WO2020220634A1 - Rectangular box-shaped floating breakwater having wave energy power generation device employing oscillating water column - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a rectangular box-shaped floating breakwater having a wave energy power generation device employing an oscillating water column. A wave water inlet is provided on a wave facing surface of the rectangular box-shaped floating breakwater. A generator is mounted in an airflow channel. Waves enter an air chamber via the water inlet on the wave facing surface of the floating breakwater so as to produce vertical oscillation of a water column. The water column oscillates vertically, such that air in the air chamber compresses and expands, and reciprocates through the airflow channel at a top portion of the air chamber so as to drive the generator to generate power, and then, the power is stored, by means of a transmission device, in an energy storage device ready for use. The invention has a simple and stable structure, low construction costs, and high power generation and conversion efficiency, is easy to maintain, and is highly adaptable. The invention can be arranged on a coast, near shore, or in coastal waters, thereby using marine space efficiently, reducing the impact of waves, providing a stable water environment for a surrounding marine region, converting wave energy into electricity, and appropriately using ocean wave energy resources.

Description

Square box type floating breakwater with oscillating water column type wave energy generating device Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and specifically relates to a square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column type wave energy generating device.

Background technique

In order to solve the current energy supply problem that is essential for human development, it has gradually become the consensus of all countries in the world to find alternative, renewable and clean new energy sources. New energy sources, including ocean energy, biomass energy, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy, etc., and ocean energy has attracted the attention of scientific researchers from all over the world because of its unique charm. As we all know, the earth’s surface is divided by continents into vast waters that are connected to each other, called the ocean. Its total area is about 360 million square kilometers, accounting for about 71% of the earth’s surface area, and the average water depth is about 3,795 meters. Therefore, the ocean has huge energy reserves. There are many types, mainly including tidal energy, temperature difference energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, sea wind energy, etc. Among them, ocean wave energy has huge development potential. According to a report published by the International Energy Organization (IEA), the world's available wave energy can reach 2 billion to 2.5 billion kW. At the same time, the energy flow density of wave energy is relatively large, and the propagation process There is only a small energy loss.

my country has a vast sea area and a long coastline, and has very rich wave energy resources. The average annual wave power is greater than 3J/m, and the theoretical wave energy reserve is about 70 million kW. In recent years, my country has attached great importance to the research of renewable energy. Among them, wave power generation has been an important part of the research and application of renewable resources in my country, which can provide power resources for islands and ocean floating structures far away from the coast. Compared with other energy sources, wave power generation has the advantages of being clean and environmentally friendly, large reserves, less affected by time and space, and greater energy flow density. Floating breakwaters are an important type of breakwater structure in marine engineering. Compared with other traditional breakwaters, floating breakwaters can adapt to conditions such as larger water depths, weak foundations, large tidal ranges, and the introduction of water exchange. It has excellent economic and ecological environmental protection. Many fields such as port and coastal engineering, ocean engineering, and mariculture have broad application prospects.

The current wave breakers have more or less defects. For example, according to the current research results, the most important factors affecting the wave suppression performance of floating breakwaters are the width and draft of the floating breakwater. The wider the dike and the deeper the draft, the wave will be eliminated. The better the effect, but with the increase in the main dimensions of the floating breakwater, its cost will greatly increase, and the wave force received will also increase, which will put greater requirements on the strength of the structure and the design of the mooring system, and Floating breakwaters have good wave-elimination effects for short-period waves, but are not obvious for long-period waves. Therefore, most current engineering applications also place floating breakwaters in wave areas with smaller wave heights and shorter periods. .

Summary of the invention

Objective of the invention: The objective of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device. The present invention combines floating breakwater and oscillating water column wave energy generation The device not only realizes the protection of offshore marine structures, but also generates electric energy. It has the advantages of being movable, repeatable, free from water depth and geological restrictions, etc.; the present invention has simple structure, easy production and maintenance, and no pollution to the marine environment. have a broad vision of application.

