from 10.1°, 13.5°, 15.7°, 18.1°, 20.7°, 24.7°, and 26.9°, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-fourth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is a single crystalline Form B characterized by X-ray powder diffraction peaks at 2Q angles selected from 10.1°, 13.5°, 15.7°, 16.3°, 18.1°, 20.7°, 22.5°, 24.7°, 26.2°, 26.9°, and 29.1°, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-fourth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is at least 90% single crystalline Form B, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- sixth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is at least 95% single crystalline Form B, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-sixth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is at least 99% single crystalline Form B, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-sixth embodiments.
  • the specific dosage and treatment regimen of apremilast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to be used in combination with a disclosed Tyk2 inhibitor will depend upon a variety of factors, including age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the judgment of the treating physician, and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 0.5 mg to about 1000 mg per day, about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per day, about 5 mg to about 500 mg per day, about 10 mg to about 200 mg per day, about 10 mg to about 100 mg per day, about 40 mg to about 100 mg per day, about 20 mg to about 40 mg per day, about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg per day, about 0.5 mg to about 5 mg per day, about 1 mg to about 20 mg per day, and about 1 mg to about 10 mg per day, about 1 mg to about 100 mg per day, about 1 mg to about 80 mg per day, about 5 mg to about 70 mg per day, about 10 mg to about 60 mg per day, and about 10 mg to about 40 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 10 mg to about 60 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 40 mg to about 100 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from between about 40 mg to between about 100 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 4 mg to about 10 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from between about 4 mg to between about 10 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof ranges from about 10 mg to about 40 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 1 mg per day, about 2 mg per day, about 3 mg per day, about 4 mg per day, about 5 mg per day, about 10 mg per day, about 15 mg per day, about 20 mg per day, about 25 mg per day, about 30 mg per day, about 35 mg per day, about 40 mg per day, about 45 mg per day, about 50 mg per day, about 55 mg per day, or about 60 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 30 mg per day or about 60 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • apremilast is administered at a dose of about 30 mg once daily, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • apremilast is administered at a dose of about 30 mg twice daily, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective amount of apremilast, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 10 mg per day or about 40 mg per day, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • apremilast is administered at a dose of about 10 mg once or twice daily, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • apremilast is administered at a dose of about 20 mg once or twice daily, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • the effective concentration of apremilast is about 100 nM to about 10 mM (e.g., from about 0.1 mM to about 1 mM), wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- seventh embodiments.
  • apremilast is titrated to a dosage of about 30 mg administered twice daily using the following titration schedule:
  • Day 2 about 10 mg in morning and about 10 mg in evening;
  • Day 3 about 10 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening;
  • Day 4 about 20 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening;
  • Day 5 about 20 mg in morning and about 30 mg in evening;
  • apremilast is titrated to a dosage of between about 40 mg/day to between about 100 mg/day using the following titration schedule:
  • Day 2 about 10 mg in morning and about 10 mg in evening;
  • Day 3 about 10 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening;
  • Day 4 about 20 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening
  • Day 5 about 20 mg in morning and about 30 mg in evening
  • apremilast is titrated to a dosage of about 20 mg administered twice daily using the following titration schedule:
  • Day 2 about 10 mg in morning and about 10 mg in evening;
  • Day 3 about 10 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening;
  • Day 4 about 20 mg in morning and about 20 mg in evening;
  • Day 5 about 20 mg in morning and about 30 mg in evening;
  • apremilast is titrated to a dosage of between about 4 mg/day to between about 10 mg/day using the following titration schedule:
  • Day 2 about 1 mg in morning and about 1 mg in evening;
  • Day 3 about 1 mg in morning and about 2 mg in evening;
  • Day 4 about 2 mg in morning and about 2 mg in evening;
  • Day 5 about 2 mg in morning and about 3 mg in evening;
  • apremilast is titrated to a dosage of about 3 mg administered twice daily using the following titration schedule:
  • Day 2 about 1 mg in morning and about 1 mg in evening;
  • Day 3 about 10 mg in morning and about 2 mg in evening;
  • Day 4 about 2 mg in morning and about 2 mg in evening;
  • Day 5 about 2 mg in morning and about 3 mg in evening;
  • compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of apremilast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a therapeutically effective amount of a Tyk2 inhibitor (e.g., BMS-986165).
  • a Tk2 inhibitor e.g., BMS-986165.
  • compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of apremilast, or a pharmaceutically acceptable thereof; and a
  • a Tyk2 inhibitor e.g., BMS-986165
  • a Tyk2 inhibitor for use in treating a disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4.
