WO2020220428A1 - 一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构 - Google Patents

一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构 Download PDF

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WO2020220428A1
WO2020220428A1 PCT/CN2019/089466 CN2019089466W WO2020220428A1 WO 2020220428 A1 WO2020220428 A1 WO 2020220428A1 CN 2019089466 W CN2019089466 W CN 2019089466W WO 2020220428 A1 WO2020220428 A1 WO 2020220428A1
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cylindrical
plate
vacuum
cylindrical cylinder
ultra
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French (fr)
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郑传祥
林伟岸
陈冰冰
蒋建群
陈云敏
唐黎明
林娇
窦丹阳
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US16/981,691 priority Critical patent/US12226785B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
    • B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials

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  • the invention relates to a vacuum cavity structure, in particular to a vacuum cavity structure of an ultra-high gravity geotechnical centrifugal device.
  • High acceleration, high speed geotechnical centrifuge is an indispensable device for the study of geological evolution process reproduction tests such as rock and soil evolution, geological structure evolution, and geological disaster reduction. Vibration and heat dissipation are two outstanding problems of ultra-high gravity machines and geotechnical centrifuges. . Vibration will cause fatigue damage to the structure, and heat generation will cause the temperature in the cabin to rise and cause it to fail to work properly. With the continuous increase of acceleration g, the heat dissipation problem of the geotechnical centrifuge itself becomes a problem, because the higher the rotating speed and linear speed of the centrifuge, the greater the heat generated by the friction between the rotating arm, the hanging basket and the air.
  • the acceleration When the acceleration is below 500g, it can generally be cooled by a chiller or natural air circulation. But when the acceleration increases to more than 1000g, or even more than 1500g, the heat produced in the centrifugal cabin with a diameter of 11 meters can reach 10MW, which is equivalent to the heat exchange of a large air-conditioning unit of 50,000 square meters. Such a huge heat exchange requires a huge air volume. , And too much wind will affect the vibration of the rotating arm. Therefore, traditional cold air cooling can no longer meet the heat dissipation needs of high-acceleration centrifuges. However, if the temperature control is not solved, all the instruments in the centrifuge cabin will have problems. Generally, the temperature control of the centrifuge cabin is required. Below 45°C.
  • cooling is combined with cold water cooling around the centrifugal wall; however, when the load of the centrifuge further increases, the heat production in the centrifuge chamber will further increase. At this time, cold air cooling combined with cold water cooling cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements.
  • the most effective method is to vacuumize the centrifugal chamber to reduce the density of the air to reduce the friction and heat generation between the rotating arm and the air.
  • vacuuming will cause other problems.
  • One is that the air molecules are thin in the vacuum state. , The heat transfer capacity is also greatly reduced, and the air cannot be convective in a vacuum state. Therefore, the heat of the temperature increase of the rotating arm caused by the friction between the rotating arm and the air cannot be effectively transferred.
  • Another problem is that the bearings of the centrifuge under high vacuum will leak oil, and the sealing around the centrifuge cabin becomes difficult, so the vacuum degree cannot be too high.
  • the patents related to the heat dissipation of the geotechnical centrifuge test chamber mainly include the CN201210056367.6 "spray water curtain cooling device for the geotechnical centrifuge test chamber" by Liu Guogui of Zhejiang University, etc., which proposes a method of spraying cooling water around the centrifuge chamber
  • the method of heat dissipation is very effective, but when the acceleration increases to more than 1000g, only water cooling can not achieve the purpose of heat dissipation and temperature control; cold air cooling is a conventional technology, and natural air cooling uses the air flow field of the centrifuge itself. To achieve circulation cooling, other cooling and heat dissipation technologies have not been reported.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vacuum chamber structure of an ultra-high gravity geotechnical centrifuge with a bearing on the top.
  • the system greatly enhances the rigidity of the high-speed rotor, reduces the vibration of the main machine, isolates the bearing system outside the vacuum chamber through a special method, and completely solves the problem of oil leakage; adopts a special vibration isolation device to isolate the vibration of the main machine from the vacuum chamber to achieve Requirements for safe operation.
  • the top bearing system enables high speed The rigidity of the rotor is greatly enhanced, reducing the vibration of the host.
  • the invention includes a cylindrical cylinder, a convex head, a lower head, a lower bearing sealing cover, a top cylindrical cylinder, and an upper sealing plate to form a vacuum pressure-bearing cavity; the high-speed rotor system is enclosed in the vacuum In the pressure-bearing cavity, a cylindrical cooling device is arranged between the inner side of the cylindrical cylinder and the high-speed rotor system. The lower end of the main shaft of the high-speed rotor system passes through the lower bearing sealing cover and the lower bearing system, and then extends the lower head.
