JP4049435B2 - Floating breakwater - Google Patents

Floating breakwater Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4049435B2
JP4049435B2 JP03092598A JP3092598A JP4049435B2 JP 4049435 B2 JP4049435 B2 JP 4049435B2 JP 03092598 A JP03092598 A JP 03092598A JP 3092598 A JP3092598 A JP 3092598A JP 4049435 B2 JP4049435 B2 JP 4049435B2
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Prior art keywords
breakwater
main body
wave
partition wall
horizontal plate
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JPH11229350A (en
Inventor
恒浩 関本
亮行 鵜飼
琢三 清水
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Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば、漁港やマリーナの中で波除堤として設置する消波機能を高めた浮防波堤、あるいは、海岸の浸食を防ぐ海岸線の護岸や漁港のマリーナにおける岸壁前等に設置される消波性能を高めた浮防波堤に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、浮防波堤は海水交換性の高い消波構造物として用いられ、例えば、図７に示すように、防波堤本体にチェーンを取り付け、該チェーンの一端部を海底のアンカーに係留し、前記浮防波堤本体を海面に浮かせたものが知られている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、チェーンに係留された浮防波堤では、防波堤本体が鉛直方向と水平方向とに自由に動くことが出来るので、波浪により動揺して十分な消波効果が得られないという問題点がある。
【０００４】
このように、従来の浮防波堤では、波浪に対して動揺するため消波作用が十分い発揮されないことにおいて、解決すべき課題を有している。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る浮防波堤の上記課題を解決するための要旨は、浮防波堤用の支柱と、該支柱に支持される直方体でその長手方向が波の進行方向に対して直交するように配設される防波堤本体と、該防波堤本体の下に当該防波堤本体の短辺方向に平行に所要間隔をおいて垂設され波の進行方向に対して平行に配設されて吊持される仕切壁と、該仕切壁の各下端部に亘って敷設され前記防波堤本体の底面と平行にされる水平版とで形成され、前記防波堤本体は前記支柱により上下方向にのみ移動自在に支持されているとともに、波が通過する際に渦が発生することで運動エネルギーが消費されるように前記防波堤本体と前記水平版との間で前記仕切壁で仕切られた空間が形成されていることである。
【０００７】
本発明に係る浮防波堤によれば、防波堤本体が支柱によって水平方向の移動が抑制されているので、波が防波堤本体に衝突して効率的にエネルギーが消費され、波浪が減衰し消波される。また、防波堤本体が略鉛直方向（上下方向ともいう）に移動自在なので、潮位の変化にスムーズに追随し、平均水位の変化においても消波効果に差異が生じないものである。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明に係る浮防波堤について図面を参照して説明する。浮防波堤１の一例として、図１に示すように、直方体に形成してある防波堤本体２と、該防波堤本体２の下に、前記防波堤本体２の短辺方向に平行に所要間隔を置いて垂設された平板状の仕切壁３，３，…と、該仕切壁３の各下端部に亘って敷設され防波堤本体２の底面と平行にされる水平版４とが一体的に形成される。
【０００９】
そして、前記防波堤本体２の長手方向の側壁または短辺方向の側壁に、上下方向に当該防波堤本体２を移動自在にさせるための、摺動部材５が一例として４箇所に設けられている。
【００１０】
前記摺動部材５のそれぞれに係合する支柱としての鋼管杭６が、海底から略鉛直に立設されている。この鋼管杭６の高さは、波浪による防波堤本体２の上下移動を考慮して、高潮や暴風雨若しくは潮位の変化に対する十分な高さにしておくものである。
【００１１】
前記摺動部材５と鋼管杭６との取り合いは、例えば、図２に示すように、鋼管杭６の側壁の周方向に配置されて該側壁に当接する複数個（例えば、４個）のローラ５ａが鋼製板５ｂ，５ｂに軸着され、その各鋼製板５ｂを一対で対抗配置にして、防波堤本体２の側壁から突設されたブラケット５ｃに溶接等の固着手段で固着して設けられるものである。
そして、前記４個のローラ５ａの間に鋼管杭６が、各摺動部材５のそれぞれにおいて、貫通されている構造である。
【００１２】
また、前記防波堤本体２は、波の進行方向に対して直方体の長手方向が直交するようにして、配設される。これにより、防波堤本体２において直方体の短辺方向に平行な仕切壁３が、波の進行方向に対して平行に配設される。
【００１３】
なお、前記防波堤本体２、仕切壁３及び摺動部材５の材質は、例えば、鋼製部材で形成されるものであり、この他、他の金属製部材や軽量コンクリート部材等、適宜に浮防波堤の設置環境に合わせて選択され、特に限定するものではない。また、支柱についても鋼管杭に限らずコンクリート杭等でも良い。
【００１４】
以上のようにして構成される本発明に係る浮防波堤１を、例えば、護岸無しで単独で設置した場合と護岸の前に設置した場合（図３参照）等の、消波効果の実験結果を説明する。
【００１５】