  • a Tyk2 inhibitor e.g., BMS-986165
  • compositions and single unit dosage forms comprising apremilast and a Tyk2 inhibitor (e.g., BMS-986165) alone or together in a fixed dose for administration as described above (e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-eighth embodiments) is included.
  • Single unit dosage forms of the disclosed methods and compositions are suitable for oral, mucosal (e.g., nasal, sublingual, vaginal, buccal, or rectal), parenteral (e.g.,
  • dosage forms include, but are not limited to: tablets; caplets; capsules, such as soft elastic gelatin capsules; cachets; troches; lozenges; dispersions; suppositories; ointments; cataplasms (poultices); pastes; powders; dressings; creams; plasters; solutions; patches; aerosols (e.g., nasal sprays or inhalers); gels; liquid dosage forms suitable for oral or mucosal administration to a patient, including suspensions (e.g., aqueous or non- aqueous liquid suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsions), solutions, and elixirs; liquid dosage forms suit able for parenteral administration to a patient; and sterile solids (e.g., crystalline or amorphous solids)
  • composition, shape, and type of dosage forms of the will typically vary depending on their use.
  • inflammation or a related disorder may contain larger amounts of one or more of the active ingredients it comprises than a dosage form used in the chronic treatment of the same disease.
  • a parenteral dosage form may contain smaller amounts of one or more of the active ingredients it comprises than an oral dosage form used to treat the same disease or disorder.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is administered parenterally, transdermally, mucosally, nasally, buccally, sublingually, or orally, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-eighth embodiments.
  • additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty-eighth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is administered orally in the form of a tablet or a capsule, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- ninth embodiments.
  • apremilast in the disclosed methods and compositions is formulated as an extended release form, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- ninth embodiments.
  • compositions is formulated as an immediate release form, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to thirty- ninth embodiments.
  • both the apremilast and the Tyk2 inhibitor in the disclosed methods and compositions are administered in fixed dosage combination as a once a day formulation, wherein additional features for apremilast as well as the Tyk2 inhibitor and related features are as described herein e.g., as in any one of the first to forty-second embodiments.
  • Diseases or disorders that are responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 using the methods and compositions disclosed herein include e.g., viral, genetic, inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is selected from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic pulmonary embolism, and the like.
  • inflammatory disease hyperoxic alveolar injury, inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid spondylitis, depression, osteoarthritis, contact dermatitis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythrematosus, erythema nodosum leprosum, Sjogren’s syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s Disease, Behcet’s Disease, and ulcerative colitis.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is selected from psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, contact dermatitis, systemic lupus erythrematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and ulcerative colitis.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is psoriasis. In another aspect, the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is psoriasis and the subject being treated is a candidate for phototherapy or systematic therapy.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is plaque psoriasis.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is plaque psoriasis and the subject being treated is a candidate for phototherapy or systematic therapy.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. In another aspect, the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is severe plaque psoriasis and the subject being treated is a candidate for phototherapy or systematic therapy.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is psoriatic arthritis.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is active psoriatic arthritis.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is heart disease, such as congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, endotoxin-mediated septic shock, acute viral myocarditis, cardiac allograft rejection, and myocardial infarction.
  • heart disease such as congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, endotoxin-mediated septic shock, acute viral myocarditis, cardiac allograft rejection, and myocardial infarction.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is HIV, hepatitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bone-resorption diseases, cystic fibrosis, septic shock, sepsis, endotoxic shock, hemodynamic shock, sepsis syndrome, post ischemic reperfusion injury, meningitis, fibrotic disease, cachexia, graft rejection, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, and radiation damage.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is cancer of the head, thyroid, neck, eye, skin, mouth, throat, esophagus, cheat, bone, blood, bone marrow, lung, colon, sigmoid, rectum, stomach, prostate, breast, ovaries, kidney, liver, pancreas, brain, intestine, heart, adrenal, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, heart, and combinations thereof.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, malignant glioma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia, acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia, acute
  • myeloblastic leukemia acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute monoblastic leukemia, acute erythroleukemic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute nonlymphocyctic leukemia, acute undifferentiated leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma and acute, lymphoblastic leukemia, myelogenous leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, and myelocytic leukemia.
  • the disease or disorder responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 is a solid tumor, such as sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangio sarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, syn-ovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary car-cinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma,
  • sarcoma such
  • Table 1 Whole blood assay: Study Materials and Reagents.
  • Condition Thl7 was a stimulation with TruCulture® tubes containing anti-CD3/anti-CD28 plus IL-Ib, IL-6 and IL-23.