  • the upper end of the main shaft of the high-speed rotor system is connected to the instrument installed in the top cylindrical cylinder through the upper sealing plate and the upper bearing system Cabin connection; the upper bearing system and the instrument cabin in the top cylindrical cylinder located at the center of the convex head are isolated from the outside of the vacuum pressure chamber; the upper bearing system support device is composed of an upper bearing support ring and multiple beams forming a radial Support structure, one end of each girder is connected to the upper bearing support ring, the other end passes through the cylindrical cylinder and is connected to the connecting pad.
  • Each connecting pad is then connected to the side concrete, and the upper bearing system is installed on the upper bearing support Inside the ring; one end of the multiple beams is in clearance fit with the cross openings of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • Each beam is connected with the cylindrical cylinder through a gasket through a beam vibration isolation device; the centrifuge rotation of the high-speed rotor system
  • the lower liquid collecting pipe passes through the cylindrical barrel and is connected to the return water inlet of the refrigerator; the side of the cylindrical barrel is opened with a side door.
  • the top cylindrical barrel is provided with one or more U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped vibration isolation devices in the middle of the cylindrical barrel, and the upper end of the top cylindrical barrel and the convex head are sealed with a flange flange
  • the lower end of the top cylindrical cylinder is sealed with the upper bearing support ring through another sealing ring, and the bottom of the upper bearing support ring is sealed with an upper sealing plate and then dynamically sealed with the main shaft.
  • the girder vibration isolation device is composed of a girder cylindrical cylinder and one or more U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped vibration isolation expansion joints located in the middle of the cylinder.
  • One end of the girder vibration isolation device is welded or sealed by a gasket It is connected to the girder, and the other end is sealed to the cylindrical cylinder through a gasket.
  • the cylindrical cooling device is composed of multiple arc-shaped cooling units assembled into a complete circular cylinder, and each cooling unit group is composed of an upper side plate, a water inlet pipe welded to the upper side plate, a lower side plate, and an outer side
  • the board and the inner board, the left side board, the right side board and the water inlet pipe welded to the lower side board form a closed cavity; the upper side board, the lower side board, the left side board, and the right side board are curved partitions
  • the shape is a plate with a convex arc on the outer ring and a concave arc on the inner ring.
  • the outer plate and the inner plate are welded to the left or right plate through multiple arc-shaped partitions alternately to form an S-shaped runner;
  • the water connection pipe is connected with the upper liquid collecting pipe, and the water outlet connection pipe is connected with the lower liquid collecting pipe;
  • the annular cooling device and the cylindrical cooling device are composed of a plurality of flat cooling units with similar structures.
  • the lower head is welded or riveted fixed on the bottom concrete by bracing or riveting embedded in the bottom concrete, and the lower head is welded to the bottom end of the cylindrical cylinder into a whole.
  • the upper bearing system is supported by the upper bearing support ring and multiple beams fixed on the upper bearing support ring to the connecting pad, and the connecting pad is fixed on the side concrete.
  • the materials of the cylindrical cooling device and the annular cooling device are aluminum alloy, stainless steel or low carbon steel.
  • the bearing system Since the bearing system is placed outside the vacuum chamber, it can be operated under high vacuum to solve the problem of oil leakage and oil leakage in the current high-speed rotor bearing system under vacuum;
  • the high-speed rotor of the present invention is equipped with a bearing system, which greatly increases the stiffness and operational stability of the high-speed rotor, and solves the problem of high-speed rotor vibration;
  • one or more U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped vibration isolation expansion joints are used to isolate the vibration of the main engine from the vacuum chamber and greatly reduce the vibration;
  • the temperature in the centrifugal cabin can be controlled below 45°C when the acceleration is increased to more than 1500g.
  • Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a cylindrical cooling device.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a cylindrical cooling device.
  • Figure 5 is a connection diagram of the beam vibration isolation device.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the ring cooling device
  • the present invention includes a cylindrical barrel 10, a convex head 19, a lower head 7, a lower bearing sealing cover 4, a top cylindrical barrel 24 and an upper sealing plate 22, and a lower sealing method
  • the flange 15 and the upper sealing flange 16 and the sealing gasket 31 located between the two flanges are detachably sealed by the pressing device 17 to form a vacuum pressure-bearing cavity;
  • the upper end of the cylindrical cylinder 10 is connected with the upper bearing system support
  • the device 26 and the convex head 19, the convex head 19 is located above the upper bearing system support device 26, the convex head 19 and the upper bearing system support device 26 are connected by the top cylindrical cylinder 24, the cylindrical
  • the lower end of the cylindrical body 10 is connected with the lower head 7, the lower bearing sealing cover 4, the main shaft 12 of the centrifuge is sleeved in the central inner hole of the upper bearing system support device 26 and the lower bearing sealing cover 4, and the upper end of the cylindrical body 10 is fixed.