図４に示すように、防波堤本体２に衝突して反射する波の反射率ＫRは、ＫR＝（反射波高／入射波高）と定義しこれを縦軸にして、波の入射波長Ｌと水平版４の短辺方向の長さを幅Ｂとしその比（Ｌ／Ｂ）を横軸にして、相関関係を表す。
【００１６】
その結果を見ると反射率は、約０．５〜０．７程度となっている。防波堤本体２が支柱で水平方向の移動が拘束されているので、消波効果が高まっている。
【００１７】
次に、図５に示すように、波の透過率ＫT（＝透過波高／入射波高と定義する）においても、該透過率ＫTを縦軸にし、波の入射波長Ｌと水平版４の幅Ｂとの比（Ｌ／Ｂ）を横軸にし相関関係を表すと、約０．４〜０．６弱程度となっている。
【００１８】
防波堤本体２が上下移動のみに支柱で拘束されて、水平方向に自由に移動することが無く、かつ、防波堤本体２の下に水平版４を設けたので、波が防波堤本体２と水平版４との間で仕切壁３で仕切られた空間を通過する間に、発生する渦によって運動エネルギーが消費されて、消波効果が発揮されるものである。
【００１９】
上記反射率ＫRと透過率ＫLから算出される損失エネルギー率ＫL（＝１−ＫR 2−ＫT 2）を縦軸とし、波の入射波長Ｌと水平版４の幅Ｂとの比（Ｌ／Ｂ）を横軸にして、相関関係を表にすると、図６に示すようになる。これによると、損失エネルギー率は約０．５〜０．７程度となって、本発明に係る浮防波堤１の消波効果が大きく現れている。
【００２０】
なお、水平版４を防波堤本体２の下に設けるときの、上下方向の高さは、例えば、略１．５ｍ程度であり、高さを調節することによって、エネルギーの消費量を多少変化させることが可能である。
【００２１】
このように、浮防波堤１の消波効果が高くなり、潮位の変化にも追随し、平均水位の変化によっても防波堤本体２が自由に上下移動できるので消波効果の差異が生じることなく維持されるものである。
【００２２】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る浮防波堤は、浮防波堤用の支柱と、該支柱に支持される直方体でその長手方向が波の進行方向に対して直交するように配設される防波堤本体と、該防波堤本体の下に当該防波堤本体の短辺方向に平行に所要間隔をおいて垂設され波の進行方向に対して平行に配設されて吊持される仕切壁と、該仕切壁の各下端部に亘って敷設され前記防波堤本体の底面と平行にされる水平版とで形成され、前記防波堤本体は前記支柱により上下方向にのみ移動自在に支持されているとともに、波が通過する際に渦が発生することで運動エネルギーが消費されるように前記防波堤本体と前記水平版との間で前記仕切壁で仕切られた空間が形成されているので、水平版を有した防波堤本体が水平方向の移動を拘束されることで消波効果が高くなり、支柱により上下方向の移動が可能なので、潮位の変化にも追随し平均水位の変化によっても当該防波堤本体が自由に上下移動できて消波効果の差異が生じることなく維持されるという優れた効果を奏するものである。また、波の静穏時には防波堤本体の動揺が少ないので上部を歩行することも可能となって釣りや観光等の有効利用が図れるという優れた効果を奏するものである。
【００２４】
前記水平版が、波の進行方向に対して平行に設けた仕切壁によって吊持されていることにより、強度向上により水平版の耐久性が向上するばかりでなく、仕切壁で形成される空間が渦を発生させて波のエネルギーを消費させて消波効果が更に高まるという優れた効果を奏するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る浮防波堤の概略構成斜視図である。
【図２】同本発明に係る浮防波堤における摺動部材の構造を示す一部の平面図である。
【図３】同本発明に係る浮防波堤を護岸に約１．５ｍ離して設置して実験する状態を示す説明図である。
【図４】同本発明に係る浮防波堤による波の反射率の効果を示す説明図である。
【図５】同本発明に係る浮防波堤による波の透過率の効果を示す説明図である。
【図６】同本発明に係る浮防波堤による波の損失エネルギー率を示す説明図である。
【図７】従来例に係る浮防波堤の概略斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 浮防波堤、２ 防波堤本体、３ 仕切壁、４ 水平版、５ 摺動部材、
５ａ ローラ、６ 鋼管杭。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is, for example, a breakwater with enhanced wave-breaking function installed as a wave breaker in a fishing port or marina, or a wave breaker installed on a coastal revetment to prevent coastal erosion or in front of a quay in a fishing port marina It relates to a breakwater with improved performance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a floating breakwater has been used as a wave-dissipating structure with high seawater exchange. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a chain is attached to a breakwater main body, and one end of the chain is moored to an anchor on the seabed. The one that the main body floats on the sea surface is known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the floating breakwater moored to the chain has a problem that the breakwater body can move freely in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, so that the wave breaks up and cannot obtain a sufficient wave-dissipating effect.
