WO2020221818A1 - Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de roues dentées - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de roues dentées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020221818A1
WO2020221818A1 PCT/EP2020/061932 EP2020061932W WO2020221818A1 WO 2020221818 A1 WO2020221818 A1 WO 2020221818A1 EP 2020061932 W EP2020061932 W EP 2020061932W WO 2020221818 A1 WO2020221818 A1 WO 2020221818A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
confocal laser
laser
teeth
values
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Application number
PCT/EP2020/061932
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dag DITTMER
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Inproq Optical Measurement Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inproq Optical Measurement Gmbh filed Critical Inproq Optical Measurement Gmbh
Publication of WO2020221818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020221818A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2416—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of gears
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/026—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring distance between sensor and object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
    • G01B11/0608—Height gauges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gear testing method for determining the surface of the teeth of a gear by means of a confocal laser arranged at a distance from the gear, the engagement-side surface of the gear being scanned by the gear rotating about its axis of rotation with a rotation angle detection by means of the laser beam of the confocal laser
  • a gearwheel testing device for carrying out the method.
  • the invention also relates to a gear testing device for the precise determination of the surface of teeth of a gear by means of a laser arranged at a distance from the gear with a rotating device for the gear to be tested with a rotation angle detection device, an XYZ movement device on which the laser is arranged, an input and output device as well as a computing and control device for the acquisition, storage and evaluation of the signal values as well as control of the rotating device, moving device and the laser, the rotating device being adapted to receive the gear to be tested and to it during the measurement about a rotation axis of the rotating device turn, the laser is designed as a confocal laser, the laser beam of the confocal laser by means of the XYZ movement device device is aligned on the engagement-side surface of the gear, and the computing and control device is adapted to detect the signal values generated when the laser beam of the confocal laser hits the surface of the gear, to store them in relation to the angle of rotation and to output them assigned to one another.
  • gear wheel rotates around a fixed axis
  • the other gear wheel rotates around an axis that can move in the direction of the fixed axis and the change in center distance due to inaccuracies is recorded. Only one rotation is required and this procedure is suitable as a 100% control in series production, since a measurement takes approx. 5 seconds and the handling times approx. 15 seconds.
  • the gears also rotate in one another around fixed axes, with the rotations of the gears being compared using high-precision rotary encoders (single-flank rolling test). This measurement is also very accurate and only requires one rotation. Both methods require two gears, although the error cannot be precisely assigned.
  • DE 10 2010 012 421 A1 describes the determination of parameters of a toothing of a rotatable toothing part using a rotation angle sensor, the detected rotation angles being fed to an evaluation unit.
  • another laser displacement sensor for recording the distance between the toothed part and this sensor. This is a static measurement in that the laser is not moved, which does not allow high accuracy. There are also no shifting axes, so it might not work with a confocal laser. It is not specified what type of laser is used. Movements in the axial or radial direction are not provided.
  • EP 3 321 628 A1 and EP 3 441 712 A1 relate to a coordinate measuring device with an optical sensor and a corresponding method for a gear component to be measured using a confocal chromatic sensor. Both have a focus trigger sensor that moves a light beam along emits an optical axis in the direction of the gear component. With the focus trigger sensor, one or more of the axes can be used to execute a scanning movement relative to the gear component, with the focus trigger sensor always providing a switching signal when the gear is being built - Part reached a nominal distance relative to the focus trigger sensor. The acquisition takes place exclusively on the basis of a trigger signal that triggers a measurement. The measurement signal is correlated with the signals from an angle sensor.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a way of testing gearwheels, which is a 100% test with high accuracy with an optical resolution of less than one micrometer and a measurement time that is greatly reduced compared to the prior art.
  • a confocal laser is used, the shift (in the case of a monochromatic confocal laser) or interrogation (in the case of a polychromatic confocal laser) of the focal point being in the MHz range.
  • This scans a surface with a measuring range of at least ⁇ 0.5 mm inherent in the confocal laser.
  • the useful signal of at least 10 KHz, ie the measured distance signal, is not the frequency with which the confocal laser would oscillate, but the highest possible data output rate.
  • the laser beam should hit the surface to be measured as perpendicularly as possible, although this position can be deviated from depending on the dimensions.