Technical solution: The square box type floating breakwater with oscillating water column type wave energy generating device of the present invention includes a plurality of single-section square box type floating breakwaters, and each single-section square box type floating breakwater is connected by a connecting device. The single-section square box floating breakwater is connected to the seabed anchor block by an anchor chain. The wave-facing surface of each single-section square box floating breakwater is provided with a wave inlet. The upper end of the wave inlet is below the waterline, and the wave enters The water port communicates with the air chamber inside the single-section square box floating breakwater so that the water at the bottom of the air chamber is connected with seawater; the upper space of the air chamber is air and the lower space of the air chamber is seawater, and the top of the air chamber communicates with the air flow channel , The airflow channel is provided with a generator set, and the airflow channel is connected to the outside through the vent.

Among them, when the water surface is stationary, the seawater will submerge the wave inlet. When encountering waves, the entire box-shaped floating breakwater will move with the waves. The wave inlet sometimes appears on the sea surface, and the seawater enters the air chamber through the wave inlet. .

In order to enhance the wave elimination effect of the floating breakwater under long-period waves, the single-section square box floating breakwater is fixed to each other by a rubber ring and an anchor chain to form a floating breakwater body; each single-section square box floating breakwater Both sides are connected with concrete anchor blocks by two anchor chains. The bottom of each single-section square box floating breakwater is provided with a number of nets (such as six) at equal intervals, and a sinker is hung on the bottom of the net.

Considering the small amplitude swelling motion of the floating breakwater, the single-section square box floating breakwater at both ends of the floating breakwater has a set of anchor chains arranged at the four outer corners, and each set of anchor chains has a total of There are three cables, and the angle between the three cables in the same group is 30°.

Further, the draft of the single-section square box floating breakwater is half of its height, and the bottom of the air chamber is below sea level; the square box floating breakwater adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, and each side There are several cabins inside the box floating breakwater, which include ballast tanks and energy storage tanks.

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy without affecting the safety of the box-shaped floating breakwater structure, the air chamber has a vertical spatial structure as a whole, and the air flow channel has a horizontal spatial structure as a whole and is smooth and flat (to facilitate air circulation). The internal space is communicated with the internal space of the air flow channel, and the inlet of the air flow channel above the air chamber is in the shape of a flow collecting cover.

Further, the generator set includes a two-way impulse turbine and a permanent magnet three-phase generator. The two-way impulse turbine consists of a rotating impeller, a stationary blade, a bearing housing cover and a bearing housing, and the rotating impeller is installed between the bearing housings on both sides of the turbine. , Both sides of the rotating impeller are provided with a ring of stationary blades, the outside of the stationary blades is fixed with the protective cover of the generator set, the bearing housing cover is fixed to the protective cover through the stationary blades; one end of the permanent magnet three-phase generator passes through the rotating shaft and the two-way impact type The turbine is driven and connected, and the other end of the permanent magnet three-phase generator is connected to the energy storage device. The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, and can perform unidirectional rotation in the reciprocating air flow without a rectifying device.

Further, the moving blades and the stationary blades on the rotating impeller are crescent-shaped (which can improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy), and the surface area of the stationary blades is smaller than the surface area of the moving blades; the moving blades on the rotating impeller and each The measured stationary blades are equipped with 24 pieces, and the arrangement of the stationary blades on both sides is completely symmetrical.

Further, a protective cover is sheathed on the outer circumference of the generator set, and the two-way impulse turbine and the permanent magnet three-phase generator are fixed in the protective cover through a supporting structure.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The floating breakwater power generation device adopted in the present invention not only reduces the influence of waves, provides a stable water environment for the surrounding sea area, but also converts part of the wave energy into electric energy, and rationally utilizes ocean wave energy resources.

(2). In the present invention, multiple nets are arranged at the bottom of the floating breakwater. The specific size and material of the nets can be adjusted according to specific actual sea conditions, and a sinker is hung at the bottom of the nets, which can effectively reduce long-period waves. To a certain extent, it can improve the damping performance of floating breakwaters, and at the same time, it is also beneficial to protect the structural stability of floating breakwaters.

(3) The two-way impulse turbine generator set in the present invention is placed in the airflow duct. The wave energy conversion rate of the device is relatively high. At the same time, the airflow channel entrance above the air chamber is designed into the shape of a collector cover. Increasing the flow rate of the airflow that drives the two-way impulse turbine generator set can also improve the utilization of air kinetic energy in the air chamber; at the same time, the wave energy is transmitted through the compressed air in the air chamber, so that the generator set does not directly contact the sea water, which can reduce The damage to its structure by waves can also avoid seawater corrosion, improve its adaptability in the marine environment, increase its service life, and facilitate subsequent maintenance and repair work.