  • Whole blood was separated into 15 milliliter conical tubes and pre-treated with DMSO, apremilast alone, BMS-986165 alone or BMS-986165 combined with apremilast. Final concentrations were 0.2% DMSO, 1 mM for apremilast alone, 1 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.01 mM and 0.001 mM BMS- 986165 alone and in combination with 1 mM apremilast. Blood was mixed well and then incubated in a 37°C/5%C0 2 incubator for 1 hour.
  • Pellets were resuspended in 2%FBS-PBS and filtered through a 40mm cell strainer to obtain single-cell suspension. 3ml of RBC lysis buffer were used to eliminate red blood cells in the isolated population. Isolated PBMCs were washed with 2%FBS-PBS and were resuspended in RPMI growth medium containing 10%FBS and antibiotics.
  • PBMCs from 9 healthy donors were isolated and LPS- stimulated ex- vivo for IL-23, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, TNF-a , IFN-g and MCP-1 cytokine analysis.
  • PBMCs were plated in 96 well plate at a density of 200,000 cells per well in 200 m ⁇ of RPMI growth medium containing 10%FBS followed by treatment with DMSO and compounds. Each well received the same amount of DMSO, which is 0.3% v/v as final concentration.
  • Series dilutions of compound treatment was performed according to Table 4 shown below. After two hours of compound treatment, LPS 100 ng/ml as final concentration was used as the stimulator.
  • PBMCs were then incubated in a 37°C/5%C0 2 incubator for 16 hours.
  • IL-17A Whole blood from 4 healthy donors were analyzed for IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, TNF-a and GM-CSF cytokine production in both ThO and Thl7 conditions.
  • the blood was pre-treated with apremilast and Tyk2 inhibitor BMS-986165 both alone and in combination using the TruCulture® Tube System.
  • the IL-17A results located in FIG. 1 show the IL- 17A% of control and all data is normalized to the Thl7 DMSO control. Apremilast inhibited 28% of IL-17A cytokine expression under ThO conditions and had no effect in Thl7 conditions.
  • BMS-986165 had a similar effect under both stimulation conditions and inhibited 10-25% of IL-17A expression at 0.001-1 mM.
  • BMS- 986165 had a similar effect under both stimulation conditions and inhibited 10-25% of IL-17A expression at 0.001-1 mM.
  • FIG. 2 shows the picograms per milliliter levels of IL-17A.
  • Levels of IL-17A increased in the Thl7 stimulation conditions by 387% compared to the ThO stimulation.
  • ThO conditions apremilast reduced IL-17A levels from 138 pg/mL to
  • BMS-986165 at 1 mM reduced IL-17A levels to 97 pg/mL.
  • the combination of apremilast with 1 mM BMS-986165 further reduced IL-17A levels to 24pg/mL with the ThO stimulation.
  • the stimulation control measured 532 pg/mL and apremilast did not inhibit IL-17A levels.
  • BMS-986165 reduced IL-17A levels to 519 pg/mL at 0.01 mM, 428 pg/mL at 0.1 mM and 383 pg/mL at 1 mM.
  • IL-17F cytokine expression data is in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. Apremilast inhibited 69% of IL-17F production under ThO conditions and 49% under Thl7 conditions. BMS- 986165 had a similar effect on IL-17F with both the ThO and Thl7 stimulation. There was 31% inhibition at the lowest concentration of 0.001 mM and a dose response with 34% inhibition at 0.01 mM, 70% inhibition at 0.1 mM and 95% inhibition of IL-17F expression at 1 mM (Thl7 results). The combination of 1 mM apremilast with BMS-986165 under ThO conditions was partially additive with inhibition ranging from 60% at 0.001 to 95% at 1 mM.
  • IL-22 cytokine expression data is in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Apremilast inhibited
  • BMS-986165 inhibited 16% of IL-22 at 0.01 mM, 86% at 0.1 mM and 91% at 1 mM.
  • BMS-986165 had no effect on IL-22 cytokine expression at 0.001 mM but inhibited 17% at 0.01 mM, 60% at 0.1 mM and 70% at 1 mM. Under ThO conditions the combination had similar effects to apremilast alone with -90% inhibition at all concentrations of BMS-986165.
  • Thl7 The combination under Thl7 conditions was synergist at 0.01 mM with 60% inhibition and at 0.1 mM with 90% inhibition of IL-22 cytokine expression.
  • the ThO stimulation control had 1085 pg/mL of IL-22 and the Thl7 control was 6524 pg/mL.
  • Apremilast significantly lowered IL-22 levels to 368 pg/mL in the ThO conditions and 3643 pg/mL in the Thl7 conditions.
  • BMS-986165 significantly lowered IL-22 cytokine expression in both stimulation conditions at 0.1 mM and 1 mM.