  • the gear wheel rotating about its axis of rotation is scanned by means of the laser beam of the confocal laser on the surface of the gear wheel on the engagement side, also referred to as the tooth flank, the angle of rotation also being precisely recorded.
  • a first step up to a maximum possible sampling rate of the confocal laser, measured values per time unit are used as signal values, a The quality signal made available to kallaser for the respective measured value, the angle of rotation and the three spatial coordinates of the confocal laser are recorded and stored synchronously.
  • the scanning takes place in such a way that the point of impact of the laser beam is moved from the tooth root to the tooth tip or vice versa.
  • the next path along the tooth flank is scanned until the entire width of the tooth flank has been scanned.
  • the gear wheel expediently rotates around a vertical (Z) axis and the laser is moved according to the tooth flank in the X-YZ direction during scanning, the X direction being radial and the Y direction being tangential.
  • the gear wheel or the tooth flank is scanned in layers over the width of the gear wheel (Z direction).
  • the generated signal values are stored in relation to the angle of rotation and from the recorded signal values the signal values that are in the measuring range of the focus point of the confocal laser are selected as valid measured values depending on the quality signal, sorted and assigned to the respective tooth flank of a tooth.
  • the measurement can be carried out either with a confocal laser for both tooth flanks or with two confocal lasers for each tooth flank. It is also possible to use a different number of lasers, e.g. four lasers, with one pair from top to bottom in (Z-direction) to the center, the other pair from bottom to top to the center.
  • the confocal laser delivers a measured value and, in parallel, a quality signal.
  • the confocal laser carries out a plausibility assessment of how intensive this is Measurement signal is.
  • a quality signal of zero is returned when a measurement is carried out completely outside the focus area.
  • the quality signal therefore either returns a zero in the case of a nonsensical signal or an intensity that can definitely occupy a certain bandwidth due to different intensities.
  • This quality signal is used for a preliminary evaluation, which is then followed by a mathematical evaluation using known mathematical methods such as mean value filters, slope filters, FFT filters and Gaussian filters. Which filter or filters are used can be selected depending on the quality of the measurement.
  • the preliminary evaluation can take place either by specifying specific threshold values or by specifying a specific number of measured values, with the latter automatically automatically shifting the threshold values accordingly.
  • a decisive advantage over the prior art is the large measuring range of a confocal laser, while other lasers have to be driven very precisely to the distance so that they can measure at all.
  • the further advantage consists in not using an absolute measuring method, so that the method according to the invention is insensitive to the appearance of the surface (reflective, smooth, stained, changing surface appearance, etc.).
  • the goal is achieved much more easily than with absolute encoders, which are very sensitive to, for example, rust spots or surfaces on the teeth.
  • a normal optical process can very quickly fail if there is a spot on the tooth surface. This means that something completely different is measured than directly next to it, although the surface would be identical. According to the invention, such a thing does not bother because no absolute method is used.
  • Another additional great advantage of the invention compared to triggered methods is that in the case of a triggered method, if the surface is not well suited for the measurement at a trigger point, erroneous measured values arise. However, because the measurement is triggered, this value appears again with each measurement. With the freely running, untriggered measurement according to the invention, the probability that the same point will be hit twice is very low. In addition, it can be easily adjusted, e.g. if not enough Measured values are available, the speed can be changed dynamically or another run is simply carried out in which the same angular point is measured again without triggering with a probability approaching zero. Another advantage of non-triggered measurement is that the geometry can be addressed very dynamically.
  • the density of the points is not dependent on the rotary encoder, but exclusively on the speed, which can be changed. Via the speed, which can be freely influenced, the density of the measured values at certain points that are critical for the part to be examined can easily be changed. According to the invention, measurements are always made against a mathematical model so that it is always known what is expected approximately at which point.
  • the gear wheel can be rotated slowly at a certain point completely dynamically - as it is not triggered - which increases the density of the measured values enormously. This makes it much easier to react to any error events. For example, tooth edges that can be easily damaged by stops or the like can be measured in a targeted manner with a much higher resolution because the measurement is not triggered. Scanning the gear several times over several revolutions improves the signal quality because the exact same point is not measured every time. As a result of the non-triggered measurement, certain points on the surface can advantageously be resolved with a higher resolution. This method is significantly faster than the previously known gear wheel testing method, the duration of the test of course being dependent on the size and the speed of rotation of the gear wheel.