[0004]
As described above, the conventional breakwater has a problem to be solved in that the wave-dissipating action is not sufficiently exhibited because it is shaken by the waves.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist for solving the above-described problem of the breakwater breakwater according to the present invention is that a breakwater breakwater column and a rectangular parallelepiped supported by the column are arranged so that the longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to the wave traveling direction. A breakwater main body, a partition wall suspended below the breakwater main body in parallel to the short side direction of the breakwater main body at a required interval and arranged parallel to the wave traveling direction, The partition wall is formed with a horizontal plate laid over the lower ends of the partition wall and parallel to the bottom surface of the breakwater body. The breakwater body is supported by the support column only in the vertical direction, A space partitioned by the partition wall is formed between the breakwater main body and the horizontal plate so that kinetic energy is consumed when a vortex is generated when the vortex passes.
[0007]
According to the floating breakwater according to the present invention, since the horizontal movement of the breakwater main body is suppressed by the support column, the waves collide with the breakwater main body and energy is efficiently consumed, and the waves are attenuated and extinguished. . In addition, since the breakwater main body is movable in a substantially vertical direction (also referred to as an up-and-down direction), it smoothly follows changes in the tide level, and there is no difference in the wave-dissipating effect even in changes in the average water level.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the floating breakwater according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As an example of the floating breakwater 1, as shown in FIG. 1, a breakwater main body 2 formed in a rectangular parallelepiped, and a bottom of the breakwater main body 2 are suspended at a necessary interval in parallel to the short side direction of the breakwater main body 2. The flat partition walls 3, 3,... Provided and a horizontal plate 4 that is laid across the lower ends of the partition walls 3 and parallel to the bottom surface of the breakwater body 2 are integrally formed.