  • TNF-a cytokine expression data is located in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8. Apremilast inhibited 90% of TNF-a levels in ThO conditions and 94% in Thl7 conditions.
  • BMS-986165 increased TNF-a expression by 21% at 0.001 mM, 43% at 0.01 mM and 61% at 0.1 mM.
  • BMS-986165 inhibited 66% of TNF-a cytokine expression.
  • TNF-a (68%) with 1 mM BMS-986165 under Thl7 stimulation conditions.
  • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) cytokine expression results are in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.
  • GM-CSF cytokine expression was reduced 80% by apremilast under ThO conditions and by 66% under Thl7 conditions.
  • BMS-986165 increased GM-CSF cytokine expression under both conditions.
  • BMS-986165 increased GM- CSF by 19% at 0.001 mM, 36% at 0.01 mM, 110% at 0.1 mM and 31% at 1 mM in the ThO conditions.
  • apremilast 0.1 mM
  • BMS-986165 increased GM- CSF by 41% at 0.01 mM, 139% at 0.1 mM and 104% at 1 mM. When apremilast was added there was 40-73% inhibition of GM-CSF cytokine expression.
  • Total pg/mL of GM-CSF in the ThO and Thl7 stimulation controls were 409 and 637 respectively.
  • the increase of GM-CSF by BMS-986165 was significant at 0.1 mM (both ThO and Thl7) and 1 mM (Thl7).
  • the combination of apremilast and BMS-986165 significantly reduced GM-CSF cytokine levels at all concentrations and under both stimulation conditions.
  • FIG. 11 showed that Apremilast decreased IL-23 production in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • IL-23 level from DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs was set as 100% (control), cytokine levels were shown as normalized value in % compared to control.
  • FIG. 12 showed that BMS-986165 induces IL-23 level in LPS stimulated PBMCs.
  • BMS-986165 induced a 20 fold increases of IL-23 compared to DMSO group.
  • the combination of apremilast with BMS- 986165 was able to decrease the induction of IL-23 by BMS-986165. With increased level of apremilast, there is significant reduction of IL-23 level.
  • Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare each treatment with BMS- 986165 alone. There is significant reduction of IL-23 when combining BMS-986165 with low level of apremilast, which is at the concentration of 0.037mM (**** p ⁇ 0.001).
  • Results in FIG. 13 showed the normalized level of IL-12p40 compared to DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs group.
  • Apremilast decreased IL-12p40 in a dose dependent manner, whereas BMS-986165 increased it.
  • the combination of BMS-986165 with apremilast significantly decreased the induction of IL-12p40 by BMS-986165.
  • With lmM apremilast the increased IL-12p40 induced by BMS-986165 was 85% inhibited, and almost reached a similar level as Apremilast alone.
  • Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare each treatment with BMS- 986165 alone. **** p ⁇ 0.001
  • Results in FIG. 14 showed the normalized level of IL-12p70 compared to DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs group. Apremilast decreased IL-12p70 in a dose dependent manner, whereas BMS-986165 increased it. The combination of BMS-986165 with apremilast significantly decreased the induction of IL-12p70 by BMS-986165. In combination treatment, both 0.3 mM and 1 mM significantly reduced IL-12p70 level induced by BMS-986165 and have no significant difference compared to apremilast alone. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare each treatment with BMS-986165 alone. **** p ⁇ 0.001
  • Results in FIG. 15 showed the normalized level of TNF-oc compared to DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs group. Apremilast decreased TNF- a level in a dose dependent manner, however, BMS-986165 induced 1.2-1.5 fold increase of TNF-oc. The combination of BMS-986165 and apremilast significantly decreased the level of TNF-oc. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare each treatment with BMS-986165 alone. **** p ⁇ 0.001
  • Results in FIG. 16 showed the normalized level of IFN-g compared to DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs group. Both apremilast alone and BMS-986165 alone decreased IFN-g in a dose dependent manner. The combination of BMS-986165 and apremilast has synergistic effect in reducing IFN-g level which significantly decreased IFN- g level compared to single compound treatment. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare each treatment with BMS- 986165 alone. **** p ⁇ 0.001 Example 11
  • Results in FIG. 17 showed the normalized level of MCP-1 compared to DMSO treated LPS stimulated PBMCs group. Both apremilast alone and BMS-986165 alone decreased MCP-1 in a dose dependent manner. The combination of BMS-986165 and
  • Table 5 provides a summary of the cytokine effects of apremilast and BMS-986165 on stimulated whole blood in the Ex-Vivo TruCulture® Assay. Synergistic effects are shown in bold and complementary effects are underlined.