  • At least 20 measured values are recorded for each tooth flank, depending on the size of the tooth flank.
  • special emphasis must be placed on the time-synchronous assignment of the angle values and the measured values to the XYZ position of the confocal laser.
  • the gear rotates and the measurement is carried out at high speed, a large number of measurement data are generated, with only a small part of the measurement data generated being ultimately used. In spite of this, all of this happens with a complete test of the gear at greater speed than with the previously known test methods.
  • the measurement data are evaluated using the mathematical algorithms known for this purpose, which are known for such applications.
  • the individual signal values can also originate from measuring points that partially overlap in order to achieve additional accuracies by adjusting the values at the overlapping points using appropriate algorithms.
  • a mathematical model of an ideal gear wheel is available against which the measured values are compared.
  • This model is also useful for setting the confocal laser.
  • the measurement values lying in the measurement area of the focus point of the confocal laser are selected as measurement values to be processed further only when a predefinable threshold value for the quality signal associated with the measurement value is exceeded.
  • a predefinable threshold value for the quality signal associated with the measurement value is exceeded.
  • a dynamic tracking performed.
  • This quality signal is used firstly to separate meaningless values from meaningful ones and secondly to evaluate the quality, since there are far too many measured values anyway.
  • a target can be to obtain a certain number of measured values per revolution. Then the admissibility threshold or a threshold value is changed until this value is approximately reached. Thereby Of the very many measured values, the desired number remains with sufficient quality.
  • the threshold value is tracked dynamically. For example, the specification could be that a certain number of measured values per layer (professional cut) per tooth flank is sufficient to evaluate the quality. Then, based on a certain number of teeth of a gearwheel, the threshold value could be shifted upwards until approximately the required number of measured values is reached. With these, the mathematical processing such as smoothing and filtering or the like is then carried out.
  • the other possibility of using a threshold value for the quality signal is to change the threshold value until, due to the selection via this threshold value, only so many values remain that are required for evaluating the geometry. This means that if a gear is relatively bad for the optical measurement, then all quality values are also bad. Then the threshold is in a lower range than with a good gear. The threshold value is then set in a low range so that a sufficient number of measured values per edge has been reached. Then an attempt is made to generate something from this using mathematical filtering and to achieve a reasonable result. With a good gear to be measured, the plausibility values are normally relatively high. Reflections produce peaks that are undesirable and whose plausibility is low.
  • measured values with a certain quality can be selected or excluded in a targeted manner. This can lead to a gear that can be measured very cleanly, even without much filtering of the measured values, a sufficient result is achieved in the subsequent mathematical processing.
  • the XYZ position of the confocal laser is determined exactly for the acquisition of the signal values.
  • the distance to the surface of the teeth and the gear is determined by the laser beam range and its angle of incidence Surface of the teeth is defined.
  • the ultimately exact angular position of the gear to be tested is not required for setting the distance from the confocal laser.
  • the exact position and the angle of incidence are defined.
  • the focal point is expediently set on the tooth base or the tooth tip of the teeth and then the surface is scanned in a radial direction outwards or inwards.
  • the X-YZ position of the confocal laser is recorded synchronously with the measured value and the angle of rotation.
  • the laser beam is preferably moved in layers in the radial direction with respect to the gearwheel when scanning in axial layers. This formulation is based on the assumption that the gear rotates around a vertical (Z) axis and that the normal to the surface of the tooth flank lies in an XY plane and thus the laser beam is traversed one after the other in the vertical (Z) direction.
  • the focal points can overlap by 20 to 30% during scanning, in order to achieve additional accuracy in the calculation after adjusting the signal values at the overlapping points.
  • the scanning is carried out at a speed of the gear wheel of 20 to 60 rpm.
  • the gear wheel rotates permanently during the measurement and the scanning takes place depending on the application with a frequency of 10-20 kHz or more, although it is also possible to scan with a lower frequency in individual cases.
  • 20,000 signal values per second result, for example at a frequency of 20 kHz, which originate from the rotation of the gear wheel from the various teeth and are reassigned to the respective tooth during the evaluation based on the assignment to the angle of rotation.