  • the high-speed rotor system 46 is enclosed in the vacuum pressure-bearing cavity.
  • a cylindrical cooling device 11 is arranged between the inner side of the cylindrical cylinder 10 and the high-speed rotor system 46.
  • the lower end of the main shaft 12 of the high-speed rotor system 46 is sealed by a lower bearing cover. 4 and the lower bearing system 3, after extending the lower head 7, and then connected with the coupling 2 and the motor 1 in turn, the main shaft 12 is sleeved in the center inner hole of the lower head 7 through the lower bearing system 3.
  • the lower bearing system 3 The lower bearing seal cover 4 is axially positioned and installed to isolate the lower bearing system 3, the coupling 2 and the motor 1 from the outside of the vacuum pressure chamber; the upper end of the main shaft 12 of the high-speed rotor system 46 passes through the upper sealing plate 22 and the upper bearing system 18 It is connected with the instrument compartment 25 installed in the top cylindrical cylinder 24; the upper bearing system 18 and the instrument compartment 25 in the top cylindrical cylinder 24 at the center of the convex head 19 are isolated from the outside of the vacuum pressure chamber.
  • the upper bearing system support device 26 consists of an upper bearing support ring 33 and a plurality of girders 32 (eight girders in FIG. 2) forming a radial support structure.
  • One end of each girder 32 is connected to the upper bearing support ring 33, and the other end passes through After passing through the cylindrical cylinder 10, it is connected to the connecting pad 45, and each connecting pad 45 is connected to the side concrete 8.
  • the upper bearing system 18 is installed in the upper bearing support ring 33;
  • the cross opening of the cylinder 10 is a clearance fit, that is, the cross opening has a gap of less than 10 mm.
  • Each beam 32 is connected to the cylindrical cylinder 10 by a gasket 48 through a beam isolation device 30 respectively.
  • a hanging basket 13 is installed on both sides of the centrifuge arm 14 of the high-speed rotor system 46, and an annular cooling device 27 is provided on each beam 32 directly above the hanging basket 13.
  • the cylindrical cylinder 10 is provided with a plurality of side wall connectors 51 and a side door 52, and the convex head 19 is provided with a vacuum exhaust pipe 21, a lifting hole 29, an air inlet pipe 34, and a vacuum recompression pipe. 35 and the spare connection pipe 53; the cylindrical cooling device 11 and the annular cooling device 27 are in communication with the upper collecting pipe 28 and the lower collecting pipe 9, the upper collecting pipe 28 passes through the cylindrical barrel 10 through the respective side wall connection pipe 51 Connected to the low temperature outlet of the freezer, the lower liquid collecting pipe 9 passes through the cylindrical cylinder 10 and is connected to the return water inlet of the freezer through respective side wall connectors 51; the side of the cylindrical cylinder 10 is opened with a side door 52.
  • the top cylindrical barrel 24 is provided with one or more U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped vibration isolation devices 20 in the middle of the cylindrical barrel body.
  • the middle part of the top cylindrical cylinder body 24 bends the wall of the top cylindrical cylinder body 24 into an annular structure with a U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped cross section.
  • the lower end of the body 24 and the upper bearing support ring 33 are hermetically connected by another sealing ring 23, and the bottom of the upper bearing support ring 33 is hermetically connected with the main shaft 12 after being sealed by the upper sealing plate 22.
  • the beam vibration isolation device 30 is composed of a beam cylindrical cylinder 54 and one or more U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped vibration isolation expansion joints 47 located in the middle of the cylinder.
  • the vibration expansion joint 47 is arranged in the middle part of the girder cylindrical cylinder 54 and the cylinder wall of the girder cylindrical cylinder 54 is bent into a circular U-shaped or ⁇ -shaped structure.
  • One end of the girder vibration isolation device 30 is welded or passed through
  • the gasket 48 and the connecting plate 49 are connected to the girder 32 in a sealing manner. Specifically, the gasket 48 is first connected to the annular connecting plate 49. The annular connecting plate 49 is then sealed and sleeved outside the girder 32, and the other end is sealed by the gasket 48 Connected to the cylindrical cylinder 10.