(4) The present invention can arrange multiple floating breakwater structural units according to actual sea conditions and electricity demand. Each floating breakwater structural unit is connected by a rubber ring and an anchor chain, thereby improving the overall utilization of wave energy At the same time, because part of the wave energy is converted into electric energy, the wave absorbing performance of the floating breakwater is improved accordingly.

In summary, the present invention has the advantages of good wave elimination effect, high power generation conversion efficiency, stable structure, convenient installation, short construction period, easy maintenance and the like.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of the single-section floating breakwater of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top view of the single-section floating breakwater of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a left side view of the single-section floating breakwater of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a top view of the combined multi-section floating breakwater in the embodiment;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of oscillating water column wave energy generation in the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the generator set in the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the rotating impeller in the present invention;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing cover and the stator of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the aerodynamic principle of the two-way impact turbine in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

In the present invention, the box-shaped floating breakwater adopts a catenary mooring system. The arrangement of the floating breakwater is perpendicular to the main wave direction of the protection area (the incident direction of the wave is 90°), and the main form of motion response is horizontal oscillation. , Heaving and rolling, as well as tiny swaying movements. Therefore, in the mooring system of the present invention, the control of the swaying movement of the floating breakwater is the main consideration, and the restoring force of the floating breakwater should also be considered. In order to ensure that the floating breakwater does not have large amplitude swaying motion, two anchor chains are arranged on each side of a single floating breakwater unit. At the same time, considering the small amplitude swaying motion of the floating breakwater, each of the four top ends Arrange a set of anchor chains, set water inlets on the face of the square box floating breakwater, install the two-way impulse turbine generator set in the air flow channel, and install the energy storage device inside the square box floating breakwater. The box-shaped floating breakwater can have both power generation and wave elimination functions.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the box-shaped floating breakwater 1 in this embodiment adopts a catenary anchoring system, and two anchor chains 2 are set on each side of the single-section box-shaped floating breakwater 1. A certain length of mopping section anchor chain is left at the end of 2, and the end of mopping section anchor chain 2 is connected with concrete anchor block 3. In order to make the floating breakwater have a better effect of eliminating long-period waves, the bottom of the square box floating breakwater 1 is provided with six equally spaced nets 4, and at the same time, to make the net 4 not easy to deform, the net 4 Hanging sinker 5 at the bottom. The wave hits the facing surface of the box-shaped floating breakwater 1, under the combined action of the net 4 and the bottom sinker 5, the wave height behind the dike can be effectively reduced, and a relatively stable water environment is provided for the surrounding sea.

As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the draft of the single-section square box floating breakwater 1 is about half of its height (adjusted by the ballast tank 13), and the whole structure is partially submerged to ensure the bottom of the air chamber 8. Always below sea level, above the liquid level is the air chamber 8. The lower water inlet of the air chamber 8 connects the bottom water body of the air chamber 8 with seawater, the upper part of the air chamber 8 is air, and the lower part is seawater.

As shown in Figure 4, the box-shaped floating breakwater 1 can connect multiple floating breakwater structural units to form an overall structure according to actual sea conditions and electricity demand. As shown in the figure, there are 8 floating breakwater unit structures. The multiple breakwater unit modules are connected by a rubber ring plus an anchor chain (connecting device 7). Since there are two anchor chains 2 on each side of the single-section square box floating breakwater 1, considering the small amplitude swaying movement of the floating breakwater, the single-section square box floating breakwater at both ends of the floating breakwater A group of anchor chains 2 are arranged on the four top ends of the outer side, each group of anchor chains 2 is three, the anchoring angle of the anchor chain 2 is 0°/30°/60°, and a certain length of tow is left at the end of the mooring cable. The end of the lot anchor chain 2, and the end of the mopping anchor chain 2 are connected with the concrete anchor block 3. Multiple floating breakwater structural units are connected into an integral structure to expand the protection sea area of the floating breakwater, and because part of the wave energy is converted into electric energy, the wave absorbing performance of the floating breakwater is correspondingly improved.