  • the topology of the individual teeth is graphically represented if necessary depending on a theoretical ideal shape and / or possibly taking into account a tolerance, the deviations being determined accordingly taking into account the mathematically stored ideal shape of the gear with its teeth.
  • a gear testing device for carrying out the method has a rotating device with a rotational angle detection device for a gear to be tested, an XYZ movement device on which the confocal laser is arranged, an input and output device and a computing and control device for detection and storage and evaluation of the signal values as well as control of the rotating device, moving device and the confocal laser.
  • the rotating device is adapted to receive the gear to be tested and to rotate it about a rotation axis of the rotating device during the measurement.
  • the laser is designed as a confocal laser, the laser beam of the confocal laser being aligned with the surface of the gear wheel on the engagement side by means of the XYZ movement device.
  • the computing and control device is adapted, in a first step with a maximum possible sampling rate of the confocal laser, to acquire measured values per unit of time as signal values, a quality signal provided by the confocal laser for the respective measured value, the angle of rotation and the three spatial coordinates of the confocal laser, and in In a second step, the signal values that are in the measuring range of the focal point of the confocal laser are selected from the detected signal values as measured values as a function of the quality signal, sorted and assigned to the respective flank of a tooth.
  • the computing and control device is designed to select the measured values lying in the measuring range of the focal point of the confocal laser as measured values to be further processed only when a predefinable threshold value for the quality signal associated with the measured value is exceeded.
  • the computing and control device is advantageously designed to exactly determine the XYZ position of the confocal laser set by means of the XYZ movement device for the detection of the signal values, the distance to the surface of the teeth and the gear wheel being determined by the laser beam range and an angle of incidence on the surface of the Teeth is defined.
  • the computing and control device is designed to set the distance of the confocal laser and / or the confocal laser set by means of the X-Y-Z movement device at the beginning of the measurement with the focus point on the tooth base or the tooth tip of the teeth. Furthermore, according to a further embodiment, the computing and control device is suitable for moving the laser beam in layers in the radial direction with respect to the gearwheel when scanning in axial layers.
  • the gear testing device enables the focal points to overlap by 20 to 30% during scanning when moving in the radial direction.
  • the scanning is advantageously carried out at a speed of the gear wheel of 20 to 60 rpm.
  • the computing and control device is expediently designed in such a way that the topology of the individual teeth can be graphically represented via the input and output device depending on the theoretical ideal shape and / or possibly taking into account a tolerance.
  • the advantage of the method described above and the gear testing device is that it is possible to test gearwheels with high precision in the micrometer range with a resolution of less than one micrometer at high speed, so that the method and the device are 100% controlled in one manufacturing process can be integrated advantageously.
  • FIG. 1 the schematic illustration of a gearwheel with the laser head and the laser beam directed onto the tooth base
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram with the individual elements of the gear testing device.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a spur gear 1 with the teeth 2, which each have flanks 3 and 4.
  • a laser head 5 with a confocal laser sends a laser beam 6 onto the tooth foot 7 of a tooth 2 in this exemplary embodiment and is aligned with its focal point in this way.
  • the distance to the gear wheel 1 can be more or less large. Due to the geometric arrangements, the angle of incidence of the laser beam 6 on the respective tooth flank 3 or 4 varies.
  • the laser beam 6 is moved from the tooth root 7 to the tooth head 8 and after passing through it is moved in the X direction, ie perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in order to scan a next layer in the radial direction from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside.
  • the gear wheel 1 rotates about its axis of rotation 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a gear testing device 13 with a rotating device 15 for receiving the gear 1 to be tested, the rotating device 15 having a rotating angle detection device 9 which enables the exact angular position of the gear 2 to be determined.
  • an X-Y-Z movement device 10 is provided on which the laser 5 is arranged.
  • an input and output device 11 as well as a computing and control device 12 for the acquisition, storage and evaluation of the signal values and control of the rotating device 15, movement device 10 and confocal laser 5 are provided.
  • the computing and control device 12 the position specification, positioning of the confocal laser 5 takes place via the corresponding mechanics of the axis drives of the XYZ movement device 10 and the control of the drive of the rotating device 15.
  • the rotating device 15 with its rotating angle detection device 9 supplies the instantaneous angle to the rake synchronously and control device 12, which at the same time receives the scanned signal values of the confocal laser 5 belonging to the respective angle of rotation and assigns the signal values to this angle of rotation and the respective scanned layer of the gear wheel 1 to be tested.