  • the cylindrical cooling device 11 is composed of multiple arc-shaped cylindrical cooling units assembled into a complete circular cylinder, and each cooling unit group is composed of an upper side plate 38 ,
  • the liquid inlet pipe 39 welded to the upper side plate 38, the lower side plate 55, the outer plate 36 and the inner plate 37, the left side plate 43, the right side plate 41 and the liquid outlet pipe 44 welded to the lower side plate 55 constitute one Closed cavity;
  • the upper side plate 38, the lower side plate 55, the left side plate 43, and the right side plate 41 are in the shape of arc partitions, all of which are plates with a convex arc on the outer ring and a concave arc on the inner ring.
  • the plate 36 and the inner plate 37 are welded to the left side plate 43 or the right side plate 41 through a plurality of arc-shaped partitions 40 alternately to form an S-shaped flow channel 42 which is arranged along the axis of the cylinder; the liquid inlet pipe 39 It communicates with the upper liquid collecting pipe 28, and the liquid outlet pipe 44 communicates with the lower liquid collecting pipe 9.
  • the annular cooling device 27 is similar in structure to the cylindrical cooling device 11, and is mainly composed of a plurality of arc-shaped plate-shaped flat-plate cooling units 56.
  • the S-shaped flow channel is arranged in the radial direction of the disk, and the liquid inlet and outlet pipes are respectively It communicates with the upper liquid collecting pipe 28 and the lower liquid collecting pipe 9.
  • the lower head 7 is fixed to the bottom concrete 6 by welding or riveting with braces 5 embedded in the bottom concrete 6.
  • the lower head 7 is connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical cylinder 10 Welded into one.
  • the upper bearing system 18 is supported by the upper bearing support ring 33 and a plurality of beams 32 fixed on the upper bearing support ring 33 to the connecting pad 45, and the connecting pad 45 is fixed on the side concrete 8.
  • the materials of the cylindrical cooling device 11 and the annular cooling device 27 are made of materials with high thermal conductivity such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel or low carbon steel.