[0009]
And the sliding member 5 for making the said breakwater main body 2 movable to the up-down direction at the side wall of the longitudinal direction or the short side direction of the said breakwater main body 2 is provided in four places as an example.
[0010]
Steel pipe piles 6 as pillars that engage with each of the sliding members 5 are erected substantially vertically from the seabed. The height of the steel pipe pile 6 is set to a sufficient height against storm surges, storms, or changes in tide level in consideration of the vertical movement of the breakwater main body 2 due to waves.
[0011]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the sliding member 5 and the steel pipe pile 6 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the steel pipe pile 6 and a plurality of (for example, four) rollers abutting on the side wall. 5a is pivotally attached to the steel plates 5b, 5b, and each steel plate 5b is arranged in a pair so as to be opposed to each other and fixed to a bracket 5c protruding from the side wall of the breakwater main body 2 by fixing means such as welding. It is what
And the steel pipe pile 6 is penetrated in each of the sliding members 5 between the four rollers 5a.
[0012]
The breakwater main body 2 is disposed such that the longitudinal direction of the rectangular parallelepiped is orthogonal to the wave traveling direction. Thereby, the partition wall 3 parallel to the short side direction of a rectangular parallelepiped in the breakwater main body 2 is arrange | positioned in parallel with the advancing direction of a wave.
[0013]
In addition, the material of the said breakwater main body 2, the partition wall 3, and the sliding member 5 is formed with a steel member, for example, In addition to this, other metal members, a lightweight concrete member, etc. are floated appropriately. It is selected according to the installation environment, and is not particularly limited. Further, the struts are not limited to steel pipe piles and may be concrete piles or the like.
[0014]
The experimental results of the wave-dissipating effect, such as when the floating breakwater 1 according to the present invention configured as described above, for example, when installed alone without a revetment or when installed before a revetment (see FIG. 3), explain.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 4, the reflectivity K R of the wave that collides with the breakwater main body 2 and reflects is defined as K R = (reflected wave height / incident wave height). The horizontal plate 4 has a short side length as a width B and a ratio (L / B) as a horizontal axis to indicate a correlation.
[0016]
Looking at the result, the reflectivity is about 0.5 to 0.7. Since the breakwater body 2 is restrained from moving in the horizontal direction by the support, the wave-dissipating effect is enhanced.
[0017]
Next, as shown in FIG. 5, also in the wave transmittance K T (= defined as transmitted wave height / incident wave height), the transmittance K T is taken as the vertical axis, the wave incident wavelength L and the horizontal plate 4 When the correlation with the width B (L / B) is shown on the horizontal axis, it is about 0.4 to 0.6.
[0018]
Since the breakwater main body 2 is restrained by the support only in the vertical movement and does not move freely in the horizontal direction, and the horizontal plate 4 is provided under the breakwater main body 2, the waves are generated by the breakwater main body 2 and the horizontal plate 4. While passing through the space partitioned by the partition wall 3 between them, the kinetic energy is consumed by the vortex generated, and the wave-dissipating effect is exhibited.
[0019]
The loss energy rate K L (= 1−K R 2 −K T 2 ) calculated from the reflectance K R and the transmittance K L is the vertical axis, and the wave incident wavelength L and the width B of the horizontal plate 4 are When the ratio (L / B) is plotted on the horizontal axis, the correlation is tabulated as shown in FIG. According to this, the loss energy rate is about 0.5 to 0.7, and the wave-dissipating effect of the breakwater breakwater 1 according to the present invention appears greatly.
[0020]
In addition, when the horizontal plate 4 is provided under the breakwater main body 2, the height in the vertical direction is, for example, about 1.5 m, and the amount of energy consumption can be changed somewhat by adjusting the height. Is possible.