The above-mentioned square box floating breakwater 1 can flexibly adjust the movement range and working range of the floating body through the mooring system, and at the same time, it can adapt to the sea areas of different water depths. It is less affected by the seabed topography and geological conditions, and has a wider application range. For extensive.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the crest of the wave acts on the air chamber 8, the liquid level in the air chamber 8 rises, the volume in the air chamber 8 decreases, and the air pressure increases. When the air pressure in the air chamber 8 is greater than the outside atmospheric pressure, the compressed air will be discharged out of the air chamber 8 through the airflow channel 9 above the air chamber 8. At this time, the wave energy is converted into air kinetic energy; the compressed air passes through the condenser hood above the air chamber 8. When the inlet is shaped like an inlet, the flow velocity of the airflow increases, and the two-way impulse turbine generator set 10 installed in the airflow channel 9 is driven to generate electricity. On the contrary, when the wave trough acts on the air chamber 8, the liquid level in the air chamber 8 drops, and the air pressure in the air chamber 8 decreases; when the air pressure in the air chamber 8 is lower than the outside atmospheric pressure, the air passes above the air chamber 8. The airflow channel 9 of the airflow flows into the air chamber 8. When passing through the airflow channel 9, the air drives the generator set 10 in the airflow channel 9 to generate electricity. Therefore, the mutual conversion of wave energy to electric energy is the alternating conversion of wave crests and troughs into the up and down oscillation of the water column in the air chamber 8, thereby driving the reciprocating flow of air in the air flow channel 9, and then driving the two-way impulse turbine in the air flow channel 9 to generate electricity Unit 10 generates electricity.

In addition, the water column in the air chamber 8 has a fixed fluctuating frequency. The water rushing into the air chamber 8 hits the back wall of the air chamber 8 and is reflected back. If it can be in the same direction as the descending water column, it will resonate with the waves. Choose the corresponding air chamber 8. The size makes the frequency of the indoor water column oscillation similar to that of the outside wave, and the amplitude of the resonant water column fluctuation will be much higher than that of the wave, which greatly increases the gas flow rate and improves the conversion efficiency of the system.

As shown in FIG. 7, the generator set 10 includes a two-way impulse turbine, a permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 and a generator set protective cover 16. Since the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 is relatively heavy, it is necessary to provide a support structure 22 inside the generator set protective cover 16 to ensure the safety and reliability of the overall structure.

As shown in Figures 7-9, the turbine includes a rotating impeller 20, stationary blades 19 and a bearing housing 18. The blades on the rotating impeller 20 are moving, and are called moving blades 23; stationary blades 19 on both sides of the moving blades It is a stationary blade (the stationary blade 19 for short), and the stationary blade 19 is fixed on the protective cover 16. The rotating impeller 20 is installed between the bearing housings on both sides. In this example, the bearing housing cover 18 is fixed to the protective cover 16 by the stator blade 19.

The generator set 10 is fixed in the airflow channel 9. When the airflow passes through the airflow channel 9, the rotor blades 23 of the two-way impulse turbine will rotate. The blades of the rotating impeller 20 drive the middle rotating shaft 21 to rotate. The magnetic three-phase generator 17 is drivingly connected with the rotating shaft 21, and the rotation of the rotating shaft 21 drives the rotation of the shaft of the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17, which drives the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 to generate three-phase alternating current. As the rotation speed of the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 continuously changes, the current and voltage generated by the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 also change. The generated electricity is rectified by the controller, changed from alternating current to direct current with a certain voltage, and charged to the energy storage device 12 for subsequent use. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the rotating impeller 20. In order to improve its rotation efficiency, a total of 24 blades are provided, and the cross section of the blades is crescent-shaped. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing cover 18 and the stator blade 19.