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Abstract

一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，包括圆柱形筒体（10），凸形封头（19）、下封头（7）、下轴承密封盖（4）、顶部圆柱形筒体（24）和上封板（22）构成真空承压腔体；高速转子系统（46）包围在该真空承压腔体里，圆柱形筒体（10）的内侧与高速转子系统（46）之间设置有圆柱形冷却装置（11），离心机转臂（14）两侧的吊篮（13）正上方设置环形冷却装置（27）；在高速转子系统（46）和圆柱形筒体（10）的交叉处，设有隔振膨胀节（47），将主机振动与真空腔体隔离开，大大减少振动；将下轴承系统（3）和上轴承系统（18）置于真空承压腔体外，从而使离心机在真空下低功耗运转，而轴承系统在常压下可靠运转，这种真空腔体结构能够使超重力土工离心机的重力加速度达到1500g以上，解决了超高重力离心机振动大和散热难的难题。

Description

一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种真空腔体结构，特别是涉及一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构。
背景技术
高加速度、高速土工离心机是研究岩土演变、地质构造演变、地质灾难还原等地质演变过程再现试验的必不可少的装置，振动和散热是超高重力机和土工离心机的两大突出难题。振动会引起结构的疲劳损伤，产热会引起舱内温度升高导致一起不能正常工作。随着加速度g的不断增加，土工离心机本身的散热问题成为一个难题，因为离心机的转速和线速度越高，转臂、吊篮与空气摩擦产生的热量越大。在加速度500g以下时，一般可以采用冷风机组冷却，或者自然风流通冷却。但是当加速度增加到1000g以上，甚至1500g以上以后，直径11米的离心舱内产热量可达到10MW，相当于5万平方米的大型空调机组的换热量，如此巨大的换热需要巨大的风量，而且风力过大会影响转臂的振动，因此传统冷风冷却已经不能满足高加速度离心机散热的需要，而温控解决不好，离心舱内的所有仪表均会出现问题，一般要求离心舱温度控制在45℃以下。一般多采用与离心壁四周冷水冷却相结合的方法冷却；但是当离心机的载荷进一步增加时，离心室内的产热量会进一步增加，这时候冷风冷却联合冷水冷却也无法达到散热的要求。为了解决这个问题，最有效的方法是对离心室抽真空，降低空气的密度以降低转臂与空气的摩擦生热，但是抽真空后会引发另外的问题，一是由于真空状态下空气分子稀薄，传热能力也大幅下降，且真空状态下空气无法对流，因此，转臂与空气摩擦引起的转臂温度升高的热量无法被有效传递出去。另一个问题是高真空下离心机的轴承会漏油，离心舱四周的密封都变得困难，故真空度不能太高。
目前有关土工离心机试验舱散热的专利主要有本单位浙江大学刘国贵等的CN201210056367.6“土工离心机试验舱的喷淋水幕式冷却装置”，提出了一种采用离心舱四周喷淋冷却水的方法进行散热的方法，效果很好，但是当加速度增加到1000g以上，仅仅依靠水冷也达不到散热控温的目的；冷风冷却属于常规技术，自然风冷却是采用离心机本身的空气流场达到流通冷却，其他冷却散热技术未见报道。
发明内容
为了解决超高加速度土工离心机轴承系统漏油和主机振动的问题，主机室抽真空是很好的选择，本发明的目的在于提供一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，顶部设置轴承系统使高速转子的刚性大大增强，减少了主机的振动，将轴承系统通过特殊方法隔离在真空腔体以外，彻底解决漏油问题；采用特殊隔振装置将主机的振动与真空腔体隔离，达到安全运行的要求。采用内置式散热技术，采用蛇式弯曲流道以增加散热效率，采用曲面板式换热器， 确保内壁面风阻功率没有改变，从而实现低能耗、可靠温控的目的，顶部设置轴承系统使高速转子的刚性大大增强，减少了主机的振动。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明包括圆柱形筒体、凸形封头、下封头、下轴承密封盖、顶部圆柱形筒体和上封板用密封圈密封构成真空承压腔体；高速转子系统被包围在该真空承压腔体里面，圆柱形筒体的内侧与高速转子系统之间设置有圆柱形冷却装置，高速转子系统的主轴下端经下轴承密封盖和下轴承系统，伸出下封头后，再依次与联轴器和马达连接，将下轴承系统、联轴器和马达隔离于真空承压腔体外；高速转子系统的主轴上端经上封板和上轴承系统与安装在顶部圆柱形筒体内的仪器舱连接；将上轴承系统和位于凸形封头中心处的顶部圆柱形筒体内的仪器舱隔离于真空承压腔体外；上轴承系统支撑装置由上轴承支撑环和多根大梁构成放射形的支撑结构，每根大梁的一端与上轴承支撑环连接，另一端穿过圆柱形筒体后与连接垫板连接，每块连接垫板再连接到侧面混凝土上，上轴承系统安装于上轴承支撑环内；多根大梁一端四周与圆柱形筒体的交叉开孔为间隙配合，每根大梁分别通过大梁防振隔离装置与圆柱形筒体通过垫片构成密封连接；高速转子系统的离心机转臂两侧分别装有吊篮，每根大梁上面位于吊篮正上方的位置设置环形冷却装置；圆柱形筒体上开有多个侧壁接管和一个侧门，凸形封头上开有真空抽气管、吊装孔、进气管、真空复压管和备用接管；圆柱形冷却装置和环形冷却装置与上集液管和下集液管联通，上集液管穿过圆柱形筒体连接到冷冻机的低温出口，下集液管穿过圆柱形筒体连接到冷冻机的回水进口；圆柱形筒体的侧面开有侧门。