  • the result of the evaluation carried out in the computing and control device 12 can be displayed via the input and output device 11 with a graphic surface and printer.
  • the surface of the gear with the individual teeth and the individual measuring points can be individually or in relation to the ideal shape of the gear 1 based on the respective tooth flank 3, 4 of the teeth 2 and each individual tooth
  • the test method is carried out in such a way that after the gear 1 to be tested has been loaded onto the rotating device 15, it is set in rotation, then the position of the confocal laser 5 is approached by means of the XYZ movement device 10 and scanning in the radial direction, as described above, is started the gear 2 is carried out. Then the next measuring position is approached and the process is repeated until the entire tooth flank 3 has been scanned. The other tooth flank 4 of the teeth 2 is handled accordingly. When using two confocal lasers, both tooth flanks 3, 4 can be scanned at the same time. Then the measured values are selected which lie in the measuring range of the focal point of the confocal laser 5 and thus represent measuring points of the surface of a tooth 2. This is done by defining a threshold value for a quality signal which is also stored and which is selected according to the existing quality values of the gearwheel. It is determined either by a specified value or iteratively by specifying a specific number of measured values required for further processing.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

Procédé de contrôle de roues dentées pour la détermination de la surface de dents (2) d'une roue dentée (1) au moyen d'un laser confocal (5) disposé à distance de la roue dentée (1), la surface côté prise de la roue dentée (1) étant balayée avec une détection d'angle de rotation au moyen du faisceau laser (6) du laser confocal (5) lors de la rotation de la roue dentée (1) autour de son axe de rotation (14), par détection des valeurs de signal générées lors de l'incidence du faisceau laser (6) du laser confocal (5) sur la surface de la roue dentée (1), enregistrement de ceux-ci en rapport à l'angle de rotation et sortie de ceux-ci associés l'un à l'autre. Dispositif de contrôle de roues dentées (13) présentant un dispositif de rotation (15) comprenant un dispositif de détection d'angle de rotation (9) pour une roue dentée à contrôler, un dispositif de déplacement X-Y-Z (10), sur lequel le laser confocal (5) est disposé, un dispositif d'entrée et de sortie (11) ainsi qu'un dispositif de calcul et de commande (12) pour la détection, l'enregistrement et l'évaluation des valeurs de signal ainsi que la commande du dispositif de rotation (15), du dispositif de déplacement (10) et du laser confocal (5).
PCT/EP2020/061932 2019-05-02 2020-04-29 Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de roues dentées WO2020221818A1 (fr)

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EP19172367.5 2019-05-02
EP19172367 2019-05-02

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Cited By (3)

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DE102020133309A1 (de) 2020-12-14 2022-06-15 Klingelnberg Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur optischen Verzahnungsmessung
US20220244042A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Klingelnberg Gmbh Method and device for measuring a toothing
CN116793236A (zh) * 2023-08-29 2023-09-22 四川丹齿精工科技有限公司 一种齿轮跨棒距检测设备及检测方法

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EP1985968A1 (fr) 2007-04-24 2008-10-29 Mitaka Kohki Co., Ltd. Appareil pour mesurer sans contact la forme des surfaces intérieures des objets cylindriques basé sur une fonction autofocus qui comprend dispositifs pour diriger le rayon optique de test vers la surface exploré
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DE102020133309A1 (de) 2020-12-14 2022-06-15 Klingelnberg Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur optischen Verzahnungsmessung
EP4012329A1 (fr) * 2020-12-14 2022-06-15 Klingelnberg GmbH Procédé et dispositif de mesure optique de denture
US20220244042A1 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 Klingelnberg Gmbh Method and device for measuring a toothing
US11940267B2 (en) * 2021-01-29 2024-03-26 Klingelnberg Gmbh Method and device for measuring a toothing of gears or the like
CN116793236A (zh) * 2023-08-29 2023-09-22 四川丹齿精工科技有限公司 一种齿轮跨棒距检测设备及检测方法
CN116793236B (zh) * 2023-08-29 2023-10-27 四川丹齿精工科技有限公司 一种齿轮跨棒距检测设备及检测方法

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