As shown in FIG. 10, four moving blades 23 and the stationary blades 19 on both sides thereof are taken. The middle crescent shape is the blade section of the rotating impeller 20, and the upper and lower sections are the sections of the stationary blades 19. The air flow in the turbine is axial, which is the vertical direction in the figure. As shown in Figure 10(a), when the air flow is flowing downwards, it is turned by the stator blade 19, and the turning air flow is sprayed to the concave surface of the rotor blade 23 to form a force F , Push the rotor 23 forward. The gas after the work is discharged from the other side of the vane 19. As shown in Figure 10(b), since the arrangement of the vanes 19 on both sides of the two-way impulse turbine is completely symmetrical, the work principle of the airflow flowing from below to above is exactly the same as that of the airflow from above to below. Both the front intake and the opposite direction push the rotating impeller 20 to rotate in the same direction, thereby driving the permanent magnet three-phase generator 17 behind the turbine to rotate and generate electricity.

In summary, the box-shaped floating breakwater 1 of the present invention adopts a catenary mooring method. A water inlet 6 is provided on the wave facing surface of the floating breakwater, and waves enter from the water inlet 6 on the wave facing surface of the floating breakwater. Inside the air chamber 8, a water column that oscillates up and down is formed. The water column vibrates up and down to force the gas in the air chamber 8 to compress and expand, and reciprocate through the air flow channel 9 at the top of the air chamber 8, thereby pushing the two-way impulse turbine generator set in the air flow channel 9 to generate electricity , And stored in the energy storage device for use.

Claims (8)

1. A square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column type wave energy generating device is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of single section square box type floating breakwaters, each single section square box type floating breakwater is connected by a connecting device, and each single section The square box floating breakwaters are connected with anchor blocks on the seabed by anchor chains. The wave-facing surface of each single-section square box floating breakwater is equipped with a wave inlet, and the upper end of the wave inlet is located below the waterline and below sea level. , The wave inlet is communicated with the air chamber inside the single-section square box floating breakwater so that the water at the bottom of the air chamber is connected with seawater; the upper space of the air chamber is air and the lower space of the air chamber is seawater, and the top of the air chamber is connected to The air flow channels are connected, and a generator set is arranged in the air flow channel, and the air flow channel is connected with the outside through the vent.
2. The square box floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device according to claim 1, wherein the single-section square box floating breakwater is fixed to each other by a rubber ring and an anchor chain to form a floating breakwater Main body; both sides of each single-section square box floating breakwater are connected with concrete anchor blocks by two anchor chains, and the bottom of each single-section square box floating breakwater is equipped with six nets at equal intervals. There is a sinker hanging from the bottom.
3. The square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column type wave energy generating device according to claim 2, wherein the outer four roofs of the single section square box type floating breakwater at both ends of the floating breakwater main body A set of anchor chains are arranged at the corners, and there are three anchor chains in each group, and the angle between the three anchor chains in the same group is 30°.
4. The square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device according to claim 1, wherein the draft of the single-section square box type floating breakwater is half of its height, and the air chamber The bottom is located below the sea level; the square box floating breakwater adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, and each square box floating breakwater is provided with several cabins, and the cabins include ballast water tanks and energy storage device cabins.
5. The box-shaped floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device according to claim 1, wherein the air chamber has a vertical spatial structure as a whole, and the air flow channel has a horizontal spatial structure and is smooth and flat. The internal space of the chamber is communicated with the internal space of the air flow channel, and the inlet of the air flow channel above the air chamber is in the shape of a collector cover.
6. The box-type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the generator set includes a two-way impulse turbine and a permanent magnet three-phase generator, the two-way impulse turbine is rotated by Impeller, stationary blades, bearing housing cover and bearing housing. The rotating impeller is installed between the bearing housings on both sides of the turbine. There is a ring of stationary blades on both sides of the rotating impeller. The outside of the stationary blades is fixed with the protective cover of the generator set. The bearing housing cover It is fixed to the protective cover by stationary blades; one end of the permanent magnet three-phase generator is drivingly connected with the bidirectional impulse turbine through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the permanent magnet three-phase generator is connected with an energy storage device.
7. The box-shaped floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device according to claim 1, wherein the moving blades and stationary blades on the rotating impeller are both crescent-shaped, and the surface area of the stationary blades is smaller than that of the moving blades. The surface area of the blades; the moving blades on the rotating impeller and each stationary blade are provided with 24 pieces, and the arrangement of the stationary blades on both sides is completely symmetrical.
8. The square box type floating breakwater with an oscillating water column wave energy generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer periphery of the generator set is covered with a protective cover, and the two-way impulse turbine and the permanent Magnetic three-phase generator.

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