所述顶部圆柱形筒体，在其圆柱形筒身中间位置设置有一个或多个U形或者Ω形的隔振装置，顶部圆柱形筒体上端与凸形封头通过凸缘法兰与密封圈密封连接，顶部圆柱形筒体下端与上轴承支撑环通过另一密封圈密封连接，上轴承支撑环底部用上封板密封连接后与主轴动密封连接。
所述大梁防振隔离装置，由大梁圆柱形筒体和位于筒体中间部位的一个或者多个U形或者Ω形的隔振膨胀节组成，大梁防振隔离装置的一端焊接或者通过垫片密封联接于大梁上，另一端通过垫片密封连接于圆柱形筒体上。
所述圆柱形冷却装置，它由多块弧形的冷却单元组装成一个完整的圆形筒，每一个冷却单元组由上侧板、焊于上侧板的进水接管、下侧板、外侧板和内侧板、左侧板、右侧板及焊于下侧板上的进水接管组成一个密闭的腔体；上侧板、下侧板、左侧板、右侧板是弧形隔板形状，均为外圈为凸弧形、内圈为凹弧形的板，外侧板和内侧板通过多个弧形隔板相间焊接在左侧板或右侧板，构成S形流道；进水接管与上集液管相连通，出水接管与下集液管相连通；环形冷却装置与圆柱形冷却装置结构相似的多个平板冷却单元组成。
所述下封头，采用预埋在底部混凝土中的拉筋焊接或者铆接固定于底部混凝土上，下封头与圆柱形筒体底端焊接成一体。
所述上轴承系统，由上轴承支撑环和固定于上轴承支撑环上的多根大梁支撑到连接垫板上，连接垫板固定于侧面混凝土上。
所述圆柱形冷却装置和环形冷却装置的材料为铝合金、不锈钢或低碳钢。
本发明具有的有益效果体现在：
1)由于轴承系统置于真空腔体之外，可以采用高真空度下运转，解决目前高速转子轴承系统真空下渗油、漏油问题；
2)将散热设备置于真空腔体内部，可以将换热系数进一步提高，增加散热效果；
3)区别于传统土工离心机采用单轴承系统悬臂梁转子，本发明的高速转子设置上轴承系统，大大增加了高速转子的刚度和运行稳定性，解决高速转子振动大的问题；
4)在高速转子系统和圆柱形筒体的交叉处，采用一个或者多个U形或者Ω形的隔振膨胀节，将主机振动与真空腔体隔离开，大大减少振动；
5)将上轴承支撑环与凸形封头采用一个或者多个U形或者Ω形的隔振膨胀节，将上轴承系统的振动与真空腔体隔开，同时将凸形封头的变形与上轴承系统隔开。
因此，本发明在加速度增加到1500g以上运行时，离心舱内温度均能控制在45℃以下。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构主视剖面图。
图2是图1的A-A的横截面图。
图3是圆柱形冷却装置的结构图。
图4是圆柱形冷却装置的俯视图。
图5是大梁防振隔离装置的连接图。
图6是环向冷却装置示意图
图中：1、马达，2、联轴器，3、下轴承系统，4、下轴承密封盖，5、拉筋，6、底部混凝土，7、下封头，8、侧面混凝土，9、下集液管，10、圆柱形筒体，11、圆柱形冷却装置，12、主轴，13、吊篮，14、离心机转臂，15、下密封法兰，16、上密封法兰，17、压紧装置，18、上轴承系统，19、凸形封头，20、隔振装置，21、真空抽气管，22、上封板，23、密封圈，24、顶部圆柱形筒体，25、仪器舱，26、上轴承系统支撑装置，27、环形冷却装置，28、上集液管，29、吊装孔，30、大梁防振隔离装置，31、密封垫片，32、大梁，33、上轴承支撑环，34、进气管，35、真空复压管，36、外侧板，37、内侧板，38、上侧板，39、进液管，40、弧形隔板，41、右侧板，42、S形流道，43、左侧板，44、出液管，45、连接垫板，46、高速转子系统，47、隔振膨胀节，48、垫片，49、连接板，50、凸缘法兰，51、侧壁接管，52、侧门，53、备用接管，54、大梁圆柱形筒体，55、下侧板，56、环形冷却单元。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1、图2所示，本发明包括圆柱形筒体10、凸形封头19、下封头7、下轴承密封盖4、顶部圆柱形筒体24和上封板22、下密封法兰15和上密封法兰16及位于二法兰之间的密封垫片31用压紧装置17压紧的可拆密封构成真空承压腔体；圆柱形筒体10上端连接安装上轴承系统支撑装置26和凸形封头19，凸形封头19位于上轴承系统支撑装置26上方，凸形封头19和上轴承系统支撑装置26中心内孔之间通过顶部圆柱形筒体24连接，圆柱形筒体10下端连接安装下封头7，下轴承密封盖4，离心机的主轴12套装在上轴承系统支撑装置26和下轴承密封盖4的中心内孔中，圆柱形筒体10上端固接下密封法兰15，凸形封头19外圈下端固接上密封法兰16，下密封法兰15和上密封法兰16密封固接，使得圆柱形筒体10上端和凸形封头19密封固接。