[0021]
In this way, the breakwater effect of the breakwater breakwater 1 is increased, the change in the tide level is followed, and the breakwater body 2 can be freely moved up and down by the change in the average water level, so that the difference in the wavebreak effect is maintained. Is.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the floating breakwater according to the present invention is a breakwater main body that is arranged with a support for the breakwater and a rectangular parallelepiped supported by the support so that its longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the wave traveling direction. A partition wall suspended below the breakwater body in parallel to the short side direction of the breakwater body at a required interval and disposed in parallel to the wave traveling direction, and the partition wall And a horizontal plate laid across the lower end of each of the breakwaters and parallel to the bottom surface of the breakwater body. The breakwater body is supported by the support column only in the vertical direction and allows waves to pass therethrough. Since a space partitioned by the partition wall is formed between the breakwater main body and the horizontal plate so that kinetic energy is consumed by generating vortices, the breakwater main body having the horizontal plate is It is erased by restraining the horizontal movement. Since the effect is high and the vertical support can be moved by the support, the breakwater body can be moved up and down freely even with changes in the average water level following the changes in the tide level, and it is maintained without causing a difference in the quenching effect. This is an excellent effect. In addition, since the breakwater main body is less oscillated when the waves are calm, it is possible to walk on the upper part, and it is possible to effectively use such as fishing and sightseeing.
[0024]
Since the horizontal plate is suspended by a partition wall provided in parallel to the wave traveling direction, not only the durability of the horizontal plate is improved by the strength improvement, but also the space formed by the partition wall is It produces an excellent effect of generating a vortex and consuming wave energy to further enhance the wave breaking effect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a floating breakwater according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial plan view showing the structure of the sliding member in the floating breakwater according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a floating breakwater according to the present invention is installed on a revetment about 1.5 m away from an experiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the effect of wave reflectivity by the floating breakwater according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the effect of wave transmittance by the floating breakwater according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a loss energy rate of waves caused by the breakwater according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a floating breakwater according to a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 breakwater, 2 breakwater body, 3 partition wall, 4 horizontal plate, 5 sliding member,
5a Roller, 6 Steel pipe pile.

Claims (1)

浮防波堤用の支柱と、
該支柱に支持される直方体でその長手方向が波の進行方向に対して直交するように配設される防波堤本体と、
該防波堤本体の下に当該防波堤本体の短辺方向に平行に所要間隔をおいて垂設され波の進行方向に対して平行に配設されて吊持される仕切壁と、
該仕切壁の各下端部に亘って敷設され前記防波堤本体の底面と平行にされる水平版とで形成され、
前記防波堤本体は前記支柱により上下方向にのみ移動自在に支持されているとともに、波が通過する際に渦が発生することで運動エネルギーが消費されるように前記防波堤本体と前記水平版との間で前記仕切壁で仕切られた空間が形成されていること、
を特徴とする浮防波堤。A support for a breakwater,
A breakwater main body arranged in a rectangular parallelepiped supported by the support so that its longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the wave traveling direction;
A partition wall suspended below the breakwater body in parallel to the short side direction of the breakwater body at a required interval and arranged parallel to the wave traveling direction;
A horizontal plate laid over each lower end of the partition wall and parallel to the bottom surface of the breakwater body,
The breakwater main body is supported by the support column so as to be movable only in the vertical direction, and a vortex is generated when the wave passes, so that kinetic energy is consumed so that the breakwater main body and the horizontal plate are interposed. A space partitioned by the partition wall is formed,
A floating breakwater.
JP03092598A 1998-02-13 1998-02-13 Floating breakwater Expired - Lifetime JP4049435B2 (en)

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JP4702986B2 (en) * 2000-08-01 2011-06-15 東急建設株式会社 Floating structure stabilization method and equipment
CN102352613B (en) * 2011-08-17 2014-02-12 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 Gate type seawall
CN107237296A (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-10-10 杭州江腾建设工程有限公司 Bulwark increases technique
CN109183713A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-01-11 天津大学 One kind is from energy dissipating breakwater
CN110184993A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-08-30 江苏科技大学 A kind of square-box-shaped floating breakwater with oscillaton water column type wave energy generating set

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