  • BMS-986165 increased TNF-a and GM-CSF production, while apremilast inhibited production of these cytokines.
  • BMS-986165 was combined with apremilast there was a complementary effect on TNF-a and GM-CSF cytokine expression, with apremilast correcting the defect of BMS-986165.
  • These combined effect provide means for treating diseases or disorders responsive to the inhibition of PDE4 such as for the treatment inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis).
  • Table 6 below provides a summary of the cytokine effects of apremilast and BMS-986165 on LPS stimulated PBMCs. Red arrows indicate induction and green arrows indicate decrease of the production of cytokines.
  • PBMCs from 9 healthy donors were tested in LPS stimulated condition with or without BMS-986165 or apremilast or the combination of both.
  • BMS-986165 treatment alone induced IL-23, IL-12p40, IL-12p70 and TNF-a, whereas apremilast treatment alone decreased these cytokines.
  • BMS-986165 was combined with apremilast these cytokines were either unchanged or reduced compared to DMSO control group.
  • BMS-986165 Both apremilast and BMS-986165 reduced IFN-g and MCP-1 production, and the combination of both further reduced these two cytokines with a synergistic effect.
  • BMS-986165 inhibits Thl7 lineage cytokines, which provide a means for treating diseases where Thl7 cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis.
  • the induction of some proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-12 and TNF-a, by BMS-986165 could be a disadvantage in disease treatment.
  • Apremilast and BMS-986165 were tested in IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and TNF- oc whole blood at the following fixed dosages: 2 mg BID BMS-986165, 6 mg QD BMS- 986165, 6 mg BID BMS-986165, 10 mg BID apremilast, 20 mg BID apremilast, and 30 mg BID apremilast. These concentrations were derived from average plasma concentrations observed or extrapolated from clinical PK data.
  • FIGs. 18-21 the 6 mg QD dose concentration of BMS-986165 did not maximally inhibit IL-17A, IL-17F, or IL-22, and it elevated TNF-alpha. See FIGs. 18-21.
  • Even low concentrations of apremilast where shown to be effective.
  • the 20 mg BID dose of apremilast compensated for the suboptimal inhibition of IL-17F
  • the 10 mg BID dose of apremilast compensated for the suboptimal inhibition of IL-22 and to prevent the increase of TNF-alpha.
  • BMS-986165 e.g., at 6 mg QD
  • apremilast e.g., 10-20 mg QD or BID
  • psoriasis psoriatic arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis e.g., ankylosing spondylitis
  • ulcerative colitis e.g., Crohn’
  • hidradenitis suppurativa e.g., Behcet’s disease.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des méthodes de traitement de maladies et de troubles sensibles à l'inhibition de PDE4 qui consistent à administrer de l'aprémilast et un inhibiteur de Tyk2 à un sujet. L'invention concerne également des compositions pharmaceutiques comprenant de l'aprémilast et un inhibiteur de Tyk2.
PCT/US2020/030608 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Polythérapies comprenant de l'aprémilast et des inhibiteurs de tyk2 WO2020223431A1 (fr)

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KR1020217038512A KR20220002489A (ko) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 아프레밀라스트 및 tyk2 억제제를 포함하는 조합 요법
CN202080046457.XA CN114206333A (zh) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 包含阿普斯特和tyk2抑制剂的组合疗法
SG11202112018YA SG11202112018YA (en) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Combination therapies comprising apremilast and tyk2 inhibitors
AU2020266143A AU2020266143A1 (en) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Combination therapies comprising apremilast and Tyk2 inhibitors
CA3138686A CA3138686A1 (fr) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Polytherapies comprenant de l'apremilast et des inhibiteurs de tyk2
JP2021564471A JP7453251B2 (ja) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 アプレミラストおよびｔｙｋ２阻害剤を含む併用療法
MX2021013318A MX2021013318A (es) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Terapias de combinacion que comprenden inhibidores de apremilast y tyk2.
EP20725978.9A EP3962476A1 (fr) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Polythérapies comprenant de l'aprémilast et des inhibiteurs de tyk2
BR112021021826A BR112021021826A8 (pt) 2019-04-30 2020-04-30 Uso de apremilaste e um inibidor da tirosina quinase 2 no tratamento de uma doença ou um transtorno responsivo à inibição da fosfodiesterase tipo 4
IL287670A IL287670A (en) 2019-04-30 2021-10-28 Combined treatments including apremilaste and tyk2 inhibitors
CONC2021/0015622A CO2021015622A2 (es) 2019-04-30 2021-11-22 Terapias de combinación que comprenden inhibidores de apremilast y tyk2

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