高速转子系统46被包围在该真空承压腔体里面，圆柱形筒体10的内侧与高速转子系统46之间设置有圆柱形冷却装置11，高速转子系统46的主轴12下端经下轴承密封盖4和下轴承系统3，伸出下封头7后，再依次与联轴器2和马达1连接，主轴12经下轴承系统3套装于下封头7的中心内孔中，下轴承系统3通过下轴承密封盖4轴向定位安装，将下轴承系统3、联轴器2和马达1隔离于真空承压腔体外；高速转子系统46的主轴12上端经上封板22和上轴承系统18与安装在顶部圆柱形筒体24内的仪器舱25连接；将上轴承系统18和位于凸形封头19中心处的顶部圆柱形筒体24内的仪器舱25隔离于真空承压腔体外。
上轴承系统支撑装置26由上轴承支撑环33和多根大梁32(图2中为八根大梁)构成放射形的支撑结构，每根大梁32的一端与上轴承支撑环33连接，另一端穿过圆柱形筒体10后与连接垫板45连接，每块连接垫板45再连接到侧面混凝土8上，上轴承系统18安装于上轴承支撑环33内；多根大梁32一端四周与圆柱形筒体10的交叉开孔为间隙配合，即交叉开孔有10mm以下的间隙，每根大梁32分别通过大梁防振隔离装置30与圆柱形筒体10通过垫片48构成密封连接。
高速转子系统46的离心机转臂14两侧分别装有吊篮13，每根大梁32上位于吊篮13正上方的位置设置环形冷却装置27。
如图2所示，圆柱形筒体10上开有多个侧壁接管51和一个侧门52，凸形封头19上开有真空抽气管21、吊装孔29、进气管34、真空复压管35和备用接管53；圆柱形冷却装置11和环形冷却装置27均与上集液管28和下集液管9联通，上集液管28穿过圆柱形筒体10经各自的侧壁接管51连接到冷冻机的低温出口，下集液管9穿过圆柱形筒体10经各自的侧壁接管51连接到冷冻机的回水进口；圆柱形筒体10的侧面开有侧门52。
如图1、图2所示，所述顶部圆柱形筒体24，在其圆柱形筒身中间位置设置有一个或多个U形或者Ω形的隔振装置20，隔振装置20为设置于顶部圆柱形筒体24中间部位将顶部圆柱形筒体24筒壁弯折成环形的截面为U形或者Ω形的结构，顶部圆柱形筒体24上端与凸形封头19通过凸缘法兰50与密封圈23密封连接，凸缘法兰50密封连接在凸形封头19内圈， 凸缘法兰50下端面经密封圈23和顶部圆柱形筒体24上端密封连接，顶部圆柱形筒体24下端与上轴承支撑环33通过另一密封圈23密封连接，上轴承支撑环33底部用上封板22密封连接后与主轴12动密封连接。
如图2、图5所示，所述大梁防振隔离装置30，由大梁圆柱形筒体54和位于筒体中间部位的一个或者多个U形或者Ω形的隔振膨胀节47组成，隔振膨胀节47为设置于大梁圆柱形筒体54中间部位将大梁圆柱形筒体54筒壁弯折成环形的截面为U形或者Ω形的结构，大梁防振隔离装置30的一端焊接或者通过垫片48和连接板49密封联接于大梁32上，具体是先通垫片48连接到环形的连接板49上，环形的连接板49再密封套装于大梁32外，另一端通过垫片48密封连接于圆柱形筒体10上。
如图3、图4、图6所示，所述圆柱形冷却装置11，它由多块弧形柱体的冷却单元组装成一个完整的圆形筒，每一个冷却单元组由上侧板38、焊于上侧板38的进液管39、下侧板55、外侧板36和内侧板37、左侧板43、右侧板41及焊于下侧板55上的出液管44组成一个密闭的腔体；上侧板38、下侧板55、左侧板43、右侧板41是弧形隔板形状，均为外圈为凸弧形、内圈为凹弧形的板，外侧板36和内侧板37通过多个弧形隔板40相间焊接在左侧板43或右侧板41，构成S形流道42，S形流道42沿柱体轴向布置；进液管39与上集液管28相连通，出液管44与下集液管9相连通。环形冷却装置27与圆柱形冷却装置11结构相似，是主要由多个弧形盘状的平板冷却单元56组成，其S形流道沿盘状径向布置，其进液管和出液管分别与上集液管28下集液管9相连通。
如图2、图5所示，所述下封头7，采用预埋在底部混凝土6中的拉筋5焊接或者铆接固定于底部混凝土6上，下封头7与圆柱形筒体10底端焊接成一体。
所述上轴承系统18，由上轴承支撑环33和固定于上轴承支撑环33上的多根大梁32支撑到连接垫板45上，连接垫板45固定于侧面混凝土8上。
所述圆柱形冷却装置11和环形冷却装置27的材料为铝合金、不锈钢或低碳钢等导热系数高的材料制成。
本发明的工作原理：
在高速转子的吊篮里面放置所需的实验物品后，关闭整个真空腔体的所有门和吊装孔阀门，打开进风管和出风管的阀门，开启冷风冷却系统；同时打开上集液管和下集液管的阀门，开启冷冻机组，开启圆柱形冷却装置和顶部环形冷却装置。开启超高重力离心机主机，开始工作。当真空腔体内的温度上升到40度时，如果仍有上升趋势，关闭风冷系统，打开真空抽气管阀门，开启真空泵抽真空，此时圆柱形冷却装置和顶部环形冷却装置继续工作，当真空腔体内的温度不再上升时。停止真空泵抽气，保持真空下工作。当温度继续下降到20度以下时，可以调节真空度或者调节冷冻机的出液量来控制真空腔体内的温度在20-45度之间工作。 主机需要停机时，关闭真空泵，开启复压阀，关闭冷冻机，关闭圆柱形冷却装置和顶部环形冷却装置，打开侧门，取出试件。一个试验结束。

Claims (7)

  1. 超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：包括圆柱形筒体(10)、凸形封头(19)、下封头(7)、下轴承密封盖(4)、顶部圆柱形筒体(24)和上封板(22)用密封圈密封构成真空承压腔体；高速转子系统(46)被包围在该真空承压腔体里面，圆柱形筒体(10)的内侧与高速转子系统(46)之间设置有圆柱形冷却装置(11)，高速转子系统(46)的主轴(12)下端经下轴承密封盖(4)和下轴承系统(3)，伸出下封头(7)后，再依次与联轴器(2)和马达(1)连接，将下轴承系统(3)、联轴器(2)和马达(1)隔离于真空承压腔体外；高速转子系统(46)的主轴(12)上端经上封板(22)和上轴承系统(18)与安装在顶部圆柱形筒体(24)内的仪器舱(25)连接；将上轴承系统(18)和位于凸形封头(19)中心处的顶部圆柱形筒体(24)内的仪器舱(25)隔离于真空承压腔体外；上轴承系统支撑装置(26)由上轴承支撑环(33)和多根大梁(32)构成放射形的支撑结构，每根大梁的一端与上轴承支撑环(33)连接，另一端穿过圆柱形筒体(10)后与连接垫板(45)连接，每块连接垫板(45)再连接到侧面混凝土(8)上，上轴承系统(18)安装于上轴承支撑环(33)内；多根大梁(32)一端四周与圆柱形筒体(10)的交叉开孔为间隙配合，每根大梁分别通过大梁防振隔离装置(30)与圆柱形筒体(10)通过垫片(48)构成密封连接；高速转子系统(46)的离心机转臂(14)两侧分别装有吊篮(13)，每根大梁上面位于吊篮(13)正上方的位置设置环形冷却装置(27)；圆柱形筒体(10)上开有多个侧壁接管(51)和一个侧门(52)，凸形封头(19)上开有真空抽气管(21)、吊装孔(29)、进气管(34)、真空复压管(35)和备用接管(53)；圆柱形冷却装置(11)和环形冷却装置(27)与上集液管(28)和下集液管(9)联通，上集液管(28)穿过圆柱形筒体(10)连接到冷冻机的低温出口，下集液管(9)穿过圆柱形筒体(10)连接到冷冻机的回水进口；圆柱形筒体(10)的侧面开有侧门(52)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述顶部圆柱形筒体(24)，在其圆柱形筒身中间位置设置有一个或多个U形或者Ω形的隔振装置(20)，顶部圆柱形筒体(24)上端与凸形封头通过凸缘法兰(50)与密封圈密封连接，顶部圆柱形筒体(24)下端与上轴承支撑环(33)通过另一密封圈密封连接，上轴承支撑环(33)底部用上封板(22)密封连接后与主轴动密封连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述大梁防振隔离装置(30)，由大梁圆柱形筒体(54)和位于筒体中间部位的一个或者多个U形或者Ω形的隔振膨胀节(47)组成，大梁防振隔离装置(30)的一端焊接或者通过垫片(48)密封联接于大梁(32)上，另一端通过垫片(48)密封连接于圆柱形筒体(10)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述圆柱形冷却装置(11)，它由多块弧形的冷却单元组装成一个完整的圆形筒，每一个冷却单元组由上侧板(38)、焊于上侧板(38)的进水接管(39)、下侧板(55)、外侧板(36)和内侧板(37)、左侧板 (43)、右侧板(41)及焊于下侧板(55)上的进水接管(44)组成一个密闭的腔体；上侧板(38)、下侧板(55)、左侧板(43)、右侧板(41)是弧形隔板形状，均为外圈为凸弧形、内圈为凹弧形的板，外侧板(36)和内侧板(37)通过多个弧形隔板(40)相间焊接在左侧板(43)或右侧板(41)，构成S形流道(42)；进水接管(39)与上集液管(28)相连通，出水接管(44)与下集液管(9)相连通；环形冷却装置(27)与圆柱形冷却装置(11)结构相似的多个平板冷却单元(56)组成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述下封头(7)，采用预埋在底部混凝土(6)中的拉筋(5)焊接或者铆接固定于底部混凝土(6)上，下封头(7)与圆柱形筒体(10)底端焊接成一体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述上轴承系统(18)，由上轴承支撑环(33)和固定于上轴承支撑环(33)上的多根大梁(32)支撑到连接垫板(45)上，连接垫板(45)固定于侧面混凝土(8)上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构，其特征在于：所述圆柱形冷却装置(11)和环形冷却装置(27)的材料为铝合金、不锈钢或低碳钢。
PCT/CN2019/089466 2019-04-28 2019-05-31 一种超高重力土工离心装置真空腔体结构 Ceased WO2020220428A1 (zh)

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